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The Croatian language is the official language of the Republic of
Croatia.
It belongs to the group of South-Slavic languages, along with
Slovene, Bosnian, Serbian, Montenegrin, Macedonian and Bulgarian.
The two other large groups of Slavic languages are West-Slavic
(Czech, Slovak, Polish) and East-Slavic (Russian, Belarussian, and
Ukrainian).
Throughout the history this language has not always been called
Croatian. Instead it was called by various names such as Illyrian,
Slovin, Slavonian, Dalmatian and others.
Croatian was the only European language that was
written in three different scripts:
• angular Glagolitic (from the 9th century)
• Western Cyrillic (from the 12th century)
• Latin (from the 14th century).
With time the Latin script prevailed, but even in the 19th
century we can still find some documents written in
Glagolitic script.
ery important monument, containing an inscription written
in the Croatian Glagolitic alphabet is a stone tablet – Bašćanska
ploča (Baška Stone Tablet), dating from the end of 11th century,
found in the church of St. Lucy near the town of Baška on the
island of Krk. It contains about 400 Glagolitic characters
Its particular importance lies in the following three words carved
in stone:
ZVONIMIR, THE CROATIAN KING.
Table of Croatian Glagolitic Script on the BaškaTablet.
The Latex font created by D.Ž., using METAFONT.
The tradition of the Croatian Cyrillic Script goes back to
the 12th century and lasted continuously until the 18th
century, with sporadic uses even in the 20th century.
This Script was in use among the Croats in Dalmatia
(especially in the Split and Makarska hinterland), in the
Dubrovnik region and in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
The Croatian Latin was mostly designed by Ljudevit Gaj, who
modelled it after Czech and Polish, and invented ⟨lj⟩, ⟨nj⟩ and ⟨dž⟩.
Gaj followed the example of Pavao Ritter Vitezović and the Czech
orthography, making one letter of the Latin script for each sound in
the language.
The alphabet consists of thirty symbols:
A, B, C, Č, Ć, D, Đ, DŽ, E, F, G, H, I, J, K,
L, LJ,M, N,NJ, O, P, R, S, Š, T, U, V, Z, Ž
A, aAlgebra
Apsolutna vrijednost = Apsolute Values |x|
Aritmetička sredina = Aritmetic Mean𝑎+𝑏
2
Algebarski razlomak = Algebraic Fraction2𝑥+3𝑦
𝑥2
Asocijacija = Associative property
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐
B, b
Broj = Number
Baza = Base 𝑎3
Binomni koeficijent = Binomial coefficients𝑛𝑘
Brojnik = Numerator
Brojevni pravac = Number line
Binomni poučak = Binomial theorem
C, c
Centralna simetrija = Point Symmetry
Cijeli brojevi = Whole numbers ℤ
Č,č Ć,ć
Četiri = Four 4
Čunosječice = Conic Section
D,d
Dva = Two 2 , Devet = Nine 9, Deset = Ten 10
Dužina = Line segment
Domena funkcije = Functions Domen
Dijeljenje = Division 27: 3, 𝑎7: 𝑎2
Drugi korijen = Square root 𝑎
Đ, đ John Dž, dž
E,e
Eksponent = Exponents 𝑎7
Element = Elements
F, f
Funkcija = Functions 𝑓 𝑥Fokus elipse = Focus of an ellipse
Formula dvostrukog kuta = Double-angel formulas
G,g
Graf = Graph,
Geometrijska sredina = Geometric mean
H,h
Horizontalni test = Horizontal line test
Harmonijska sredina = Harmonic mean
I, i
Interval = Intervals 𝑎, 𝑏 , 𝑎, 𝑏Inverzna funkcija = Inverse functions 𝑓−1(𝑥)Imaginarni broj = Imaginary number 3𝑖
J, j
Jedan = One 1 Jedanaest = Eleven 11
Jednadžba = Equations 3𝑥 + 2 = 5Jednakost = Identity 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 = 1
K, k
Kompleksni broj = Complex number 3 + 2𝑖Kružnica = Circle , Kvadrat = Square
Kompozicija funkcija = Composite function 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 𝑥Kvadratna jednadžba = Quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
Kosa asimptota = Slant Asymptotes 𝑘 = lim𝑥→∞
𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥
Koeficijent smjera pravca = Slope of line 𝑘 =𝑦2−𝑦1
𝑥2−𝑥1
Kut =Angle Kosinus = Cosine
Koordinate točke = Coordinate T(x,y)
L, l
Linearna nejednadžba = Linear inequalities 2𝑥 + 3 < 5Logaritamska funkcija = Logarithmic functions 𝑓 𝑥 = log𝑎 𝑥
Limes = Limit(s) lim𝑛→∞
1 +1
𝑛
𝑛
LJ, lj Ljiljana
M, mMetoda parcijalne integracije = Integration by Parts
Množenje = Multiplication
Mreža kocke = Cube net
N,nNazivnik razlomka = Denominator
Neprekidna funkcija = Continuous functions
Niz = Sequence 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 − 1Najmanji zajednički višekratnik = Least common denominator
Neodređeni integral = Indefinite Integration 𝑥𝑑𝑥
Nula = Zero 0
Neparna funkcija = Odd function 𝑓 −𝑥 = −𝑓(𝑥)Negativan broj = Negative number
Nj,nj
O,oOs – Axis
Opseg kružnice = Circumference of circle 𝑜 = 2𝑟𝜋Osam = Eight 8, Osamnaest = Eighteen 18
Obujam = Volume 𝑉 = 𝑎3
Oplošje = Surface area 𝑂 = 6𝑎2
P, pPovršina = Area Pravac = Line
Prirodni brojevi = Natural numbers
Pet = Five 5, Petnaest = Fiffteen 15
R, rRealni brojevi = Real numbers ℝRacionalni brojevi = Rational numbersℚRavnina = Plane Rotacija = Rotation
Red = Series
S, s
Sedam = Seven 7 Stožac = Cone
Skup = Set
Simetrala kuta = Bisector of angle, Središte = Center
Š, š
Šest = Six 6
Šiljasti kut = Acute angle
T, tTri = Three 3
Težišnica =Median Točka = Point
Tjeme parabole = Vertex of Parabola
Trigonometrijske funkcije = Trigonometric functions
Trokut = Triangle
U, uUdaljenost točaka = The Distance Formula
Umnožak polinoma = Multiplication of polynomials
Unija skupova = Union of sets
Usporedni pravci = Parallel line
V, vVisina = Altitude
Vektor = Vector
Valjak = Cylinder
Z, zZajednički djelitelj = Common factor
Zadatak = Problem
Zbroj = Addition
Ž, žŽarište hiperbole = Focus of a hyperbola