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Romanswerefirsttouseleadpipetodistributewaterandremovewastewaterfrombuildings.
History
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History
Diggingwellsandcisternstocollectrainwaterwastheprimarymeansofgettingwaterthroughoutmostsettlements.Waterwasnotapopularbeverageduringthosedays.AgirlfromBarbadosboardingwithhergrandmotherin1714whiletheeight‐year‐oldattendedschoolinBoston,complainedtoherfatherthatgrandmotherwasmakingherdrinkwater.Dadwrotebackandinsistedthatshegetbeerorwineasbefittedherstation.
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History
Thisdistasteforwatergoesbacktothemedievalnotionthatwatercausedthechillsandothersickness.Themorelikelyreasonwasthattheprivyandthelocalwellweretooclosetogetherandspawnedcholeraandtyphoidinstead.
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Earlywatermainsweremadeofbored‐outlogs.Sagsinthelogallowedwatertostagnate,becomeinfestedwithinsects,andgenerallyleaveawoodytaste.
History
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AnoutbreakofamoebicdysenteryinChicagoduringthe1933World'sFairwastracedtofaultyplumbing.Tragicresultswere98deathsand1,409officialcases.
History
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MinnesotaPlumbingCode
MinnesotaChapter349,Lawsof1933,licensingofplumberswentintoeffectApril22,1933,requiringplumbersincitiesofmorethan5,000peoplebelicensed.ByOctober1933therewere:
• 663MasterPlumbers• 1037JourneymanPlumbers
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• TheMinnesotaPlumbingcodewentintoeffectinJuly1937.
• Thiscodecouldbeadoptedbyreference.Severalhundredcitiesusedthiscode.
MinnesotaPlumbingCode
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MinnesotaPlumbingCode
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MinnesotaPlumbingCode
• Thecodehadbeenrevisedin1939and1947.• The1969codewasmandatoryandappliedstatewide.
• Ithasbeenrevisedmanytimessincetoupdatefornewtechnologies.
• Backflowprotectionhasfollowed.
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CrossConnections
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BackSiphonage
Takenfromwww.city.ames.ia.us/waterweb/images/backflow_anim_2.gif
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BackSiphonage
Takenfromwww.monroevillewater.org/cross_conection/
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BackSiphonage
Takenfromelcowater.org/backflow.html
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BackSiphonage
ProtectionDevices
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• ASSE1019• AtmosphericV‐Bas
partofthevalve
BackSiphonage
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• AtmosphericVacuumBreaker(AVB)
• ASSE1001
BackSiphonage
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• ShutoffvalvesarenotpermitteddownstreamofanAVB.
• Nomorethan8hourslinepressure.
BackSiphonage
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Hosebibbackflow
BackSiphonage
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• 1052notratedforbackpressure
• Noshut‐offdownstream
BackSiphonage
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• TheASSE1052istheONLYapprovedscrewonhosebibbackflowpreventer
• Backpressurenotpermitted
• ContinuouslinepressureNOTPERMITTED
BackSiphonage
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HosebibwithASSE1052.
BackSiphonage
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BackSiphonage
TheASSE1011forhosebibsarenolongerapproved.
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• Pressurevacuumbreakers
• Continuouslinepressurepermitted
• Thisisatestabledevice
BackSiphonage
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BackSiphonage
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ThePVBmustbeatleast12inchesabovethehighestsprinklerhead
BackSiphonage
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YardHydrants
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BackPressure
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BackPressure
Whenthepressureintheplumbingsystemcanriseabovethepressureinthewatersupply
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BackPressure
takenfromwww.city.ames.ia.us/waterweb/Water_Meter/Backflow_Events.ht
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• Double‐checkvalvewithintermediateatmosphericvent(DCVIAV)
• Forlowlevelhazard(tasteandodor)
• Backpressurepermitted
• Linepressurepermitted
• Nottestable
BackPressure
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• Reducedpressurezonebackflowpreventerassembly(RPZ)
• Forhighlevelhazard• Backpressure
permitted• Linepressure
permitted• Requiretestingand
mustbemaintained
BackPressure
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BackPressure
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• Thisdeviceiscommontodairyoperations.
• Itinnotlistedasanapprovedback‐flowprotection.
BackPressure
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DeviceTesting
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DeviceTesting
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DeviceTesting
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DeviceTesting
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DeviceTesting
•Abackflowpreventionrebuildercertificationallowstheholder,whomustalsoholdacurrentplumbinglicense,toperformtheinstallation,maintenance,testing,repair,replacementorrebuildingofreducedpressurezonebackflowpreventionassemblies.CurrentASSE5130and5110certificationisrequiredforthisregistration.
•Abackflowpreventiontestercertificationlimitstheholdertotestingreducedpressurezonebackflowpreventionassemblies.Aplumberlicenseisnotrequiredtoobtainatestercertification,thoughcurrentASSE5110certificationisrequired.
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DeviceTesting
•
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WaterSofteners
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Getthedrainsoffthefloorandoutofthefloordrains
Drains
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Remembertheairgap
Drains
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• Noairgap• Greenhoseisnot
approvedforwaterdistribution.
NotYet
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Drainmaterialmustmeettherequirementsforwaterdistribution.
Closebutnocigar
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• Properairgap• Materialapprovedfor
waterdistribution.
Nowthat’sbetter
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FederalSafeDrinkingWaterAct(SDWA)regarding"lead‐free"plumbing
EffectiveJan.4,2014,theReductioninLeadDrinkingWaterActrequiresalldrinkingwatersystemmaterialsandproductsincludingplumbingpipes,fittingsandfixturesintroducedintocommerceorforusemustmeetthenew"lead‐free"definition.Thisdefinitionhasbeenrevisedfromnotmorethan8percenttomean"notmorethanaweightedaverageof0.25%leadwhenusedwithrespecttothewettedsurfacesofpipes,pipefittings,plumbingfittingsandfixtures."
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FederalSafeDrinkingWaterAct(SDWA)regarding"lead‐free"plumbing
• Couldtheproductcomeincontactwithdrinkingwater?
• IfNOthenitdoesnothavetomeettheleadfreerequirements
• IfYESthen‐‐‐‐‐‐
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FederalSafeDrinkingWaterAct(SDWA)regarding"lead‐free"plumbing
• Istheproductatoilet,bidet,urinal,fillvalve,showervalve,servicesaddle,orwaterdistributionmaingatevalvelargerthan2inches?
• IfYESthentheproductdoesnotneedtomeetthelead‐freerequirement.
• IfNOthen‐‐‐
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FederalSafeDrinkingWaterAct(SDWA)regarding"lead‐free"plumbing
• Istheproductusedexclusivelyfornonpotableservicesorwherethewaterisnotanticipatedtobeusedforhumanconsumption?
• IFNOthen:Productmustmeetthenewlead‐freerequirement
• IfYESthen:Productdoesnotneedtomeetthelead‐freerequirement
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"Thereisnoquestionthatourhealthhasimprovedspectacularlyinthepastcentury.Onethingseemscertain:itdidnothappenbecauseofmedicine,ormedicalscience,oreventhepresenceof
doctors."
"Muchofthecreditshouldgototheplumbersandengineersofthewesternworld.Thecontaminationofdrinkingwaterby
humanfeceswasatonetimethegreatestcauseofhumandiseaseanddeathforus...(but)whentheplumbersandsanitaryengineers
haddonetheirworkintheconstructionofourcities,thesediseasesbegantovanish."
‐ LewisThomas(medicalresearcherandessayist,1913‐1993)52
MinnesotaDepartmentofLaborandIndustry
JamesPetersonPlumbingProgram• Phone:(651)284‐5889• E‐mail:[email protected]
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