Crisis and Disaster Management Plan

in Hydro Power Sector

Manoj TripathiDirector

Hydro Projects Monitoring CEA

Outline of PresentationOutline of Presentation Crisis / Disaster ManagementCrisis / Disaster Management Recent major Disasters in hydro Recent major Disasters in hydro

power projects / stationspower projects / stations Possible Solutions for mitigating Possible Solutions for mitigating

effects of disasterseffects of disasters Facilities required to tackle crisis / Facilities required to tackle crisis /

disaster situationsdisaster situations ConclusionConclusion

Disaster –Definition as per DM Act, 2005Disaster –Definition as per DM Act, 2005

““Disaster" means a catastrophe, mishap, Disaster" means a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or man made causes, arising from natural or man made causes, or by accident or negligence which results or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of, property, or damage to, and destruction of, property, or damage to, or degradation of, or damage to, or degradation of, environment, and is of such a nature or environment, and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected capacity of the community of the affected areaarea

Disaster ManagementDisaster Management

““Disaster Management" means a continuous and Disaster Management" means a continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing measures which arecoordinating and implementing measures which are

necessary or expedient for-necessary or expedient for-

(i) prevention of danger or threat of any disaster;(i) prevention of danger or threat of any disaster;

(ii) mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its (ii) mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences;severity or consequences;

(iii) capacity-building;(iii) capacity-building;

(iv) preparedness to deal with any disaster;(iv) preparedness to deal with any disaster;

(v) prompt response to any threatening disaster (v) prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster;situation or disaster;

(vi) assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of (vi) assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster;any disaster;

(vii) evacuation, rescue and relief;(vii) evacuation, rescue and relief;

(viii) rehabilitation and reconstruction;(viii) rehabilitation and reconstruction;

Crisis ManagementCrisis Management

Crisis managementCrisis management is the process  is the process by which an organization deals with a by which an organization deals with a major event that threatens to harm major event that threatens to harm the organization, its stakeholders, or the organization, its stakeholders, or the general public. the general public.

  Three elements are common to most Three elements are common to most definitions of crisis: (a) a threat to definitions of crisis: (a) a threat to the organization, (b) the element of the organization, (b) the element of surprise, and (c) a short decision surprise, and (c) a short decision time.time.

Crisis - TypesCrisis - Types Crisis can be classified into the foll: Crisis can be classified into the foll:

types:types: Natural disasterNatural disaster Technological crisesTechnological crises ConfrontationConfrontation MalevolenceMalevolence Organizational MisdeedsOrganizational Misdeeds Workplace ViolenceWorkplace Violence RumoursRumours Terrorist attacks/man-made Terrorist attacks/man-made

disastersdisasters

Natural DisasterNatural Disaster

Natural crises, typically natural disasters considered as 'acts of God,' are such environmental phenomena as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tornodoes, hurricanes, floods, landslides, tsunamis, storms etc.  that threaten life, property, and the environment itself.Example: Earthquake in Sikkim during the year 2011, Tsunami in the year 2004, Cyclone Aila in Eastern India in the year 2009, Landslides/ Slope failures, flooding of PH, damage to diversion structure/ dam in various HEP’s due to floods etc.

Technological crisesTechnological crises

Technological breakdowns or malfuncion of various equipments Human breakdowns Example: Software failures, Industrial accidents

Confrontation crisis

Confrontation crisis occur when discontented individuals and/or groups fight businesses, government, and various interest groups to win acceptance of their demands and expectations. The common type of confrontation crisis is boycotts, and other types are picketing, sit-ins, ultimatums to those in authority, blockade or occupation of buildings, and resisting or disobeying police.

Sayano-Shushenskaya  HEP Accident-Russia (10X640 MW=6400 MW)- Year 2009

The accident was primarily caused by vibrations of turbine № 2 which led to fatigue damage of the mountings of the turbine, including its cover. The report found that at the moment of the accident, the nuts on at least 6 bolts keeping the turbine cover in place were absent. After the accident, 49 found bolts were investigated: 41 had fatigue cracks. On 8 bolts, the fatigue-damaged area exceeded 90% of the total cross-sectional area.

Cyclone Aila- Year 2009 & Sikkim Cyclone Aila- Year 2009 & Sikkim Earthquake- Year 2011Earthquake- Year 2011

Cyclone Aila caused destruction in Cyclone Aila caused destruction in Sikkim/ WB HEP’s. The diversion Sikkim/ WB HEP’s. The diversion arrangement of the project was arrangement of the project was washed away. In Bhutan, the river washed away. In Bhutan, the river course of Mangechhu river was filled course of Mangechhu river was filled with debris and the river bed level with debris and the river bed level rose by almost 10-20 m.rose by almost 10-20 m.

The Sikkim earthquake in Sikkim The Sikkim earthquake in Sikkim gave a blow to under construction gave a blow to under construction HEP’s in Sikkim mainly Teesta-III HEP.HEP’s in Sikkim mainly Teesta-III HEP.

An Overview of TLD-III (After Floods)

Diversion Channel -St-II

Barrage Blocks III-VII

Power House AreaIntake Area

Flow

D/S Coffer Dyke

Left Bank

Right Bank

Diversion Stage-I

Diversion Stage-III

Flash Floods in river SutlejFlash Floods in river Sutlej

Year 2000-Year 2000- Flash flood (discharge 6500 Flash flood (discharge 6500 cumecs) with probability of 1 in 61,000 cumecs) with probability of 1 in 61,000 years. Ghanvi PH, which was almost years. Ghanvi PH, which was almost complete got submerged from TRT side. complete got submerged from TRT side. Nathpa Jhakri and Baspa-II HEP’s also Nathpa Jhakri and Baspa-II HEP’s also witnessed large scale destruction.witnessed large scale destruction.

Year 2005-Year 2005- Flash floods due to breach of Flash floods due to breach of artificial lake on river Parechu. The Hydro artificial lake on river Parechu. The Hydro Power Stations had to be shut down due to Power Stations had to be shut down due to heavy silt.heavy silt.

General Guidelines for HEP’s Preventive Maintenance checks should be

rigorously followed in all Power Stations Predictive Maintenance equipments like on

line vibration/condition monitoring for generator/turbine, on-line monitoring system for transformers etc should be installed

All monitoring and recording tools and equipments should be in working condition.

General Guidelines for HEP’s Flood warning system shall be established on

the upstream of dam/barrage so as to have advance information regarding high inflows ensuring sufficient lead time for taking protective measures

Hourly monitoring of inflows and silt levels (PPM) shall carried out during complete monsoon/high inflows period

General Guidelines for HEP’s Disaster Management plan for each

project/Power station including that related to flood management

Fixed /Portable type public address system and Siren

List of probable sources for emergent supplies, drainage/dewatering pumps including diesel operated pumps, all types of pipes, spares, etc., may be identified in advance and kept readily available.

General Guidelines for HEP’s System shall be built up for proper liaison with

local bodies for sharing information regarding inflows, any blockade in upstream of dam and sudden release of water etc.

Periodical Training programme for the operating personnel on “Flood prevention of Power station”

General Guidelines for HEP’s Technical audit or project/Power station

should be regularly got carried out from an independent team of expert

Requisite number of Earth Moving Equipment e.g. Loader/Excavation and Dumpers etc. should be made available even during O&M stage

Disaster Mitigation- Design AspectsCivil: Portals to be above HFL Slope protection/ stabilization Cloud burst prone area- U/G PH Proper drainage

HM: Dedicated Gantry with independent gate for each

DT Gate at outfall of TRT. DG Supply for all gates.

Disaster Mitigation- Design AspectsEM: Submersible pumps for drainage/

dewatering Electrical panels/ Battery Hall to be placed

above Machine Hall floor Sufficient DG Capacity Discharge water above HFL D/S of PH

Disaster Mitigation- Construction StageCivil: Plugging of Construction adits as per design TRT portal to be provided with plug

HM/EM: In case DT installation is not complete then

suitable plug/ bulkhead to be provided

Disaster Mitigation- O&M Stage All preventive maintenance to be carried out

as per schedule. Regular mock drills to be performed Fire Fighting/ Drainage system should be

regularly checked Discharge data upstream of the project

should be regularly monitored Slope stabilization in steep and vulnerable

slopes

FACILITIES REQUIRED TO TACKLE ANY CRISIS/DISASTER

Recovery Equipment and Spares Inventory Communication Facilities Transport and Other Arrangements Financial Resources Black Start Facilities De-watering Pumps Mobile DG sets Solar Energy Systems and Photovoltaic System List of Contractors Emergency Restoration Systems (ERS)

Conclusion

A well trained and vigilant organization can handle any crisis /disaster in a better way so all organizations should

Have a Disaster Management Plan Do all regular Preventive Maintenance checks Be Vigilant to possible threats Hold regular mock drills and training programmes A list of Do’s and Don’ts during Emergency situations

to be displayed at key locations

Thank You