Csat Gs Almost Revision Manual

8/19/2019 Csat Gs Almost Revision Manual

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Ghanshyam Thori India & The World

Ghanshyam Thori India & The World 12

5. Economic Commission for Africa Addis Ababa6. Economic Commission for Western Asia Baghdad, Iraq7. UNESCO Paris8. Universal Postal Union (UPU) Berne, Switzerland9. WHO Geneva10. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Geneva11. World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Geneva12. World Trade Organization (WTO) Geneva13. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Geneva14. International Labour Organization (ILO) Geneva15. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Vienna16. Food & Agricultural Organization (FAO) Rome17. International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Rome18. International Maritime Organization (IMO) London19. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Vienna

20. IBRD or World Bank Washington21. International Development Association Washington22. International Finance Corporation (IFC) Washington23. International Monetary Fund (IMF) Washington24. International Telecommunication Satellite Organization (INTELSAT) Washington25. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Montreal, Canada26. UNICEF New York 27. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Geneva28. United Nations Conference on Trade & Development (UNCTAD) Geneva29. United Nations Institute for Training & Research (UNITAR) New York 30. United Nations Relief & Work for Palestine Refugees in the Near East Gaza City & Amman

31. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) New York 32. United Nations Postal Administration (UNPA) New York 33. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) New York 34. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Nairobi35. International Civil Service Commission (ICSC) New York 36. Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons The Hague37. United Nations Drugs Control Program (UNDCP) Vienna38. United Nations Interregional Crime & Justice Research Institute Turin, Italy39. United Nations Fund for International Parterships New York 40. UN-HABITAT ( United Nations Human Settlement Programme) Nairobi41. United Nations International School (UNIS) New York 42. World Food Programme (WFP) Rome43. World Tourism Organization (WTO) Madrid, Spain44. UNFCC – United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Rome45. United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) Geneva46. United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) Geneva47. United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Vienna, Austria


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48. United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS - (UNAIDS) Geneva, Switzerland49. United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat) - (UNCHS

Habitat Nairobi, Kenya

50.

International Organizations1. Amnesty International London2. Asian Development Bank Manila3. Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Jakarta4. BENELUX Economic Union Brussels5. Central Treaty Organization (Earlier known as Baghdad Pact) Ankara6. European Economic Community Brussels7. European Union Brussels8. European Free Trade Association Geneva9. European Space Research Organization Paris10. International Committee of the Red Cross Switzerland11. International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) Lyons (France)12. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Brussels13. North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement Ottawa, Mexico,

Washington DC14. Organization of Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD) Paris15. African Union ( 53 member countries) Addis Ababa16. OPEC Vienna17. South East Asia Treaty Organization Bangkok 18. G-8 (US, UK, France, Germany, Japan, Canada, Italy & Russia) Not Applicable

19. Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Minsk (Belarus)20. Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical & EconomicCooperation (BIMSTEC) Bangladesh-India-Myanmar-Sri Lanka-Thai.

NA

21. SAARC Kathmandu22. APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Forum) – 21 members Singapore23. Gulf Cooperation Council Riyadh, Saudi Arabia24. Organization of Islamic Conferences Jedah, Saudi Arabia25. League of Arab States Cairo26. G-77 (Presiding Country – Jamaica 2005 & South Africa – 2006) New York 27. G-24 Washington DC28. Andean Community Lima, Peru

29. Mercosur (Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Venezuela) Montevideo, Uruguay30. CARICOM (Carribean Community & Common Market) Georgetown, Guyana31. South African Development Community Gaborone, Botswana32. Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation Mauritius33. Shanghai Cooperation Organization Beijing34. Bank for International Settlements Basel, Switzerland


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35. Transparency International Berlin36. International Rice Research Institute Manila37. International Cricket Club Dubai38. Commonwealth Heads of Government Meet (CHOGM) London39. International Union for Conservation of Nature Switzerland40. Survival International (reporting un-contacted tribes) London41. Medicine Sans Frontiers Paris, France42. Reporters Sans Frontiers France43.44.

Various ProtocolsConvention Year ObjectiveStockholmConvention

1972 Persistent Organic Pollutants

ViennaConvention

1985 Ozone Layer. The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer is amultilateral environmental agreement. It was agreed upon in Vienna in 1985 andentered into force in 1987. It acts as a framework for the international efforts to

protect the ozone layer. However, it does not include legally binding reduction goalsfor the use of CFCs, the main chemical agents causing ozone depletion. These are laidout in the accompanying Montreal Protocol.

MontrealProtocol

1987 Ozone Depleting Substances.The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is an internationaltreaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of a number of substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. The treaty was openedfor signature in 1987 and entered into force on January 1, 1989. Due to its widespreadadoption and implementation it has been hailed as an example of exceptionalinternational co-operation with Kofi Annan quoted as saying it is "Perhaps the singlemost successful international agreement to date...". At present, 191 nations have

become party to the Montreal Protocol. Those 5 that are not as of September 2007 areAndorra, Iraq, San Marino, Timor-Leste and Vatican City.Since the Montreal Protocol came into effect, the atmospheric concentrations of themost important chlorofluorocarbons and related chlorinated hydrocarbons have either leveled off or decreased. Halon concentrations have continued to increase, as thehalons presently stored in fire extinguishers are released, but their rate of increase hasslowed and their abundances are expected to begin to decline by about 2020. Also, theconcentration of the HCFCs increased drastically at least partly because for many usesCFCs (e.g. used as solvents or refrigerating agents) were substituted with HCFCs.Unfortunately, the hydrochlorofluorocarbons, or HCFCs, and hydrofluorocarbons, or HFCs, are now thought to contribute to anthropogenic global warming. On amolecule-for-molecule basis, these compounds are up to 10,000 times more potentgreenhouse gases than carbon dioxide. The Montreal Protocol currently calls for a


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complete phase-out of HCFCs by 2030 , but does not place any restriction on HFCs.Since the CFCs themselves are equally powerful as greenhouse gases, the meresubst itution of HFCs for CFCs does not significant ly increase the rate of anthropogenic global warming, but over time a steady increase in their use couldincrease the danger that human activity will change the climate.

BaselConvention

1989 Trans boundary movement of Hazardous Wastes.It is an international treaty that was designed to reduce the movements of hazardouswaste between nations, and specifically to prevent transfer of hazardous waste fromdeveloped to less developed countries (LDCs). It does not, however, address themovement of radioactive waste. The Convention is also intended to minimize theamount and toxicity of wastes generated, to ensure their environmentally soundmanagement as closely as possible to the source of generation, and to assist LDCs inenvironmentally sound management of the hazardous and other wastes they generate.

RioSummitOr EarthSummit

1992 The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development , also known asthe Rio Summit, Earth Summit was a major United Nations conference held in Riode Janeiro in 1992.The issues addressed included:· systematic scrutiny of patterns of production — particularly the production of

toxic components, such as lead in gasoline, or poisonous waste includingradioactive chemicals

· alternative sources of energy to replace the use of fossil fuels which are linked toglobal climate change

· new reliance on public transportation systems in order to reduce vehicleemissions, congestion in cities and the health problems caused by polluted air andsmog

· the growing scarcity of water An important achievement was an agreement on the Climate Change Conventionwhich in turn led to the Kyoto Protocol.The Earth Summit resulted in the following documents:1. Rio Declaration on Environment and Development 2. Agenda 213. Convention on Biological Diversity4. Forest Principles5. Framework Convention on Climate Change

1. The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development , often shortened to RioDeclaration, was a short document produced at the 1992 United Nations "Conferenceon Environment and Development" (UNCED), informally known as the EarthSummit. The Rio Declaration consisted 27 principles intended to guide futuresustainable development around the world.

2. Agenda 21 is a programme run by the United Nations (UN) related to sustainable

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Declaration_on_Environment_and_Developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_on_Biological_Diversityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_Principleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_Principleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_on_Biological_Diversityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Declaration_on_Environment_and_Development


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development. It is a comprehensive blueprint of action to be taken globally, nationallyand locally by organizations of the UN, governments, and major groups in every areain which humans impact on the environment. The number 21 refers to the 21stcentury.

3. The Convention on Biological Diversity , known informally as the BiodiversityConvention, is an international treaty that was adopted in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992.The Convention has three main goals:

1. conservation of biological diversity (or biodiversity);2. sustainable use of its components; and3. fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources.

4. Forest Principles : It is a non-legally binding document that makes severalrecommendations for forestry. At the Earth Summit, the negotiation of the documentwas complicated by demands by developing nations in the Group of 77 for increasedforeign aid in order to pay for the setting aside of forest reserves. Developed nationsresisted those demands, and the final document was a compromise.

5. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC) is an international environmental treaty produced at the United NationsConference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as theEarth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The treaty is aimed at stabilizinggreenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would preventdangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.

The treaty as originally framed set no mandatory limits on greenhouse gas emissionsfor individual nations and contained no enforcement provisions; it is thereforeconsidered legally non-binding. Rather, the treaty included provisions for updates

(called "protocols") that would set mandatory emission limits. The principal update isthe Kyoto Protocol, which has become much better known than the UNFCCC itself.

KyotoProtocol

1997 The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol to the international Framework Convention onClimate Change with the objective of reducing greenhouse gases that cause climatechange. It was adopted in 1997 and it entered into force in 2005. As of June 2008, 182

parties have ratified the protocol. One hundred and thirty-seven (137) developingcountries have ratified the protocol, including Brazil, China and India, but have noobligation beyond monitoring and reporting emissions. Australia's new governmentformed by the Australian Labor Party after the November 2007 election fully supports

the protocol and Prime Minister Kevin Rudd signed the instrument of ratificationimmediately after assuming office on 3 December 2007, just before the meeting of theUN Framework Convention on Climate Change. USA & Kazakhstan have not ratifiedthis protocol.

The objective is to achieve "stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in theatmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_Principleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_Principles


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the climate system." The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has predicted an average global rise in temperature of 1.4° to 5.8°C between 1990 and2100.

Governments are separated into two general categories: developed countries, referredto as Annex I countries (who have accepted greenhouse gas emission reductionobligations and must submit an annual greenhouse gas inventory), and developingcountries, referred to as Non-Annex I countries (who have no greenhouse gasemission reduction obligations but may participate in the Clean DevelopmentMechanism).

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is an arrangement under the KyotoProtocol allowing industrialised countries with a greenhouse gas reductioncommitment (called Annex 1 countries) to invest in projects that reduce emissions indeveloping countries as an alternative to more expensive emission reductions in their own countries. The CDM allows net global greenhouse gas emissions to be reduced at

a much lower global cost by financing emissions reduction projects in developingcountries where costs are lower than in industrialized countries. However, criticsargue that by allowing "business as usual" projects some emission reductions under the CDM are false or exaggerated

RotterdamConvention

1998 Prior Informed Consent procedure for certain hazardous material

CartagenaProtocol

2000 Bio SafetyThe Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety of the Convention, also known as the BiosafetyProtocol, was adopted in 2000. The Biosafety Protocol seeks to protect biologicaldiversity from the potential risks posed by living modified organisms resulting frommodern biotechnology.

The Biosafety Protocol makes clear that products from new technologies must be based on the precautionary principle and allow developing nations to balance publichealth against economic benefits. It will for example let countries ban imports of agenetically modified organism if they feel there is not enough scientific evidence the

product is safe and requires exporters to label shipments containing genetically alteredcommodities such as corn or cotton.


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Other TreatiesNuclearNon-proliferationTreaty

1968 A major step towards non-proliferation of nuclear weapons came with the signing of the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) in 1968. Only four nations are notsignatories: India, Israel, Pakistan and North Korea. India and Pakistan both possessand have openly tested nuclear bombs. Israel has had a policy of opacity regardingits own nuclear weapons program. North Korea ratified the treaty, violated it, andlater withdrew.

Under the NPT, non-nuclear weapon states were prohibited from, inter alia,

possessing, manufacturing or acquiring nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosivedevices. All signatories, including nuclear weapon states, were committed to the goalof total nuclear disarmament.

Although the concept of "pillars" appears nowhere in the NPT, the treaty isnevertheless sometimes interpreted as having three pillars: non-proliferation,disarmament, and the right to peacefully use nuclear technology.

The main reason India cites for not signing the NPT and for possessing nuclear weapons is that China is one of the "nuclear haves. India is one of the few countriesto have a no first use policy, a pledge not to use nuclear weapons unless first

attacked by an adversary using nuclear weapons.CTBT 1996 The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) bans all nuclear explosions in

all environments, for military or civilian purposes. The treaty was opened for signature in 1996. India and Pakistan, though not nuclear weapons states as defined

by the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT), did not sign; neither did theDemocratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weaponhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon


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Obligations1. Each State Party undertakes not to carry out any nuclear weapon test

explosion or any other nuclear explosion, and to prohibit and prevent anysuch nuclear explosion at any place under its jurisdiction or control.

2. Each State Party undertakes, furthermore, to refrain from causing,encouraging, or in any way participating in the carrying out of any nuclear weapon tests explosion or any other nuclear explosion.


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Ghanshyam Thori Indians Outside India (Diaspora)

Ghanshyam Thori Indians Outside India (Diaspora)1

India DiasporaAnalysis· Schemes related to Indian Diaspora

o Pravasi Bhartiya Bima Yojana, 2006o Know India Programo Efforts by Indian Government to look after NRIso India Millenium Deposit Schemeo Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairso Nodal Agency to deal with Issues of Indians abroad.o Under what conditions are NRI’s permitted to deposit in India any currency of their choice.o Significance of Pravasi Bhartiya Divas in modern India.o Why January 9 was chosen to observe Pravasi Bhartiya Diwas.o Categorize the People of Indian Origin.o References made to the NRI in Union Budget 2004.

· General Questions/Miscellaneouso Why do NRI’s retain their emotional attachment to India.o Problems faced by NRI’s if they decide to settle in India.o Distinguish between NRI & PIO.o Brain Drain.o Reverse Migrationo Differences between Jewish & Indian Diaspora.

· Indian Groups Abroado Madhesis in Nepalo All India Women Contingent to Liberiao Future of Indians in Fijio Exodous of Persons of Indian Origin from Ugandao Idi Amin & his atrocities on Indians in his country.o Indians in Chinao Future of Indian Expatriates in the Gulf

· Contribution of Indian Diasporao Contribution of NRI’s to GCC countrieso Contribution of Indians in Silicon Valleyo Indians in the House of Lords, U.K.o Mention Few Important NRIs.o Role of NRI’s in Liberalization processo The Fields in which NRI’s have excelled in developed countrieso In which specialities are Indians are wanted most abroado Impact of Gulf Remittances on India’s economy.


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Famous NRIsAmitav Ghosh India born Amitav Ghosh is a world renowned novelist and author. He was born in

Calcutta. He completed his graduation from St. Stephens College, Delhi University.Amitav's latest work of fiction, The Hungry Tide was published in April 2004.Other prominent works of Amitav are - The Shadow Lines (1990), In An AntiqueLand (1994), The Circle of Reason (1986), The Calcutta Chromosome (1995), andThe Glass Palace (2000).

Vinod Khosla The India born Venture Capitalist, Vinod Khosla is one of the most influential persons of the Silicon Valley. Vinod Khosla is in Forbes magazine's list of America's richest 400 people. Vinod Khosla is a world renowned venture capitalist.Vinod is revolutionizing communications. He rose into fame at the age of 27 whenhe co-founded the Sun Microsystems. He is an alumnus of IIT, Delhi.

Vinod Dahm Vinod Dahm and the Pentium chip are synonymous with each other. It is so becauseVinod Dahm is the creator of the Pentium chip, which runs almost 90% of thecomputers today. He is suitably known as the father of the Pentium processor.Vinod was born in Pune, India in 1950. He received his initial education at Pune.Vinod earned his bachelor's degree from the Delhi College of Engineering

Anita Desai Indian novelist and short story writer, Anita Desai is specially noted for her insightful depiction of the inner life of the female characters in her writings. Inmany of her works Anita Desai has highlighted the tensions among the familymembers and estrangement of middle-class women. Anita Desai marked her debutas a novelist in the year 1963 with the Peacock. It was followed by Voices of theCity; Fire on the Mountain (set in Kasuli, a hill station), "In Clear Light of Day,Where Shall We Go This Summer, and The Zigzag Way. Anita Desai's works wereshort listed for the Booker prize 3 times.

Lord Swaraj Paul Lord Swaraj Paul is a Britain based business magnate a philanthropist. He was bornin 1931 in Jalandhar, India. Swaraj Paul founded the multinational companyCaparo- the UK-based steel and engineering group. He was knighted by the BritishQueen in the year 1978 and became the Lord Paul of Marylebone and a member of the House of Lords.

Deepak Chopra The world famous motivational speaker and best selling author, Deepak Chopra wasa successful endocrinologist at Boston. Dr. Deepak Chopra has written best-selling

books like Ageless Body, Timeless Mind (1993) and The Seven Spiritual Laws of Success (1995). Applying his innovative mind and medical techniques, Deepak Chopra became a successful motivational speaker, with a series of multi-media

programmes for healing mind, body and spirit.Arun Netravali Arun Netravali is an international scientist of Indian origin. Arun Netravali has

made many fundamental contributions in the areas of digital communicationstechnology. Presently Dr Arun Netravali is the President of the Bell Labs.

BalmuraliAmbati

Balamurali Ambati of India is the world's youngest doctor. Ambati graduated fromthe New York University at the age of 13. Ambati received his degree from MountSinai School of Medicine in New York in May 19, 1995. A National Merit Scholar and a winner in the Westinghouse Science Talent Search & the International Science& Engineering Fair, Balamurali Ambati Balamurali continued his education atHarvard, specializing in ophthalmology. Ambati developed plans and strategies toreverse corneal angiogenesis. Presently Balamurali Ambati is completing fellowshipin cornea & refractive surgery at the Duke University.


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Bhikhu Parekh Lord Bhiku Parekh is a Britain-based political scientist. Lord Parekh is a member of the House of Lords and has made significant contribution to the study of politicalsystems in Britain and India. His service as the vice-chancellor of BarodaUniversity, Gujarat, India reflects his deep and undying love for India.

Chittaranjan S.Ranawat

Dr. Ranawat is one of the world's leading orthopedic and knee surgeons. Dr.Ranawat is Chairman, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital,USA. He was awarded the Padma Blushan by the President of India (2001) for outstanding meritorious excellence

Gurinder Chadha Gurinder Chadha is an international filmmaker of Indian heritage. Gurinder startedoff from the BBC and later went on to make documentaries. Then Gurinder Chadhadecided to enter the world of films. She has made some great films that SouthAsian-Americans could relate to.

Dipak C Jain India born Dipak C. Jain is the dean of the Kellogg School of Management since2001. Dipak C. Jain had joined the Kellogg School of Management faculty in 1986as an associate professor and later became an associate dean. In 1994 Dipak wasnamed Kellogg school's Sandy and Morton Goldman Professor of EntrepreneurialStudies and professor of marketing.

GururajDeshpande

Dr. Gururaj Deshpande is the co-founder and chairman of the Sycamore networksInc. He is a powerful technology entrepreneur and futurist.

Hinduja Brothers The Hinduja Brothers include Prakash, Srichand, Gopichand and Ashok. Srichandand Gopichand are based in Britain while Prakash resides in Geneva and Ashok inMumbai. The Hindujas are Great Britain's one of the richest families and among theten richest people in the country. The business empire of the Hinduja brothers isworth billion of dollars. Initially the Hinduja brothers set up their business in Iranand then they moved to London in 1979. The Hindujas are firm believers intraditional family values and all through their journey they have striven to instill thefamily concept in their business enterprises.

Ismail Merchant Born in India, Ismail Merchant is a director and producer of international repute.The Duo of Ismail Merchant and James Ivory have made several internationallyacclaimed movies. The Merchant Ivory Productions has continued as one of themost productive collaborations in cinema. It has produced films such as TheEuropeans, Quartet, Heat and Dust, A Room with a View, Mr. and Mrs. Bridge,Howard's End, The Remains of the Day Jefferson in Paris and Surviving Picasso.Besides, Merchant has also directed two films for TV, "Mahatma and the Mad Boy"and "The Courtesans of Bombay" for Britain's Channel Four.

Jagdish NBhagwati

Jagdish Bhagwati is a renowned professor of economics and is regarded as one of the foremost international trade economist of modern times. Widely tipped as afuture Nobel laureate, Prof Bhagwati enjoys immense reputation among hiseconomist friends. Jagdish N. Bhagwati is presently University Professor at theColumbia University and Senior Fellow in International Economics at the Councilon Foreign Relations.

Madhur Jaffrey One of the versatile Indians abroad, Madhur Jaffrey is an actress, culinary expert,TV presenter, movie script and cook book writer. But it is for her cookery thatMadhur is best known. She was born in Delhi.

M. Arunachalam M. Arunachalam is a Hong Kong-based businessman. M. Arunachalam has playedan important role in promoting trade and investment between Hong Kong and Indiaas also between China and India. M. Arunachalam has held the post of chairman,Indian Chambers of Commerce and president of the Asia Pacific Indian Chambers


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of Commerce and Industry.M. NightShyamalan

Manoj Night Shyamalan is a US based and internationally acclaimed Hollywooddirector, screenwriter and actor. Shyamalan was born in Pondicherry, India.

Rajiv Gupta India born Rajiv Gupta is presently the GM of Hewlett Packard.Rohinton Mistry Rohinton Mistry is a renowned novelist and author. Rohinton was born in India and

presently settled in Canada. His “Such a Long Journey” and “A Fine Balance” were both short listed for the Booker Prize for Fiction, and Family Matters was shortlisted for the 2002 Man Booker Prize for Fiction.

Sam Pitroda Satyanarayan Gangarm Pitroda, better known as Sam Pitroda was born in Titlagarh,Orissa, India. The name, Sam Pitroda can better be explained by the yellow phone

booths all across India. Yes, it was mainly because of the efforts of this inventor,technocrat, and social thinker that telecom revolution started in India. Currently, Mr.Pitroda is the Chairman and CEO of World-Tel Limited, an International TelecomUnion (ITU) initiative. Mr. Pitroda lives in Chicago, Illinois

Shashi Tharoor Shashi Tharoor is prolific writer and UN Diplomat. Shashi has been with the UNsince 1978 when he joined the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) inGeneva. Shashi Tharoor served the UN in various capacities before assuming theoffice of the Under-Secretary-General for Communications and Public Informationof the United Nations in 2001. In this capacity, he is responsible for thecommunication strategy, enhancing the image and effectiveness of the UN. In 2003,the Secretary-General appointed him United Nations Coordinator for Multilingualism.

Vikram Seth The world famous writer and poet Vikram Seth was born in Kolkata, India. VikramSeth possesses the art of creating a living and breathing world that keeps the readersfocused and engaged. Vikram Seth has published 6 books of poetry and 3 novels.Vikram Seth's latest work is "Two Lives" (2005), a memoir of the marriage of hisgreat uncle and aunt.

Navnit Dholakia Navnit Dholakia, Baron Dholakia OBE (born 4 March 1937) is a British LiberalDemocrat politician. From 1997 to 2002 he served as a Liberal Democrat whip inthe Lords, and since 2002 he has been a Home Affairs Spokesman. He was electedPresident of the party in 1999 and re-elected for a second term in 2002, in

November 2004 he was elected joint Deputy Leader in the House of Lords.


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NRIs/PIOs in News (2007-08)Khalid Hameed The appointment of this Lucknow born leading NRI doctor to the House of Lords

has kicked up a row in London with a probe sought into the alleged donations madeto the Liberal Democratic Party by Alpha Healthcare, which is linked to him.Leading NRI doctor Lord Khalid Hameed has been adjudged Asian of the Year 2007 for his outstanding work in various walks of life, including his contribution tohealth service.

ShantanuNarayen

Indian American Shantanu Narayen has been appointed President and Chief Executive Officer of Adobe System Incorporated from December one next replacingBruce Chizen.

Kiran Pande An Indian engineer, who was fired by her company (Chevron) after she complainedof her senior's racist conduct, has been awarded $5.5 million (about Rs 22 crore) bya San Francisco federal jury.

Neville JosephRoach

Mr Neville Joseph Roach AO - a humble paragon, currently Chairing a largenumber of high profile organisations such as, Fujitsu Australia Ltd, Australia IndiaBusiness Council and Smart Internet Technology CRC. Honoured at 6 th PravasiBharatiya divas 2008.

Karan Bilimoria Karan Faridoon Bilimoria is an entrepreneur and a life peer. He is best known as thefounder and chief executive of Cobra Beer. Honoured at 6 th Pravasi Bhartiya Divas,2008.

HarvinderTakhar

Minister of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, Canada

Ravi Pillai Dr Ravi Pillai, the Bahrain-based tycoon is presiding over a business empire that isvalued at 2.5 million US dollars and also generating employment for 28,000 Indians,thus becoming the single largest employer of Indians in the Gulf. But what makesDr Pillai stand out in the legion of NRIs who ave struck it rich in their adoptedcountries is not merely his taggering wealth but also his emotional bonding with his

parent country. Awarded at the 6 th Pravasi Bhartiya Divas.Renu Khator Indian American to lead prestigious university of HoustonS.R. Nathan Sellapan Ramanathan is the sixth and current President of the Republic of

Singapore.


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Pravasi Bhartiya Divas6th PravasiBhartiya Divas,2008

The 6th edition of the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas saw over 1,500 Non Resident Indiansfrom various parts of the globe. This time around NRIs from the Gulf were seen inlarge numbers. They had much to share and also an equal amount to complain about.

The Indians settled in the Gulf had much to complain about. The horrific incident inwhich over 200 workers in the Gulf had to return to India was still fresh in their minds. Clearly they were asking for more from the Indian government -- a welfare

fund for the returnees, more protection from the government of India, just to name afew. Apart from this, Indians from the Gulf complained extensively about the poor air connectivity between the two countries, which was causing a major problem for them. They said they had a major problem with Air India and also brought this to theissue of the Indian government. Although they had so many complaints, they clearlyseemed to have the upper hand when compared to the rest of the NRIs.On Tuesday, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh had said that at least 50 per cent of the funds that roll into India from the NRIs is from the Gulf. It was evident that the

NRI from the Gulf was no longer interested in taking the back seat and being preferred over the NRI from the West. They clearly were more outspoken anddemanded for their rights with authority. He assured them of better air connectivity.He told a media conference later that a private airline will start flying into the Gulf soon and this would sort out the problem. Regarding the Government carrier, he saidthat the issue will be taken up. Ravi also said that a welfare fund for those who hadto come back under difficult circumstances from the Gulf is awaiting the Cabinetnod.

Pravasi BhartiyaAwards 2008

Mauritius Prime Minister Navinchandra Ramagoolam was among the 11 peoplehonoured with the sixth Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Awards by President Pratibha


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Patil at New Delhi, 2008.Two Indian Americans – Dr Thomas Abraham and Dr Joy Cherian — figure amongthe 12 distinguished Pravasi Bharatiyas who were honored by President PratibhaPatil with the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award for outstanding contributions totheir home countries and to relations with India at the end of the two-day 6th PravasiBharatiya Divas here.

Dr Thomas Abraham, presently Chairman of Global Organization of People of Indian Origin (GOPIO), organized the first convention of People of Indian Origin in

New York, and helped establish a number of NRI/PIO community organizations.

Dr Joy Cherian received the honor for guiding US business missions to India and for public service. He was the first Asian to be appointed to a sub-cabinet position in theUS Government.

Among other winners of the PBD award are: Dr Navinchandra Ramgoolam, PrimeMinister of Mauritius, was cited as a leader with genuine concern for thedisadvantaged sections of society and for nurturing and strengthening the bonds

between Mauritius and India. Neville Joseph Roach, chairman of TCS-FNS, washonored for effectively advocating the cause of India and PIO in Australia. Dr RaviPillai was conferred the award for being one of the largest employers of Indiansabroad and for welfare projects in India.

APS Mani was recognized for his pioneering work in community welfare in Japan.Judge Ajit Swaran Singh received the honor for actively facilitating new migrantsfrom India to settle in New Zealand. Rafiudin S. Fazulbhoy was awarded for hiswork in the field of education in Jeddah for children of Indian origin and service toHaj pilgrims. Bicky Chakraborty was honored for his work in India and Sweden as a

philanthropist.

NRI & PIO A non-resident Indian (NRI) is an Indian citizen who has migrated to another country, a person of Indian origin who is born outside India, or a person of Indianorigin who resides outside India. Other terms with the same meaning are overseasIndian and expatriate Indian. In common usage, this often includes Indian bornindividuals (and also people of other nations with Indian blood) who have taken thecitizenship of other countries.

A Person of Indian Origin (PIO) is usually a person of Indian origin who is not acitizen of India. For the purposes of issuing a PIO Card, the Indian governmentconsiders anyone of Indian origins up to four generations removed, to be a PIO. [1].

Spouses of people entitled to a PIO card in their own right can also carry PIO cards.This latter category includes foreign spouses of Indian nationals, regardless of ethnicorigin. PIO Cards exempt holders from many restrictions applying to foreignnationals, such as visa and work permit requirements, along with certain other economic limitations.

The NRI and PIO population across the world is estimated at over 30 million (notincluding Pakistan, Bangladeshi and Sri Lankan diasporas).


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The Indian government recently introduced the "Overseas Citizenship of India(OCI)" scheme in order to allow a limited form of dual citizenship to Indians, NRIsand PIOs for the first time since independence in 1947. It is expected that the PIOCard scheme will be phased out in coming years in favour of OCI.

PIO Card Person of Indian Origin Card (PIO Card) is a form of identification issued to aPerson of Indian Origin who hold a passport in another country other than Pakistanand Bangladesh.Other conditions are:

1. person at any time held an Indian passport or;2. person's parents or grand parents or great grand parents were born in and

permanent residents in India, but not moved to Pakistan and Bangladesh or;3. person is spouse of a citizen of India or a person of Indian origin as per

above.It came into force with effect from 15 September 2002.Benefits:The various benefits available to a PIO cardholders are:1. No visa required for visiting India during the period of validity of PIO Card.

2. Exemption from the requirement of registration if stay in India does not exceed 6months. Should the continuous stay exceed six months, registration will berequired within 30 days of the expiry of six months with the concernedForeigners Registration Officer.

3. Parity with non-resident Indians in respect of facilities available to the latter ineconomic, financial and educational fields.

4. All facilities in the matter of acquisition, holding, transfer and disposal of immovable properties in India except in matters relating to the acquisition of agricultural/plantation properties.

5. Facilities available to children of NRIs for getting admission to educationalinstitutions in India including medical colleges, engineering colleges, Institutes

of Technology, Institutes of Management etc. under the general categories.6. Facilit ies available under the various housing schemes of LIC, State

Governments and other Government agencies.Limitations:Persons with a PIO are not1. allowed to vote2. eligible for an inner line permit. They have to apply for a Protected area permit.

OverseasCitizenship of India

A foreign national, who was eligible to become a citizen of India on 26.01.1950 or was a citizen of India on or at any time after 26.01.1950 or belonged to a territorythat became part of India after 15.08.1947 and his/her children and grand children, iseligible for registration as an Overseas Citizen of India (OCI). Minor children of

such person are also eligible for OCI. However, if the applicant had ever been acitizen of Pakistan or Bangladesh he/she will not be eligible for OCI.

There is no plan to issue Indian passports to Overseas Citizens of India, although theregistration certificate will be in the form of a passport-like booklet (similar to thePerson of Indian Origin (PIO) Card mentioned below). The Cabinet has also directedthe Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs to work on a proposal to give biometricsmart cards to registered Overseas Citizens of India.


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An Overseas Citizen of India will enjoy all rights and privileges available to Non-Resident Indians excluding the right to invest in agriculture and plantation

properties. There is no visa requirement for travel to India. The person has to carryhis existing foreign passport along with Registration Certificate. Alternatively, theOverseas Citizen of India can apply for a new type of visa called ‘U’ visa which is amulti-purpose, multiple-entry, life-long visa for those that wish to acquire it. It willentitle the Overseas Citizen of India to visit the country at any time for any length of time and for any purpose.

An Overseas Citizen of India will not enjoy the following rights even if resident inIndia: (i) the right to vote, (ii) the right to hold the offices of President, Vice-President, Judge of Supreme Court and High Court, Member of Lok sabha, RajyaSabha, Legislative Assembly or Council, (iii) appointment to Public Services(Government Service). Also Overseas Citizens of India are not eligible for an inner line permit, they have to apply for a Protected area permit if they want to visit certainareas in India.


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NRI PIO PIO Card holder OCIWhat benefitsone is entitledto?

All benefitsasavailable toIndiancitizensubjecttonotificationissued bytheGovernment fromtime totime.

No specific benefits.

(1)Shall not require a separatevisa to visit India. (2) Will

be exempt from therequirements of registration if his/ her stay on any singlevisit in India does not exceed180 days.(3) In the event of continuousstay in India exceeding 180days, he/she shall have to gethimself/herself registeredwithin 30 days of the expiryof 180 days with the concernedFRRO/FRO.(4) Parity with NRIs in respectof all facilities available to thelater in the economic,financial andeducational fields excepts inmaters relating to theacquisition of agricultural/

plantation properties. No parityshall be allowed in the sphereof

political rights.

(1)A multiple entrymultipurpose life longvisa for visiting India.(2)Exemption fromregistration with local

police authority for anylength of stay in India.(3)Parity with nonresident Indians (NRIs) inrespect of economicsfinancial and educationalfields except in relation tothe acquisition of agricultural or plantation

properties. No parity shall be allowed in the sphere of political rights.Any other benefit to OCIswill be notified by theMinistry of OverseasIndian Affairs (MOIA)under section 7B (1) of the Citizenship Act 1955.

Doeshe/she

requirevisa forvisitingIndia?

No Yes and of specific

typedependingon his /her

purpose of visit.

Can visit India without visafor 15 year from the date of

issue of PIO card.

Can visit India withoutvisa for life long.

Whatactivitiescan beundertaken inIndia?

Allactivities

Activity asspecified inthe visa

All activities exceptmountaineering,missionary and researchwork and existing PAP/RAP which require specific

permit.

All activities exceptmountaineering,missionary and researchwork and existing PAP/RAP which requirespecific permit


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Various Schemes/FeaturesNRI Accounts NRIs/OCBs (Overseas Commercial Bodies) can open the following types of

accounts with banks in India, which hold authorised dealer licences, as also other banks, specifically authorised by the Reserve Bank to maintain accounts in thenames of NRIs/OCBs.

Rupee Accounts:-1. Non-Resident (Ordinary) Account - NRO A/c.2. Non-Resident (External) Rupee Account - NRE A/c.3. Non-Resident (Non-Repatriable) - [(NRNR) discontinued since 01/04/2002]4. Non-Resident (Special) Rupee - [(NRSR) discontinued since 01/04/2002]

Foreign Currency Accounts:-· Non-Resident (Foreign Currency) Account - FCNR A/c.

(in Pounds, Sterling, US Dollars, Japanese Yen and Euro).A person, resident in India, who is earning foreign exchange, is also permitted tomaintain a Foreign Currency account in India with an authorised dealer bank, to theextent of 50% of such foreign exchange earnings, under the Exchange Earners

Foreign Currency Account (EEFC) Scheme.Q: What are the special features of each account?The special features are as under:

NRO A/c.: The funds, standing to the credit of this account, cannot be repatriatedoutside India in foreign exchange, without prior permission of the Reserve Bank of India. Interest, earned on these accounts, is, however, eligible for repatriation outsideIndia, net of Indian taxes. The remittance of interest (net of taxes) will be permitted

by the authorised dealer, where the account is maintained, if the account holder makes an application to the authorised dealer, in the prescribed form. No RBI

permission is required for remittance of interest.

NRE A/c.: The funds, standing to the credit of this account, as well as interest earnedthereon, are remittable outside India in free foreign exchange, without permission of the RBI. The interest income is not subject to Indian Income-tax. Credits to theaccounts should be in the form of remittance in foreign exchange from outside India,as well as other funds, which are eligible to be remitted outside India, in free foreignexchange. Funds, emanating from local sources, are not eligible to be credited tothese accounts, unless these funds are otherwise remittable outside India, in terms of the existing Exchange Control Regulations.

FCNR A/c.: These accounts can be opened in four foreign currencies:· Pounds Sterling;· US Dollars;· Japanese Yen;· Euro.

For the purpose of opening an account, remittance in foreign exchange, in the samecurrency, should be received in India. The accounts can be opened only as fixeddeposits, with a minimum maturity of one year and, a maximum maturity of threeyears. The principal, as well as interest, earned on these accounts, is remittableoutside India, in the same currency or, in other convertible currency, as desired by


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the account holder. The interest, earned on these deposits, is exempt from IndianIncome-tax.

Know IndiaProgram

Earlier known as Internship Programme for Diaspora Youth (IPDY), it is a three-week internship programme for diaspora youth conducted by the Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs with a view to promote awareness on India, its socio-culturaldiversity, its all round development, its emergence as an economic powerhouse, it

being a centre of higher education and the ongoing developments in various fieldsincluding infrastructure, Information technology etc.

Pravasi BhartiyaDivas

As per the recommendation of High Level Committee on Indian Diaspora (HLCID),the Government of India decided to celebrate ‘Pravasi Bharatiya Divas’ inrecognition and appreciation of the constructive, economic and philanthropic role

played by the Indian Diaspora, on the 9th day of January every year. January 9 has been chosen because it was on this day that Mahatma Gandhi, a Pravasi Bharatiya inSouth Africa for almost 2 decades, returned to India in 1915.Key Outcomes of PBD 20081) Prime Minister’s Global Advisory Council of People of Indian Origin2) India Development Foundation – Empowerment of Rural Women3) Council for the Promotion of Overseas Employment4) India Diaspora Knowledge Network 5) PIO University6) Mini-PBD in different parts of the world

E-remittancegateway

Overseas Indians have limited choice of either using the fast but expensive facility or the economic but relatively slow facility to remit money back home. Keeping this inview, the ministry has partnered with the UTI bank to develop an integrated,universal, electronic remittance gateway that combines the virtues of economy,speed and convenience. The remittance gateway is targeted to be fully operational inthe GCC countries, to begin with by January 2007.

AAPI IndiaHealth Initiative

A MOU was signed with the American Association of Physicians of Indian Originduring the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas 2006. The main objective of the scheme is to

promote, establish and operate primary health care project through public private partnership with AAPI.

Pravasi BhartiyaBima Yojana

A compulsory Insurance Scheme for the emigrants going abroad for employmentknown as Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana (PBBY) 2003 came into force from25.12.2003. The PBBY, 2003 has now been upgraded as the Pravasi Bhartiya BimaYojana, 2006 to provide broader coverage to the emigrant workers. The PBBY, 2006has come into effect from 01.02.2006. The emigrant workers will now get aminimum insurance cover of Rs. 5 lakhs (instead of Rs. 2 lakhs) and the policy will

be for the entire period of employment contractPredepartureOrientation &SkillDevelopment

The scheme of Pre Departure Orientation & Awareness programme for workers andskill upgradation of Indian Workers is started by the Ministry of Overseas IndianAffairs to impart orientation training and to upgrade the skills of Indian Workersintended to go abroad to give them competitive edge over the workers from other countries

ScholarshipProgram forDiasporaChildren (SPDC)

Under the proposed Scholarship Scheme, Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs(MOIA) provides 100 scholarships to Indian students each year starting from 2006-07. The students are selected on the basis of an entrance test conducted by M/sEducational Consultants India Limited (Ed.CIL), an autonomous body under MHRDwith whom the Ministry is working on a partnership basis


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DASA Scheme DASA stands for Direct Admission to Students Abroad . This Government of Indiahas designated the Educational Consultants of India Limited (Ed.CIL) as thecoordinating agency for carrying on the DASA Scheme. Under this scheme,deserving foreign nationals/ Persons of Indian Origins (PIOs) and Non-ResidentIndians (NRIs) are given direct admission to undergraduate Programmes offered bythe National Institutes of Technology and other centrally funded institutes (other thanIITs) and Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh .

New Scheme forDeserted IndianWomen

The objective of the scheme is to provide some financial assistance to needy womenin distress who have been deserted by their overseas Indian spouses for obtainingcounseling and legal services. The term “Overseas Indian” would include NRIs andforeign citizens of Indian origin. The counseling and legal services would be

provided through credible Indian Women’s Organizations/Indian CommunityAssociations and NGOs identified for providing such services and empanelled withthe Indian Missions in the USA, the UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and theGulf. The scheme is a welfare measure to support women of Indian origin indistress, through the mobilization of the local Indian community in the endeavor andwith some financial assistance from the Government.

PIO University Indian Government has approved a policy framework to establish a NRI/PIOUniversity in India in the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) as a Deemed University de-novo under Section 3 of the UGC Act as an Institution of Excellence

Trace YourRoots Program

A program which helps members of the Diaspora to establish the identity of their ancestral villages & to re-establish the social link that was snapped in the distant

past. It works through interactive mode by developing a database through aquestionnaire, transmission of the data to the administrative unit in the relevantdistrict in India.

Indian Diaspora in Various ContriesIndians in UK According to the April 2001 UK National Census. There are 1,051,800 people of

Indian origin in the UK. Hindus comprise 45% of the population, Sikhs 29%,Muslims 13%, and Christians nearly 5%. 2005 Estimates state 2.41% of England's

population as being Indian (not inc. Mixed race) which is around 1,215, Followingcontinuous trend (including those of mixed Indian ancestry), in 2008 there are likelyto be well over 1,600,000 Indian people in the UK.

Indians inAustralia

The total number of student visa's granted to Indian students for the year 2006-2007were 34,136 a significant rise from 2002-2003 when 7,603 student visa's weregranted Indian students. Many in the community are Hindu and Sikh, while therealso smaller number of Christians and Muslims. Their are about 260,000 Indiansliving in Australia

Indians inMiddle East/Gulf

There is a huge population of Indians in the Middle East, most coming from Keralaand other south Indian states, especially in the oil rich countries neighboring thePersian Gulf. Most moved to the Gulf after the oil boom to work as labourers and for clerical jobs. Indians - all foreigners, in fact - in the Gulf do not normally becomecitizens however. They retain their Indian passports since most of the countries in theGulf do not provide citizenship or permanent residency. One of the major reasonswhy Indians like to work in the Gulf is because it provides incomes many times over for the same type of job back in India and its geographical proximity to India. TheIndian Diaspora makes up a good proportion of the working class in the GCC. In2005, about 40% of the population in the United Arab Emirates were of Indian


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descent.Indians inMauritius

Outside of India itself, Mauritius is the only country where people of Indian Originform the vast majority (not including Guyana, Trinidad & Tobago where Afro-Trinidadiand and Indo-Trinidadians have equal populations, or Fiji where the Indo-Fijians once formed the majority but not today). The people are known as Indo-Mauritians, and form about 70% of the population. The majority of them are Hindu(77%) and significant groups are Muslims (22%).

Indians in SouthAfrica

Most Asians in South Africa are descended from indentured Indian labourers whowere brought by the British from India in the 19th century, mostly to work in what isnow the province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). The rest are descended from Indiantraders who migrated to South Africa at around the same time, many from theGujarat area. The city of Durban, has the largest Asian population in sub-SaharanAfrica, and the Indian independence leader Mahatma Gandhi worked as a lawyer inthe city in the early 1900s. South Africa in fact has got the largest population of

people of Indian descent outside of India in the world ie: born in South Africa andnot migrated, compared to the U.S. Most of them are fourth to fifth generationdescent. They mainly belong to the Hindu (the largest) and Muslim religiousgroupings. Most of them speak English as a first language (due to the British rule of the Natal colony), although some elders do speak Indian languages as a firstlanguage.

Indians in E.Africa

Indian migration to the modern countries of Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania startednearly a century ago when these were part of British East Africa. Most of thesemigrants were of Gujarati or Punjabi origin. Indian-led businesses were (or are) the

backbone of the economies of these countries. After independence from Britain inthe 1960s, the majority of Asians, as they were known, moved out or were forced outfrom these countries. Most of them moved to Britain, or India, or other popular destinations like the USA and Canada.

Indians in theCarribean

From 1838 to 1917, over half a million Indians from the former British Raj or BritishIndia, were brought to the British West Indies as indentured servants to address thedemand for labour following the abolition of slavery. Indo-Caribbeans are the largestethnic group in Guyana, Suriname, and Trinidad.

Few FamousNRIs

Amartya Sen, Lord Swaraj Paul, Vinod Khosla, Laxmi Mittal, Salman Rushdie,Sabir Bhatia & Zubin Mehta (Musician, Conductor).

Indians in theHouse of Lords

Due to the contributions & influence of British Indians, a number of them have beennominated or elected in the house of lords like Lord Swaraj Paul, Bhikhu Parkekh(political scientist), Navnit Dholakia (politician), Khalid Hameed (Doctor) amongothers.

RelatedAbbreviations

ECR- Emigration Check RequiredFIPB- Foreign Investment Promotion BoardKIP- Know India ProgrammeMEA- Ministry of External AffairsMHA- Ministry of Home AffairsMOIA- Ministry of Overseas Indian AffairsOCB- Overseas Corporate BodyOCI- Overseas Citizenship of IndiaPBD- Pravasi Bharatiya DivasJCI- Joint Commission International

Girimata Girmitias as people of Indian Origin taken as indentured labourers in ships by the


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Countries British during the colonial times like Mauritius, Trinidad & Tobago, Guyana,Surinam, Fiji, South Africa & Jamaica.

Problems NRIsface in India

Following are the problems1. Sea change in the work culture2. Lack of infrastructure3. Bureaucratic hurdles.4. Lack of technology.

Fields whereNRIs haveexcelled

NRIs have excelled in Information Technology, Medical sciences, Engineering,Academics & Trade & Commerce. We have examples of Vinod Khosla, KhalidHameed, Hinduja Brothers, Salman Rushdie, N.C. Choudhary, V S Naipaul, Prof Amartya Sen etc.

Fields in whichIndians are mostwanted

Indians are wanted as both skilled & unskilled labour in the field of IT, Medicalscience, Egnineering, Teaching, Scientific research & as plumbers & labour.

Effort by GoI forNRIs

It includes measures like1. Relaxation in Stay period2. Special Treatment in Investment in different fields3. Special treatment in interest payment.4. Both Rupee & Foreign Currency Accounts.5. Reservation in Education institutes for Diaspora Children.

NRIsContribution toIndias Devp

NRIs have not only contributed in economic liberalization by investing in India butthey also play important role as pressure groups in International forum & inupgrading bilateral relations between various countries.

ReverseMigration

Indians abroad are returning home, and offering the country a "brain gain" that couldhelp solve some of India's crushing social problems. Drawn by a booming economy,in which outsourcing is playing a crucial role, and the money to buy the lifestyle theyhad in America/Europe, Indians are returning in large numbers

Gulf Remittances Worldwide, remittances reached $318 billion in 2007. India topped the list of recipients with $27 billion, followed by China with $25.7 billion and Mexico with$25 billion. More than 70 % of the remittances come from Gulf countries.Interestingly, India received the highest inbound remittances with only 22 millionnon-resident Indians, while there are about 40 million Chinese residing outsideChina. This was primarily due to the social and family structure in India.


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Ghanshyam Thori Geography of India

Ghanshyam Thori Geography of India1

Geography of India

Physical Divisions· Why are the Aravallis called a divide between Mewar & Marwar? (10 Marks)

Drainage· Why do rivers of west coast do not form delta? (10 Marks)· Describe the characteristics of the rivers of peninsular India? (10 Marks)

Climate & Monsoons:· Explain how the Himalayan & Tibetan Highlands play an important role in the development of the

South-West monsoon. (10 Marks)· Discuss the distribution of winds & rainfall over India in the summer monsoon season. (10 Marks)· Explain the causes of Indian monsoon. (10 Marks)· Had there been no Himalayas, what would have been the winter climate in North India? (10 Marks)· Mention the agro-climatic regions of India stating the basis of classification. (10 Marks)

Soils – Soil Erosion· What is wasteland? Write a note on prospects of waste land development in India. (10 Marks)

Vegetation· What are mangroves & in what way are they useful to us? (10 Marks)

Road-Railways-Waterways-Air Transport· Technological changes have brought in a major shift in the use of roads as transport corridors in India.

How far do you agree with this view? (10 Marks)·

What is Golden Quadrilateral? How will it help in the economic development of the country?

Population Geography· State four distinctive stages of Indian Demographic history. (10 Marks)

Settlements:· Explain the nature & causes of growing slum problems in metropolitan cities of India. (10 Marks)

Agriculture, Livestock & Fishery· Blue revolution has definite advantages in India but it is not free from environmental impacts. Discuss.· Give an account of the Tea Plantations of Assam & West Bengal & state the economic significance of

these plantations. (10 Marks)

Industry:· Account for the very high concentration of salt extraction in industries in the Saurasthra & South

Tamilnadu coast. (10 Marks)

Resources


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· What are the resource base available for the economic development of the newly created states of Jharkhand & Uttaranchal? (10 Marks)

· Examine the distribution of oil refineries in India. (10 Marks)

Tribes & Races· Explain the major racial groups of India. (10 Marks)

Energy· Bring out the prospects of development of alternative energy sources in India. (10 Marks)

Political/Regional Geography· Political boundary and regional boundaries need to be co-terminus. Do you agree? (10 Marks)· Define the concept of “Growth Centres” & evaluate its relevance in regional planning of India.

Miscellaneous· Elucidate the factors contributing to the growing need of water harvesting in India, both rural & urban.

2 Markers

Special Economic Zone Terai RegionInceptisols (2M) Areas of Shola Forest in IndiaCauses of Chambal ravines Who are Todas & where do they live.Jarawas (2 Marks) Four Principal Languages of Andaman &

Nicobar Island

UPSC2007

Indira Point

UPSC2003

MRTS? Where is it going on?Mixed Economy Petroleum Producing areas of India.Winter rains in India Jhum Cultivation – Processes &

Consequences New Moore Land Kaziranga National Park National Water Grid Census definition of urban places

UPSC2006

Hussain Sagar

UPSC2002

Khetri Copper ProjectRegurs El NinoKarewas Hirakud Project

Negative Impacts of ShiftingCultivation

Glacier

Causes of droughts in India Two Prominet left bank tributaries of Ganga

UPSC2005

Significance of Chilka Lake

UPSC2001

EquinoxEl Nino, La Nina & theMonsoon Rains

Linguistic Regions of India

The Sambhar Lake Nagarjunasagar ProjectThe Sunderbans Mango Showers

UPSC2004

Bombay High

UPSC2000

Multi Level Planning in India


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Sabarkantha & Banaskantha India’s Laterite Soils

Tribal Groups of IndiaGonds Largest tribe found in M.P., Jharkhand, A.P., Orissa & Maharashtra.Bhils M.P, Gujarat, Rajasthan, A.P., Karnataka, TripuraSanthals West Bengal, Bihar-Jharkhand & OrissaMinas Rajasthan & MP. Account for 50% tribal population of RajasthanOraons Bihar-Jharkhand, M.P.-Chattisgarh, Orissa, West Bengal & Maharashtra. Speak

Kurukh LanguageMundas Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Orissa, West Bengal & TripuraKhonds Orissa is mainland. Also found in Bihar, AP, MP, West Bengal.Tharu Uttaranchal & MPChenchu Andhra PradeshTodas Nilgiri Hills. Classic example of polyandry.Lahaula Himachal PradeshAdivasis Bastar district, ChattisgarhBadagas Nilgiri region, Tamil NaduBaiga M.P.Bakkarwals J & K Bhotias Uttaranchal, Sikkim & West BengalBhuia M.P.Birhors M.P., Chattisgarh, Jharkhand & OrissaGaddis Himachal PradeshGujjars J&K & Himachal Pradesh

Irula Tamil NaduKanikar Tamil NaduKatkari M.P.Kharia M.P.Khasa Jaunsar region, UttaranchalLahualas Lahual region, Himachal PradeshMoplahs Muslims of Malabar district, KeralaSabra M.P.Kol M.P. & MaharashtraKolam Andhra PradeshKotas Nilgiri Hills

Murias Bastar District, ChattisgarhUralis KeralaVarlis Maharashtra, Gujarat, Dadra & Nagar HaveliYurva Tamil NaduBadgis Rajmahal hills, Bihar. Belong to Negrito RaceGarasiya Rajasthan


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Nilgiri Region – Badagas, Todas, KotasTamil Nadu – Irula, Kanikar, Yurva (YIK) (Don’t Confuse with Varlis & Uralis).

Tribes of the North East & Andaman Nicobar1. Khasis Meghalaya & Tripura2. Mikirs Assam3. Kukis Manipur, Assam, Nagaland & Tripura4. Angami Nagaland5. Ao Nagaland6. Apatani Arunachal Pradesh7. Chutra Assam8. Garos Meghalaya & Assam9. Jaintia Meghalaya & Assam10. Sema Nagaland11. Lushai Mizoram & Tripura12. Lepchas Original Tribals of Sikkim13. Abors Arunachal Pradesh14. Chakma Tripura15. Chang A Naga tribe16. Gallong Tribe of Arunachal Pradesh

17. Jarawas Andaman & Nicobar. Negrito18. Onges Andaman & Nicobar. Negritos racial stock.19. Shompens Andaman & Nicobar. Belong to mongoloid stock like nicobarese

& inhabit Great Nicobar.20. Sentinelese Andaman & Nicobar. Inhabit sentinel island. Negrito21. Great

Andamanese Negrito

Command Area

Development (CAD)

The Command Area Development Programme (CADP) started in 1974-75 as a

Centrally Sponsored Scheme, envisaged execution of on-farm development workslike field channels, land levelling, field drains and conjunctive use of ground andsurface water; the introduction of Warabandi, or the rotational system of water distribution to ensure equitable and timely supply of water to each holding; andevolving and propagating crop patterns and water management practicesappropriate to each command area. Other ancilliary activities like construction of link roads, godowns and market centres, arrangements for supply of inputs andcredits, agricultural extension and development of ground water for conjunctive use


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are also taken up as part of the relevant sectoral programmes in the State PlanSocial Forestry The National Commission on Agriculture, Government of India, first used the term

‘social forestry’ in 1976. It was then that India embarked upon a social forestry project with the aim of taking the pressure off the forests and making use of allunused and fallow land. Government forest areas that are close to human settlementand have been degraded over the years due to human activities needed to beafforested. Trees were to be planted in and around agricultural fields. Plantation of trees along railway lines and roadsides, and river and canal banks were carried out.They were planted in village common land, Government wasteland and Panchayatland.Social forestry scheme can be categorized into groups: farm forestry, communityforestry, extension forestry and agro-forestry.

1. Farm forestryAt present in almost all the countries where social forestry programmes have beentaken up, both commercial and non commercial farm forestry is being promoted inone form or the other. Individual farmers are being encouraged to plant trees on

their own farmland to meet the domestic needs of the family. In many areas thistradition of growing trees on the farmland already exists. Non-commercial farmforestry is the main thrust of most of the social forestry projects in the countrytoday. It is not always necessary that the farmer grows trees for fuel wood, but veryoften they are interested in growing trees without any economic motive. They maywant it to provide shade for the agricultural crops; as wind shelters; soilconservation or to use wasteland.2. Community forestryAnother scheme taken up under the social forestry programme, is the raising of trees on community land and not on private land as in farm forestry. All these

programmes aim to provide for the entire community and not for any individual.

The government has the responsibility of providing seedlings, fertilizer but thecommunity has to take responsibility of protecting the trees. Some communitiesmanage the plantations sensibly and in a sustainable manner so that the villagecontinues to benefit. Some others took advantage and sold the timber for a short-term individual profit. Common land being everyone’s land is very easy to exploit.Over the last 20 years, large-scale planting of Eucalyptus, as a fast growing exotic,has occurred in India, making it a part of the drive to reforest the subcontinent, andcreate an adequate supply of timber for rural communities under the augur of ‘social forestry’.3. Extension forestryPlanting of trees on the sides of roads, canals and railways, along with planting on

wastelands is known as ‘extension’ forestry, increasing the boundaries of forests.Under this project there has been creation a of wood lots in the village commonlands, government wastelands and panchayat lands.Schemes for afforesting degraded government forests that are close to villages are

being carried out all over the country.4. Agro- forestryPlanting of trees on and around agricultural boundaries, and on marginal, privatelands, in combination with agricultural crops is known as agro-forestry.

http://www.edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/forestry/agro.htmhttp://www.edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/forestry/agro.htm


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Social forestry, schemes that have been started all over the country have made aconsiderable difference in overall forest cover in a short time.


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Ghanshyam Thori Indian History & Culture

Ghanshyam Thori Indian History & Culture1

Indian History & CultureSocio-Religious Reforms – Socities

· What was the character of the socio-religious reforms in the 19 th century & how did they contribute tothe national awakening in India? (30 Marks).

· Write a note on Theosophical Society (15 Marks).· How did the movement for liberation of women receive a great stimulus from the rise & growth of the

nationalist movement in India?· Who established Arya Samaj? What was its goal? (15 Marks).

British Administration:· What in your opinion are the positive steps taken by the British to modernize India. (30 marks).· Examine the policy of Subordinate Union towards Princely States. Account for the shift from the

policy of Subordinate Isolation (30 Marks).· Discuss the major regulations enacted by the British Rulers to curb the freedom of Press in India (30

Marks).· What administrative changes were introduced after 1858? What were the objectives of these changes?

(30 Marks).

Committees:· Discuss the main findings of the Hartog Committee (15 Marks).· What was the Butler Committee Report? Discuss the reactions on the report in India. (30 Marks).

Uprisings:· Discuss the character of the major tribal uprisings in the British India in the 19 th Century. (15 Marks).

Character of the Indian Freedom Movement.·

Characterize the main features of Indian Renaissance. (15 Marks).· What was the attitude of the Indian Industrialists towards the Indian National Congress in the pre-independent era?

· The crisis of the colonial order during 1919 & 1939 was directly linked to the constitutional reforms,disillusionment and militant anti-colonial struggles. Elucidate (30 Marks).

· Why & how did the Congress come to accept the partition of the country (15 Marks).· Bring out the ideological basis of the Moderate Extremist divide in the Indian National Congress (15

Marks).· Discuss the main objectives of the Indian National movement upto 1905. What were its basic

weakness during this period? (30 Marks).

Specific Freedom Movements/Events (Pre 1940)· Do you think Mahatma Gandhi’s support to Khilafat Movement had diluted his secular credentials?

Give your arguemtn based on assessment of events. (15 Marks).· Form a critical assessment of the Non-Cooperation Movement (30 Marks).· Who led the Partition of Bengal in 1905 (15 Marks).· Trace the growth of Indian Home Rule Movement in Britain (15 Marks).


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· Discuss the aims and objects of the Khilafat Movement. To what extent was it successful? (15 Marks).· Why did Gandhi launch the Salt Satyagraha in 1930 & with what results? (15 Marks).· Trace the origin of Swadeshi Movement. How did it involve the masses? (30 Marks).

Specific Freedom Movements/Events (Post 1940)· Evaluate the attitudes of different political parties towards Quit India Movement. (15 Marks)· Why did Jinnah reject the C.R. Formula? (30 Marks).· Review the “Dickie Bird Plan”. (15 Marks).· What was Mountatten Plan? Discuss the reactions of Gandhi & Azad to the plan. (30 Marks).

Various Acts passed under British Rule· What are the salient feautures of the Government of India Acts of 1858 & 1909? (15 Marks).· How did the Government of India Act 1935 mark a point of no return in the history of constitutional

development in India? (30 Marks).·

In the Montagu-Chelmsford report communal representation & reservations were not only retained butconsiderably extended. Comment. (15 Marks).· The reforms of 1909 introduced a cardinal problem & ground of controversy at every revision of the

Indian electoral system”. Comment (30 Marks).· What administrative changes were introduced after 1858? What were the objectives of these changes?

(30 Marks).

Revolutionaries· Evaluate the contribution of revolutionary terrorism represented by Bhagat Singh to the cause of

India’s struggle for independence.· Where did tettorist movement gather strength in countries other than India?

Leader Specific Question· Regardless of distance in time, there were lots of similarities between Lord Curzon and Jawahar Lal

Nehru. Discuss. (30 Marks).· Critically assess Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru’s view on Indian Nationalism.· Evaluate Subhash Candra Bose’s Contribution to India’s Freedom.· The Mainstay of Mahatma Gandhi’s Movement was rural India. Elucidate. (15 Marks).

Post Independence Developments· Discuss the problems that impeded the integration of the princely states into the Indian Union. How

were these problems tackled? (30 Marks).· Was Jawahar Lal Nehru Justified in adopting the principle of non alignment as the cornerstone of

India’s foreign policy? (15 Marks).


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2 Markers of Previous Years:

2007 2006 2005 2004Sangam Literature Kalhana Yajnavalkya Smriti UpanishadsBhakti Panini Sutta Pitaka Canjeevaram Natrajan

AnnaduraiAshtadhyayi of Panini Yakshagana Bhagwati Sutra VajrayanaCharvakas Natyashastra Gangaikonda Cholapuram JadongAjivikas Tabaqat-i-Nasiri Nizamudin Aulia KumarasambhavaGandhara Art Madhura Vijayam Raidas Jadunath Sarkar Mlechchhas Pandurang Mahatmya Calcutta Madrasa RazmnamaLingayats Prithviraj Raso Jagat Seth Nazir HasanR.C. Dutt “The Insider” Bhawani Mandir Mirza Haidar

Nagarjunakonda Ali Sardar Jafri Baba Ram Chandra Subhash GuptePastoralism Aruna Roy Pandita Ramabai Muhammad BarkatullahRudramadevi Dr. J.C. Daniel Sir Thomas Roe Acharya NirmalyaSati Balwant Gargi Moplah Rebellion Sohan Singh BakhnaRamanuja Dr. Jayant Narlikar Tavernier Jyotirao PhuleMegasthenese Shashi Tharoor Darul-Uloom Alluri Sitaramaraju

2003 2002 2001 2000Arthashastra Anandmath Aryabhatta BrahmaguptaSarnath Pillar Keshab Chandra Sen Gopi Krishna Sangam LiteratureJatiya Sarkar of Tamiluk Bismillah Khan D.K. Karve Amir KhusroPunnapra-Vayalar Nivedita Pupul Jaykar Gandhara School of ArtSajjad Zahir Chris Evert J. Krishnamurthy Sayyid AhmadAl-Hilal Pele Mohammad Iqbal William JonesHar Dayal Chamber of Princes Prarthana Samaj Granth SahibKhudai Khidmatgar Raidasa Jaydeva C.F. Andrews

Mahayana Cult Dharma Sabha Ghadar Party Fort William CollegeW.W. Hunter Satyagraha T. Prakasam Naryana GuruIndu Lal Yajnik Divide-et-Impera Satyashodhak Samaj EpsomAcchut Patwardhan Dandi March Champaran Satyagraha Tantia TopeSir William Jones Garry Kasparov Jamnalal Bajaj Lala AmarnathJames Wilson Steffi Graf Ali Brothers Margaret Noble


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Ghulam-Giri Theodore Beck Banabhatta Tiger Woods

Cultural TermsAjivikas An ascetic sect that emerged in India about the same time as Buddhism and

Jainism. It was founded by Goshala Maskariputra (also called GosalaMakkhaliputta), a friend of Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara The Ajivikas believedthat transmigration of the human soul was determined by a precise and non-

personal cosmic principle called Niyati (destiny or fate) and was completelyindependent of the person's actions. They are believed to have been strict fatalists,who did not believe in karma or the possibility of free will.

Mahayana Cult The fourth Buddhist council in Kashmir under Kanishka marked the beginning of Mahayana cult of Buddhism. The arising of the Mahayana school of Buddhismwent together with the adoption of new sutras, and introduced new philosophiessuch as the Bodhisattva and having the intention of liberating all sentient beings.Mahayana itself never groups itself with the previously existing schools, andgroups all the earlier schools together under the name Hinayana.

Pali Canon orTipitaka

The Pali Canon is the standard scripture collection of the Theravada Buddhisttradition, as preserved in the Pali language. The Canon was written down from oraltradition at the occasion of the Fourth Buddhist Council (in the usual Theravadanumbering). The Pali Canon falls into three general categories, called pitaka(piṭaka, basket) in Pali. Because of this, the canon is traditionally known as theTipitaka (Tipi ṭaka; three baskets).The three pitakas are as follows.Vinaya Pitaka , dealing with rules for monks and nunsSutta Pitaka , discourses, mostly ascribed to the Buddha, but some to disciplesAbhidhamma Pitaka , variously described as philosophy, psychology, metaphysicsetc.

Dhammapada The Dhammapada (P āli, sometimes translated as Path of the Dharma. Also PrakritDhamapada, Sanskrit Dharmapada) is a Buddhist scripture, containing 423 versesin 26 categories. According to tradition, these are verses spoken by the Buddha onvarious occasions, most of which deal with ethics. A fourth or fifth centurycommentary attributed to Buddhaghosa includes 305 stories which give context tothe verses.The Dhammapada is a popular section of the P āli Tipitaka and is considered one of the most important pieces of Theravada literature.


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Mahavamsa is a historical poem written in the P āli language, of the kings of Sri Lanka.Atthakatha Atthakatha] refers to Pali-language Theravadin Buddhist commentaries to the

canonical Theravadin Tipitaka. These commentaries give the traditionalinterpretations of the scriptures.

Jataka Folk tale about 550 births of Buddha before he was finally born as Buddha. Theword most specifically refers to a text division of the Pali Canon of TheravadaBuddhism, included in the Khuddaka Nikaya of the Sutta Pitaka.

Theravada Theravada (literally means “The teaching of the Elders”) is the oldest survivingBuddhist school and for many centuries has been the predominant religion of SriLanka

Hinayana Literally means the low vehicle" o

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