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CS 185C: The History of ComputingOctober 3 Class Meeting
Department of Computer ScienceSan Jose State University
Fall 2011Instructor: Ron Mak
www.cs.sjsu.edu/~mak
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
2
IEEE Global History Network Create your topic!
Create in the appropriate category and subcategory Send me the URL by this Friday, Sept. 30
Initial contents (not all needs to be done by Friday) Object of your historical research
Architecture (hardware or software), computer system, application, methodology, biography, company, etc.
What do you want to discover from your research What questions do you want answered
Outline of your research plan Proposed source materials
museum artifacts, interviews, email exchanges with project advisors, etc. Rough timeline
Online experts Ask specific questions Get suggestions and comments
_
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
3
IEEE Global History Network
Include the following text “I’m a student in the History of Computing class at San Jose State
University ( http://www.cs.sjsu.edu/~mak/CS185C/ ). This is a work in progress that will turn into a final article by the end of the semester. I welcome your comments and advice!”
Otherwise other IEEE members may try to edit your article.
Post frequent updates to your article. Drafts of your report Blog of your research activities
The blog can end up as an appendix to your final report._
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
4
Computer History Museum Archives
When doing your research, be sure to take advantage of the archives of the Computer History Museum:
http://www.computerhistory.org/explore/
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
5
Bitsavers
Archive of computer software and manuals http://www.bitsavers.org/
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
6
SIMH
Software simulations of historic computer systems http://simh.trailing-edge.com/
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
7
Short Oral Presentations
Short oral presentation of your research project 10 minutes
Object of your historical research What do you want to discover from your research What questions do you want answered
5 minutes Q & A
To be scheduled ...
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
8
The Very First Video Game
“Tennis for Two” Created in 1958 by William Higinbotham to entertain visitors to
the Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York. See http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/history/higinbotham.asp
Oscilloscope display of a gravity-controlled ball on a tennis court.
Analog computer plus two game controllers
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
9
“SpaceWar!”
Many of the first video games were programmed by students on university computers. Computer time was expensive, so the games were developed
and played surreptitiously, and many were never saved.
“SpaceWar!” Programmed by MIT student
Steve Russell on a DEC PDP-1in 1961
http://spacewar.oversigma.com/
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
10
Early Arcade Game
“Galaxy Game,” Stanford University, 1971 DEC PDP-11/20 Only one was built
See it at theComputer History Museum
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
11
Pong
Ping-pong game originally released by Atari in 1972 Created by Allan Alcorn First commercially successful
video game Started the video game
industry
http://playerschoicegames.com/2011/05/12/pong/
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
12
Allan Alcorn
Speaker Wednesday, Oct. 5 in auditorium ENGR 189 “Video Games as a Driver of Computing Technology”
Reception before the talk in ENGR 294 Creator of Pong Led the development of
the Atari Video Computer System(later renamed the Atari 2600)
Fellow at Apple Computer Pioneering work on the
MPEG standard and QuickTime
1977
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
13
First Video Game Console
Ralph Baer and a colleague created “Chase,” the first video game to display on a standard TV set in 1966 Released to the public as the Magnavox Odyssey in 1972 Received the National Medal of Technology in 2006 in honor of his
“groundbreaking and pioneering creation, development and commercialization of interactive video games.”
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
14
Atari
Founded by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney in 1972 Soon hired Allan Alcorn as their first design engineer Initially created and distributed arcade games Atari VCS (Video Computer System) in 1977,
renamed the Atari 2600
Sold to Warner Communications in 1976 Bushnell fired in 1978 1980: Atari 800 and the smaller Atari 400 1982: Atari 5200 1983: Video game industry crashes
Atari 5200
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
15
Atari, cont’d
Sold to Jack Tramiel in 1984 Founder of Commodore 1985: Atari ST
personal computer
Division of Hasbro,1998-2001
Name sold to Infogames, whichrenames itself Atari,2001
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
16
History’s Top 10 Video Game Consoles
1. 1977: Atari 26002. 1985: Nintendo NES3. 1989: Sega Genesis4. 1995: Sony PlayStation5. 2000: Sony PlayStation 26. 2001: Nintendo Game Cube7. 2001: Microsoft Xbox8. 2005: Microsoft Xbox 3609. 2006: Sony PlayStation 310. 2006: Nintendo Wii
See http://www.thegameconsole.com/
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
17
Nintendo
Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), 1980
Game Boy, 1989
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
18
Sega
Released its first video game console, the SG 1000, in 1982
Released the Sega Genesis in 1989
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
19
Sony
Original PlayStation released in 1994.
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
20
Microsoft
Microsoft Xbox released 2001
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
21
Types of Video Games
Adventure initially text-based
Role playing games (RPG) Fighting/martial arts/gory violence Shooting
online multiplayer games Maze Racing/driving Realtime strategy
online multiplayer games Simulation Online gambling
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
22
Early Video Game Highlights
“Pac-Man” released by Namco in Japan, 1980 See http://www.thepcmanwebsite.com/media/pacman_flash/
“Donkey Kong” released by Nintendo, 1981 Created by Shigeru Miyamoto, famous game designer See http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhFV5-qbbIw and
www.fetchfido.co.uk/games/donkey_kong/donkey_kong.htm
“Microsoft Flight Simulator,” 1982 See http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fmPHgojgpro
(Macintosh version) Developed by Bruce Artwick
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
23
Early Video Game Highlights, cont’d
“Tetris,” 1985 Developed by Russian mathematician Alexey Pajitnov See http://www.freetetris.org/game.php
“SimCity,” 1989 Designed by Will Wright
and released by Maxis Simulate building cities
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
24
Early Video Game Highlights, cont’d
Entertainment Software Rating Board, 1994
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
25
8 Video Game Myths Debunked
Henry Jenkins, MIT professor See http://www.pbs.org/kcts/videogamerevolution/impact/myths.html
1. The availability of video games has led to an epidemic of youth violence.
2. Scientific evidence links violent game play with youth aggression.
3. Children are the primary market for video games.
4. Almost no girls play computer games.
5. Because games are used to train soldiers to kill, they have the same impact on the kids who play them.
6. Video games are not a meaningful form of expression.
7. Video game play is socially isolating.
8. Video game play is desensitizing.
SJSU Dept. of Computer ScienceFall 2011: October 3
CS 185C: This History of Computing© R. Mak
26
The Future of Video Games?
Follow the evolution of television? Reality-based games Multiplayer games
massive shared online experiences
Cross promotions Corporate sponsorships More product placements Hit music singles played only during a game
Average age of video game players ... Approaching 30 More players in their senior years
http://www.pbs.org/kcts/videogamerevolution/impact/future.html