U.S. History TAKS ReviewSophomores Spring 2012

Social Studies Critical Thinking

In order to understand an event you need to look at its parts, or ANALYZE it.

Sequence – What order did the events take place?Categorize – How can the information be grouped?Cause and Effect – Why did it happen? What were the effects of the event?Compare and Contrast – What are the similarities and differences? The correct answer will have a characteristic

that is common to both things being compared.

Test questions might ask you to : Interpret information from a reading passage, a quotation, a chart, a graph or a map To organize events in chronological order (according to time) To categorize information To compare ideas To contrast ideas Identify the causes of an event Identify the effects of an event

SYNTHESIS asks you to combine information.

Draw Conclusions from the facts given and your own knowledgeSummarize – list the main points of the passageMake Generalizations – make general statements based on the facts given

Test questions might ask you to : Make a generalization from a series of facts or examples To summarize main ideas in a reading passage, quotation, or cartoon To draw a conclusion from a reading passage, a quotation, a chart, a graph or a map

INFERENCE asks you to draw logical conclusions from information.

Recognize Bias – recognize a preference, personal judgment or an unfair act or policy stemming from prejudice, fair or unfair, reasonable or unreasonable. Infer relationships – based on what you see or read, determine how one factor is related to anotherRecognize Points of View – recognize the position of the author or historical characterMake Predictions – based on what you have read and what you know, identify what logically might come nextMake Applications – determine how this principle may apply to another situation

Test questions might ask you to : Recognize bias in a reading passage or quotation Recognize the point of view of a speaker, author, or historical character Infer a geographic relationship Make a prediction based on information in a reading passage, quotation, chart, graph, or map Apply information to another situation

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U.S. History TAKS ReviewSophomores Spring 2012

Sequence and Summarize

1. Which best completes the timeline above?A. beginning of Revolutionary WarB. beginning of Civil WarC. beginning of War of 1812D. beginning of Mexican War

2. Which would be the most appropriate title for the events listed on the timeline?A. Milestones on the Road to DemocracyB. Highlights of the Civil War YearsC. Abraham Lincoln’s AdministrationD. The Road to War

3. What does the word chronological mean? A. arranged in order according to time

B. arranged at randomC. arranged according to spaceD. arranged according to importance

4. Which happened first?A. beginning of the Civil WarB. War of 1812C. Revolutionary WarD. World War I

Categorize

5. The Declaration of Independence mentions the natural laws of people that cannot be taken away and include rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Those rights are referred to as __.A. civil rightsB. unalienable rightsC. due process rightsD. states rights

6. Republicanism, popular sovereignty, limited government, constitutionalism, judicial review, federalism, separation of powers and checks and balances are all basic elements in U.S. government. These elements are referred to as the __ of U.S. government.

A. civil rightsB. foundation principlesC. due process rightsD. states rights

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1861 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865Commander David Emancipation Lincoln delivers Abraham Lincoln LeeFarragut captured Proclamation the Gettysburg reelected surrendersNew Orleans issued Address at Appomattox?

U.S. History TAKS ReviewSophomores Spring 2012

Compare and Contrast

7. Which statement best describes both Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin?A. They both signed the Mayflower Compact.B. They were ambassadors to France from the 13 colonies.C. They helped draft the Declaration of Independence.D. They were early Presidents of the United States.

Cause and Effect

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8. The information in the flow chart supports which effect?A. The drafting and approval of the Articles of ConfederationB. The drafting and approval of the Monroe DoctrineC. The drafting and approval of the Bill of RightsD. The drafting and approval of the U.S. Constitution.

9. The information in the flow chart supports which effect?A. Events leading to the outbreak of the American RevolutionB. Events leading to the outbreak of the War of 1812C. Events leading to the drafting and approval of the Bill of RightsD. Events leading to the drafting and approval of the U.S. Constitution.

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The King refused colonists the right to petition for a redress of grievances, and often punished them for asking.

The King quartered his troops in the colonists’ homes without their consent.

The King deprived some colonists of a trial by jury.

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1764Sugar Act

1765Stamp Act

1770Boston Massacre ?1773

Boston Tea Party

U.S. History TAKS ReviewSophomores Spring 2012

Critical ReadingThe Emancipation Proclamation

From the National Archives and Records Administration

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President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the

nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as

slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."

Despite this expansive wording, the Emancipation Proclamation was limited in many ways. It

applied only to states that had seceded from the Union, leaving slavery untouched in the loyal border states.

It also expressly exempted parts of the Confederacy that had already come under Northern control. Most

important, the freedom it promised depended upon Union military victory.

Although the Emancipation Proclamation did not immediately free a single slave, it fundamentally

transformed the character of the war. After January 1, 1863, every advance of federal troops expanded the

domain of freedom. Moreover, the Proclamation announced the acceptance of black men into the Union

Army and Navy, enabling the liberated to become liberators. By the end of the war, almost 200,000 black

soldiers and sailors had fought for the Union and freedom.

From the first days of the Civil War, slaves had acted to secure their own liberty. The

Emancipation Proclamation confirmed their insistence that the war for the Union must become a war for

freedom. It added moral force to the Union cause and strengthened the Union both militarily and politically.

As a milestone along the road to slavery's final destruction, the Emancipation Proclamation has assumed a

place among the great documents of human freedom.

10. What does the word emancipation mean?A. creating someoneB. giving someone citizenship rightsC. giving someone voting rightsD. freeing someone from the control of another

11. What key idea(s) in the reading help you determine the meaning of the word emancipation?A. Line 15: “…slaves acted to secure their own

libertyB. Line 19: “…has assumed a place among the

great documents of human freedom.”C. Lines 2 and 3: “The proclamation declared "that

all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."

D. Both B and C

E.12. Who did the Emancipation Proclamation apply to?

A. No one immediately.B. Only slaves in the Confederacy.C. All slaves held in North America.D. Everyone in the United States.

13. In addition to ordering the freeing of slaves in the seceded states, what other milestone was achieved by the Emancipation Proclamation?A. Hispanics were allowed to join the Union

Army and Navy.B. Blacks were given citizenship rights.C. Black men were given the right to vote.D. Black men were allowed to join the Union

Army and Navy.

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U.S. History TAKS ReviewSophomores Spring 2012

Point of View

14. In this cartoon by Dr. Seuss, which statement best reflects the point of view of the cartoonist?A. Seuss believed that Negro labor and Jewish

labor was not needed in the war effort.B. Seuss believed that Negroes and Jews were

important to the war effort.C. Seuss felt Negroes and Jews were being treated

unfairly by employers.D. Seuss felt it was time to sacrifice Negroes and

Jews to further the war effort.

15. Which is true about Jim Crow?A. Jim Crow laws applied strictly to Negroes.B. Jim Crow laws were intended to protect

minorities.C. Jim Crow laws eliminated racism in

America.D. Jim Crow laws were used to discriminate

against minorities in America.

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U.S. History TAKS ReviewSophomores Spring 2012

This cartoon by Thomas Nast was published in Harper’s Weekly on January 24, 1863. It’s caption reads, “The Emancipation of Negroes, January, 1963 – the past and future.” On the left are the horrors of slavery of the past – heartless slave auctions, the division of families and brutal punishment of slaves. On the right are the benefits of emancipation – liberty, public education and paid employment.

16. Thomas Nast viewed the Emancipation Proclamation as __.A. An injustice for slave owners.B. An event that slave families would not welcome.C. An opportunity for women to gain the right to vote.D. An opportunity for slave families to be reunited with the benefits of life in the United States.

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U.S. History TAKS ReviewSophomores Spring 2012

Drawing Conclusions and Bias

Both photographs below, taken by Ansel Adams at Manzanar, are part of his “Great Injustice Series” of photographs.

17. In February 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, ordering the internment (confinement) of 120,000 people of Japanese descent; 2/3rds were American citizens. The main reason for having these people confined was the frenzy of the American public against Japan after the attack on Pearl Harbor. This photograph of the Manzanar Japanese Relocation Center was taken in 1943. Based on an examination of the photograph, what conclusion can be drawn?A. The photograph was most likely taken in a Northern state.B. The area the Japanese Americans were held in was very desolate.C. The photograph was taken on a Sunday.D. The climate of the area is most likely cool and humid.

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18. Taking into consideration where the girls are, why they are there and the title of Adams’ series, which of the following, would you conclude, best describes Adams’ reason for taking the photograph?A. neutralB. angryC. sympatheticD. prejudiced

U.S. History TAKS ReviewSophomores Spring 2012

19. What does the word “suffrage” refer to on this map?

A. the right to vote B. the right to hold a job C. the right to attend a university D. the right to hold public governmental office

20. Based on the map above, which region of the nation was most supportive of women’s suffrage before the passage of the 19th Amendment? A. The northeastern US B. The southern US C. The western US D. The states of the original 13 colonies

Infer Relationships and Make Generalizations

Resource North SouthPopulation 71% 29%Railroad Mileage 72% 28%Iron and Steel Production 93% 7%Farms 65% 35%

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21. One inference that can be made from the information given in the chart above is that just prior to the Civil War __.A. the North could raise an army five

times larger than that of the South.B. the South was economically stronger

than the North.C. the South was poorly equipped to

fight a war against the North.D. the South was more industrialized

than the North.

22. What generalization about the period just prior to the Civil War can best be supported by the information given in the chart above?A. the North had a stronger government

than the South.B. the North was smaller than the

South.C. the South was more highly

industrialized than the North.D. the North was more highly

industrialized than the South.

U.S. History TAKS ReviewSophomores Spring 2012

Making A Prediction

24. The man holding the book has “The White American” written on his back. Based on an examination of the cartoon, what action would the cartoonist most likely support?A. Acceptance by all people that there really is no difference between Negroes and Whites.B. Implementation of Jim Crow Laws throughout America that would keep Blacks as 2nd class citizens or as

close to the condition of slavery as possible.C. Increased membership in the Ku Klux Klan.D. Passage of the 19th Amendment.

23. The sign over the entry in this Dr. Seuss cartoon reads “Negro Job Hunters Enter Here.” Based on an examination of the cartoon, what action would the cartoonist most likely support?A. Acceptance by all people that there

really is no difference between Negroes and Whites.

B. Implementation of Jim Crow Laws throughout America.

C. Increased membership in the Ku Klux Klan.

D. Fair treatment of Negro job seekers.