TornadoTrakCritical Design Review

February 28, 2012

Bruce DeakyneTrevor McDonald Adam PrulhiereLuke Tonneman Kody Mallory

Operate at 900 MHz Omni-directional and electronic beam-

steering modes Autonomous and manual input beam-

steering Interface with existing architecture Fit on roof of chase van

Project Overview

Primary Receive desired angle from Mobile Control Station

(MCS) and steer relative to van orientation Secondary

Use signal quality feedback from transceiver to finely adjust angle using control law

Tertiary Track and maintain communication link with

multiple aircraft

Goals

Signal(Transceiver)

PhasedArraySystem

Beam Forming Network (BFN)

ControllerBlock

Fixture

PhasedArrayAntenna

PowerSystem

12 V DC

Ground

RF Power Lvl(Transceiver)

Ethernet

8 Element Uniform Circular Array Half Wavelength Radius Radiating Element: Monopole Gain: 10 dBi Elevation HPBW: 63° Azimuth HPBW: 40°

Array Design

Array Gain

Array Gain

3D Gain

Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) Max EIRP: 36 dBm EIRP = TX Power + Antenna Gain – Losses TX Power ≈ 30 dBm 21 dBm/Antenna

FCC Compliance

BeamFormingNetwork (BFN)

RX PS Ctrl [x8]

TX PS Ctrl [x8]

Ground

12 V DC

RXNetwork

TXNetwork

TR Switch1TR Switch2

[x8]Transceiver

Phased Array Antenna

Transceiver

Transmit Network

Receive Network

Controller Antennas

Beam Forming Network

Transmit Network

9 dB Divide

r

+19.1 dBm

+8.3dBm +5.9 dBm

+20.9 dBm

T/R

+20 dBm

+ 15 dB-2.4 dB -0.9 dB

-10.8 dB

φ K

Output FCC restricted Surface Mount Components

Variable Input Surface Mount Components

Receive Network

+31 dB

-2.4 dB -0.9 dBΣ

φ K T/R

+7.2 dB

T/R

-0.9 dB

Friis’ Transmission Formula

Expected Range

Phase Shifter: JSPHS-1000 700-1000 MHz 0-15V Voltage Controlled 0-180° Phase Control 50 Ω

RF Components

T/R Switch: SKY13277-355LF SP3T 500 MHz – 2.5 GHz 15 ns switch time High Isolation 32 dBm max RF power 50 Ω

Power Splitter/Combiner: JCPS-8-10 5 – 1000 MHz 9 dB, 0° Splitter 50 Ω

RF Components

Power Amplifier: HXG-122+ 500-1200 MHz High IP3 Gain: 15 dB typical 50 Ω

Low Noise Amplifier: PMA-545G3+ Ultra 700-1000 MHz High IP3 Gain: 31 dB typical Noise Figure: 0.9 dB 50 Ω

RF Components

4 Layers RF Layer

Top layer RO3006 εr ≈6.5 10 mil

Control/Power Layer Bottom layer FR-4

Shielding Ground plane layers

RF Board

TR Switch

Power Divider/Combiner

Beam Forming Network

Phase Shifter

Beam Forming Network

Power Amplifier

Beam Forming Network

Low Noise Amplifier

RF PCB Layout (Portion)

Stellaris LM3S6965 32 bit 50MHz with Ethernet Stack SCI/SPI/I2C Interfaces 3.3v supply 40 GPIO pins

FT232HL USB Interface DUAL USB to UART and JTAG

CPLD- USB JTAG Logic and TR Switch Logic

Component Selection

DAC AD5582YRVZ-ND Quad DAC Parallel Interface

Connectors Ethernet-J3011G21DNL USB-54819-0519

Component Selection

ControllerBoard3.3, 5, 15 V DC

Ground

DAC BlockController

Board

RX PS Control [x8]TX PS Control [x8]

RF Power (Transceiver)

Ethernet

PA0/U0RX26

PA1/U0TX27

PA2/SSI0CLK28

PA3/SSI0FSS29

PA4/SSI0RX30

PA5/SSI0TX31

PC0/TCK/SWCLK80

PC1/TMS/SWDIO79

PC2/TDI78

PC3/TDO/SWO77

PC4/PHA025

PC5/C1+/C0O24

PC6/CCP323

PC7/PHB022

PD0/IDX0 10

PD1/PWM1 11

PD2/U1RX 12

PD3/U1TX 13

PD4/CCP0 95

PD5/CCP2 96

PD6/FAULT 99

PD7/CCP1 100

GND9

GND15

GND21

GND33

RSTN 64

LDO 7

OSC048

OSC149

PB0/PWM2 66

PB1/PWM3 67

PB2/I2C0SCL 70

PB3/I2C0SDA 71

PB4/C0- 92

PB5/C1- 91

PB6/C0+ 90

PB7/TRSTN 89

PE0/PWM472

PE1/PWM573

PE2/PHB174

PE3/PHA175

ADC36 ADC25

PA6/I2C1SCL34

PA7/I2C1SDA35

ADC12 ADC01

PF0/PWM0 47

PF1/IDX1 61

PF2/LED1 60

PF3/LED0 59

MDIO 58

TXON 46TXOP 43

GNDPHY42

PG0/U2RX19

PG1/U2TX18

XTALNPHY17

XTALPPHY16

ERBIAS41

RXIP 40

RXIN 37

VCCPHY 36

GNDPHY86 GNDPHY85

VCCPHY 84

VCCPHY 83

VDDA 3

VDDA 98

GNDA97 GNDA4

VDD 8

VDD 20

VDD 32

VDD 44

VDD 56

VDD 68

VDD 81

VDD 93

GND39

GND45

GND54

GND57

GND63

GND69

GND82

GND87

GND94

VDD25 14

VDD25 38

VDD25 62

VDD25 88

WAKEN50

HIBN51

XOSC052

XOSC153

VBAT 55

CMOD0 65

CMOD1 76

LM3S6965-IQC

uC1

GND

3.3V

Y+1

Y-2

TXOP3

TXON4

VDD5

VDD6

RXIP7

RXIN8

NC9

GND10

G-11

G+12

ETH1

J3011G21DNL

330

R2

330

R1

4.7uFC16

.1uFC15

.1uFC14

.01uFC13

.01uFC12

.1uFC17

3.3V

GND

.01uFC18

.1uFC19

4.7uFC20

10pFC6

10pFC5

49.9R3

49.9R4

49.9R6

49.9R7

10pFC3

10pFC2

3.3V

3.3V

.01uFC7

3.3V

0.1uFC1 3.3V

3.3V0.1uF

C4

10K

R53.3V

1 2Y2

8MHz

1 2Y1

25.00MHz100pFC8

100pFC9

100pFC10

100pFC11

12.4KR8

DAC1_CSDAC2_CSDAC3_CSDAC4_CS

JMP2

JMP1R/~W

~LDAC

PB0/DB0PB1/DB1PB2/DB2PB3/DB3PB4/DB4PB5/DB5PB6/DB6

PD3/DB7PD4/DB8PD5/DB9PD6/DB10PD7/DB11

10KR20

3.3V

PB7/TRST

PD0PD1PD2

PA6/A0PA7/A1

ADC0ADC1ADC2ADC3

PA0PA1PA2PA3PA4PA5

PC0PC1PC2PC3PC4/TRnPC5/M0PC6/M1PC7

PG0PG1

PF0PF1

TXOPTXONRXIPRXIN

XOSC0XOSC1

CMOD0CMOD1

OSC0OSC1

XTALNPHYXTALPPHY

MCURSTn

DAC1_VDDAC1_VC

DAC1_VADAC1_VB

A0A1

~LDACR/~W

~CS1~CS2~CS3~CS4

DB0DB1DB2DB3DB4DB5DB6DB7DB8DB9

DB10DB11

FullHarness

DB DAC_VADAC_VBDAC_VCDAC_VD

R/~W~CS~LDAC

ADDR

DACdac

DB0DB1DB2DB3DB4DB5DB6DB7DB8DB9DB10DB11

DataHarness

DB DAC_VADAC_VBDAC_VCDAC_VD

R/~W~CS~LDAC

ADDR

DACdac

DB DAC_VADAC_VBDAC_VCDAC_VD

R/~W~CS~LDAC

ADDR

DACdac

DB DAC_VADAC_VBDAC_VCDAC_VD

R/~W~CS~LDAC

ADDR

DACdac

A1A0

AddHarness

R/~W

R/~W

R/~W

R/~W

R/~W

~LDAC

~LDAC

~LDAC

~LDAC

~LDAC

~CS1~CS2~CS3~CS4

~CS1

~CS2

~CS3

~CS4

DACCONTROL

DAC2_VDDAC2_VC

DAC2_VADAC2_VB

DAC3_VDDAC3_VC

DAC3_VADAC3_VB

DAC4_VDDAC4_VC

DAC4_VADAC4_VB

CPLD

BAN

K 1

B0, B 020

B1, B 121

B2, B 222

B3, B 323

B4, B 424

B5, B 526

B6, B 627

B7, B 728

B8, B 831

B9, B 932

B10, B 1033

B11, B 11 34

B12, B 1238

B13, B 1339

B14, B 1440

B15/GOE1, B 1541BA

NK

0

A5, A 52

A6, A 63

A7, A 74

A8, A 87

A9, A 98A10, A 10

9A11, A 11

10A12, A 12

14A13, A 13

15A14, A 14

16A15, A 15

17A0/GOE0, A 0

44A1, A 1

45A2, A 2

46A3, A 3

47A4, A 4

48U2A

CLK1/I18

CLK2/I19

CLK3/I42

CLK0/I43

TDI1

TCK 11TMS

25TDO

35

VCCO (Bank0)6

VCC12

VCCO (Bank1)30

VCC36

GND (Bank0)5

GND13

GND (Bank1)29

GND37

LC4032V-75TN48C

ADBUS0/TCKADBUS1/TDI_DIADBUS2/TDO_DOADBUS3/TMS/OUTEN

INT_TCK

GND

3.3V

ACBUS0/MODE

ADBUS5/SRSTNADBUS7/DBG_JTAG_EN

10K

R223.3V BDBUS4/SWO_EN

BDBUS1

TMS/SWDIOTCK/SWCLK

3.3V4.7KR21

0.1uFC33

3.3V

BDBUS1

PC2/TDI

PC3/TDO

PB7/TRST

MCURSTn

TRn

M0M1

CONT_C0CONT_C1

CONT_A0CONT_A1

CONT_D0CONT_D1

USB to UART/JTAG

EESK1

EEDATA2

VC

C3

RESET#4

RSTOUT#5

3V3OUT6

USBDP7

USBDM8

GN

D1

8

VC

CIO

A1

4G

ND

25

VC

C4

2

XTIN43

XTOUT44

AG

ND

45

AV

CC

46

TEST47

EECS48

GN

D3

4

GN

D9

VC

CIO

B3

1

ADBUS024

ADBUS123

ADBUS222

ADBUS321

ADBUS420

ADBUS519

ADBUS617

ADBUS716

ACBUS015

ACBUS113

ACBUS212

ACBUS311

SI/WUA10

BDBUS0 40

BDBUS139

BDBUS2 38

BDBUS337

BDBUS4 36

BDBUS535

BDBUS6 33

BDBUS732

PWREN#41

BCBUS030

BCBUS129

BCBUS228

BCBUS327

SI/WUB26

U1FT2232L

MH

2M

H1

2 3 4 51

MH

3M

H4

USB10481900001

27

R10

27R11

0.01uF

C27

USB5V

60ohm@100MHz

FB1

Ferrite Bead

0.1uF

C26

+5V1.5KR13

CS1

SK 2DI

3DO 4GND5

ORG6

NC7

VCC8

EEP1

CAT93C46

1.5KR16

1.5K

R17

+5V

1 2Y3

XTAL

XTIN

XTOUT

XTOUTXTIN

18pFC29

18pFC28

+5V3.3V

UART_RXUART_TX

0.1uFC22

0.1uFC23

0.1uFC24

0.1uFC250.1uF

C21330

R9

3.3V

USBDM

USBDP

RSTOUT#RESET#

EECSEESK

EEDATA

BCBUS0BCBUS1BCBUS2BCBUS3

BDBUS0BDBUS1BDBUS2BDBUS3BDBUS4/SWO_ENBDBUS5BDBUS6BDBUS7

ADBUS4ADBUS5/SRSTNADBUS6ADBUS7/DBG_JTAG_EN

ACBUS0/MODEACBUS1ACBUS2ACBUS3SI/WUA

SI/WUB

+5V

ADBUS0/TCKADBUS1/TDI_DIADBUS2/TDO_DOADBUS3/TMS/OUTEN

4.7K

R23Res Semi

3.3V

Microcontroller PCB LayoutUSB /CPLD

Ethernet

DAC Block

Power In

Phase/TR_Ctrl

Main TR SW Omni Ant. Sw Direction Ant SW

TR M0 M1 C0 C1 A0 A1 D0 D1

0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0

0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0

0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0

0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0

1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0

1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0

1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1

TR SW Truth Table

TR Switch Logic Circuit

TR Switch Logic Timing

Software Flow Chart

DAC Driver Timing Analysis

PowerSystem

12 V (MCS)

Ground (MCS)

3.3 V DC

5 V DC

15 V DC

Linear Regulator

Protection Circuits

Ground

120 V (MCS) Wall Mounted

Power Supply

Powered by MCS Wall mounted supply Linear regulators provides DC voltages Protection for circuits will be incorporated

Power System Overview

12 V DC Battery Wall mounted power supply

Converts 120 V AC to 15 V DC Linear Regulators

Converts 12 V DC to 3.3 V and 5 V Snubber circuits and TVS diodes offer

protection and reliability

Power System

5 V linear regulator sources at maximum 3 A Traces are thicker and wider to handle current

Regulators operate over range of input voltages Battery voltage will decrease over time

Regulators supply necessary current

Design Considerations

Snubber Circuits Regulate ground potential Zener provides clamping Ground bounce PDN droop

TVS Diodes Can dissipate up to 3 kW Begins to conduct in less than 1 ps ESD

Protection Circuits

Power System

120 V AC

RF components

and µC

Wall Mounted Power Supply (15 V)

12 V DC Bus

Linear Regulators

(3.3 V and 5 V)

DACs

Snubber Circuits and TVS Diodes

Power System Schematic

Voltage Sweep of Source

Power BudgetComponent Current (A) Voltage (V) Nominal

Power (W)Max Power (W)

Stellaris LM3S6965

.072 3.3 .238 .33

PMA-545G3+ .158 5 .79 .93

HXG-122+ .146 5 .73 .9

AD5582 .0017 15 .0255 .045

CAT93C46 .002 3.3 .006 .0132

FT232H .052 3.3 .1716 .2

Total: 12.601 15.229

LT1962-3.3 V Linear Regulator LT1084-Fixed 5 V Linear Regulator CENB1010A1503B01 15 V AC/DC Supply Littlelfuse SMDJ6.0A, SMDJ16A TVS Diodes BZX84C Zener Diode Series BAS16FSTR-ND Signal Diodes Tantalum and ceramic capacitors for

Regulators Heatsinks for ICs

Component Selection

Top Level Schematic

λ = 1/3 m Electronics Container:

Height: 0.1 m Width: 0.5 m Length: 0.6 m

Ground Plane Radius: 0.6 * λ Antenna Mount: 0.5 * λ Antenna Mount height: λ

Fixture

PCB

Shielding

PCB

Copper Antenna Ground Plane

Antenna Mount

Heat Dissipation Faraday Cage

Cloud to Cloud Lightning: up to 70 v Parts

Acrylic electronics container OPTIX 0.22” thick

Copper ground planes .04” thick, 18 gauge C11000 copper plate

Fixture

RF Board trace accuracy Increased transmitter power

RF Board power dissipation Heat sinks

FirstRF’s testing facility Alternate (costly) facilities

Updated Risks

Controller Software Simulate MCS input & measure DAC output Range of inputs from MCS

Power System Load testing for steady current

RF Power Level Power meter (Microwave lab)

Phase Control 20GHz Oscilloscope (Microwave lab)

Radiation Pattern Anechoic Chamber (FirstRF) Test Flights

Test Plan

BudgetRF and Antenna Quantity Price Total Cost

Variable PhaseShifter 36 $26.95 $970.20

8 Way Power Splitter/Combiner 2 $39.95 $79.90

Fixed Gain Amplifier 9 $3.45 $31.05

T/R Switch 9 $2.34 $21.06

Monopole Antenna 8 $9.95 $79.60

RF Cables 10 $8.45 $84.50

RF PCB 2 $300.00 $600.00

RF Total $1866.31

Budget Cont.Embedded &

Analog Quantity Price Total Cost

Microprocessor 3 $15.29 $45.87

DAC 8 $19.58 $156.64

USB Connector 3 $1.54 $4.62

USB-Serial 4 $4.25 $17

Ethernet Connector 3 $8.37 $25.11

CPLD 4 $1.79 $7.16

EEPROM 4 $0.54 $2.16

Assorted connectors, Caps,

ResistorsNA $20.00

E&A Total $278.56

Budget Cont.Power Quantity Price Total Cost

PCBs 3 $30.00 $90.00

Filter Capacitors 20 $1.55 $1.55

Linear Regulators 3 $1.77 $5.31

Diodes 8 $1.06 $8.48

Power Supply 1 $14.38 $14.38

Connectors 4 $10 $40

Power Total $159.72

Budget Cont.Hardware Quantity Price Total Cost

Plexiglas 1 $110.00 $110.00

Mounting 1 $25.00 $25.00

Copper Sheet 3 $130.00 $390.00

PVC 1 $10.00 $10.00

Poster 1 $50.00 $50.00

Misc. Parts 1 $150 $150

Misc. Total $825.00

Total Projected Cost $3,421.03

Anticipated Funding

Organization Amount

Undergraduate Research Opportunity $1,000.00

Engineering Excellence Fund $1,482.00

Research and Engineering Center for Unmanned

VehiclesUp to $5,000.00

Total Up to $7,482.00

Task Kody Adam Luke Trevor Bruce

Control Algorithm P S

Comm SW P S

Power Board P S

Array Design P S

Beam Forming Network S P

Controller Board P S S

RF Boards S P S S

Mount/Structure S S S P

Sensor Interface S P

P = Primary S = Secondary

RF & Antenna Component test data Board ordered

Power Board ordered

Controller First board built Software complete

Fixture First mockup

Milestone 1 Goals

RF & Antenna First board built Second board ordered

Power First board built Second board ordered

Controller 2nd board built Testing complete

Fixture Final fabrication

Preliminary system integration & testing

Milestone 2 Goals

Capstone Schedule

RF & Power Schedule

Controller & Fixture Schedule

RECUV, Professor B. Argrow, Jack Elston and Maciej Stachura

Joe Carey, Fidelity Comtech Brandon Gilles, First RF Professors E. Kuester, D. Filipovic Tom Brown, Sam Siewert Carissa Pocock, Robert Pomeroy, Jeries

Shihadeh

Acknowledgements