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CSA Week 9
Overview
We will briefly cover:Layered architectureNetwork addressing
CSA Week 9
Layered Architecture - Protocols
ProtocolsThe format or structure of the messageThe method by which networking devices share
information about pathways with other networksHow and when error and system messages are
passed between devicesThe setup and termination of data transfer
sessions
CSA Week 9
Layered Architecture
CSA Week 9
Layered Architecture
Web server and Web browser interactionHttpTCPIPEthernet
Layered architecture is used to visualize interaction of many different protocols
CSA Week 9
Layered Architecture
CSA Week 9
Layered Architecture- OSI Model
CSA Week 9
Layered Architecture Help in design of complex, multiuse, multi-vendors networks
Assists in protocol design, because protocols that operate at a specific layer have defined information that they act upon and a defined interface to the layers above and below
Fosters competition because products from different vendors can work together
Prevents technology or capability changes in one layer from affecting other layers above and below
Provides a common language to describe networking functions and capabilities
CSA Week 9
Layered Architecture- OSI Model
CSA Week 9
OSI Model Data Encapsulation
Segment
Packet
Frame
Bits
CSA Week 9
Layered Architecture- OSI Model Application Layer
provides the interface to the user and the rules for communication between applications the Application layer protocols implemented on the source and destination host must match
Presentation Coding and conversion of Application layer data to ensure that data from the source device can be
interpreted by the appropriate application on the destination device. Compression of the data in a manner that can be decompressed by the destination device Encryption of the data for transmission and the decryption of data upon receipt by the destination
Session create and maintain dialogs between source and destination applications
Transport Enables multiple applications to communicate over the network at the same time on a single device -
port numbers Ensures that, if required, all the data is received reliably and in order by the correct application Employs error handling mechanisms TCP, UDP
CSA Week 9
Layered Architecture- OSI Model
Network Enables devices to reach each other
Logical addressing Routing IPv4, IPv6, Novell IPX, AppleTalk
Data Link To prepare Network layer packets for transmission and to control access to the physical media Controls how data is placed onto the media and is received from the media using techniques
such as media access control and error detection
Physical To encode the binary digits that represent Data Link layer frames into signals and to transmit
and receive these signals across the physical media provides the means to transport across the network media the bits that make up a Data Link
layer frame to create the electrical, optical, or microwave signal that represents the bits in each frame
CSA Week 9
Layered Architecture- OSI Model
CSA Week 9
TCP/IP Model
CSA Week 9
Applications
The Interface Between Human and Data Networks
applications provide the means for generating and receiving data that
can be transported on the network
CSA Week 9
Applications
CSA Week 9
Applications
CSA Week 9
Domain Name System
Resolving DNS addresses
CSA Week 9
DNS
CSA Week 9
CSA Week 9
WWW Services and HTTP
CSA Week 9
WWW Services and HTTP
CSA Week 9
WWW Services and HTTP
CSA Week 9
E-mail and SMTP/POP Protocols
CSA Week 9
E-mail and SMTP/POP Protocols
CSA Week 9
E-mail and SMTP/POP Protocols
CSA Week 9
Telnet
Remote connection Used in examining and managing networks
CSA Week 9
Server Message Block (SMB)
SMB protocol is used in supporting file sharing in Microsoft-based networks
CSA Week 9
Transport Layer Role and Services
CSA Week 9
Transport Layer Role and ServicesUDP TCP
CSA Week 9
Network Layer and Internet Protocol (IP)
CSA Week 9
IPv4 protocol
CSA Week 9
Network Addressing
A way to identify and locate the source and destination Physical addressing
network interface has a physical address assigned to it when it is manufactured
the Media Access Control (MAC) address 48-bit address space : 01-23-45-67-89-ab, 01:23:45:67:89:ab,
0123.4567.89ab (hexadecimal format)
Logical addressing An IP address is assigned to the Network interface connection for a host 32 binary into four 8 bytes each octet is presented as its decimal value, separated by a decimal point
or period 192.168.1.1
CSA Week 9
Physical Addressing
CSA Week 9
Physical Addressing
CSA Week 9
Logical (IP) Addressing
CSA Week 9
IP Addressing –Hierarchical
CSA Week 9
IP Addressing –Subnet Mask
Differentiate network and host part of an IP address
32 bits long1s represent the network portion and 0’s
represents host portion192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
CSA Week 9
IP Addressing –Subnet Mask
CSA Week 9
IP Address Classes
CSA Week 9
IP Address –Private Addresses
CSA Week 9
Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast
Hosts can use IP addresses to communicate one-to-one (unicast)one-to-many (multicast) one-to-all (broadcast)
CSA Week 9
Unicast
CSA Week 9
Broadcast
CSA Week 9
Multicast
CSA Week 9
Static IP Address Assignment
network administrator must manually configure the network information for a host
CSA Week 9
Dynamic IP Address Assignment
IP addresses assigned automatically using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
CSA Week 9
IPv6
128-bit hierarchical addressing - to expand addressing capabilities
Header format simplification - to improve packet handling Improved support for extensions and options - for
increased scalability/longevity and improved packet handling
Flow labelling capability - as QoS mechanisms Authentication and privacy capabilities - to integrate
security