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Cropping systems with Plantain/Banana In
Nigeria
National Horticultural Research Institute
Musa production country wide
Hectares Total production
(metric tons)
Tons exported
7,720,754 6,320,000 Negligible
National production by cultivar group
Cultivar group Hectares Total production
tonnes
Names important
cultivars
1 Cavendish
AAA
327,600 608,000
2 Gros Michel
AAA
109,200 121,600
3 other AAA
dessert types
873,600 790,400 ‘Omini’ (Green & Red),
‘Paranta’
4 East African
Highland AAA
- -
5 Plantain AAB 3,003,000 3,600,000 ‘Agbagba’, ‘Red Ogoni’,
6 other AAB,
including South
Pacific plantains
819,000 864,000 French plantain,
‘Asogba’
7 ABB cooking
bananas
273,000 240,000
8 Diploid types 54,600 96,000
National production by cultivar group x production
system Production
system/cultivar gp
Hectares Total production
tonnes
Names important
cultivars
[1] Assoc. with
Perennial Crops 1,516,353.08
1,580,796.60
Plantain AAB, Other
AAB,
[2] AFC int. Musa
(4-5yrs)
2,395,635.26
1,379,915.79
Plantain AAB, Other
AAB, Cavendish, Gross
Mich., Other dessert
[3] P. Musa + AFC 2,443,731.38
2,222,703.73
Plantain AAB, Other
AAB, Cavendish, Gross
Mich., Cooking banana
Other dessert
[4] Musa + short AFC
@ estabmt. 936,410.14
662,137.33
Plantain AAB, Other
AAB, Cavendish, Gross
Mich., Cooking banana
Other dessert
[5] P. Musa monocrop 428,643.00
503,511.52
Plantain AAB, Other
AAB, Cavendish, Gross
Mich., Cooking banana
Other dessert
Production
in the most {1b} important production zone in the country
by the different production systems Production
system
Hectares Total production
tonnes
% banana / plantain
production for market [1] Assoc. with
Perennial Crops 990,566.76 1,168,868.78 95%
[2] AFC int. Musa
(4-5yrs) 1,142,961.65 828,647.20 85%
[3] P. Musa + AFC 952,468.04 881,032.94 85%
Climate for production zone Average annual rainfall: 2500mm Number of dry months
(less than 60 mm/month): 3 months
Average temperature: 27oC
Production
in the second most {1a} important production zone
by the different production systems Production
system
Hectares Total
production
tonnes
% banana / plantain
production for market
[1] Assoc. with
Perennial Crops
238,297.65 204,935.98
85%
[2] AFC int. Musa
(4-5yrs) 304,997.00
99,124.03
85%
[3] P. Musa + AFC 247,810.10 130,100.30 90%
Climate for production zone Average annual rainfall: 1250mm Number of dry months (less than 60 mm/month): 5 months Average temperature: 27oC
Production
in the third most {1c} important production zone
by the different production systems Production
system
Hectares Total
production
tonnes
% banana / plantain
production for market
[1] Assoc. with
Perennial Crops
287,488.67
206,991.84 60%
[3] P. Musa + AFC
670,806.89 352,173.62 55%
[4] Musa + short
AFC @ estabmt.
47,9147.78
263,531.28
60%
Climate for production zone Average annual rainfall: 2000mm Number of dry months (less than 60 mm/month): 5 months Average temperature: 27oC
Production
in the fourth most important {2} production zone
by the different production systems
Production
system
Hectares Total
production
tonnes
% banana /
plantain production
for market [2] AFC int.
Musa (4-5yrs)
307690.57
356921.0612
65%
[3] P. Musa +
AFC
376066.26 770935.833
65%
Climate for production zone Average annual rainfall: 1000mm Number of dry months (less than 60 mm/month): 7 months Average temperature: 35oC
Describe cropping system for most important production system from establishment to end of year 3
• Manual Field clearing leaving few trees/shrubs that are not disturbing followed by trash burning.
• Cocoa seedlings planted and plantain intercropped within. Short duration crops (SDC) (maize, melon) comes in mainly in first year.
• Management practices (weeding, fertilization etc)
• Maize and/or melon harvested, then cassava.
• In the second year cocoyam may be planted and harvested.
• Propping done at fruiting and harvesting done at fruit maturity.
• Plantain harvested the second year, excess sucker transferred to increase plant population or given out.
• Plantain cont. with cocoa until canopy closed out.
Describe cropping practices for most important production system:
Year 1: Planting density of banana/plantain :– 800 -900 plants/ha average size of field: 2 ha Source of suckers: Purchase, Neighbours, own farm Sucker preparation practices: Only desuckering and atimes paring Associated crops including months in crop cycle and yield: 1. Cocoa 2. Maize 3. Cocoyam 4. Melon 5. Cassava Note: Not all, depending on the interest of the farmer. Cropping practices done by men: Clearing, Burning, Planting, weeding, Cropping practices done by women: Packing of trash, Planting, weeding, Who sells banana/plantain? Women mainly. Some men in the North. What market? Local market (Farm gate, Retail and whole sale)
Year 2: Replanting of banana/plantain: Unless there are missing stands. Banana/plantain yield: bunches/hectare, kg/bunch: 12-15kg/bunch Additional associated crops including months in crop cycle and yield: 1. Cocoyam (6-9months) 2. Maize (3 months) 3. Cassava (12 months) Cropping practices done by men: Weeding, Propping, Harvesting, Porters transporting to collection point (Road side) Cropping practices done by women: Leaves removal, Bunch movement, Selling of produce, marketing, processing/value addition
Year 3: Replanting of banana/plantain: Banana/plantain yield: bunches/hectare, kg/bunch : 9-11Kg/bunch Additional associated crops including months in crop cycle and yield: 1. Cocoyam 2. Vegetables Cropping practices done by men: As stated above Cropping practices done by women: As stated above
Seasonal price fluctuation for bunch – farm gate
“Price/Kg”
Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 194.7 174.6 173.3 280.0 280.0 300.0 300.0 300.0 179.1 168.3 178.7 162.5
Seasonal distribution of bunches for one hectare crop field
“bunches harvested per month”
Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Practices currently used to maintain land productivity : Using of rejuvenated land, Application of inorganic fertilizer (when available), Mulching with Farm refuse. Limiting factors for banana/plantain yield: Over reliance on natural rainfall, Paucity of clean healthy Planting materials, Soil fertility, Pest build-up Inadequate field management (desuckering, fertilizer),. Limiting factors for total yield from cropping system: Improper consideration of crop density and soil fertility use in the mixture.
Describe cropping system for second most important production system from establishment to end of year 3
• Manual Field clearing leaving few trees/shrubs that are not disturbing followed by trash burning.
• Perennial plantain planted, followed by AFC. Short term crops (maize or melon) comes in.
• Weeding and fertilizer application (usually not intended for cassava)
• Maize and/or melon harvested, then cassava.
• In the second year cocoyam may be planted and harvested.
• Propping done at fruiting and harvesting done at fruit maturity.
• Plantain harvested the second year, excess sucker transferred to increase plant population of given out.
Describe cropping practices for second most important production system:
Year 1: Planting density of banana/plantain – average size of field: 820 -900 plant/ha Source of suckers: Purchase, Neighbours, own farm Sucker preparation practices: Only desuckering and atimes paring Associated crops including months in crop cycle and yield: 1. Cassava 2. Maize 3. Cocoyam 4. Melon 5. Vegetables Cropping practices done by men: As stated earlier Cropping practices done by women: As stated earlier Who sells banana/plantain? Farmer, whole-salers, retailers What market? As stated earlier
Year 2: Replanting of banana/plantain: Banana/plantain yield: bunches/hectare, kg/bunch Additional associated crops including months in crop cycle and yield: 1. 2. Cropping practices done by men: Cropping practices done by women:
Year 3: Replanting of banana/plantain: Banana/plantain yield: bunches/hectare, kg/bunch Additional associated crops including months in crop cycle and yield: 1. 2. Cropping practices done by men: Cropping practices done by women:
Seasonal price fluctuation for bunch – farm gate
“Price/bunch”
Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Seasonal distribution of bunches for one hectare crop field
“bunches harvested per month”
Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
- - -
Practices currently used to maintain land productivity Compost (Farm trash) Shifting cultivation/ Natural rejuvenation Limiting factors for banana/plantain yield: Over reliance on natural rainfall, Paucity of clean healthy Planting materials, Soil fertility, Pest build-up Limiting factors for total yield from cropping system: As stated above.
Status of cropping systems research:
Is cropping systems research being done in your country? Yes Organizations/scientists: Many Research Institutes and Universities work on different cropping systems, but the long gestation period of Musa cropping systems and inadequate facilities limit the extent in many institutes. Focus of work: Crop combinations, Economic advantages. Recent publications: Aiyelaagbe I.O.O. and Kintomo A.A. 2013: component interactions and productivity of plantain intercropped with fluted pumpkin. Acta Horticulturae 1007: 603-609.
Akinyemi, S. O. S., Aiyelaagbe, I. O.O. and Akyeampong, E. (2010). Plantain (Musa spp.) cultivation in Nigeria: A Review of Its Production, Marketing and Research in the last two Decades. Acta Horticulturae 879: 211 – 218.
Aiyelaagbe, I.O.O.; Odeleye, O.M.O And Akinyemi, S.O.S. (2001). Component Interactions And Productivity Response Of Plantain-cocoyam Mixture In South-western Nigeria. Nigerian Journal Of Horticulture. 5: 83-87. Akinyemi S.O.S. And H. Tijani-eniola (2001): Intercropping Plantain Systems With Crops Of Different Maturities And Population Densities. Tropical Agriculture Journal (Trinidad And Tobago). 79 (2): 71-75. Akinyemi S.O.S. And H. Tijani-eniola (2000): Effects Of Cassava Density On Productivity Of Plantain And Cassava Intercropping System. Fruits (France). 55: 17-23.
Status of cropping systems intensification: other
Is cropping systems intensification with plantains being promoted by government or private sector? Yes, by both Organizations/scientists: Federal Ministry of Agriculture, ADP’s and Ministries of Agriculture Focus of work: Supplying of Planting material (Cocoa)