AiNET Critical Power Protection Supervisor with Voice

Critical Power Protection SupervisorAssuring Delivery of Power for Critical Applications

AiNET11710 Montgomery RoadBeltsville, MD 20705 USAwww.ai.net

Executive SummaryAiNET Critical Power Protection SupervisorAiNETs patented* Critical Power Protection Supervisor (CPPS) is applied in environments where the uninterrupted delivery of power is an absolute requirement. Example environments include hospitals, transportation management systems, and Internet data centers. As an overlay management system for the power delivery elements employed today in such environments, the CPPS addresses vulnerabilities in all current critical power settings.

Benefits of the CPPS include ensuring critical power delivery uptime, returning power system problem resolution to a workable timeframe, and offering a more cost-effective approach to ensuring uptime than expensive system element upgrades that only chisel at the underlying problem.

Presently being deployed in Internet data centers, the AiNET Critical Power Protection Supervisor will be licensed for application in diverse, critical power delivery environments worldwide.2* U.S. Patent 7,962,772; International Patents Pending

Demands Increasing for Power Certainty: 100% Power AvailabilityPublic safetyMedical careTransportation systemsFinancial systemsManufacturing processingData centers the Internet Cloud

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Typical Elements in a Critical Power EnvironmentControl/Data SignalsMainPowerSecondary Power Source

Load RechargePower FlowTransfer SwitchStored Energy Element UPS(Converter)(Generator)(Batteries)4

Definition of Times/Events in Failure ModesTimeDefinition of Time/EventtMFTime of detection of failure in Main PowertHTransfer Switch's designated hold time; time between failure detection and engagement of GeneratortSStabilization time of GeneratortMRTime of detection of return of Main PowertHRTransfer Switch's designated hold time on restoral; time between detection of return and perceived stabilization of Main PowertSWRSwitchover time from Generator to Main Power on restoraltSFTime of Soft Failure in Main Power Undetected by Transfer Switch5

Hard Failure and Restoration of Main PowerFull power provided by GeneratorFull power provided by UPS/BatteriesFull power provided by Main PowerPartial power provided by UPS/BatteriestMFtHtStMRtHRtSWRtimeMain Power AvailableGenerator Switching In/OutMain Power Switching In6

6Brief Outages in Main PowertMFtHtMFtHtMFtHtimetMFtHtMFtHtMFtHtimeA Series of Brief Outages in Main Power Diminish Energy Stored in the BatteriesA Series of Brief Outages in Main Power Exhaust the Batteries and an Outage Occurs7

Failure Conditions in Main PowerPower transientsLightning strikesLoss of a phase(s)Loss of synchronization between phases Voltage drops in one or more phases8All critical power installations at risk of failure from routinely-occurring shortcomings in Main Power...

Undetected Shortcoming in Main PowertSFtimeUndetected (by Transfer Switch) Shortcoming in Main PowerUPS detects problem, supplements power delivered to Load with energy from batteriesBatteries exhaust, resulting in power outage9

AiNET Critical Power Protection Supervisor (CPPS) Creates a Unified, Critical Power SystemMainPowerLoadStored Energy Element RechargePower FlowControl/Data SignalsTransfer SwitchSecondary Power SourceExternal Monitor/Control System(s)UPS(Converter)AiNET CPPS10

Stored Energy Levels E1 and E2 Are Critical System ThresholdstMFtHtStMRtHRtSWRtimetH + tS = T1 E1T1 + tSWR = T2 E2tSWRE1: Stored energy required in system to avoid an outage upon switchover to Secondary Power.E2: Stored energy reflecting the point at which Main Power can be used to recharge the Energy Storage Element.11

11Undetected Shortcoming in Main Power with AiNET CPPStSFtimeStored EnergyE maxE20Undetected failure condition without AiNET CPPStSFtimeStored EnergyE maxE2AiNET CPPS intervenes when stored energy reaches E2 threshold12

Additional Failure Conditions Addressed by AiNET CPPSLoss or diminution of energy storage capabilities.Detected by monitoring of E2Offsets in thresholds between power delivery elements (usually TX and UPS).Detected by monitoring of E2Loss or diminution of UPS functionality.Detected by monitoring of UPS alarm

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Essential Duties of the AiNET Critical Power Protection SupervisorMonitor systems stored energy.If stored energy falls below E2, order the system to engage Secondary Power (if not already engaged). Order is given regardless of whether Main Power is available and in service because a loss of Main Power would result in an outage. Notify systems operators of the condition.Operators can analyze situation and the take action without dealing with the repercussions of an outage at the Load.14

ApplicationsCPPS in service in AiNETs TIA-942 Tier IV Data Center in the Washington, DC area.In a typical application as previously shown.Potential future application incorporating renewable energy:

MainPowerLoadStored Energy Element Secondary RechargePower FlowControl/Data SignalsTransfer SwitchSecondary Power SourceExternal Monitor/Control System(s)UPS(Converter)AiNET CPPSIntermittent Power (e.g. Wind, Solar)PrimaryRechargePowerGrid15

Future Residential ApplicationPotential future application incorporating renewable energy in which utility power is designated as Secondary Power:

Load(Home)Stored Energy Element RechargePower FlowControl/Data SignalsTransfer SwitchSecondary Power Source(Utility Power)External Monitor/Control System(s)UPS(Converter)AiNET CPPSIntermittent Primary Power (e.g. Wind, Solar)Power Grid16

Key Benefits of AiNET Critical Power Protection SupervisorPreemptive actions ensure critical power delivery uptime.Returns problem resolution timeframe to human scale.More cost-effective approach to ensuring uptime than expensive upgrades to system elements.Presently deployed in Internet data centers, the AiNET CPPS will be licensed and will be applied in diverse, critical power delivery environments worldwide. Please visit www.ai.net for more information.17