Crsm 4 2009 Peter Anker Rspg Towards An Eu Policy For Cognitive Radio

Towards an EU policy for CognitiveRadio?

Peter Anker

Brussels, 11 May 2009Joint Workshop on Cognitive Radio2

What is the RSPG and what is it doing on CR?

Radio Spectrum Policy GroupAdvisory body to the European Commission on Radio Spectrum Policy IssuesRepresentatives of the Member States and of the Commission

Workprogramme 20097 - Cognitive TechnologiesExpected result: Introduction of the issue to the European agenda


Objective of the workStrategic RSPG report

Is there a need for regulatory action to enable spectrum access for

cognitive radio?

What is Cognitive radio; Overview of various components of cognitive technologies (sensing the environment, information gathering, databases, cognitive pilot channel, learning capabilities etc.); A brief overview of the experiences and lessons in Europe and elsewhere with (pre) cognitive technologies;how cognitive technologies could operate in the various models for spectrum management; brief summary of the US framework for ‘whitespaces’ and the differences in the US and EU, including possible actions to ensure timely regulatory responses in EU;

identifies the challenging issues which require further attention.


Spectrum management: What is the problem?

Deliberately left unused forRadio Astronomy

Unused “white” spots


Three inefficiencies

1. Not all frequencies are used 2. New applications have to go to higher frequencies

“old” applications have a large part of the most attractive pieces of spectrum

3. Slow response to changes in market and technologyBuild-in resistance to change

Need for more dynamic access to spectrum

How to use these white spots?


• Medium Access Control:• How to coordinate multi-channel communication?

Problems with Dynamic Spectrum Access

• Sensing the opportunity:• How to detect when channels are free?

• Quality of Service for opportunistic user:• How long channels are going to be free?

• Interference to incumbent user:• How to avoid potential interference?

• Policies in channel access:• How to regulate spectrum access?


Mastering the hidden node problemNeed for cooperation

Sharing of spectrum sensing information among CRs+ Improves probability of detection

Channel needed to exchange sensing informationOverhead to exchange sensing information

Use of beacon transmittersNeed for a Cognitive supporting Pilot Channel· Dedicated (worldwide harmonized) channel?· Existing access technology

Database with local spectrum usageNeed for access to a databaseAwareness of location


Regulatory framework

License exempt white spot accessSmart radios are used with a build in techniques and rules (etiquettes)

to reduce interferenceEverybody can use the spectrum as long as the etiquettes are followed.

Market based accessWell defined exclusive rightsMaximum right of flexibility as to the type of services that can be

providedA market type mechanism such as an auction for an initial allocation of

spectrum rightsSecondary market in which these rights can be sold or leased


Access models

Market based access

licensee

Cognitive radio

licensee

Spotmarket

CR

licensee

Cognitive radio

OSA

CR CR

License exempt white spot access

What are the spectrum policy implications?


What regulatory problems are DSA systems facing?

Exclusive rights in most bandsRights restricted to a single service or technology

New technologies have to adapt to the history but do not fit in the current regime

However …There is no regulation that prevents the introduction of DSA systems


What needs to be done?More flexibility in the use of frequencies

More flexibility in the assignment of frequencies and trading thereof

Conditions for opportunistic spectrum accessSpectrum sensing limitTransmitter parameters

Additional means for information gathering on spectrum usagePilot channelDatabase


International regulations - Agenda WRC 20111.19 to consider regulatory measures and their relevance, in order to enable the introduction of software-defined radio and cognitive radio systems, based on the results of ITU-R studies, in accordance with Resolution 956 (WRC-07);

1.2 taking into account the ITU-R studies carried out in accordance with Resolution 951 (Rev.WRC-07), to take appropriate action with a view to enhancing the international regulatory framework;

Regulatory activities on European level


European activitiesMore flexibility in the use of spectrumRSPG Opinion on WAPECS RSPG05-102

Increasing use of market mechanismRSPG Opinion on Secondary Trading RSPG04-54

Preliminary CEPT Study on the Use of Cognitive Radio in the TV bandsBased on spectrum sensing (OSA)Amount of white space is limited

Tight broadcast planningTV band also used for Program Making and special Event ServicesHarmonised subband for fixed/mobile use


Opportunistic accessStrict rules needed to keep the interference to the primary users at an acceptable level

Such rules should promote fair sharing of spectrum resources among OSA devices

Possibly a database with information on primary use

No guarantee to spectrum accessLikelihood of interferenceLimited

Cooperation needed between regulators and standardization bodies to keep the rules up to dateNeed for a harmonized band to start the ball roling


Market based accessActive coordination between usersPossibility to earn money with unused spectrumPossibility for a spot market and long term contractsPossibility for distribution of access based on actual use

Can even be used to ease cross border coordinationSharing based on acceptable interference

QoS part of the negotiations

Well defined exclusive licenses granted to primary users or brokersAs few usage restrictions as possibleNo barriers to instant tradingElectronic information about ownershipand actual usage should be available


Today's radios are still based on the principles out of the time of the crystal radio

Huge potentials for an increased efficiencyFair distribution of access based on actual usage

More flexibility needed in both technology and regulations

Do not focus only on uncoordinated Opportunistic Spectrum Access

Need for cooperation

Concluding remarks

Documents

Crsm 4 2009 Peter Anker Rspg Towards An Eu Policy For Cognitive Radio