In January 2016 Tihomir Oreškoviç was sworn in asprime minister of Croatia as the nonpartisan techno-cratic head of a centre-right coalition government.

Oreškoviç, a pharmaceutical executive who held dualCroatian and Canadian citizenship, was chosen for hisfinancial acumen, as Croatia struggled to maintain its frag-ile economic recovery. After just five months in office,however, Oreškoviç’s government was toppled by a voteof no confidence after a bribery scandal enveloped one ofhis deputy prime ministers. The Croatian DemocraticUnion (HDZ) emerged as the winner in snap electionsheld on September 11, and the following month HDZleader Andrej Plenkoviç was confirmed as prime ministerat the head of a centre-right coalition government.

DemographyPopulation (2016): 4,195,000.Density (2016): persons per sq mi191.9, persons per sq km 74.1.

Sex distribution (2011): male 48.22%;female 51.78%.

Population projection: (2020)4,133,000; (2030) 3,949,000.

Major cities (2011): Zagreb 688,163;Split 167,121; Rijeka 128,384;Osijek 84,104; Zadar 71,471.

Urban-rural (2014):

Vital statisticsBirth rate per 1,000 population (2015): 9.5 (world avg. 19.5).Death rate per 1,000 population (2015): 12.2 (world avg. 8.1).Life expectancy at birth (2015): male 73.0 years; female 80.4years.

Age breakdown (2011):

Ethnic composition (2011):

Religious affiliation (2011):

Croatia

Official name: Republika Hrvatska(Republic of Croatia).

Form of government: multiparty republicwith one legislative house (CroatianParliament [151]).

Head of state: President Kolinda Grabar-Kitaroviç.

Head of government: Prime MinisterAndrej Plenkoviç.

Capital: Zagreb.Official language: Croatian.Official religion: none1.Monetary unit: kuna (kn; plural kune);valuation (Sept. 5, 2016) 1 U.S.$ = kn 6.73; 1 £ = kn 8.95.

Area and populationarea population area population

2014 2014Counties sq km estimate Counties sq km estimate

Bjelovar-Bilogora 2,640 115,536Dubrovnik-Neretva 1,781 122,355Istra (Istria) 2,813 208,201Karlovac 3,626 124,127Koprivnica-Kri\evci 1,748 113,688Krapina-Zagorje 1,229 129,967Lika-Senj 5,353 48,670Medimurje 729 113,159Osijek-Baranja 4,155 298,272Po\ega-Slavonia 1,823 74,991Primorje-Gorski kotar 3,588 293,811Sibenik-Knin 2,984 105,532

Sisak-Moslavina 4,468 163,975Slavonski Brod-Posavina 2,030 154,082Split-Dalmatia 4,540 454,627Vara\din 1,262 173,454Virovitica-Podravina 2,024 82,162Vukovar-Srijem 2,454 173,441Zadar 3,646 171,462Zagreb 3,060 318,453

CityZagreb 641 798,424TOTAL 56,594 4,238,389

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National economyBudget (2013). Revenue: kn 125,879,000,000 (tax revenue 59.2%, ofwhich taxes on goods and services 42.9%, income/profit/capital gains taxes 13.3%; social security contri-butions 29.5%; nontax revenue 9.9%; grants 1.4%).Expenditures: kn 138,217,000,000 (social security andwelfare 43.3%; compensation of employees 24.9%;goods and services 11.2%; other 20.6%).

Public debt (external; December 2011): U.S.$66,300,-000,000.

Population economically active (2015): total 1,840,000;participation rates (2011): ages 15–74, 49.0%; male56.0%; female 44.0%; unemployed 16.3%, of whichyouth (ages 15–24) 43.0%.

Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture,forestry, fishing (2013): corn (maize) 1,874,372, sugar beets 1,050,715,wheat 998,940, barley 201,339, grapes 181,096, potatoes 162,501, sun-flower seeds 130,576, apples 128,211, soybeans 111,316, oats 60,178,tangerines, mandarins, and clementines 40,317, cabbages and otherbrassicas 34,542, olives 34,269, tomatoes 33,787; livestock (number oflive animals; 2014) 1,156,000 pigs, 605,000 sheep, 441,000 cattle;roundwood (2015) 5,925,949 cu m, of which fuelwood 39%; fisheriesproduction (2012) 74,664 (from aquaculture 14%). Mining and quar-rying (2013): dimension stone 973,784; crude gypsum and anhydrite114,450; silica sand 102,070. Manufacturing (value added in kn’000,000; 2007): food products, beverages, and tobacco 10,248; baseand fabricated metals 3,982; electrical equipment and machinery3,756; bricks, cement, and ceramics 3,581; coke, refined petroleumproducts, and nuclear fuel 3,106. Energy production (consumption):electricity (kW-hr; 2014) 13,479,000,000 (15,499,000,000), by source(2013): fossil fuels 33.8%; renewable energy 66.2%, of which hydro-electric 60.8%, wind energy 4.6%, biomass and waste 0.8%; coal(metric tons; 2011) none (1,120,000); crude petroleum (barrels;2011–126) 4,700,000 ([2011] 24,300,000); petroleum products (metrictons; 2012) 3,749,000 ([2011] 3,426,000); natural gas (cu m; 2013)1,856,000,000 ([2011] 3,064,000,000).

Gross national income (GNI; 2015): U.S.$53,619,000,000 (U.S.$12,690per capita); purchasing power parity GNI (U.S.$21,730 per capita).

Average household size (2011): 2.8.Land use as % of total land area (2009): in temporary crops 14.6%,left fallow 0.2%, in permanent crops 1.6%, in pasture 6.1%, forestarea 34.2%.

Foreign trade5

Imports (2013): >16,527,900,000 (machinery andtransportation equipment 22.7%, mineral fuels andlubricants 21.7%, basic manufactures 17.4%, chem-icals and chemical products 13.5%). Major import sources:

Exports (2013): >9,589,400,000 (machinery andtransportation equipment 24.1%, basic manufac-tures 15.7%, mineral fuels and lubricants 14.0%,miscellaneous manufactured articles 13.9%). Major export destinations:

Transport and communicationsTransport. Railroads (2014): route length 1,618 mi,2,604 km; passenger-km 927,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 2,119,000,000. Roads (2014): totallength 16,639 mi, 26,778 km (paved [2009] 91%);passenger-km 3,648,000,000; metric ton-km cargo

9,381,000,000. Vehicles (20107): passengercars 1,522,851; trucks and buses 165,625.

Education and healthLiteracy (2015): population age 15 and over literate99.3%; males 99.7%; females 98.9%.

Health (2014): physicians 5,963 (1 per 711 persons);hospital beds 25,219 (1 per 168 persons); infant mor-tality rate per 1,000 live births (2015) 5.8; undernour-ished population (2006–08) less than 5% of total pop-ulation based on the consumption of a minimum dailyrequirement of 1,980 calories.

MilitaryTotal active duty personnel (November 2015):16,550 (army 68.0%, navy 9.6%, air force11.2%, joint staff 11.2%); paramilitary3,000. Military expenditure as percentage ofGDP (2015): 1.4%; per capita expenditureU.S.$151.

1However, the Roman Catholic Church receives state financial support through concordats with theVatican. 2Taxes on products less subsidies. 3Includes 345,100 unemployed. 4Detail does not add tototal given because of rounding. 5Imports c.i.f.; exports f.o.b. 6April–March. 7June 30. 8Subscribers.

Internet resources for further information:• Croatian Bureau of Statistics www.dzs.hr/default_e.htm• Croatian National Bank www.hnb.hr/en/home

Structure of gross domestic product and labour force2013

in value % of total labour % of labourkn ’000,000 value force force

Agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing 11,885 3.6 57,700 3.4

Mining and quarrying 5,600 0.3Manufacturing 59,033 17.9 233,300 13.6Public utilities 37,100 2.2Construction 14,934 4.5 95,700 5.6Transp. and commun. 71,471 21.6 107,800 6.3Trade, restaurants 292,600 17.1Finance, real estate 70,811 21.4 153,500 9.0Pub. admin., defense 51,492 15.6 116,000 6.8Services 264,500 15.5Other 50,5112 15.32 345,6003 20.23

TOTAL 330,1354 100.04 1,709,400 100.0

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Communications units unitsnumber per 1,000 number per 1,000

Medium date in ’000s persons Medium date in ’000s persons

TelephonesCellular 2015 4,4168 1,0388

Landline 2015 1,477 347

Internet users 2009 2,234 506Broadband 2015 9868 2328

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