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CS101 Introduction of computing

Virtualians Social Network www.virtualians.pk Prepared by: Irfan Khan

SOC101- Introduction To Sociology Solved Subjective and Objective For

Final Term Exam Preparation by Virtualians Social Network

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

____________ Perspective argues that social stratification benefits some people at the

expense of others.

►

Social conflict

►

Structural-Functional

►

Symbolic-Interaction

►

Functionalist


___________ Functions are recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern.

►

Latent

►

Manifest

►

Dysfunctions

►

None of the given options


________ is an act of moving from one social class to another.



►

Social mobility

►

Social stratification

►

Inter-class mobility

►

Economic mobility

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____________ is a social group of two or more people, related by blood and marriage who

usually live together.

►

Tribe

►

Family

►

Clan

►

Kinship


________ is a form of marriage uniting one male and two or more females.

►

Polygamy

►

Polyandry

►

Polygyny

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►

Group marriage


___________ is the first and most influential setting for socialization.

►

Peer group

►

School

►

Religion

►

Family


____________ stratification refers to society’s unequal distribution of wealth, power and

privilege between men and women.

►

Caste

►

Class

►

Gender

►

Power


The government of Pakistan, pursuing the policy of Education for All (EFA), expects that by

___________ all children will complete their primary education.



►

2010

►

2020

►

2015

►

2025


Erving Goffman uses the term ___________ which refers to attributes that discredit people.

►

Stigma

►

Degradation ceremony

►

Deviant ritual

►

Secondary identity


The CBR refers to ___________.

►

Child birth rate

►

Crude baby rate

►

Child birth ratio



►

Crude birth rate


According to 1998 Population Census of Pakistan, __________ percent of the population

was of children under 15 years.

►

42

►

43

►

45

►

44



The population growth rate (PGR) of the world was __________ percent in 2002.

►

1.3

►

1.4

►

1.6

►

3.1


The ________ is “Crude” because it does not take into account the risk of having births.




►

CBR

►

CDR

►

Mortality

►

None of the given options


__________ is the study of interaction of living organisms and the natural environment.

►

Neurology

►

Biology

►

Ecology

►

Anthropology



________ is the transfer of cultural traits from one place or group to another.

►

Inventions

►

Discovery

►

Diffusion

► Creation




Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 )

In Karl Marx idea of class and conflict those who earn their living by selling their labor

called ____________.

In modern industrial societies, factories, offices, machinery and the wealth or capital needed to buy

them have become more important. The two main classes are those who own these new means of

production – the industrialists or capitalists called as Bourgeoisie (boorzhwahze) – and those who

earn their living by selling their labor to them – the property-less working class called as

proletariat.


_ Stereotypes _is an exaggerated description applied to every person in same category.


_ Endogamy _ is the practice of mate selection from the same social category.


According to _ Functionalists _view inequality is a product of the traditional division in

human societies.


In 1798 _ Malthus _ published an Essay on the “Principle of Population”.


Davis and Moore view that social stratification has beneficial consequences for the operation

of a society.

►

True

►

False

Answer……..pg 60


Counter culture is cultural pattern that strongly opposes the widely accepted patterns within

a society.



►

True

►

False


In a global perspective, the United States spends more on schooling than almost anywhere

else.

►

True

►

False


Pakistan had a population of 148.6 million in 2006.

►

True

►

False


The concept of cultural lag was given by William F. Ogburn.

►

True

►

False


Briefly describe the major components of Karl Marx theory of class and conflict.

Answer……….pg 56


The amount of movement up and down the class structure would indicate the extent of

social mobility prevalent in the society. Enlist three main factors that affect mobility?

(1+1+1)



1. Structural factors

2. Individual factors

3. Differential fertility by social class


In pre-industrial societies, gaining economic assistance and economic security in the

process. Enlist any three residential patterns present in the industrial society. (1+1+1)

1. Patrilocal: A residential pattern in which a married couple lives with or near the husband’s

family.

2. Matrilocal: A residential pattern in which a married couple lives with or near the wife’s

family.

3. Neolocal: A residential pattern in which a married couple lives apart from the parents of both

the spouses.


Peer group is the one, whose members have interests, social position and age in common.

Keeping in view the above mentioned statement how peer group influence your personality.

Answer ……. Pg35


How institution of school is imparting its role to create social integration?

Schooling helps forge a mass of people into a unified society. This integrative function is

especially important in nations with pronounced social diversity, where various cultures know little

about – or may even be hostile to – one another. A basic way schools integrate culturally diverse

people is by teaching a common language that encourages broad communication and builds a

national identity.



According to Weber, social stratification is not simply a matter of class but it also shaped by

two other aspects: status and power. How you as a sociologist see the relevance of these two

concepts of stratification in the society? (5+5)

Pg ………. 58

Status in Weber’s theory refers to differences between social groups in the social honor or

prestige they are accorded by others. Presently status is being expressed through people’s styles of




life. Markers and symbols of status—such as housing, dress, manner of speech, occupation – all

help to shape an individual’s social standing in the eyes of others. People sharing the same status

form a community in which there is a sense of shared identity.

While Marx believed that status distinctions are the result of class divisions in society, Weber

argued that status often varies independently of class divisions. Possession of wealth normally

tends to confer high status, but there are many exceptions. Olympic gold medalists, for example,

may not own property, yet they may have very high prestige. Property and prestige is not one way

street: although property can bring prestige, prestige can also bring property.

Power, the third element of social class, is the ability to control others, even against their wishes.

Weber agreed with Marx that property is a major source of power, but he added that it is not the

only source.

With time, industrial societies witness the growth of the bureaucratic state. This expansion of

government and other types of formal organizations means that power gains importance in the

stratification system.

Party formation is an important aspect of power, and can influence stratification independently of

class and status. Party defines a group of individuals who work together because they have

common backgrounds, aims or interests. Party can be influenced by class but can also influence the

economic circumstance of party members and thereby their class. Party membership cuts across

class differences. There are parties based on religious affiliations and nationalist ideals and may

include the ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’. There could also be groups possessing effective political

power without economic leverage (military, trade union). Therefore inequality could there due to

political power.


Family performs several functions. In fact family has been considered as “The backbone of

society”. Explain any two functions of family that are fundamental for Pakistani society?

(5+5)

Answer ……… pg 68

Values, beliefs, norms, language, and ideas are __________ part of the culture.

Tangible

Intangible

Psychological

Social



The family perpetuates social inequality, according to the:

Social-conflict approach

Social-exchange approach

Structural-functional approach

Symbolic-interaction approach

Cultural patterns those are widespread among a society’s population are known as

__________.

Ideal culture

Real culture

High culture

Popular culture

Some studies have shown some correlation between increases in female criminality

with:

Women violence

Women equality

Women employment

The movement for women’s liberation

In 1973 who gave Control theory?

Robert k Merton

W. Reckless



Ceasare Lombroso

Emile Durkhiem

Formal, impersonal, segmental and utilitarian are all characteristics of which one of the

following?

The Secondary Group

The play group

In- group

The peer group

Social patterns that are directed by cultural values and norms are known as _________.

Ideal culture

Real culture

Norms

Behavior

Which has been increasing its influence in the socialization process because of extended

school attendance?

School teachers

Reference groups

Peer groups (doubted)

Religious leaders



In which of the following class there is usually limited education and perform routine

jobs under close supervision?

Feudal

Lower class

Middle class

Upper class

The recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern are known as _________.

Manifest functions

Latent functions

Social functions

Dysfunctions

Which one of the following is not included in theories of Biological explanations of

deviance?

Body type

XYY’ theory

Intelligence

Personality disorders

Which of the following includes our internalized morality, ideas of right and wrong,

reluctance to violate religious principles?


Stigma

Inner control system

Outer control system



Wright Mills claimed that the "sociological imagination" transform in:

Scientific research into common sense

People into supporters of the status quo

Common sense into laws of society (doubted)

Personal problems into public issues

Which of the following are functions of deviance noted by Emile Durkheim?

Responding to deviance promotes social unity.

Responding to deviance clarifies moral boundaries.

Deviance affirms cultural values and norms.

All of the given options

Understanding of sub-cultures, cultural norms and expectations are all part of:

Play stage

Game stage

Generalized other

Significant others

Which of the following is the source of profit, in which capitalists are able to put for

their own use?

Surplus value

Natural resources

Consumption



Means of production

Family and marriage is a ___________ feature of all the cultures.

Variable

Universal

Transmitted

Social

Which one of the following provides the first learning situation?

Family

Social group

Peer group

Reference group


Manifest functions

Latent functions

Social functions

Dysfunctions

Learning that helps a person to achieve a desired position is called as ___________.

Socialization

Hidden curriculum

Anticipatory socialization



Interaction

In which of the following perspective there is a general emphasis on the crucial

contribution of patriarchy (male domination) to gender inequalities?

Functional perspective

Conflict perspective

Interactionist perspective

Feminist perspective

Which concept refers to a social group with only two members?

A bond

A primary group

A dyad

A triad

Being able to evaluate oneself from the perspective of several significant others is

known as __________ stage.

Generalized Other

Me

Play

Game

Which of the following view depict that family’s support the concentration of wealth

and reproduce the class structure in each succeeding generation?



Structural functional

Social Conflict (doubted)

Symbolic interaction


Ali is a four year child, he is hungry but he does not know how to take food. Which of

the following process will involve in getting his food?

Sharing

Variability

Transmitting

Learning

Schools informally convey other lessons to students which is known as _____________.

Socialization

Hidden curriculum

Learning

Interaction

Pollution leading to physical harm/death, and there are side effects of drugs as well as

contraceptives. Such crimes are often seen as:

Crimes of the powerful

Complaint-less

Organized crime

Corporate crime



Thinking of society as a living organism in which each part of the organism contributes

to its survival is a reflection of which theoretical perspective?

Conflict

The functionalist (doubted)

The symbolic-interactionist


Which one of the following is recognized as founder of sociology?

Auguste Comte

Herbert Spencer

Emile Durkhiem

Talcotte Parson

Which one of the following gives the concept of “looking glass self” the process by

which a sense of self develops?

G. H. Mead

G. Summner

Sigmund Freud

C.H Cooley

The idea that poverty is caused by shortcomings in the poor themselves is called:

Select correct option:

The culture of poverty

Relative poverty*

Absolute poverty

Feminization of poverty



Which of the following is present at birth, making a new born bundle of demands for attention, touching, and food?


Ego

Id*

Superego

Instinct

Why some groups are called as "primary groups"?


They are usually the people most important in our lives

They have primary importance in the socialization process

They are among the first groups we experience in life*


The form of marriage in which a person may have several spouses in his or her life but only one spouse at a time is

referred to as:


Monogamy

Serial monogamy

Polygamy*

Polyandry

Weber claimed that class divisions derive not only from control or lack of control of the means of production,

another element also affects it which is:


Social pressure*

Economic differences

Political pressure

Cultural factors

In which of the following method people are asked their social class whom they belong to:


Subjective*

Objective

Reputational

Status

Which of the following function of schooling is especially important in nations with pronounced social diversity,

where various cultures know little about or may even be hostile to one another?


Acculturation

Integrative function*

Innovative function

Manifest function

In incest taboo usually marriages prohibited in which of the following kin?


Parents, grandparents, aunts, uncles, siblings*

Uncles, cousins, aunts, friend

Relatives, friends, grandparents,

Siblings, cousins, aunts, friend



In Pakistani society people are ranked in upper, middle and lower classes, this ranking of society shows:


Class system

Caste system

Social stratification*

Ranking system

Which of the following influences an individual’s ‘life chances?’


Advertisement

Market position

Social power*

Prestige

Acts of suicide bombers is an example of:


Relativity of deviance*

Cultural relativity of crime

Cultural differences

Social experiences

The replicability of the phenomenon is essential for repeating the observation, it is ____________ characteristic of

scientific method.


Cumulative

Self correcting

Verifiable*

Empirical

Which of the following is NOT the cause of poverty, but its consequence?


Deferred gratification*

Culture of poverty

Social mobility

Immediate gratification

Which concept refers to a social group with only two members?


A bond

A primary group

A dyad*

A triad

1) Science can be defined as:

(i) Belief based on a society's traditions

(ii) Belief based on faith in ultimate truth

(iii) A logical system that bases knowledge on direct,systematic observation

(iv) A logical system that bases truth on political goal

2) Caste system prevails in:



(i) Modern society

(ii) Traditional society

(iii) Barbarian society

(iv) Nomadic society

3) The process of creating new cultural elements out of the existing elements is known as:

(i) Diffusion

(ii) Discovery

(iii) Materialism

(iv) Invention

4) Which one of the following gives the concept of “looking glass self” the process by which

a sense of self develops?

(i) G. H. Mead

(ii) G. Summner

(iii) Sigmund Freud

(iv) C.H Cooley

5) Relations in formal organizations are mostly:

(i) Secondary

(ii) Primary

(iii) Intense

(iv) Loyal

6) Small social group whose members share personal and enduring relationships are

known as:

(i) A primary group

(ii) A secondary group

(iii) An instrumental group

(iv )An expressive group

7) The ability to control others, even against their wishes is known as:

(i) Status

(ii) Prestige

(iii) Power

(iv) Class

8) Max Weber (1864-1920) built his approach to stratification on the analysis developed

by:

(i) Karl Marx

(ii) August Comte

(iii) Talcotte Parson

(iv) Robert K Merton

9) A person playing baseball treats members of the other team as:

(i) Unique individuals



(ii) People who don’t know him/her

(iii) Generalized others

(iv) People with unique roles

10) In which of the following class there is usually limited education and perform routine

jobs under close supervision?

(i) Feudal

(ii) Lower class

(iii) Middle class

(iv) Upper class

11) A statement of how and why specific facts are related is known as:

(i) Theory

(ii) Hypothesis

(iii) variable

(iv) Concept

12) Middle Adulthood covers the period from:

(i) 35 to 40 yrs

(ii) 30 to 40 yrs

(iii) 45 to 55 yrs

(iv) 40 to 60 yrs

13) Most people join ______________ organizations for making a living.

(i) Coercive

(ii) Utilitarian

(iii) Normative

(iv) Voluntary

14) The socially defined expectations that a person in a given status follows are called:

(i) A performance

(ii) A position

(iii) A role

(iv) An impression

15) Mugging, rape, burglary are the crimes which are mostly committed by which body

type people?

(i) Squarish

(ii) Fat

(Iii) Thin

(iv) Tall

Today solved Quiz No.02 SOC101 - Introduction to Sociology

Which one of the following is not included in theories of Biological explanations of deviance?



Body type

XYY’ theory

Intelligence


Which of the following includes our internalized morality, ideas of right and wrong, reluctance to violate

religious principles?


Stigma

Inner control system


Wright Mills claimed that the "sociological imagination" transform in:

Scientific research into common sense

People into supporters of the status quo

Common sense into laws of society (doubted)

Personal problems into public issues



Which of the following are functions of deviance noted by Emile Durkheim?

Responding to deviance promotes social unity.

Responding to deviance clarifies moral boundaries.

Deviance affirms cultural values and norms.


Understanding of sub-cultures, cultural norms and expectations are all part of:

Play stage

Game stage

Generalized other

Significant others

Which of the following is the source of profit, in which capitalists are able to put for their own use?

Surplus value



Natural resources

Consumption

Means of production

Family and marriage is a ___________ feature of all the cultures.

Variable

Universal

Transmitted

Social

Which one of the following provides the first learning situation?

Family

Social group

Peer group

Reference group




Manifest functions

Latent functions

Social functions

Dysfunctions

Learning that helps a person to achieve a desired position is called as ___________.

Socialization

Hidden curriculum

Anticipatory socialization

Interaction

Proper dress, appropriate greetings, and common courtesy are all examples of:


Values

Norms

Folkways

Mores



Which of the following term is used to describe a process of preparing and collecting data?


Data collection

Analysis

Research process

Hypothesis

In Karl Marx's analysis, another name for the capitalist class is the:


Bourgeoisie

Aristocracy

Nobility

Proletariat

Attributes that discredit people are known as:


Deviance

Labeling

Stigma

Crime

A person's overall position in society is called:


Achieved status

Ascribed status

Master status

Status set



According to the policy of Education for All (EFA) government expects that by year

__________ all children will complete primary education.


2050

2010

2015

2020

According to the conflict theorists the double exploitation of capitalism lies in:


Paying high wages to female labor and no wages at all for male work

Paying low wages to male labor and no wages at all for female work

Paying high wages to male labor and no wages at all for female work

All of these are the reasons of double exploitation

one of the following is NOT included in theories of Biological explanations of deviance?


Body type

XYY’ theory

Intelligence


Crimes committed by persons of high social status and respectability in the course of their

occupation are known as:


Organized crime

Corporate crime

White collar crime



Street crime

Vandalism, senseless violent crimes are examples of:


Innovation

Ritualism

Retreatism

Rebellion/

Which one of the following is NOT a part of the provision of learning situations?


The provision of learning situations

The provision of guidance

Biological determinism/

Controlling the behavior

The series of major events, the stages of our lives from birth to death called:


Life history

Life course/

Life expectancy

Life socialization

, rape, burglary are the crimes which are mostly committed by which body type people?




Squarish/

Fat

Thin

Which of the following includes our internalized morality, ideas of right and wrong, reluctance

to violate religious principles?



Stigma

Inner control system/


In which stage of life course people attempt to evaluate the past and come to terms with what lies

ahead?


Middle adulthood/ confusion.

Early adulthood

Late adulthood

Middle age

Documents

CS101 Introduction of computingapi.ning.com/files/G1Wl3V1oZWbLboMTaicnjJx7LCAtvrlz0tUsCja2YoRD… · CS101 Introduction of computing ... The government of Pakistan, ... Family and