CS38010

Professional Issues in Software Engineering

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CS38010CS38010 IntroductionIntroduction

– Course StructureCourse Structure– BookBook– Examination and AssignmentExamination and Assignment

OrganisationsOrganisations

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Course StructureCourse Structure– 20 Lectures20 Lectures– OrganisationsOrganisations– Business TypesBusiness Types– Sales and MarketingSales and Marketing– Business Plan, Business Plan,

Profit/LossProfit/Loss CashflowCashflow Balance SheetsBalance Sheets

– Law, Trade Unions, Employment IssuesLaw, Trade Unions, Employment Issues– Mostly taught by Rhys ParryMostly taught by Rhys Parry– Six lectures by Frank BottSix lectures by Frank Bott

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Course BooksCourse Books

– Will be on WebsiteWill be on Website– Books by Frank BottBooks by Frank Bott– Well worth readingWell worth reading

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Examination and AssignmentExamination and Assignment

Examination on part of module – law, IPR, Examination on part of module – law, IPR, ethics, chartered engineers, sustainability ethics, chartered engineers, sustainability etc.etc.

Assignment – Business plan with emphasis Assignment – Business plan with emphasis on financial aspects.on financial aspects.

So what is business?So what is business? DiscussDiscuss

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OrganisationsOrganisations

What are they?What are they?

Commercial Commercial versusversus Non- Non-CommercialCommercial

Legal ConsiderationsLegal Considerations

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OrganisationsOrganisations

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Commercial OrganisationsCommercial Organisations Sole TraderSole Trader

– Local Shop, PlumberLocal Shop, Plumber

PartnershipPartnership– Doctors, Lawyers, AccountantsDoctors, Lawyers, Accountants

Limited CompanyLimited Company– Private or PublicPrivate or Public

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Sole Trader (Not SOUL trader!!)Sole Trader (Not SOUL trader!!) IndividualIndividual

– Sole person responsible for all debtsSole person responsible for all debts– All assets including “private” at riskAll assets including “private” at risk– Can register for VATCan register for VAT– Has to register for Inland Revenue/Social Has to register for Inland Revenue/Social

SecuritySecurity– Simplified BookkeepingSimplified Bookkeeping– Does NOT have to be the only employeeDoes NOT have to be the only employee

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PartnershipPartnership Two or More PeopleTwo or More People All at Risk. Similar to sole trader but >1 personAll at Risk. Similar to sole trader but >1 person Normally professionalsNormally professionals

– DoctorsDoctors– LawyersLawyers– AccountantsAccountants

Inflexible in Normal Commercial WorldInflexible in Normal Commercial World– Movement of key PersonnelMovement of key Personnel– Too riskyToo risky

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IncorporatedIncorporated Law recognises individualsLaw recognises individuals

– Responsible for actions (except by youth mental Responsible for actions (except by youth mental incapacity or registered student)incapacity or registered student)

– Enter into contractsEnter into contracts– Tried for crimesTried for crimes– SuedSued– Act of Parliament impose duties on the individualAct of Parliament impose duties on the individual

IncorporationIncorporation– Making into a body (Making into a body (CorpusCorpus))

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OrganisationsOrganisations IncorporatedIncorporated

– Royal Charters – IET, BCS, IMechE, RAeSRoyal Charters – IET, BCS, IMechE, RAeS

– Acts of Parliament – Ceredigion County CouncilActs of Parliament – Ceredigion County Council

– Public or Private Companies (Companies Act Public or Private Companies (Companies Act 1985 and 1989)1985 and 1989)

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CompaniesCompanies Public or Private CompaniesPublic or Private Companies

– Public – Public Limited Company (PLC)Public – Public Limited Company (PLC) Trades shares to publicTrades shares to public Issued Share capital >= £50,000Issued Share capital >= £50,000

– Private – Company Limited (Co Ltd)Private – Company Limited (Co Ltd) Cannot sell shares to PublicCannot sell shares to Public Can sell shares privatelyCan sell shares privately Limited by SharesLimited by Shares

– Commercial CompaniesCommercial Companies Limited by GuaranteeLimited by Guarantee

– Charities, Professional BodiesCharities, Professional Bodies (Unlimited Companies)(Unlimited Companies)

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Companies (Contd)Companies (Contd) Independent ExistenceIndependent Existence Divided Divided

– ShareholdersShareholders– Or Members of the Or Members of the

CompanyCompany

Normally > 1 Normally > 1 shareholdershareholder

1992 Act allows single 1992 Act allows single membermember