Crusoe - Marc Fleischmann

1CeBit, 24 March 2001, Hannover

CrusoeA Low-Power Microprocessor for the Internet Era

CeBit Corporate Lecture24 March 2001

Hannover, Germany

Marc FleischmannDirector of Software

CrusoeA Low-Power Microprocessor for the Internet Era

CeBit Corporate Lecture24 March 2001

Hannover, Germany

Marc FleischmannDirector of Software

Crusoe, LongRun and Code Morphingare trademarks of Transmeta Corp.Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II and Pentium IIIare registered trademarks of Intel Corp.


OverviewOverviewFrom Industrial Age to Internet Age

Industrial Age – Power abundanceInformation Age – Transistor abundanceInternet Age

New design imperative: From wasting watts and transistors towasting bandwidth and saving watts

The Microprocessor for the Internet Age - CrusoeIntegration, efficiency, compatibility, flexibilityMaximize energy efficiency!

Crusoe ApplicationsAnytime, Anywhere Internet computing (“waste bandwidth”)High-density computing servers (“save watts and transistors”)


Information AgeThe Laws of the PC Era in the 20th Century

Information AgeThe Laws of the PC Era in the 20th Century

Key Technology Driving FactorsAbundant power: Cheap & decentralized laborAbundant transistors: Cheap & decentralized processingScarce bandwidth: Processing gravitates towards network periphery

The Centrifugal Law of the Information AgePowerful general purpose computers in the network peripheryThe fall of IBM (mainframes, centralized processing)The rise of Microsoft and Intel (distributed processing)

Personal Computer defined computing model


All of This is About to ChangeAll of This is About to Change


Power: Abundant LimitedMobile Internet Computing Transforms the PC Market

Power: Abundant LimitedMobile Internet Computing Transforms the PC Market

Emergence of wireless connectivity increases importance of battery life

CapabilitiesCapabilities

Thin & lights andMini-Notebookswill be 65% of

market by 2002Thin & light

becoming even thinner:1-1.5” today

.85-1.25” in 2002Source: Intel 1999

Thin & lights andMini-Notebookswill be 65% of

market by 2002Thin & light

becoming even thinner:1-1.5” today

.85-1.25” in 2002Source: Intel 1999

User DemandsUser Demands

Ease of use93% say

their battery“doesn’t lastlong enough”

Portability82% say

their systems are“too heavy”Source: IDC 12/99

Ease of use93% say

their battery“doesn’t lastlong enough”

Portability82% say

their systems are“too heavy”Source: IDC 12/99

Internet Users(mls)

Projected Growth

1999-2002Source: Dataquest 3/99

Internet Users(mls)

Projected Growth

1999-2002Source: Dataquest 3/99

143%

0

100

200

300

400

'97 '97 '99 '01

GrowthGrowth


Transistors: Abundant LimitedPower Density - The Key Design Challenge

Transistors: Abundant LimitedPower Density - The Key Design Challenge

1000

i386 i486Pentium®

Pentium Pro®Pentium II®

Pentium III®SurpassedHot Plate

Not too long to reachNuclear ReactorW/cm2

100

10

10.07µ “Time”1.5µ 1µ 0.7µ 0.5µ 0.35µ 0.25µ 0.18µ 0.13µ 0.1µ

Source: Fred Pollack, Intel. New Microprocessor Challenges in the Coming Generations of CMOS Technologies, MICRO32


Bandwidth: Scarce AbundantDramatic Bandwidth Acceleration in the 21st CenturyBandwidth: Scarce Abundant

Dramatic Bandwidth Acceleration in the 21st Century

Bandwidth growth is now outpacing Moore's Law by a factor of 10 Bandwidth will substitute for transistorsNew computing paradigm will be based on the runaway expansion of bandwidth (land and air)

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Alohanet

Ethernet

100 MbsEthernet

GbEthernet

Fibre-opticsInfiniBand

8086

80286

80386

i486

Pentium

PProPII

PIII

IS-95A14.4 kB/s (voice)

UMTS95-HDR2.4 Mb/s

3G - CDMA384 kb/s

3G - CDMA153 kb/s

2.5G - IS-95B64 kB/s (packet)


The Internet AgeBandwidth Abundance Drives Digital Convergence

The Internet AgeBandwidth Abundance Drives Digital Convergence

Key Technology Driving FactorsPower constraints (wireless Internet access)Transistor constraints (power/heat density)Abundant bandwidth (“fiber”-sphere and 3G/UMTS wireless)

The Emerging Paradigm: Digital ConvergenceMoving beyond the PC stage of computing:

General purpose PCs and consumer electronics converge into network-oriented smart devices with corresponding new servicesService delivery bundled with Internet access (DSL)The rise of “calm computing” (computers retreat into background)Microprocessors become adaptable peripherals

Key properties of emerging microprocessors (and devices):Integration, efficiency, compatibility, flexibility!


How Does This Affect Microprocessor Design?

How Does This Affect Microprocessor Design?


The Internet ProcessorIntegration, Efficiency, Compatibility, Flexibility

The Internet ProcessorIntegration, Efficiency, Compatibility, Flexibility

“We are moving beyond either a PC-centric or TV-centric toa more network-centric future.” Teruaki Aoki, President Sony CE“We are moving beyond either a PC-centric or TV-centric to

a more network-centric future.” Teruaki Aoki, President Sony CE

Gateway

802.113G

xDSLCable

Microprocessors become an adaptable peripheral


Crusoe is the Sum of

= Code Morphing Software (CMS) +

VLIW Engine

• “Morphs” PC into VLIW Engine Translates x86 instructions into optimized VLIW molecules

• Learns and improves with time • Can evolve to new devices,

usage models and content types

• 128-bit Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW) processor

• Fewer transistors • “Lean and mean”

¾ + ¼

Integration

Efficiency

Compatibility

Flexibility

The Solution – CrusoeThe “Smart” Microprocessor

The Solution – CrusoeThe “Smart” Microprocessor


Maximize EfficiencyNo Hardware is the Best Low-Power Hardware

Maximize EfficiencyNo Hardware is the Best Low-Power Hardware

Power = (Capacitance × Voltage2 × Frequency)/2Power = (Capacitance × Voltage2 × Frequency)/2

Transmeta innovation -Code Morphing SoftwareEffect - replace millions oflogic transistors with software

… and transistors translate into capacitance

Benefit - significantly reduces power consumption (including 256 kB L2 cache)

73 mm2~140 mm2

CrusoePentium III


Maximize EfficiencyLongRun - Performance on DemandMaximize Efficiency

LongRun - Performance on Demand

Dynamically adapt both frequency and voltage to performance demands Mechanisms in hardware

Fully programmablePolicies in CMS

Adapt f to demandReduce v proportionallyCubic power savings!

0

2

4

6

SDR 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

DDR 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Core+NB 6.0 4.1 2.4 1.7 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9

Normal 12.5% 25.0% 37.5% 50.0% 62.5% 75.0% 87.5%

133 MHz, 3.3 V133 MHz, 2.5 V667 MHz, 1.6 V

Linear:I/O (DDR, SDRAM)

Cubic:Core + Northbridge

Power[W]

Power ∝ c × v2 × fPower ∝ c × v2 × f


The LongRun AdvantageDVD Playback – Performance on DemandThe LongRun Advantage

DVD Playback – Performance on Demand


The Crusoe AdvantageDVD Playback - Thermal ComparisonThe Crusoe AdvantageDVD Playback - Thermal Comparison

Conventional Mobile x86

Processor Crusoe TM5600 Processor

with LongRun 105.5º C 221.9º F 48.2º C 118.8º F Active thermal solution required Passive thermal solution

(Fan or overload protection) (No fan or overload protection)


How About the Platforms?How About the Platforms?


The Internet AgeIntegration, Efficiency, Compatibility, Flexibility

The Internet AgeIntegration, Efficiency, Compatibility, Flexibility

“We are moving beyond either a PC-centric or TV-centric toa more network-centric future.” Teruaki Aoki, President Sony CE“We are moving beyond either a PC-centric or TV-centric to

a more network-centric future.” Teruaki Aoki, President Sony CE

Gateway

802.113G

20 times more Internetservers by 2005

Sources: Forrester Research, Intel, Netcraft

US$[bil]

0

5

10

15

1999 2005

40 mio. Internet servers

2 mio. Internetservers

Internet

U.S.GDP

U.S.GDP xDSL

Cable

• Computational density drives server designs

• Computational density drives server designs

• The rise of calm computing

• The rise of calm computing


Sony Web-Broadcasting LaptopAnytime, Anywhere Internet Computing

Sony Web-Broadcasting LaptopAnytime, Anywhere Internet Computing

The Sony Crusoe laptop with a video camcorder attached to the side.Users can shoot and send video images to the Internet.

The video lens and display rotate 180 degrees.


Casio Cassiopeia FIVADigital Convergence: Windows + Linux + Multimedia

Casio Cassiopeia FIVADigital Convergence: Windows + Linux + Multimedia

Looks almost like an organizer6 hours battery live21 mm thin, 990 grams

Works like a full-featured PC6 hours battery live128 MB RAM, 20 GB diskEthernet, modem, USB, etc.

Acts like a multimedia deviceSwitch between

Windows: Office appsLinux: Multimedia machine


High-Density ComputingPower Density Drives Server Designs

High-Density ComputingPower Density Drives Server Designs

CPU power dissipation traditionally constrains computational densityCrusoe: Ultra low-power and low-heat allows to increase CPU packing density by 8xSystem benefits

Maximum computational densityLess total power consumptionLess heat generationLess weightSmaller footprint

Web Server Processing Blade Arrays

4 Companies very soonRebelFiberCycle NetworksAmphus ???


SummarySummaryPast century - Microcosm

Abundant power and transistors, scarce bandwidthThe centrifugal law of the Microcosm

General-purpose computers migrate to network periphery (PC’s)“Home electric motor” stage of computing

Next century - NetsphereAbundant bandwidth

Anytime, Anywhere Internet connectivity, and rise of calm computingNew fortunes in ever-changing transmutations of multimedia and wireless computing devices will dwarf yields of cable and cellular

People relate to things, not electric motors or PC’s!


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Crusoe - Marc Fleischmann