Opposition candidate Kolinda Grabar-Kitaroviçnarrowly topped incumbent Ivo Josipoviç in thesecond round of balloting in January 2015,

becoming Croatia’s first woman president. The electionwas seen as a referendum on Prime Minister ZoranMilanoviç’s centre-left government, and the defeat ofJosipoviç, who had enjoyed widespread popularitythroughout much of his term,signaled dissatisfaction withthe pace of Croatia’s econom-ic recovery. In July Croatiawithdrew from an arbitrationtribunal that convened toresolve a decades-old borderdispute with Slovenia afterrecordings emerged of aSlovenian government officialcoordinating strategy with aSlovenian member of thearbitration panel.

DemographyPopulation (2015): 4,232,000.Density (2015): persons per sq mi193.7, persons per sq km 74.8.

Sex distribution (2010): male48.26%; female 51.74%.

Population projection: (2020)4,160,000; (2030) 3,993,000.

Major cities (2011): Zagreb688,163; Split 167,121;Rijeka 128,384; Osijek84,104; Zadar 71,471.

Urban-rural (2011):

Vital statisticsBirth rate per 1,000 pop-ulation (2013): 9.4(world avg. 19.5).

Death rate per 1,000population (2013): 11.8(world avg. 8.1).

Life expectancy at birth(2013): male 72.6 years;female 80.0 years.

Age breakdown (2011):

Ethnic composition (2001): Religious affiliation (2001):

Croatia

Official name: Republika Hrvatska(Republic of Croatia).

Form of government: multiparty repub-lic with one legislative house (CroatianParliament [151]).

Head of state: President KolindaGrabar-Kitaroviç.

Head of government: Prime MinisterZoran Milanoviç.

Capital: Zagreb.Official language: Croatian.Official religion: none1.Monetary unit: kuna (kn; plural kune);valuation (Sept. 1, 2015) 1 U.S.$ = kn 6.71; 1 £ = kn 10.28.

Area and populationarea population area population

2013 2013Counties sq km estimate Counties sq km estimate

Bjelovar-Bilogora 2,640 116,959Dubrovnik-Neretva 1,781 122,197Istra (Istria) 2,813 207,793Karlovac 3,626 125,688Koprivnica-Kri\evci 1,748 114,346Krapina-Zagorje 1,229 130,895Lika-Senj 5,353 49,364Medimurje 729 113,417Osijek-Baranja 4,155 300,950Po\ega-Slavonia 1,823 75,801Primorje-Gorski kotar 3,588 294,705Sibenik-Knin 2,984 106,540

Sisak-Moslavina 4,468 167,036Slavonski Brod-Posavina 2,030 155,956Split-Dalmatia 4,540 454,711Vara\din 1,262 174,434Virovitica-Podravina 2,024 83,029Vukovar-Srijem 2,454 175,932Zadar 3,646 171,594Zagreb 3,060 318,837

CityZagreb 641 795,505TOTAL 56,594 4,255,689

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National economyBudget (2010). Revenue: kn 107,466,351,000 (tax revenue 58.5%, ofwhich VAT 35.1%, excise taxes 11.1%, corporatetaxes 6.0%; social security contributions 36.0%;nontax revenue 4.9%; grants 0.6%). Expenditures:kn 120,323,332,000 (social security and welfare47.3%; compensation of employees 25.8%; goodsand services 6.4%; other 20.5%).

Public debt (external; December 2011):U.S.$66,300,000,000.

Population economically active (2014): total (2010)1,747,000; participation rates: ages 15–64, 58.9%;female 46.4%; unemployed 17.3%, of which youth(ages 15–24) 45.5%.

Production (metric tons except as noted).Agriculture, forestry, fishing (2012): corn (maize) 1,297,590, wheat999,681, sugar beets 960,000, barley 235,778, grapes 183,500, potatoes151,278, soybeans 96,000, oats 94,542, sunflower seeds 90,019, olives50,945, tangerines, mandarins, and clementines 50,800, apples 42,400,tomatoes 25,418, cabbages and other brassicas 23,093; livestock (num-ber of live animals; 2013) 1,110,000 pigs, 620,000 sheep, 442,000 cattle;roundwood (2013) 5,714,000 cu m, of which fuelwood 27%; fisheriesproduction 74,664 (from aquaculture 14%). Mining and quarrying(2012): ceramic clay (2010) 300,000; crude steel 109,000; ornamentalstone (2008) 1,000,000 sq m. Manufacturing (value added in kn’000,000; 2007): food products, beverages, and tobacco 10,248; baseand fabricated metals 3,982; electrical equipment and machinery3,756; bricks, cement, and ceramics 3,581; coke, refined petroleumproducts, and nuclear fuel 3,106. Energy production (consumption):electricity (kW-hr; 20136) 14,065,000,000 (15,729,000,000), by source(2012): fossil fuels 50.4%; renewable energy 49.6%, of which hydro-electric 45.3%, wind energy 3.3%, biomass and waste 0.9%, solarenergy 0.1%; coal (metric tons; 2011) none (1,120,000); crude petrole-um (barrels; 2011–126) 4,700,000 ([2011] 24,300,000); petroleum prod-ucts (metric tons; 2011) 3,383,000 (3,426,000); natural gas (cu m;2011–126) 2,192,000,000 ([2011] 3,064,000,000).

Gross national income (GNI; 2014): U.S.$55,161,000,000 (U.S.$13,020per capita); purchasing power parity GNI (U.S.$20,560 per capita).

Average household size (2011): 2.8.Land use as % of total land area (2009): in temporary crops 14.6%,left fallow 0.2%, in permanent crops 1.6%, in pasture 6.1%, forestarea 34.2%.

Foreign trade5

Imports (2010): U.S.$20,067,000,000 (machinery andapparatus 25.7%, petroleum 14.6%, food 10.0%,base and fabricated metals 9.3%, roadvehicles/parts 4.9%). Major import sources:

Exports (2010): U.S.$11,811,000,000 (machinery andapparatus 31.7%, mineral fuels 12.5%, ships andboats [particularly tankers] 12.2%, chemicals andchemical products 11.4%, food 8.6%). Major export destinations:

Transport and communicationsTransport. Railroads (2011): route length 1,691 mi,2,722 km; passenger-km 1,486,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 2,438,000,000. Roads (2011): totallength 18,274 mi, 29,410 km (paved [2009] 91%);passenger-km 3,145,000,000; metric ton-km cargo

8,926,000,000. Vehicles (20107): passengercars 1,522,851; trucks and buses 165,625.

Education and healthLiteracy (2010): population age 15 and over literate98.8%; males 99.5%; females 98.2%.

Health (2010): physicians 12,341 (1 per 349 persons);hospital beds (2008) 24,000 (1 per 185 persons); infantmortality rate per 1,000 live births 4.4; undernourishedpopulation (2006–08) less than 5% of total populationbased on the consumption of a minimum dailyrequirement of 1,980 calories.

MilitaryTotal active duty personnel (November 2014):16,550 (army 68.0%, navy 9.6%, air force11.2%, joint staff 11.2%); paramilitary3,000. Military expenditure as percentage ofGDP (2013): 1.4%; per capita expenditureU.S.$182.

1However, the Roman Catholic Church receives state financial support through concordats with theVatican. 2Taxes on products less subsidies. 3Includes 345,100 unemployed. 4Detail does not add tototal given because of rounding. 5Imports c.i.f.; exports f.o.b. 6April–March. 7June 30. 8Subscribers.

Internet resources for further information:• Croatian Bureau of Statistics www.dzs.hr/default_e.htm• Croatian National Bank www.hnb.hr/eindex.htm

Structure of gross domestic product and labour force2013

in value % of total labour % of labourkn ’000,000 value force force

Agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing 11,885 3.6 57,700 3.4

Mining and quarrying 5,600 0.3Manufacturing 59,033 17.9 233,300 13.6Public utilities 37,100 2.2Construction 14,934 4.5 95,700 5.6Transp. and commun. 71,471 21.6 107,800 6.3Trade, restaurants 292,600 17.1Finance, real estate 70,811 21.4 153,500 9.0Pub. admin., defense 51,492 15.6 116,000 6.8Services 264,500 15.5Other 50,5112 15.32 345,6003 20.23

TOTAL 330,1354 100.04 1,709,400 100.0

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Communications units unitsnumber per 1,000 number per 1,000

Medium date in ’000s persons Medium date in ’000s persons

TelephonesCellular 2013 4,9128 1,1458

Landline 2013 1,577 368

Internet users 2009 2,234 506Broadband 2013 9248 2158

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