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Cleveland State University Cleveland State University
EngagedScholarship@CSU EngagedScholarship@CSU
Michael Schwartz Library Publications Michael Schwartz Library
10-2017
Critical Thinking and the ACRL Framework: Fake News and Critical Thinking and the ACRL Framework: Fake News and
Fallacies Fallacies
Mandi Goodsett Cleveland State University, [email protected]
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Original Citation Original Citation Goodsett, M. (2017). Critical thinking and the ACRL framework: Fake news and fallacies. Presentation at the meeting of the Academic Library Association of Ohio, Columbus, OH.
Repository Citation Goodsett, Mandi, "Critical Thinking and the ACRL Framework: Fake News and Fallacies" (2017). Michael Schwartz Library Publications. 144. https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/msl_facpub/144
This Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by the Michael Schwartz Library at EngagedScholarship@CSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michael Schwartz Library Publications by an authorized administrator of EngagedScholarship@CSU. For more information, please contact [email protected].
Critical Thinking and the ACRL Framework: Combating Fake News and Fallacies
Mandi Goodsett |Performing Arts & Humanities Librarian |Cleveland State University
Think of a person who you
consider to be a critical thinker.
What are/were some of the
characteristics or behaviors of
that person?
From the Experts: Skills and Dispositions
Skills
● Interpretation
● Analysis
● Evaluation
● Inference
● Explanation
● Self-Regulation
Dispositions
● Inquisitive
● Concerned about becoming well-informed
● Open-minded
● Honest in facing own biases
From the Experts: Skills and Dispositions
Skills
● Interpretation
● Analysis
● Evaluation
● Inference
● Explanation
● Self-Regulation
Dispositions
● Inquisitive
● Concerned about becoming well-informed
● Open-minded
● Honest in facing own biases
Defining Critical Thinking
Critical Thinking Is ...
“The art of analyzing and evaluating
thinking with a view to improving it.”
-Richard Paul & Linda Elder
Critical Thinking Is ...
“Judging in a reflective way what to do or
what to believe.”
-Peter Facione
Critical Thinking Is ...
“Reflective and reasonable thinking that
is focused on deciding what to believe or
do.”
-Robert Ennis
Critical Thinking Is ...
“Reflective and reasonable thinking that is focused
on deciding what to believe or do.”
-Robert Ennis
Logical, evidence-based judgment
Critical Thinking Is ...
“Reflective and reasonable thinking that is focused
on deciding what to believe or do.”
-Robert Ennis
Logical, evidence-based judgment
Self-reflection and metacognitive
skills
Critical Thinking Is ...
“Reflective and reasonable thinking that is focused
on deciding what to believe or do.”
-Robert Ennis
Logical, evidence-based judgment
Self-reflection and metacognitive
skills
Problem-solving, decision-making
Critical thinking is ...
Critical pedagogy is “the use of higher education to
overcome and unlearn the social conditions that
restrict and limit human freedom” (Davies &
Barnett, 2015, p. 18).
Critical thinking is ...
Critical criticism
vs.
Critical critique
Major Issues from the Scholarship of Critical Thinking
General vs. Subject-Specific Critical Thinking
“All thinking is about X. But, critical
thinking is a kind of thinking. Therefore,
critical thinking is about X.”
-John McPeck
Transferability
Skills and Dispositions
Critical Thinking and Information Literacy
ACRL Framework
vs.CRITICAL THINKING
Critical Thinking and the Framework Activity, Part 1
● Choose one of the Frames.
● What critical thinking skills or dispositions
might correspond with the knowledge practices
and dispositions of that Frame?
Teaching Critical Thinking: Application to Information Literacy Instruction
Inquiry-Based Learning
“Participant Asking a Question” by Kennisland is licensed under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license
Problem-Based Learning / Ill-Structured Problems
“Group Work” by gwaar is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license
Problem-Based Learning / Ill-Structured Problems
● What are ill-structured problems in the realm of information? (E.g., digital divide, information has value, access to information)
● What evidence is necessary to address the problem? Where would you look for that kind of evidence?
● What are the threads of discourse in this scholarly conversation?
Debate / Argumentation
“Student Panel Discussion” by Schwartz219 is licensed under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license
Debate / Argumentation
● Have students practice searching skills by gathering evidence about one side or another of an issue.○ Can they justify their choice of evidence?○ Can they evaluate the claims and evidence
of their own and the other side?○ Can they revisit the issue after hearing the
other side?
Debate / Argumentation
● Work with faculty to facilitate an online or in-person debate for students.
● Have students identify logical fallacies and flaws in arguments they encounter during searches.
Real-World Examples / Authentic Learning
Real-World Examples / Authentic Learning
● Fake news! ○ Ask students to evaluate recent news
articles.○ Have students compare multiple news
outlets covering the same story.○ Compare a news story with the scholarly
article on which it was based.
Real-World Examples / Authentic Learning
● Use real-life issues for searches.○ What are good sources for researching the
candidates for a local election?○ What are unbiased sources of information
about what new car to purchase?
Reflection
“Writing in the journal” by Erin Kohlenberg is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license
Reflection
● Ask students to complete a research journal.● Can students retrace their steps? Which search
strategies worked and which didn’t?● Ask students: did you change your mind about
a source you evaluated? Why or why not?● Ask students: after looking at the scholarly
conversation, where do you think you would fit?
An Example from the Classroom
Authority is Constructed and Contextual + Inquiry-Based Learning
● Students put their evidence on
trial and brainstorm questions
● Students choose a source and
decide what questions to ask
● Then, students answer the
question by investigating the
source
Try it Yourself!
Critical Thinking and the Framework Activity, Part 2
● Look back at your chosen Frame.
● What critical thinking teaching methods
could be used to help students master this
Frame?
Let’s share!
What critical thinking teaching
methods did you choose for your
Frame?
Questions or Comments?
Mandi Goodsett - Performing Arts & Humanities Librarian
References
Association of College & Research Libraries. (2016). ACRL Framework for Information Literacy in Higher Education.
Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/ilframework
Davies, M., & Barnett, R. (2015). The Palgrave handbook of critical thinking in higher education. Springer.
Ennis, R. H. (1985). A Logical Basis for Measuring Critical Thinking Skills. Educational Leadership, 43(2), 44.
Ennis, R. H. (1989). Critical Thinking and Subject Specificity: Clarification and Needed Research. Educational
Researcher, 18(3), 4–10. https://doi.org/10.2307/1174885
Facione, P. A. (2000). The disposition toward critical thinking: Its character, measurement, and relationship to critical
thinking skill. Informal Logic, 20(1). Retrieved from
https://ojs.uwindsor.ca/ojs/leddy/index.php/informal_logic/article/view/2254
Halpern, D. F. (1998). Teaching critical thinking for transfer across domains: Disposition, skills, structure training, and
metacognitive monitoring. American Psychologist, 53(4), 449–455. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.4.449
ReferencesJonassen, D. H. (1997). Instructional design models for well-structured and III-structured problem-solving learning
outcomes. Educational Technology Research and Development, 45(1), 65–94.
King, A. (1995). Inquiring minds really do want to know: Using questioning to teach critical thinking. Teaching of
Psychology. Retrieved from http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1995-42003-001
King, P. M., & Kitchener, K. S. (2004). Reflective judgment: Theory and research on the development of epistemic
assumptions through adulthood. Educational Psychologist, 39(1), 5–18.
Kuhn, D., & Dean, D. (2004). Metacognition: A Bridge between Cognitive Psychology and Educational Practice.
Theory Into Practice, 43(4), 268–273.
McPeck, J. E. (2016). Critical thinking and education. Routledge.
Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2001). The miniature guide to critical thinking: Concepts & tools. Foundation Critical Thinking.
Weiner, J. M. (2011). Is There a Difference Between Critical Thinking and Information Literacy? A Systematic Review
2000-2009. Journal of Information Literacy, 5(2), 81–92.
