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Croatian Chamber of Trades and Crafts
APPRENTICESHIP AS A SUCCESSFUL TRADITION AND
AN INNOVATION IN CROATIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM
Mr.sc. Olga LuiMirela Franović, prof.
INTRODUCTION
Croatian Chamber of Trades and Crafts association of tradesmen and craftsmen
established over 150 years ago represents the interests of tradesmen and
craftsmen provides advisory services to its members
and potential members has a public authority in the field of education
EDUCATION REGULATED BY TRADES AND CRAFTS LAW
Education for trades and crafts is regulated by the Trades and Crafts Law
The Trades and Crafts Law integrates the tradition in this field of education and the new developments in EU education policies
EDUCATION REGULATED BY TRADES AND CRAFTS LAW
Partnership between work and education (shared responsibility for learning outcomes): Croatian Chamber of Trades and Crafts, Ministry of Economy, Labour and Entrepreneurship and Ministry of Education and Sport
Influence of partners on the implementation of training programs (theory – in schools; the largest part of practice – in trades and crafts businesses)
EDUCATION REGULATED BY TRADES AND CRAFTS LAW
Apprenticeship contract - regulates the responsibilities of tradesmen/craftsmen in the implementation of practical training programs
Licensing of trades/crafts businesses - practical training providers: external assessment of conditions
EDUCATION REGULATED BY TRADES AND CRAFTS LAW
Influence of Chambers of Trades and Crafts on establishing enrolment rates for trades and crafts’ occupations (Croatian Chamber of Trades and Crafts and regional Chambers of Trades and Crafts)
External assessment of competences at secondary school level and LLL level (examination boards for Journeyman, Master Craftsman and Vocational Competence Exams) and issuing certificates for these types of qualifications
EDUCATION REGULATED BY TRADES AND CRAFTS LAW
To start and manage a trade/craft business a certain level of qualifications is required (regulated professions)
Acquiring qualifications by recognition of informal learning – recognition of practical experience without prior formal learning through examinations
Tradesmen and craftsmen’s participation in the practical part of education (practical experience and knowledge of trainers - master craftsmen, means of work, payment of apprentices)
STUDIES
In the framework of foreign projects different studies on the characteristics of vocational education and training oriented towards labour market were conducted.
The GTZ project main goal is defined as „The vocational education and training offers comply with the needs of small and medium sized enterprises“.
STUDIES
The goal of evaluation studies: to describe the state of education and
training for trades and crafts, with the stress on practical implementation
to give basic recommendations for the improvement of education, especially for the introduction of new qualifications needed in labour market (automechatronic and water, gas, heating and air fitter)
AUTOMECHANIC
AUTOELECTRIC
COMPARISON OF TRADITIONAL ANDNEW PROGRAMS IN STRUCTURE AND CONTENT
AUTOMECHATRONIC
HEATING AND AIR FITTER
WATER FITTER
GAS FITTER
WATER, GAS, HEATING AND AIR FITTER
COMPARISON OF TRADITIONAL ANDNEW PROGRAMS IN STRUCTURE AND CONTENT
METHODICAL APPROACH
analysis and evaluation of the documents available at Croatian Chamber of Trades and Crafts
discussions and “round tables“ with the representatives of ministries and headmasters of VET schools
analysis of regulations (laws and bylaws)
METHODICAL APPROACH
analysis of new educational plans and programs (automechatronic and water, gas, heating and air fitter) and identifying the advantages and disadvantages in relation to the existing programs as well as the influence of learning outcomes on the development of qualifications oriented towards labour market
METHODICAL APPROACH
survey of 3 different target groups in 3 Croatian towns:
theory and practice teachers in four VET schools
apprentices in 11 different occupations 15 tradesmen/craftsmen who provide
apprenticeship training
METHODICAL APPROACH
interviews with representatives of Chambers of Trades and Crafts, Employment Agencies and competent agencies (VET Agency, Agency for Adult Education)
examining the quality of cooperation between different stakeholders in the apprenticeship process
METHODICAL APPROACH
the research had two phases (Phase I: 2006-2008 and Phase II 2008-2009)
the result: study „Vocational education and training oriented towards labour market“
RESULTS
Recommendations for future development: systematic harmonisation of national education
system for trades and crafts’ occupations with the European educational and occupational standards (NQF-EQF),
strengthening the role of trade and crafts’ businesses as practical training providers; reducing the role of theory (VET schools)
determination of an appropriate relation between general and practical subject matter - general subject matter should be more oriented towards the occupation
RESULTS
Recommendations for future development: improving cooperation between ministries, agencies,
chambers, trade and crafts’ businesses and VET schools; the goal is a better adjustment of education to labour market needs and a better acknowledgement of trade and craft occupations in the society
developing the system of further education, with the aim of strengthening LLL and development of professional career
strengthening social competencies of individuals in VET (realisation of their goals, active civil society awareness, involvement in civil events and capability of finding their place in labour market)
NECESSARY ACTIVITIES
placing a larger part of education in the real working environment
establishing competence centres harmonising the Apprenticeship Contract
with the Employment Contractimproving and interrelating the standards of
practical and theoretical knowledge, securing the quality of education
NECESSARY ACTIVITIES
improving teacher quality and teaching methods - a new orientation in planning, organisation and implementation - continuous training of teachers and master craftsmen – trainers
increasing the interest of employers for the young generation
encouraging schools to adapt to the needs of labour market more quickly
Thank you for your attention !
The studies are available at www.projekt-sbk.com