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PAIDBoston. MA

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Continuous '~Mews~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SevCeambridlge

Since 1881 M assachusetts

Volume 96. Number 27 Friday. July 30, 1976.. ;_! .............................

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The Tech Photo Editors TomKlimowicz and David Schallerexplore the world of professionalsports car racing withphotographs taken at Lime Rock,Connecticut on Memorial Day.

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The issue of biological researchhazards has become a subject offervent debate-among both scien-tists and the-general public. MarkJames' news analysis examinesthe complicated issues involved in.one aspect of the problem-recombinant DNA research andCambridge's moratorium.,

3~p1MIT's varied athletic programprovides many opportunities forparticipation. Editor-in-ChiefGlenn Brownstein relates theachievements of MIT's teamsover the last year.

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advised the Institute in May thatthe program's major laboratoryproject - design and construc-tion of a prototype inertialnavigation system - would notagree with national policy andsecurity objectives.

NTU will meet all costs incur-red during the program's 18months. Had it run the full twoyears, the TTP would have cost$917,000.

The infeasibility of changingTTP's focus after one year and ahalf led both contracting partiesto end the program, which hadbeen the subject of numerousprotests on campus in the pastyear.

Student opposition to theprogram stemmed from the fearthat the Taiwanese students,rather than using the inertialnavigation technology for in-dustriai purposes, would ber as-signed to build ballistic missilesthat would continue the prolifera-tion of nuclear weaponry.

Such protest came to a headthis spring when it was revealedthat all students involved in theprogram were connected with theChung Shan Institute, a militaryresearch center.

According to Dr. WallaceVanderVelde, Aero/Astro profes-sor and director of the TTP, "if infact the Taiwanese intended tolearn technology for strategic pur-

(Please turn to page 5)

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of which live in the human in-testine.

Scientists hope to use thisresearch to better understand thefunction of the components ofheredity, which may further theunderstanding of genetically-related diseases, especially cancer.

Also, it may be possible tomanufacture such substances asthe hormone insulin more easilyby inserting the genes for itsproduction into bacteria, whichcan be cultured cheaply in largenumbers.

Opponents of such researchargue that new and dangerouscombinations of genes may beproduced, which might cause newtypes of infections if the bacteriainvolved "escaped" thelaboratory containment.

The NIH guidelines define dif-ferent levels of containment -the protective measures taken toprevent the escape and survival ofexperimental microorganismsoutside the laboratory. PI corres-ponds to normal lab work; eachadditional level up to P4 adds ad-ditional safeguards.

The guidelines also specify thatthe organism receiving DNA beone that is unlikely to survive out-side the laboratory.

Several scientists at MIT have(Please turn to page 3)

By Mark JamesA three-month moratorium on

some types of recombinant DNAresearch declared by theCambridge City Council on July 7will have little effect on researchat MIT.

This "good faith" moratoriumprohibits research that is clas-sified in the P3 or P4 riskcategories by the National In-stitutes of Health (NIH)guidelines for the conduct ofrecombinant-DNA research.

According to Assistant to theChairman of the MIT Corpora-tion Walter Milne, there is noongoing research at MIT thatfalls under the P3 or P4 classifica-tion.

Milne said that MIT is "not ina position any different" than itwould be in if the city had takenno action. He said that steps tocertify compliance with the NIHguidelines for any new researchwould slow such work more thanthe moratorium would.

Recombinant DNA researchinvolves the insertion of segmentsof DNA, the basic hereditary sub-stance of cells, from one organisminto the DNA of anotherorganism. The most commonrecipient. organism is thebacterium E. Coli, many strains

A lot of planning is required foreach year's R/O week activities,as R/O chairman Al Minkreveals.

A computerized R/O?Munkacsy conmments.

By Mark JamesThe class of 1980 faces the

highest level of overcrowding inrecent history, even though it is 25students smaller than MIT'starget.

Between 100 and i115 freshmenabove the normal capacity of thehousing system will have to besqueezed in, according to Assis-tant Dean for Student AffairsKen Browning '66.

The predicted level ofovercrowding has been eased by

two factors: the smaller class size,and the formation of two new liv-ing groups - Alpha Delta Phiand the independent women's liv-ing group.

Browning said he was relievedby the improvements, but that thecrowding was still severe. "It'slike hitting your head with a ham-mer - when you stop doing it, itfeels good."

Director of Admissions PeterRichardson '48 told The Tech that

(Please turn to page 10)Science, to be supervised by asmall Steering Conmmittee oftenured professors from all MITSchools.

In its report, released lastmonth, the Sivin Committeepraised the Writing Program for"sound, well established concep-tions of writing instruction, ap-propriate for MIT," and at-tributed much of the controversysurrounding the Program'squired and a broad interpretationof guidelines for Distribution sub-jects.

Another Committee recom-mendation is to establish aResource Center to deal with

(Please tlurnl to page 2!

By Glenn BrownsteinaA faculty committee headed by

Professor Nathan Sivin appointedto evaluate MIT's WritingProgram has recommended thatthe Program be substantiallyreorganized and removed fromthe Humanities Department.

Calling it "unreasonable to ex-pect the Humanities Department,given its present circumstancesand priorities, to give strong andenthusiastic support to a programseeking to become an Institute-wide facility", the Committeerecommended that the revampedProgram be attached directly tothe office of the Dean of theSchool of Humanities and Social

By Glenn BrownsteirnThe controversial Technology

Training Program (TTP), aimedat teaching 15 Taiwanese studentsinertial navigation technology,was terminated on June 30 byagreement between MIT and theNational Taiwan University.

According to MIT Vice Presi-dent for Research Thomas F.Jones, the US State Depart-ment's Munitions Control Office

The M IT Athletic department hasbegun a search to fill the newly-created position of AssistantDirector of Athletics-Director ofWomen's Athletics.

. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;Two major earthquakes strucknear Peking Wednesday, causinggreat losses to people's life andproperty, the Chinese CommunistParty announced yesterday morn-ing. The shocks, measured. at 8.3on the Richter scale, the strongestearthquakes since the 1964Alaskan disaster, hit the cities ofPeking, Tsientsin and Tangshar,an area with a population of 15million. No specific casualtyreports have yet been made.

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The summer staff of The Techwho helped to put out this issueincludes: Thomas Athanasas,Deborah August, GlennBrownstein, Marcia Grabow,Mark James, Thomas Klimowicz,Richard Lamson, MarkMunkacsy, Brian Rehrig, DaveSchaller, John Shelton, MargoTsakanos, Leonard Tower Jr.,Rebecca Waring, MartinWeinstock, Lynn Yamada, PaulYen.

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Cambridge'DNA wAork ban 7 I? 50 .has small effectt MIT

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OUTSIDE

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After the transitional programis implemented next year, a new,permanent Steering Committeewill be appointed for 1977-78.The new administration will worktoward integrating the programwith more standard MIT cur-ricula, Hanham and Blackmersaid.

Despite rumors of severe staffcutbacks, the Program facultywill remail intact next year, withall professors and instructors hav-ing been rehired. The onlynoticeable effect of the budgetcutback will be the elimination ofthe teaching assistant program forat least one term.

Blackmer explained that ar-rangements could be made in thefall for reinstatement of the TAsetup in succeeding terms, but thatthe Sivin Keport raises two policyissues - one related to theprogram's possible separationfrom Humanities, and the otherwith setting up funds for aseminar for TA's.

Blackmer addressed the separa-tion issue by saying that he per-sonally disliked seeing theProgram leave the Department,but he added that "I'm not ter-ribly hopeful" as to the eventualoutcome. "Background, dif-ferences of understanding, andfundamental attitudes amongfaculty are not likely to change."

The conflicting attitudes offaculty in the Literature Sectionof the Department and those ofother areas, as well as the differ-ing opinions along junior-seniorfaculty lines, have been the cause

of much of the controversy sur-rounding the way writing coursesare now being taught and the cur-rent value of the Program.

Such attitudes range from de-mands for more rigor and higher-standards regarding correction ofstudent work, and a minimumpage-requirement for students inProgram courses, to total satisfac-tion with all teaching methodsused.

WhIile Hanham believes thatstatus differences betweenProgram and non-Programfaculty (tenure and title, for ex-

ample) have "exacerbated" theproblem, he still feels that the cur-rent-conflict of opinion is "good"and a "constant reminder thatthere's not just one way to dothings."

In a development related to theProgram, Blackmer noted thatalthough a resubmitted proposalto include a somewhat revamped"Writing and Experience" courseon the Humanities Distributionlist had been rejected, the Re-quirement Committee had ap-proved a new course, "The Short

(Please turn to page 4)

(C'nltinued/trom paFge !I .educational methods to"divergent views of priority inteaching" among different groupsof faculty within the department.

According to Dean HaroldHanham of the School ofHumanities and Social Sciences,and Associate Dean DonaldBlackmer, the School would haveserious reservations about runn-ing the Writing Programseparately from the HumanitiesDepartment.

As Blackmer puts it, "TheSchool's not set up to handleanother program by itself (asidefrom the Technology StudiesProgram) - we'll have to thinkvery hard about making theseparation."

Both deans explained thatwhile the report has been"received" by the Humanities ad-ministration, no action will betaken on any of' the committeeproposals until next fall.Blackrmer and Hanhamn did ex-plain that extensive plans havebeen completed for what is ex-pected to be a "transitional year"for the Writing Program beginn-ing next term.

Specifics of the transitionalprogramn were discussed with theWriting Program staff. well beforethe Sivin report came out. DavidBreakstone, a part-time instructorin the Program last year, hasagreed to serve as its acting direc-tor during the 1976-77 schoolyear.

_ B PAGE 2 THE TECH FRIDAY, JULY 30. 1976 ........ '

Silvin proposals to be discussed next fall"

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was originally motivated by adecision by Harvard to remodel asection of the BiologicalLaboratories building so that itcould be used for P3 research un-der the guidelines. TwoCambridge City Council meetingswere held in late June and earlyJuly on the subject, each of whichwas attended by more than 300persons.

Over 30 persons, includingscientists, lab workers, andrepresentatives of the Cambridgecommunity spoke at the hearings,expressing viewpoints on bothsides of the issue (See the accom-panying news analysis, page 13).

At the second of thesemeetings, the council voted five tofour to pass the moratorium.

There have been no officialtalks between MIT and theCambridge government concern-ing the moratorium, although in-formal discussion has occurred,according to Milne.

Board would "not be thetraditional political committee"composed of proponents and op-ponents to the research, and notinclude representatives from theuniversities.

Sullivan said he was still"becoming totally familiar withthe problem" and had not takenany action yet on appointingmembers to the committee. Hesaid that the membership wouldbe "intelligent, unbiased, andrational" residents of Cambridge.

Associate Professor of BiologyJonathan King, a supporter of themoratorium, said that the maineffect of the moratorium on MITwas to open up discussion. onbiohazards.

"It has forced biohazards tocome out of hiding" as an issue,according to King. He called theBiohazards Committee "a front"to cover up the real issues in-volved.

The discussion in Cambridge

(Continued fromn page 1)planned work which would fallunder the P3-classification, in-cluding Associate Professor ofBiology Phillip Sharp, American-Cancer Society Professor ofMicrobiology David Baltimore,and Associate Professor ofBiology David Housman.

Housman had planned researchon 'the isolation of particulargenes from mammals usingrecombinant techniques.

He said that this would havebeen only a small part of his.work, however. "None of us hasgone on vacation yet" because ofthe moratorium, he added.

The NIH guidelines, releasedJune 23, require that each univer-sity that plans recombinant DNAresearch set up a BiohazardsCommittee to oversee compliancewith the guidelines. Professor ofBiology Maurice Fox was ap-pointed chairman of the MITBiohazards Comm-ittee inJanuary, but several members ofthe committee were not appointeduntil this week and two are yet tobe appointed, according to Fox.

Fox said "'the committee has nointerface with the moratorium"since it is only concerned with en-forcing the NIH guidelines.

According to an MIT release is-sued Wednesday, the two remain-ing members will be a graduatestudent and an employee or staffmember from a lab wherebiohazards may exist.

In addition to the moratorium,the council approved a resolutioncalling on the City Manager ofCambridge to set up a CambridgeLaboratory ExperimentationReview Board. According to CityManager James L. Sullivan, the

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FRIDAY, -JULY 30, 1976 THE TECH_ -PAGE 3

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there. Ask some upperclassmanwho has been through it all andhe's sure to agree.

Another reason for waiting isthe fraternity rush. Back whenMf IT was Boston Tech, frater-nities were the only living groupsavailable. In all fairness, thefraternities must be given achance to let you compare themerits of a frat with those of adorm. Each has a lot to offer.

The second half of R/O week,academic orientation, actuallyhas an event on Friday before thePicnic. Fo~r those who choose to(by sending irn the reply card fromthe Handbook), you can meetwith an associate advisor andsome freshmen in small groups.These meetings will provide youwith a chance to ask a few ques-tions about academics and othersubjects. The big events, though,happen on Wednesday. First,there is core orientation, com-prised mostly of a series of shortpresentations by facultyrepresenting the differentacademia of MIT. Some of thecore orientation is reserved foranswering questions from theaudience. Immediately after coreorientation is the academic

(Please turn to page 12)

By Allan Mink(Al Mink is 1976 RIO chairman)1 ens and tens of thousands of

dollars, thousands and thousands ·of man-hours, close to a year'spreparation, and it's all for you, at -R/O '76.

Each of you is unique, with dif-ferent lifestyles, outlooks, and ex-pectations. MIT is not your run-of-the-mill school either. Nodoubt that is why many of you'have chosen it. The two goals ofR/O are:

1. To help you select your liv-ing group and your classes, and

2. To have one of the besttimes of your life.

Although this article will dealmainly with the first of these, donot forget that R/0 '76 was plan-.ned for your enjoyment as well as,for your introduction to the'Tute. Rt/O `76 is the product ofabout a decade's evolution. In its.earliest form, Residence/Orienta-.tion resembled the classical orien-'tation. There were few activitiesthe week was shorter, and a rush,from the dormitory system wasunheard of. Perhaps the reasonwhy R/O has changed so muchstems from its structure. From theperson in charge of the entireweek to the people stuffing

envelopes, the program is almostentirely run by MIT students. Inaddition, most of the studentshelping are Sophomores whohave just been through the lastR/O and have plenty of ideas andenthusiasm.

All of this preparation is madeto help you with you two deci-sions about the fall term; where tolive and what courses to take.RjO week is broken downphysically into two parts, with-emphasis from Friday (3) throughMonday (6) placed uponresidence selection. The latterpart of the week stresses academicorientation. Parties, shows, andother events are interjectedthroughout the whole 10 days.

Invariably, there are some newstudents who write and ask whyFreshmen are not allowed tochoose their living groups duringthe summer. After all, who everheard of deciding upon yourfuture address in just three days.However, there are several goodreasons for waiting. First, 3 daysare better than none. Althoughthe residence book and the rushmaterials make it possible to seewhat a building looks like, it isvery difficult to convey the"flavor" of the people living

transferred under the jurisdictionof the Writing Program.

As Hanharn puts it, there is awide spectrum of writing talentamong M IT undergraduates,moving from "the foreign studentproblem, especially Chinese witha very different grammaticalstructure to master, throughdyslexics, through people who gotthrough high school on 'talk andnumbers', through people whowrite very well.

"Studies have shown that col-leges with compulsory writingprograms don't get a measurableimprovement in students' writing.It's one thing to require, andanother to motivate," Hanhamsaid.

Hanham and Blackmer bothfelt that although there areproblems to be ironed out, theProgram has been successful.

"The WWriting Program hasengaged large numbers of stu-dents and gotten them interestedin writing. What we'd like to donow is to continue to encouragethem to write, push themsomewhat, and make them feelthey're making progress,"Hanharn said.

f Consltinuere d ftomlt page 2)Story", for Distribution credit,and three or four sections of thatsubject would be offered nextterin.

The Sivin Report urged rein-statement of the introductory"Writing and Experience" to theDistribution list based on an in-crease in the amount of work re-quired and a broad interpretationof guidelines for distributionsubjects.

Another Committee recommen-dation is to establish a re-source Center to deal with"many sorts of writing needs thatthe regular curriculun cannotsatisfy", a facility that would in-corporate diagnostic services,special workshops and tutorials,study aids, and all types of audio-visual and literary materials tomeet student demands.

Unlike centers in other univer-sities, though, MIT's centershould be designed to help"faculty in other disciplines tobetter deal with the writing oftheir students," a need the Com-mittee considered "urgent."

Other possibilities for theWriting Program include thedesign of a system to monitor thewriting of all undergraduates atMIT, in place of an English com-position requirement, which theCommittee "did not feelprepared' to recommend.

The Sivin Report also urgedthat "English for ForeignStudents", now part of theForeign Language Section, be

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_i PAGE 4 THE TECH FRiDAY, JULY 30, 1976

Bamild resource centerfor vvriters report says

Harvarc 7rustilk

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~itna"' an-r g stoppeda(Continuedfrosm page ij International Commitments technology program." (The Tech,

poses, a program such as the one (CIIC) was formed to investigate 4/16/76)

presently being conducted at MIT the program and the allegations Although MIT President

would be the best way for them to that its intent could be military. Jerome Wiesner and Chancellor

start." (Thursda y, 2/12/76) About one month before the Paul Gray'54 replied to the Com-

In addition, it was learned that CIIC final report was issued, mittee that they were not per-

the State Department had ob- Committee member Ken Flamm sonally convinced.that the subject

jected to MIT's original program, G publicly wrote that "all the matter was as closely related to

to be administered by Draper evidence the CIIC has so far military applications as the CIIC

Labs, on the grounds that it points to the military nature of believed, they authorized a

would provide a curriculum too the program." recasting of the program, to be

close to "state-of-the'art" work, Flamm charged that 'MIT is undertaken jointly by Dr. Jones

and had denied Draper the right operating a training program for and NTU officials.

to conduct laboratory project personnel employed by the Based on the brief time left on

work there. Taiwanese Ministry of Defense. the contract, these negotiations

The program was then transfer- While State Department interven- resulted in the program's termina-

red to the MIT Measurement tion stopped the transfer of the tion last month rather than a

Systems Lab with Draper person- most sensitive inertial technology refocussing of its objectives. All

nel used as lecturers. to Taiwan, the Taiwanese are still of the program's students

In Mid-March, a faculty-staff- receiving a specially-designed returned to Taiwan last week

student Committee on Institute two-year intensive inertial after the decision was announced.

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Crowin outC111. 4Owee

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M~aking serious choices.an primner for living at NOT

By Glenn BrownisteinThe surnmer issue of The Tech is uisually conusidered to be the

F-reshmlan Issue, and it is the traditional responsibility of the currentEditor-in-Chief to give a so-called "pep talk" to the incoming class.M ost of these efforts tell as little as possible abOLut the important issueson-camnpus and instead resort to generalities like how exciting the col-lege experience will be and how though M IT is a very strange, atypicalexamtple of a university, spending four years here should be veryrewarding, alnd so on.

That, however. besides being somewhat insulting to the intelligenceof'the I 100 members of the new class, and besides meaning nothing tothe other 6000 or se) readers of this issue, doesn't give the kind ofimpression a1 newcomer should get of M IT -not simply of the diver-.sitv of the university experience, which will be foremost in the minds ofmanuyZ of' the llew studellts, but also the positive (and negative) aspectsof halvinlg that experience in (1 fiverse, culturatlly productivemetropolitanl Strea such as Boston, curd coping with the kinds of issues.and~ problrems you'll 120 doubt face very quickly.

The Bostonl LthNat vs shown to millionsl~ on national TV on July 4 wasIhut one ol'the views of Niew Einglalnd's unofficial capital. The palrades.the spirit and pattriotic fervor of the crowds galthered in the city, theremarllkalblV Uplif-tinlg Scenle Of 400),000 people gaitheredl togethcr to listento olle ol' America's greatest conductors, Arthur Fiedler, lead~ tileBo.stol loops in playing thle 1812 Overtuire -this is theX ideal Boston,the city that lived agaian this month af~ter aI few years of' ralcial tensio ntand strifce, of' school bus stonings, of racial intolierance closely a~p-proa)tchingr that foundle in allly Sothulern city in tile past 20 yearls.

The other picture, that of' the raiciailly-torn city, wals hidden fronV!iCW Oil Jelly 49 not by (ny conscious effort of' government, but by aldesire of Irnan residents to put it aside and enjoy thre celebration. Yetthe demlonstraltions by anati-busing groups continue (one inflaimmatoryactivist group marred the "Tali Ships'' procession with an awnti-busing,anti-blalck sign) with the divisiveness so natural to aI city that is in factabout twelve culturally and ethnically distinct towns thrown togetherby geographic falte.

One of the things an incoming MIT freshman will find is that no twoneighborhoods are salke in Boston -one can walk through Southie,the North End, or Back Bay, and feel that one has visited a differentcity (or country) each time. Such neighborhood differences have onlyadded to the problemn of busing in Boston, and it's not likely that asolution will be found soon.

MIT, however, being in Cambridge, is almost entirely separate anddistinct from the problems of its -larger counterpart across the river. Attimnes in the past few years, it has seemed that the newsfilm viewed onlocal stations was shipped in from Detroit or Louisville errMontgomery, so removed is the Institute from Boston at times.

The sorts of problems you'll find here mainly concern money rindforeign alffalirs. The first area deals primarily with the budget, and thenumerous constraints the Institute's current deficit will make on all stu-dents next year, although the freshmen will probably be affected theImost.

For one thing, alll dorms will be substantially overcrowded next yeardue to the increased class size, aind classrooms will become morecrowded its well, perhaps affecting such intangibles als teaching quality.Fromi a flllancial aspect. freshmen will suffer the most when it comes totuition, Lis increases are expected every year and the level of financialaid is not likely to increase commensurately, and the Class of 1980 mayfind cutbacks in acaden-iic programs or outside activities that could af-fect both their learning aind their enjoyment at the institute.

The foreign policy issue has been raised twice in the past 18 months,aLs M9 IT hals entered into two highly unp~opulair prograims; oxie to teach54 Iralnialn students nucleair power technolo y, and otle to give 15Taliwalnese engineers aI two-year intensive program ill inertial guidancetechnology. Botil programs met wvith severe criticism from mnembers-ofthe M IT commlunity, and the laitter orne was terminated six months ear-'iy after the seric)Ls consideration was malde that Taiwan's intent mightbe i-ilitalrv instead of' industrial (i. e. ballistic missiles and nuclearproli feraltionl).

All of these issues, aIs well as the Uyzcoming Presidentiall campaigtl,wvill ,Lfiet the inconllin-g MIT freshman next year. Many of the maljoraspects of these problems will apupeawr in The Tech next term, but, nzoreimportalntly, the nature of N11T is such that you'll very possibly findyoulrself quick-ly caught up in the constant debate, and makie someserious choices regarding your a~cadern~ic and non-acadiemic ftuttre,which is perhalps, in the lon- run, what college is all1 about.

St 1 Is Am ~Julia A. Malakie '77-Chairperson

o o ~~~Glenn R. Brow~nstein 77 7Editor-in-Chiefi i > I~Mark J. Munkacsy '78 -Man-aing div

John M. Sallay 78-Business Manager

^ R ,^,= ~~~~~Volume 96, Number 27Friday. July 30. I 976

Newvs Editor: Gierald Radack '77

Night Editors: David Thompson '78. Rebecca Waring '79

Photo Editors: Tom Kiimowicz '77, David Schaller '78

Sports Editor: 5Deborahl August '79

Acting Advertising Manager: l eonard H. Tower 'r.Contributing Edlitors: Paul 'Schindler '74, John Hanzel '76.

Thomas Mayer, Leonard H. Tower Jr.

Third Class postage paid at Boston, MA. The Tech is published twice a weekduring the academic year (except during MIT vacations) and once during thelast week of July. Please send all correspondence to:) P.O. Box 29. MITBranch, Cambridge. MA 02139. Offices at Room W20-483, 84Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA. Telephone: (617) 253-1541.Advertising and subscription rates available on request.i

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By Mark M~unkiaesyOnly 65 upperclassmen can

return early this fall to work dur-ing R/O Week, the MIT ad-ministration revealed earlier thisspring.

The limit had to be imposedbecause of the expected dormovercrowding during R/O Week.An upperclassman wishing to ar-rive before the end of R/O Weekmust be screened by an R/O"Watchdog" committee to deter-mine if a need exists for the up-perclassman's early return. Inprevious' years the number per-mitted to return early has notbeen so limited.

However, more severeovercrowding is expected infuture years. The Freshman Ad-visory Council (FAC) is alreadydrawinlg up plans to handle theanticipated problems.

For example, during the 1977R/O Week, the FAC anticipatesthat only 20 members of the R/OCommittee will be permitted toreturn early. To achieve thisreduction, the number of DiningService personnel permitted toreturn early will be drastically cut.The FAC expects, however, thatthis will have little effect on mostincoming freshmen. According toone official, "The only changewill be that freshmen will nowhave to wash their own dishesafter the picnic in the GreatCourt."

R/O Week the following yearshould be worse. Overcrowdingmay be so severe that only tenmembers of the R/O Committeewill be allowed back early. M'vany"traditional" R/O activities willbe toned down.

Instead of the usual foreign stu-dent orientation program, one re-quiring much less manpower isbeing planned. In place of thegala picnic "get-togethers" the

R/O Committee had originallyhoped for, sugar doughnuts willbe stuffed into foreign students'R/O information packets.

The lack of personnel will alsoslow check-in procedures to acrawl. Accordingly, all freshmenwill be expected to arrive with asleeping bag, and will be housedin the Student Center Librarv un-til temporary dorm housing is ar-ranged.

The following year is expectedto be the worst, however. Onlythe Rt/0 coordinator himself willbe permitted back early.

Each dorm will have taperecorders in their lounges playing-back "'norm-al sounds for thesuite." This will permit freshmento get an intimate feel for theflavor of each dorm, since therewon't be any room for upperclas-smen while the freshmen are mak-ing living group decisions.

The R/O Center itself will be,com pliet elIy c om pute ri zed .Development of the system'sprogram has already begun. It isexpected that eventually thesystem will-"forget" only a smallhandfU of freshmen each day.

Other benefits will accrue fromthe state-of-the-art R/O Center.According to one spokesman,"iBecause the system cannot"forget" a freshmanl's name, itwill always address a freshman bythat name. This should make theR/O Week experience much more

personal. Gone will be embarras-ing questions Rie "What's yourname?"

Each of the three Midways(Academic, Activities, andAthletic) will be restructured touse a minimum of labor. Presentplans call for each to be a video-taped lecture.

However, "~we should have itall together for the Class of '84,"claims an Assistant FAC Dean',"That year the entire R/0 Com-mittee will be composed of enter-ing freshmen." Since all enterinlgfreshmen are guaranteed rooms, afull-size R/O Committee can be.accommodated without puttingan, extra strain on the housingsystem.

It is not without problems,though. Says the Dean: "A bigquestion is how do we pick thecommittee? Perhaps we will simp-ly pick the first freshman to showup and say, 'You're R/0Chairman.' Or maybe weill pickthe last freshman to. . . ."

tials are as follows:"He worked on development+of the atom bomb. He is afacile inventor with 65 licensepatents. He hold degree inphysics, mathematics andzoology, and he has worked asaI weanons systems analyst onmany secret governmlent pro-jects at Sandia Laboratories inAlbuquerque.

"Studying the climate hasbeen his 'hobby' for 19 years."'

The following day, July 13th,can article by correspondent Mar-quis Childs The following day,July 13th, an article by correspon-dent Marquis Childs appeared inthe Washington Post in whichMr. Childs included material sug-gesting a different explanation forthe weather anomalies around theworld. The article is entitled"Making War with the Weather"and discusses the efforts ofSenator Pell of Rhode Island to

(Please turn to page 7)

To the Editor:On J uly 1 2th, the New York

Times published an article discus-sing the climatolo ical theories ofOr lben Browning by which he

accounts for weather anomalies- droughts or storms that are un-hleard (I whlere thley occur -invarious areas around the world,now particularly in England, the'Soviet Union, and France, and inour western states. Dr.Browningexplains these events by sayingthat we are now returning -toclimate conditions that are nor-mal, and that for fifty or so yearsout of the last 800 we have beenblessed with unusually placidweather.

The recent CIA report on theimpact of climate changes onpolitical economic conditionaroun'd the world (obtainablethrough the office of Congres-sman Fred Richmond) presents aview similar to this. According tothe Times Dr. Browning's creden-

_ ~PAGE 6 THE TECH FRIDAY, JULY 30, 1976

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BDackk Bay ApartmentsAcross the river from MT1

Many without security depositsMartin A. Samuelsreal. estate31 Massachusetts Ave.,Boston261- 52331

Tech Coop Optical

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(Continued from page 6)get the Defense Department totestify on its weather modificationactivities. The article goes on tospecify some of' these and thenconcludes by quoting a statementof warning by the distinguisedclimatologist Dr. GordonJ.F. MacDonald of UCLA thatoperations causing tidal waves,floods and droughts could be car-ried out secretly:

"Such a secret war",Dr.Mac~onald is quoted assaying, "need never bedeclared or even known by the.affected population. It wouldgo on for years with only thesecurity forces involved beingaware of it. The years ofdrought and storm would beattributed to unkindly natureand only after a nation wasthoroughly drained would an

armed takeover be at-tempted."2

To summarize the comparisonbetween the two articles we havethe veteran weapons systemsanalyst whose "hobby" is study-ing the weather, who tells us thatnatural weather is not to bedesired - one presumes this leadsto a prescription of weathermodification to right the situation- and we have the eminent

geophysicist and climatologistwarning us that geophysicalweapons systems are beingdeveloped that could producelong-term upsets in the climate.

Another point made byDr.MacDonald in his article-the destructive effect of theelectromagnetic fields in the en-vironment on human health andperformance - is also relevanthere. He said that weapons

systems could be developed thatwould increase the intensity of theelectromagnetic field oscillatingin the spherical-shaped cavitybetween the Earth and theionosphere specifically that thiswould "seriously impair brainperformance in very large popula-tions in selected regions over anextended period' 3

There are at least three kinds ofstudies of the effects ofelectromagnetic fields on animaland human biology: those datingback as fr as 1935 in which theoccurrences of solar-generatedmagnetic storms were successfully

correlated with increases in the in-cidence of such things as deathsfrom myocardial infarction, men-tal hospital admission, andautomobile accidents; those ofclinical symptons in people oc-cupationally exposed toelectromagnetic field - these, od-dly enough, are preponderantlyRussian - and those recordingthe responses of animals andhuman experimentally exposed toelectromagnetic fields - twoprincipal findings of which arethat such exposures induce hyper-motility and impair conditionedreflexes and would therefore be of

interest to the behavioral scientistas well as to the climatologist.''

Possibly related to the issue oflightning generation raised by Dr.M acDonald as means of inten-sifying environmental fields is a1968 article by F.G.Hirsch et alon the psychophysiological effectsof high-density pulsedelectromagnetic energy, in whichis described an immenseelectromagnetic pulse generator- a van de Graff generatorcharge an nderground bank ofcapactors which discharge fromfn array of aerial wires to a layer

(Please turn to page 12)

enthusiasm. (I must note here thatnone of these charges have everbeen substantiated.)

Various measures have beenproposed to eliminate these inef-ficiencies. Some of the more ada-mant demand the elimination ofall forms of birthday celebrations,perhaps requiring a sworn state-ment by all prospective freshmenagreeing to abide by such a rule.Those more moderate among theadministration suggest moving allstudent birthdays into the sum-mer months.

As a student who has enjoyedmore than a score of-birthdays, Iwould strongly protest even thelatter action. I will continue tocelebrate each of my birthdays inApril as I have ever since I cameinto this world. I hope that all stu-dents share my outrage at whatcould soon be forced upon us,and that they will redouble theirefforts to postpone our oppres-sion. And finally, in opendefiance (for which I fear covertpunishment) I would like, thisthirtieth day of luly, to declare

"HAPPY BIRTHDAYMICHELLE"

to one of my fellow students."Little Johnnie"

(true name witheld)Ruly 27, 1976

To the Editor,Over the last few years, The

Tech has helped to promote thediscussion of quite a few con-troversial issues involving studentrights, and I'm sure all studentsare grateful for this service.Nevertheless, one importantthreat to student rights has beenvirtually ignored in the officialstudent newspaper. Althoughalmost all students are aware ofinsidious plans by the administra-tion to rob them of one of theirbasic rights, The Tech hasremained silent. By now I'm sureyou have guessed that I am referr-ing to our God-given BirthdayRight.

Sometime during each of thelast few terms, it has been said,the MIT administration has madea low-publicity move to regulatestudent birthdays. Their motivesare well-known. Physical plantcomplains of excessive showerusage on these days. Othersreport a littering of both thechapel moat and the alreadymuch polluted Charles River.Some Professors have described atemporary lapse in the studentwork-ethic, sometimes to the ex-tent that classes are missed as aresult of reckless birthday

CenterWaoburn

FRIDAY, JULY 30, 1976 THE TECH PAGE 7 Ms

:oInt rlin" the climate is vveater a wea 3ono

MICEINTIRA L BANl

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Protecing bir ndciys

Davis Square Union SquareSomerville

Central Square, Cambridge

W.oburn Four Corners

T1HIE FREE UNIVERSITY O: IRAN

THE FREE UNIVERSITY OF LIRAN IS ACCEPTING APPLICATIONSFOR ACADEMIC AND TECHNICAL POSTS AND IS OFFERING

SCHOLARSHIPS TO IRANIAN\I NATIONALS

The Free University is a new and innovative institution established to respond to the increasing demand forhigher education and the continuing need for qualified manpower through Iran. A distance - teaching formatwill be used to prepare, initially, professionals in two areas, teacher 8 education and health sciences.Programs in the area of rural development and technician training are presently being planned. Coursematerials (e.g. correspondence texts, radio and television broadcast, home experimental kits, etc.) aredesigned and produced by 'course teams'. These teams consist of subject - matter specialists, educationaltechnologists, radio/television producers, and editors. A network of local centers established throughout Iranwill be staffed by tutors who will assist students in the use of course materials and who will guide practicalwork experiences.

The Free University wishes to identify qualified Iranian nationals who might be interested in working in such acontext. Academic posts are currently available in the following areas: medicine (M.D. degree), nursing, publichealth; physical and natural sciences; social and behavioral sciences; education; library sciernce; Iranianstudies; rural development. Scholarships are also being awarded to qualified students who wish to continuetheir studies.

Interested persons are requested to send the following information to the North American office: name (firstand last), university, field, and level. They should also note whether they are interested in a scholarship. Infor-mation should be sent to FUI-North American office, PO Box 282, Rumson, New Jersey 07760, Those whohave already applied need do nothing further. Those planning to return to Iran this summer may also contactdirectly Mr. Firooz Firooznia, director, Manpower and Development Center, PO Box 1 1-1962 Aban Shomali St.Karim-Khan Ave., Tehran, 15, telephone 891521.

_M PAGE 8 THE TECH FRIDAY, JULY 30. 1976 hi·ielil III 11aps,1I ~· IMIIIIIII

. . .is the scene of many sports car races each year. Inaddition to Sports Car Club of America National Races onthe Fourth of July and Labor Day weekends, and the Carand DPriver Challenge for showroom stock sedans in October,a major race is held over the Memorial Day weekend.

This past Miemorial Day Tile Tech Photo Editors, TomKlimowicz and David Schaller spent the day recording thesights and -some of the feelinlgs that existed at the.International Motor Sports Association's Camel GT andRadial Sedan races.

While some teams relaxed between races, confident thattheir race Car was as perfect as possible, other teamsfraintically worked against the clock, hoping to get their carsback together before the Mtart of the race. Drivers could be

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seen chatting with spectators, relaxing inside air-conditionedn-iotorhomes, or working alongside mechanics to put theFinishing touches on their cars. At the same time they werepreparing mentally for the race, each knowing that oniy onedriver would celebrate a victory.

Once the green flag ell even the best prepared planswent down the drain. Brakes locked up in a corner, whichleft a car in an uncontrollable slide, finally winding upbalanced on the side of a dirt bank. An anxious driverhurried back on~to the track after a spin, and crossed in frontof a Leading car. The resulting accident put btoth cars out ofthe race and caused tmperts to flare.

But regardiless of the outcoune, the drivers wil l all-betrack forz the ne.-xt race. both

FRIDAY, JULY 30, 1976 THE TECH PAGE 9 PM

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- _ BI PAGE 10 THE TECH FRIDAY, JULY 30, 1976

Mous% ngNia 0 for i(Continued fori page 1) [accept]" out of those admitted.

the present size of the class is Neither Richardson nor1088. This number is expected to Browning had any explanation offall by between five and ten-stu- the reduced yield.dents due to the summer "melt" The incoming class includes- those people who have ac- 175 women, about the samecepted MIT admission but do not number as last year. The 61 blackactually enter in the fall. students entering is double that of

Richardson said that MIT had last year - Richardson said "we"done all right" at controlling the are pleased" with the increase.class size, which was set at I 100 as Although a record number ofpart of a continuing effort to in- applications from women werecrease the total number of un- received, the number is still muchdergraduates. below the 225 in the class of '78.

Chancellor Paul Gray '54 has Browning said that this will stillcaliled the increase a "'conscious result in an increase in theeffort" to increase tuition number of women u n-reven ues. dergraduates.

According tot Richardson, the "It's not as good a ratio as we'yield," or fraction of admitted might like," Browning said, but

freshmen who accept admission, the lower number of freshmanhas dropped significantly this women will not jeopardize theyear, and many students were ad- status of present coed livingmitted from the waiting list to groups.bring the class size closer to He said there would "not bemlTrs goal. much of an increase" in either the

Richardson added that "I hate number of coed groupes or in theto categorize students as being number of women in each group.from the waiting list. The only Pi Kappa Alpha is the only newdifference [between the waiting coed living group this year.list and those admitted initially] is Browning said that he hopesour ability to guess how many will that the rushing of women will be

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The institute may have the finest prc:oessors,but the High School Studies Program has thebest teachers. Teach a course of your owndesign to Boston area high school students.Meet us at the Activities Midway, or visit usin room 467 of the Student Center.

The High School Studies Program is awholly-owned subsidiary of theMIT Educational Studies Program. If you have any questions, call the Dining Service at x3-2718 or x3-5173.

IFDshn Inevenly balanced among all thecoed living groups, in order toCreate more than one choice" for

women in the housing system.The overcrowding will be most

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Actually, we're not that desperate. Butthe headline does make a point - that noexperience is necessary, or even expected,to work on The Tech. 'in fact, many of themost "successful"' people on our staff neverlifted a pen, a camera., or an X-Acto knifebefore they came to MIT.

AWhat T -he Tech doesfor PM" I T

There are a number of publications atMIT - Four or f;ive undergraduatenewspapers, several magazines, a graduatenewspaper, and an administrationnewspaper. Thze Tech falls into the"undergraduate newspaper" category.

Published Tuesdays and Fridays, TheTech's prime objective is to serve as anewspaper (or the closest approximationpossible) for the entire MIT community. Assuch, much of our effort is concentrated inthe gathering and reporting of news -froma viewpoint (that of the undergraduate),but without a bias. Among some of themore significant events covered by TheTech last year were the detailing of apreviously unannounced and undiscussedtraining program for Iranian graduatestudents in nuclear engineering - a storywhich some time later received coverage inThe New York Times, an investigation intoalleged surveillance of Taiwanese studentson campus by their home government, andthe publishing of reports that MIT mayhave been involved in the transmission ofArmy files on civilians.

A

On the less serious side, The Tech hasregular arts and literary sections coveringthe entire spectrum of music, art, books,etc. And we have the only sports section oncampus, giving coverage both to MIT's 24intercollegiate sports and to the myriad ofintramural athletics.

Backing up these "word-producing"departments are a photo staff, whosemembers have access to some of the bestdarkroom facilities on campus, and ourproduction staff, which produces (with ournew photo-typesetting equipment) bothMke Tech and income producing workfor staff members on typesettingjobs from the MIT commnunity.

Not all issues at MIT are quite soconrtroversial,; Lowever, when a controversydoes arise, it seems the MIT communityturns to The Tech's edit pages both for theexpression of their own views and to readthe views of others. In fact, the Iranianissue alone produced over six pages ofopinions, including a special two-pagesummary, with both sides of the issuerepresented.

In addition to the regular news andopinion, we have put together severalspecial sections detailing important issues,such as a four-page supplement on a-multitude of proposals regarding the reformof MIT's grading system.

FRIDAY, JULY 30, 1976 THE TECH PAGE 1 1 M

w s Or 11 - | s~~~~~~A

warnl ~ateswante

ne exp-eylenaw lo necessary'Vlrhat The Teclh cani do for you

MIT can be a very complex andoverwhelming place at, times. The pressuresand demands of courses, problem sets, andlabs can often warp one's attitude towardslife at MIT and the world in general.

The Tech offers a very easy way of'getting under the surface of MIT andfinding out what makes a $250- million-a-vear university run - or finding out why it

a doesn't.In addition - actually, more

importantly - at a school wherefriendships and friends may be hard tofind, The Tech, has proven for many to bean extremely active social group. When theurge to do something creative hits, it's oftencomforting to know that you can wander inand work with a group of people in a similarframe of mind. And then maybe go out and3 enjoy Boston afterwards.

I What you cndo forTlhe rmch

As little, or as much, as you wish.There are nlo time constraints, no

minimum numbers of hours per weeknecessary. Commitments range fromwriting an article every few issues -maybetwo or three hours of work -- to performingseveral jobs at once and spending moretime than anyone would imagine possibleat MIT (while still getting decent grades).

You can take yourself as far as youwant -from a staff member to an editorand maybe even beyond, into the "realworld" of journalism, as several recent TheTech alumni have donle. It all depends onyour inclinations and desires.

There used to be a time many, manyyears ago, when The Tech would actuallyhold comnpetitions for the posts on itsmanaging board. In this enlightened era,however, we have found it much morepractical to leave an open door in all

> ~departments --- news, arts, sports,S ~production, business, advertising, photo-

all the time. Anld whet'her you're a newstype, or on our business or ad staffs (who,by the way, receive varying degrees ofmonetary incentives), our office is always

s ~open as a refulge from the hasslese ~of the Institute.

% %%eye 'Lo fnd us| ~~Either stop by at the Activities

| ~Midway or comeby o-urolffices (Sunday orN ~Wednesday nights are sure bets). We're on

the fourth floor of the Student Center(Room 483), MIT extension 3-1541. Or feelfree to write to us this summer (P.O. Box29, MIT Branch, Cambridge, MA 02139) if

y, 0 you have any questions. Oh, even if youE don't happen to be a freshman, you're still

-, welcome to come by. The wisdom andexperience gained by surviving MIT forseveral years is always useful.

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I_ PAGE i2 THE TECH. FRIDAY. JULY 3Q. i976 OM-_l

Climate control: a(('ontinwdttl /relo p7agec 7t 1976, B- l.

of steel mesh covering a piece of 2. Washintgton Post, July 13,ground that would make a good 1976, A-19:6.sized parking lot judging from the 3. MeacDonald, Gordon J.F.,photograph-- with a power out- "Hlow to Wreck the En-put comparable to that of light vironment", in: Unless Peacening. Since it is known that one Comes, Nigel Calder, ed., Newlightning stroke will trigger others, York: Viking Press, 1968.it is conceivable that this EMP Keprinted as an appendage to Dr.generator has been designed to MacDonald's testimony before thtrigger lightning or perhaps to be Senate Subcomnimittee Oceans andused ais a supplementary lightning International Environment, hear-source in the kind of weaponssystem Dr.MacDorald describes.It is perhaps of interest that thisparticular generator is situatednear Albuquerque and that one ofthe authors of the article isemployed by the Sandia Corpora-

secret weapon?ing entitled ''"Weather tremely Low FrequencyModification", January 25 and Electromagnetic Fields: AMarch 20, 1974, p. 63. Review", Perceptual and Motor4. Sudakov, K.V. et al, (Central ' Skills, 1973, 36, 1131-59.Mechanism of Action of 6. Frey, A.H., "'BehavioraiElectromagnetic Field"), Joint ' Biophysics'", Pyschological Bul-Publications Research Service, letin, 1963, vo1L63., no.5, 322-337.no. 60711. Tr.anslated from The foregoing three articles areUspekhi Fiziologicheskikh Nauk, all surveys with extensiveno. 2, 1973, Moscow. bibliographies on the biological5. Persinger, M.A., "Psycho- I effects of electromagnetic fields.physiological Effects of Ex- . On the issues discussed here, the

Sudakov is the most specific.7. ' F.G. Hirsch et al, "ThePyschologic Consequences of Ex-posure to High Desnity PulsedElectromagnetic Energy", Inter-national Journal ofBiomneteorology, 1968, vol.12,no.3, pp. 263-270.8. Sparrow, J.G. & E.P. New,"Lightning Observations bySatellite", Nature, vol.232,August 20th, 1971, pp. 540-41.

tion.As Li final point in 1969 and

1970, University of Minnesotaclimatologists J.G.Sparrow andh.P.New conducted via weathersatellite a studv of world-widethunderstorm activity in whichwere observed a number of"spurious events" - flashes thatfor several reasons could not beclassified as lightning.'. The EMPgenerator discussed here is sug-gested as a credible explanation.

Although there is no reallysolid evidence presented here with,shich one could convict sonmedcfcnsc agency ofI secret and un-a Iuth ori) ed vi environ etamanipulations, the anomalousweatlher and the unaccounted tfordaita spikes of Sparrrow and Neywvould seem to 0warrant an inquiry- perhamps under the tFreedom (ofInfornmation Act -- ilto the intentof such ain instrulmlent Las theelectromagn getic pulse generatorin Albuquerque.

D.G.ElyCambridge, Malssachusetts

Jrl' 27, /976i

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f C'omii wt/ore~m page 4vmidway on the Kresge oval. Themidway allows you to take the in-tiative. Tables will be staffed bythe faculty of the various depart-ments. The academic midwayprovides a chance to ask all of thequestions that you've ac-cumulated. Your advisor will ex-plain the other R/O academicevents when you meet with him orher on Tuesday (7).

Academnics are stressed here,some say too much. However,there are many clubs and activitesavailable to help relieve the pres-sure. In addition, MIT has one ofthe best athletic Fprograms in theU.S. If you come to the midwaysThursday night, you will get aglimpse of both of these sides ofstudent life.

So much for residence selectionand orientations, what about theenjotable parts of R/O? Wel,even after the Fraternity rush isover both the frats and the dormsxkill be having parties and similaractii\ties. During the week, dif-fcrcr t groups, such as the BlackStLudnc1t Union, Hillel, and the\\nomen's Orientation Commit-tee. xxill have things doing on.Then there's the grand finales onFriidaNI(10): the Dormcon-R/OC'ommittee all day carnival andalli night block party (yes, we ac-tu;all plan to block off a street!).

RO can become overwhelm-ing. If it gets to you. itjust provesvou're human. Sometimes talkingwith someone helps. the R/Ocenter will be open every dav. Thestudents there are glad to help.

The best way to keep up withwhat's going on during R/'O weekis to read the Daily Confusion. Itis published every day duringR/O. All of the dorm desks aswell as the R O Center will haveonniec?

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By IMark JamesThe issue of recombinant DNA

research, and biological hazardsin general, is a perfect illustrationof a much more general situation- the highly technical issuewhich is also a highly controver-sial topic of public debate.

Just as in the debate over thesafety of nuclear reactors, thedebate resolves itself into twobasic questions - the technicalquestion of whether the estimatesof risk are accurate, and themoral question of how much riskshould be accepted.

From these two points of dis-pute, a third inevitably arises-who is to judge these questions;should it be the research scientiststhemselves, who have thetechnical knowledge needed, butwho may have a vested interest ingaining approval for the researchinvolved, or the general public,who may lack background in theissues, but who must bear theresults of any slip-up.

In the case of recombinantDNA research, the. viewpoint ofthe experts in the field is em-bodied in the NIH guidelines. Theguidelines are the result of a largeamount of study intitiated at therequest of a number of concernedscientists working in this field.

These scientists, who met atAsilomar, California in the springof 1975, called for a voluntaryhalt to recombinant DNAresearch until the hazards couldbe assessed. Among these scien-tists was MIT American CancerSociety Professor ofMicrobiology David Baltimore.Baltimore told The Tech.:

"Since I believe that the federalguidelines are an appropriateresponse to whatever hazardmight exist in recombinant DNAwork, I personally believe that it'sunnecessary for the CambridgeCity Council to go over the sameground again. Therefore I don'tsee any reason for themoratorium."

This, aside from technical argu-ments, is the essence of thedebate: those opposing themoratorium think that the NIHguidelines are enough, and thosethat support it feel that they arenot.

Unknown possibilities

One trouble with assessing thedangers of this research is thatthey are largely unknowns.Hypothetical cases must be con-sidered. For example:

A piece of DNIA containinggenes that code for the produc-tion of the protein insulin, thevital hormone which diabeticslack, is inserted into E. Coli withthe aim of mass-producing thedrug; The bacterium, throughcarelessness, takes hold tem-porarily in the intestine of one ofthe lab workers. It survives long

enough to transfer a plasinid, asmall circle of DNA, intoanother, more common strain ofE. Coli. This plasmid happens tocontain the gene for insulin. Thenew host spreads among the pop-ulation. These bacteria producelarge quantities of insulin, whichenters the bloodstream of the in-fected people in amounts suf-ficient to destroy the normal func-tioning of their bodies.

There are many other scenariospossible, some involving the crea-tion of new, more dangerous dis-ease causing organisms whichmight not be detected before theybecame widespread.

Both sides in the debate admitthat events such as this may be ,possibility. What they differ on isthe probability.

Low Likelihood

Those in favor of doing suchresearch think that the NIHguidelines make such an occur-rence unlikely, for severalreasons:eThe laboratory safeguards makeit unlikely that such a bacteriumwould be taken out of the

laboratory.elf it did get out, the chances ofthe bacterium - which waschosen to be an especially weakstrain - surviving for any time atall in a human intestine are alsovery small.eIf it did survive, it is unlikelythat it would donate its DNA toanother bacterium.®And finally, even if the aboveevents all did occur, thelikelihood of the gene operatingto make insutilin in a new recipientwould be slim.

In essence,-these scientists aresaying that the danger consists ofa very, very unlikely event. Theysay that the hazards are onlyhypothetical, and veryimprobable anyway - and theyweigh this against benefits thatthey consider very real; improvedknowledge of the mechanism ofcancer, and greater insights intothe operation of genes - the basisof life.

"There's no other way" to,isolate specific genes, accordingto Associate Professor of BiologyDavid Housman, a researcher atMIT who would like to do suchwork.

Risk estimates incorrect?Opponents of such research

disagree in two important ways.First, they feel that the es-

timates of risk made by theresearchers aren't accurate, forseveral reasons:eThey argue that real lab workersin a real laboratory won't complywith the guidelines enough tomake them effective, even if theyare thorough enough.®They claim that the bacteria in-volved can survive outside of thelab long enough to do damage.oThey feel that the standardswere drawn up by a biased groupof scientists - people who wantto do this type of work.

Moral questions

The second point ofdisagreement is more a moral,than a technical issue:

Opponents of the researchargue, as have opponents ofnuclear power plants, that even asmall, but unknown, risk tohuman life should not betolerated.

Harvard Professor of BiologyRichard C. Lewontin argued at

the City Council hearings that"the benefits [of such research]are private, not public benefits."that claims of the usefulness ofsuch research to the problenms ofcancer are made mainly to secureresearch funds.

The opponents would like tohave seen more involvement Fromthe public in the drafting of thieNIH guidelines, and the 5 thinkthat the public should supervisecsuch research in addition to thecustomary "peer review," re\'iexby other scientists in the arela ofresearch involved, that is the basis

Jfor the distribution of grantmoney.

Increased consciousness

The next few months Xillprobably see much more discus-sion and decision-miaking on theissue of recombinant DNAresearch. People on both sides ofthe issue do share one hope -that all this talk will make allresearchers work i n g wi thbiohazards a little more consciousof what they are doing, andtherefore less likely to put resultsahead of safety when they experi-ment with the basis of life.

John Hagman '76 Is a first-year medical student at theUnformed Services University of the Health Sciences atBethesda. MD Lieutenant Hagman Is attending medicalschool on a full Army scholarship. and receives full Armypay and allowances

Class of '76 graduates are sworn in at Commissioning ceremonies In KresgeAuditorium.

-Open to MIT Undergraduates and Graduate Students-Advanced Course Students Receive $100 per month

-3, 2, and 1 year scholarships available-Modular Curriculum Option

FOR DETAILS CONTACT CAPTAIN DICK MUl RPHY20E-126, MIT EXT 3-4471

I:_3' KNOlpM | |' ~

Paul Robershotte '76 receives his commission from Ma-jor General Lincoln. Lieutenant Robershotte Is on activeduty as a graduate student at MIT. attending the Instituteon an-Army Fellowship Bruce Blankinship '76 receives MIT President's Award from Dr. Weisner

FRIDAY. JULY 30. 1976 THE TECH PAGE 13 _News AnalyiS

DNA~ delbate - a question of probabilities

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(Continued fronm page 16)crewing placed fourth overall.Alanna Connors '78 also sailedfor the Engineers, who defeatedthird place San Diego State byover forty points.

Moving back to the start of theprevious school year, the fallseason was dominated by theachievements of one well-established team and one first-year varsity squad.

The women's volleyball team,competing for the first time on avarsity basis, enjoyed a sen-sational 13-1 season thatculminated in the Massachusettsstate championship for theEngineer spikers.

Losing only one regular seasonmatch to arch-rival EasternNazarene, the volleyball teamtook the measure of Nazarene inboth the Metropolitan and Statefinal rounds to win those titles.

Although cross-country's 8-4record was not as good as the 9-2mark of the year before, the har-riers placed sixth in the Easternsand 18th in the NCAA Cham-pionships at Franklin Park, aidedby the fifth place finish of juniorFrank Richardson, who woundup just four seconds behind racewinner Vin Fieming of theUniversity of Lowell.

As was not totally unexpected,most of the athletic glory, of boththe modest and well-publicizedfashions, went to winter squads.

It was a season of "firsts", aswomen's swimming and women'sgymnastics won their first meetsever, and MIT's long-suffering

hockey team, greatly helped by achange to club status and- thechance to use graduate students,not only snapped a 37-gram los-ing streak, but went on--to arelatively successful 7-10-1season.

Cam Lange '76 broke the all-time MIT basketball scoringrecord in mid-season, finishingwith a career total of 1699 points,while teammate Peter Jackson '76efided his varsity career with 954rebounds, another record, and afourth place standing on the all-time MIT scorers' list. TheEngineer hoopmen finished asomewhat disappointing year at9-11, the best mark since 1972, butwell below the squad's tourna-ment hopes of the pre-season.

Injuries forced wrestling coachWill Chassey to use freshmen inover half of the weight classes, butthe MIT grapplers still completean excellent 12-5 season despitetwo end-of-season losses toSpringfield and Harvard. VanLidth de Jeude finished the seasonwith a perfect record in theheavyweight class, including a six-second pin victory over a helplessTufts opponent during the mid-season meet.

Erland's win streak finallycame to an end in the NCAADivision III Championships,when St. Lawrence's Earl Peregratopped the 6'6" heavy weight 4-1,in the final round. --

Track continued the excellentrunning season, finishing 6-1-1,the only loss coming to

died both USC and UCLA in a72-hour race in Los Angeles tofinish second to Maryland, andMIT's tiddlywinkers placed se-cond in the North Americanchampionships.

Besides the achievements of thecrew and sailing teams, a numberof other spring varsity squads haddistinguished seasons.

Outdoor track set a'number ofschool records and finished with a4-1 mark, while varsity baseball,although unable to reach its goalof a post-season tournament,completed a respectable 14-11year.

Senior Mike Royal anchored agenerally strong pitching staff;and hurled a 14-strikeout, one-hit

shutout against ECACtournament-bound Bates duringthe year. In addition, MIT edgedits crosstown nemesis, Harvard,8-7, with a seven-run sixth inningand a game-saving tag play athome plate in the contest's lastframe. Te win was the Engineer sfirst over the Crimson in eightyears.

Although it's unfair (and inap.-propriate) to compare MIlT'sathletic fortune with those ofDivision I powerhouses, the In-stitute varsity program remainedthe largest in the nation with' 29intercollegiate sports, and theteaims concerned combined for anoverall winning record and La all-time high level of participation.

powerhouse Brandeis, and thatonly by a point and a half. MIT'stwo-mile relay team shaved tenseconds off the old school record,setting the 7:53.8 mark in the NewEnglands at Tufts.

Women's basketball had a .500record, including a third-placefinish in the University ofChicago Invitational Tournamentdespite illness and injury woes,and gained a berth in the StateChampionship. Women's fencingalso had a fine year, losing oneregular season nmatch and placinga best-ever fourth in the NewEnglands.

In less conventional sports, anIntrafraternity Counci l-sponsored canoeing team outpad-I

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FRIDAY, JULY 30, 1976 THE TECH PAGE lb, §S01

Olyrpi, to tiddlywinks: a sports recap

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By David SchallerThe MIT Racing Team made

its entry into professional racingSunday at the 4.0-mile-long RoadAmerica racetrack in ElkhartLak-e, Wisconsin. After severalyears of championship racing inthe Sports Car Club of America's(SCCA) amateur classes the MITteam obtained sponsorship fromVolkswagen of Brookline andbegan preparing a 1976Volkswagen Scirocco for theScirocco Cup Series.

No major modifications wererequired since the rules of theseries require all the cars to beVolkswagen Sciroccos inshowroom condition. The onlychanges allowed in the series arethe addition of an open exhaust,aftermarket shock absorbers, and'Goodyear street radial tires.

After arriving at the track onFriday morning, the MIT Teamchecked over the car for the firstpractice session. During the first!practice session driver JoelBradley found his tire pressurewas several pounds too high, but'managed to turn in the ninthfastest time. On Saturday duringqualifying the engine developed amisfire at high speed, which drop-ped the car into 18th position onthe 20-car grid.

In preparation for the race Sun-day, team members Bob

Humphrey '77, Dusty Nicol '76,and David Schaller '78 replacedthe entire electrical system andtuned the engine in an attempt toeliminate the misfire. To ensuretop performance the brakes werebled, new brake shoes were instal-led, and the wheel alignment waschecked.

At the start of the race Bradleyquickly passed three cars by thesecond turn. As he came towardturn five, a group of cars in frontof him started spinning, and toavoid the cars Bradley went wideonto the grass on the corner.However, there wasn't enoughroom, and he got hit in the backby one of the other cars. Thecrash locked bumpers, and it took40 seconds for Bradley to get freeand back on the track. The rest ofthe pack had long since disap-peared, but the M IT racer tookoff in pursuit, and despite thereturn of the misfire caughtseveral cars, finishing 14th at theend.

The MIT/Brookline VW Rac-ing Team will be traveling to Ohioand Minnesota for races on the8th and 15th of August, and willbe at 1ime Rock, Ct. for theLabor Day Nationals September3rd. After that race the car will beprepared for the Car and DriverChallenge V, again at Lime RockOctober 16th.

Joel Bradley heads for the grass to avoid a pile-up on the first lap. Car #18 (sideways above the'MIT oncar #5) seconds later crossed the track and hit the MIT/Brookline VW car in the left rear. putting'#18 ouiof the race. and dropping Bradley to the back of the pack.

van Lidth de Jeude '76 all missedout on a trip to Montreal. TheEngineer shooters suffered from alack of funds, preventing themfrom making a trip to Arizona forthe trials, while van Lidth deJeude was simply outwrestled inhis bid to make the US Greco-Ro