Crimes Against Pub Interest

8/13/2019 Crimes Against Pub Interest

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LAURINIO GOMA and NATALIO UMALE, Complainant,vs.

THE COURT OF APPEALS, PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, and

SANGGUNIAN MEMBER MANUEL G. TORRALBA, Rspondnt.

! E C I S I O N

"ELASCO, #R., J.:

T$ Cas

Appald, via t$is Ptition %o& Rvi' on C&tio&a&i (nd& R(l )*, ist$ !+ision datd #(n -, //* o% t$ Co(&t o% Appals 0CA1 in CA2

G.R. CR No. 34-5, a%%i&min6 t$ #(l7 8, //5 !+ision o% t$

R6ional T&ial Co(&t 0RTC1, B&an+$ - in Santa C&(9, La6(na inC&iminal Cas No. SC2-3. T$ RTC +onvi+td ptition&s o% t$

+&im o% %alsi%i+ation o% p(:li+ do+(mnt (nd& A&ti+l 3 o% t$Rvisd Pnal Cod 0RPC1.

T$ Fa+ts

On t$ :asis o% t$ a%%idavit2+omplaint o% Man(l To&&al:a and t'oot$& mm:&s o% t$ San66(nian6 Ba&an6a7 o% B&67. Ca:an:anan,

Pa6san;an, La6(na, t$ O%%i+ o% t$ Om:(dsman %o& L(9on %ild 'it$

t$ RTC in Sta. C&(9, La6(na an In%o&mation %o& %alsi%i+ation o% p(:li+

do+(mnt (nd& A&t. 301 o% t$ RPC a6ainst ptition&s La(&inioGoma and Natalio Umal.5 Sp+i%i+all7, t$ +omplaint all6d t$atLa(&inio and Natalio, as :a&an6a7 +$ai&p&son and s+&ta&7,

&sp+tivl7, %alsi%id a :a&an6a7 &sol(tion datd Sptm:& ), 44*,

allo+atin6 t$ amo(nt o% P$P 8,/// as dis:(&smnt %o& a smina& %o&t$ t'o o%%i+ials. T$ indi+tin6 in%o&mation, do+<td as C&im. Cas

No. SC2-3 and &a%%ld to B&an+$ - o% t$ Sta. C&(9 RTC, all6d as%ollo's=

T$at on o& a:o(t Sptm:& ), 44* in Ba&an6a7 Ca:an:an >si+?,Pa6san;an, La6(na, P$ilippins and 'it$in t$ ;(&isdi+tion o% t$is

Hono&a:l Co(&t, t$ a:ov2namd a++(sd LAURINIO GOMA and NATALIO A. UMALI, :ot$ p(:li+ o%%i+ials, :in6 t$ Ba&an6a7

C$ai&man and Ba&an6a7 S+&ta&7, &sp+tivl7, ta<in6 advanta6 o%

t$i& o%%i+ial positions and +ommittin6 t$ o%%ns in &lation to t$i&o%%i+, in +onnivan+ and +onspi&a+7 'it$ a+$ ot$&, did t$n and

t$&, 'ill%(ll7, (nla'%(ll7 and %lonio(sl7 %alsi%7 a Rsol(tion dat

Sptm:& ), 44*, an o%%i+ial do+(mnt, :7 indi+atin6 t$&in t$ata%o&said Rsol(tion 'as passd on motion o% @a6a'ad Rnato !i9o

s+ondd :7 @a6a'ad R+a&do C. !la C&(9 and (nanimo(sl7app&ovd :7 t$os p&snt in t$ mtin6 $ld on Sptm:& ), 44

at =// P.M., '$n in t&(t$ and in %a+t no mtin6 'as $ld as no(o&(m 'as m(st&d, to t$ dama6 and p&;(di+ o% p(:li+ int&s

CONTRAR TO LA.)

$n a&&ai6nd, :ot$ La(&inio and Natalio, assistd :7 +o(nsl,

pladd not 6(ilt7 to t$ a:ov +$a&6. P&2t&ial and t&ial t$n ns(d

T$ p&os+(tion p&sntd t$ t$& +omplainin6 'itnsss,* '$o

tsti%id t$at, %o& la+< o% (o&(m, no a+t(al sssion o% t$ sangguniano% B&67. Ca:an:anan too< pla+ on Sptm:& ), 44*, t$ da7 t$

disp(td &sol(tion 'as all6dl7 passd. On t$at da7, a++o&din6 to tt$&, t$7 'nt to t$ barangay $alt$ +nt& to attnd a p&2

s+$d(ld sssion '$i+$, $o'v&, did not p(s$ t$&o(6$ as, apa&t %&ot$m, onl7 on ot$& mm:&, i.., La(&inio, +am. B(t t$7 lat& 6o

'ind o% t$ Distn+ o% s(:;+t Rsol(tion No. T24* 0Rs. T24*1 dat

Sptm:& ), 44*, in '$i+$ it 'as mad to appa& t$at all t$sanggunian mm:&s attndd t$ sssion o% Sptm:& ), 44* an

(nanimo(sl7 app&ovd, (pon motion o% <a6a'ad Rnato !i9on, d(l7s+ondd :7 <a6a'ad Ri+a&do dla C&(9, t$ allo+ation o% P$P

8,/// to d%&a7 t$ Dpnss o% t'o o%%i+ials '$o 'o(ld attnd a

smina& in am:oan6a. On t$ %a+ o% t$ &sol(tion appa&s t$si6nat(& o% Natalio and La(&inio, in t$i& &sp+tiv +apa+itis as

:a&an6a7 s+&ta&7 and +$ai&p&son. It also :o& t$ o%%i+ial sal o% t$ :a&an6a7.

On O+to:& *, 44*, t$ sanggunian $ld a sp+ial sssion d(&in6'$i+$ it passd a &sol(tion t$&in statin6 t$at no sssion 'as $ld o

Sptm:& ), 44*.-

In t$i& d%ns, Natalio and La(&inio, '$il admittin6 $avin6 a%%iD

t$i& si6nat(&s on t$ adv&td %alsi%id &sol(tion, all6d t$at said

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&sol(tion 'as not$in6 mo& t$an a m& p&oposal o& a d&a%t '$i+$ Natalio, as 'as t$ p&a+ti+, p&pa&d and si6nd a '< :%o& t$

s+$d(ld Sptm:& ), 44*. T$7 also all6d t$at t$ sam

&sol(tion 'as not t$ na:lin6 inst&(mnt %o& t$ &las o% t$smina& %(nds.

T$ R(lin6 o% t$ RTC

A%t& t&ial, t$ RTC &nd&d on #(l7 8, //5 ;(d6mnt, %indin6 :ot$La(&inio and Natalio 6(ilt7 as +$a&6d and, a++o&din6l7, sntn+d

t$m, t$(s=

HEREFORE, t$is Co(&t %inds :ot$ a++(sd La(&inio Goma and

Natalio A. Umali 6(ilt7 :7ond &asona:l do(:t as p&in+ipals in t$%lon7 o% %alsi%i+ation o% p(:li+ do+(mnt p(nis$a:l (nd& S+tion

>si+? 3 o% t$ Rvisd Pnal Cod and t$& :in6 nit$&

a66&avatin6 no& miti6atin6 +i&+(mstan+, $&:7 imposs (pon a+$ o%said a++(sd t$ pnalt7 o% %o(& 0)1 7a&s and t'o 01 mont$s o%

p&ision +o&&++ional, as minim(m, to i6$t 081 7a&s, and t'o 01mont$s o% p&ision ma7o&, as maDim(m.

Costs a6ainst :ot$ a++(sd.

SO OR!ERE!.3

T$ RTC %o(nd Rs. T24* to $av all t$ appa&an+ o% a +ompltand t&( and 6n(in do+(mnt, sald and si6nd :7 t$San66(nian s+&ta&7.8 And %o& &asons st o(t in its d+ision, t$ t&ial

+o(&t dismissd, as in+&d(lo(s, t$ d%nss t$o&7, and t$

a&6(mnts p&oppin6 it, a:o(t t$ s(:;+t &sol(tion :in6 ;(st a m& p&oposal.

T$ R(lin6 o% t$ CA

F&om t$ RTC d+ision, La(&inio and Natalio appald to t$ CA,t$i& &+o(&s do+<td as CA2G.R. CR No. 34-5, &aisin6 t$&

iss(s, to 'it= 0a1 '$t$& Rs. T24* is a p(:li+ do+(mnt 0:1 '$t$&t$7 violatd A&t. 301 o% t$ RPC and 0+1 '$t$& t$ pnalt7

imposd is p&op&. Ans'&in6 all t$& iss(s in t$ a%%i&mativ, t$

CA, :7 its !+ision datd #(n -, //*, a%%i&md t$at o% t$ t&ial +o(disposin6 as %ollo's=

HEREFORE, t$ 8 #(l7 //5 !+ision o% B&an+$ -, R6ionalT&ial Co(&t o% Santa C&(9, La6(na %indin6 a++(sd2appllants La(&in

Goma and Natalio A. Umali 6(ilt7 :7ond &asona:l do(:t o% t$+&im o% %alsi%i+ation o% p(:li+ do+(mnt (nd& A&ti+l 301 o% t$

Rvisd Pnal Cod and sntn+in6 t$m to s(%%& t$ pnalt7 o% %o(

0)1 7a&s and t'o 01 mont$s o% prision correctional >si+?, asminim(m, to i6$t 081 7a&s, and t'o 01 mont$s o% prision mayor , a

maDim(m, is AFFIRME!. Costs a6ainst appllants.

SO OR!ERE!.4

Ptition&s a& no' :%o& t$is Co(&t &aisin6 t$ v&7 sam iss(s t$

a&li& invo<d :%o& t$ CA, t$ %i&st t'o o% '$i+$ ma7 : &d(+d

into t$ %ollo'in6 p&oposition= $t$& Rs. T24* ma7 :+$a&a+t&i9d as a p(:li+ do+(mnt to :&in6 t$ +as, and &nd&

ptition&s lia:l on t$ :asis o% t$ vidn+ add(+d, (nd& A&t.301 o% t$ RPC.

T$ Co(&ts R(lin6

T$ ptition is :&%t o% m&it.

As a p&limina&7 +onsid&ation, ptition&s, in t$is &+o(&s, m&l7$i6$li6$t and dis+(ss t$i& d%ns t$at t$ s(:;+t &sol(tion is a md&a%t o& p&oposd &sol(tion not a+td (pon :7 t$ sanggunian %o& la

o% (o&(m on Sptm:& ), 44*, and t$at t$7 nv& $ad an7

+&iminal intnt '$n t$7 si6nd s(+$ p&oposd &sol(tion. T$7 dn$avin6 a%%iDd t$ :a&an6a7 o%%i+ial sal on t$ s(:;+t &sol(tion.

S(:;+t Rsol(tion a P(:li+ !o+(mnt

Und& S+. 40a1 o% R(l 5, Rvisd R(ls on Evidn+, p(:li+do+(mnts in+l(d >t?$ '&ittn o%%i+ial a+ts, o& &+o&ds o% t$ o%%i+

a+ts o% t$ sov&i6n a(t$o&it7, o%%i+ial :odis and t&i:(nals, and p(:o%%i+&s, '$t$& o% t$ P$ilippins, o& o% a %o&i6n +o(nt&7. "&il7,

&sol(tions and o&dinan+s o% sanggunians, : t$7 o% t$ sanggunia









panlalawigan, panlungsod , bayan, o& barangay, +om 'it$in t$ palo% t$ a:ov p&ovision, s(+$ iss(an+s :in6 t$i& '&ittn o%%i+ial a+ts

in t$ D&+is o% t$i& l6islativ a(t$o&it7. As a matt& o% +ommon

p&a+ti+, an a+tion app&op&iatin6 mon7 %o& som p(:li+ p(&pos o&+&atin6 lia:ilit7 ta<s t$ %o&m o% an o&dinan+ o& &sol(tion.

Bla+< d%ins a p(:li+ do+(mnt as a do+(mnt o% p(:li+ int&st

iss(d o& p(:lis$d :7 a politi+al :od7 o& ot$&'is +onn+td 'it$

p(:li+ :(sinss./ T$ t&m is also ds+&i:d as a do+(mnt in t$D+(tion o% '$i+$ a p&son in a(t$o&it7 o& nota&7 p(:li+ ta<s pa&t.

T$& +an : no dn7in6 t$at t$ p(:li+ mon72dis:(&sin6 and

smin6l7 6n(in Rs. T24*, in t$ p&pa&ation o% '$i+$ ptition&s,in t$i& o%%i+ial +apa+it7, $ad a $and, is, in +ontDt, a p(:li+ do+(mnt

in a +&iminal p&os+(tion %o& %alsi%i+ation o% p(:li+ do+(mnt. And it :a&s to st&ss t$at in %alsi%i+ation (nd& A&t. 301 o% t$ RPC, it is

not n+ssa&7 t$at t$& : a 6n(in do+(mnt it is no(6$ t$at t$do+(mnt %a:&i+atd o& sim(latd $as t$ appa&an+ o% a t&( and

6n(in do+(mnt o& o% appa&nt l6al %%i+a+7.

Ptition&s G(ilt7 o% Falsi%i+ation

At t$ o(tst, it m(st : mp$asi9d t$at t$ Co(&t (s(all7 d%&s to

%a+t(al %indin6s o% t$ t&ial +o(&t, mo& so '$n s(+$ %indin6s &+iv

a +on%i&mato&7 nod %&om t$ appllat +o(&t. Dplaind in on +as=

T$ &(l is t$at t$ %indin6s o% %a+t o% t$ t&ial +o(&t, its +ali:&ation o%t$ tstimonis o% t$ 'itnsss and its assssmnt o% t$ p&o:ativ'i6$t t$&o%, as 'll as its +on+l(sions an+$o&d on said %indin6s,

a& a++o&dd $i6$ &sp+t i% not +on+l(siv %%+t. T$is is mo& t&( i%s(+$ %indin6s '& a%%i&md :7 t$ appllat +o(&t. $n t$ t&ial

+o(&ts %indin6s $av :n a%%i&md :7 t$ appllat +o(&t, said%indin6s a& 6n&all7 :indin6 (pon t$is Co(&t.5

And t$is %a+t(al dt&mination, as a matt& o% lon6 and so(nd appllat p&a+ti+, ds&vs 6&at 'i6$t and s$all not : dist(&:d on appal,

D+pt onl7 %o& t$ most +onvin+in6 &asons,) s(+$ as '$n t$atdt&mination is +la&l7 'it$o(t vidntia&7 s(ppo&t on &+o&d * o&

'$n t$ ;(d6mnt is :asd on misapp&$nsion o% %a+ts o& ov&loo<d

+&tain &lvant %a+ts '$i+$, i% p&op&l7 +onsid&d, 'o(ld ;(sti%7 a

di%%&nt +on+l(sion.- T$is is as it s$o(ld : sin+ it is not t$ %(n+tio% t$ Co(&t (nd& R(l )* o% t$ R(ls o% Co(&t to val(at and 'i

all ov& a6ain t$ vidn+ p&sntd o& t$ p&miss s(ppo&tiv o% t$

%a+t(al $oldin6s o% lo'& +o(&ts.3

T$ +as disposition o% t$ CA and t$ %a+t(al and lo6i+al p&miss$oldin6 it to6t$& +ommnd t$mslvs %o& +on+(&&n+. Its

in+(lpato&7 %indin6s on t$ 6(ilt o% ptition&s %o& %alsi%i+ation (nd&

A&t. 301 o% t$ RPC, +on%i&mato&7 o% t$os o% t$ t&ial +o(&t, a&ampl7 s(ppo&td :7 t$ vidn+ on &+o&d, +onsistin6 mainl7 o% t$

tstimon7 o% t$ +omplainin6 'itnsss and a +op7 o% t$ s(:;+t

&sol(tion.

A&t. 301 o% t$ RPC p&ovids as %ollo's=

ART. 3. Falsification by public officer, employee; or notary or

ecclesiastical minister .T$ pnalt7 o% prision mayor and a %in noto D+d *,/// psos s$all : imposd (pon an7 p(:li+ o%%i+&,

mplo7, o& nota&7 '$o, ta<in6 advanta6 o% $is o%%i+ial position,s$all %alsi%7 a do+(mnt :7 +ommittin6 an7 o% t$ %ollo'in6 a+ts=

D D D D

01 Ca(sin6 it to appa& t$at p&sons $av pa&ti+ipatd in an7 a+t o& p&o+din6 '$n t$7 did not in %a+t so pa&ti+ipat.

T$ lmnts o% t$ +&im o% %alsi%i+ation o% p(:li+ do+(mnts, asa:ov d%ind and pnali9d, a&=

. T$at t$ o%%nd& is a p(:li+ o%%i+&, mplo7, o& nota&7 p(:li+.

. T$at $ ta<s advanta6 o% $is o%%i+ial position.

5. T$at $ %alsi%is a do+(mnt :7 +a(sin6 it to appa& t$at p&sons $av pa&ti+ipatd in an7 a+t o& p&o+din6.




















). T$at s(+$ p&son o& p&sons did not in %a+t so pa&ti+ipat int$ p&o+din6.8

T$ %i&st t'o lmnts +la&l7 o:tain, ptition&s, d(&in6 t$ p&iodmat&ial, :in6 lo+al 6ov&nmnt l+td o%%i+ials '$o, :7 &ason o%

t$i& position, +&ti%id, as Natalio did, as to t$ $oldin6 o% a :a&an6a7sssion and %alsl7 attstd, as La(&inio did, as to t$ v&a+it7 o% a

&sol(tion s(pposdl7 ta<n (p t$&in. T$ ot$& t'o lmnts a&

li<'is p&snt. As +o&&+tl7 o:s&vd :7 t$ CA=

D D D >Ptition&s? mad it appa& in t$ Ba&an6a7 &sol(tion datd )

Sptm:& 44* t$at all mm:&s o% t$ San66(nian6 Ba&an6a7dli:&atd (pon and (nanimo(sl7 app&ovd t$ (stiond &sol(tion,

'$n in %a+t no s(+$ dli:&ation and app&oval o++(&&d. T$ non2 pa&ti+ipation o% t$ mm:&s o% t$ San66(nian6 Ba&an6a7 in t$

passa6 o% t$ &sol(tion 'as sta:lis$d :7 t$ * O+to:& 44*&sol(tion iss(d :7 3 o% t$ 8 mm:&s o% t$ San66(nian6 Ba&an6a7

dn7in6 t$at t$ +$alln6d &sol(tion 'as passd (pon and app&ovd

:7 t$ +o(n+il.4

Ptition&s :id to pass o%% t$ &sol(tion in (stion as a m& p&oposal o& a d&a%t +annot : a++o&dd m&it in t$ li6$t o% t$ mann&

t$7 'o&dd and mad it appa&. Consid& t$ %ollo'in6 apt

o:s&vations o% t$ t&ial +o(&t=

Ba&an6a7 Rsol(tion No. T24* dos not appa& to : a p&oposd&sol(tion in all asp+ts D D D

D D D D

:1 t$ opnin6 pa&a6&ap$ (n(ivo+all7 stats t$at t$ +ontnts

t$&o% '& +opid %&om t$ min(ts o% t$ o&dina&7 sssion o%San66(nian $ld on Sptm:& ), 44* mtin6, at =//

o+lo+< pm

+1 it anno(n+s all t$ nams o% t$ mm:&s o% t$

San66(nian '$o attndd t$ sssion d(&in6 '$i+$ said&sol(tion >'as? passd

d1 it :a&s t$ &sol(tion n(m:&, not t$ p&oposd &sol(tionn(m:&

1 t$ titl +la&l7 stats t$at t$ San66(nian $ad al&ad7app&ovd t$ allo+ation o% P8,///.// %o& t'o 01 :a&an6a7

o%%i+ials D D D

%1 it mad mntion t$at @a6a'ad Rnato M. !i9on mad t$

motion, d(l7 s+ondd :7 @a6a'ad >Ri+a&do? C. d la C&(9%o& t$ passin6 o% said &sol(tion and

61 a++(sd Natalio A. Umali, in $is o%%i+ial +apa+it7 asBa&an6a7 @ali$im, +&ti%id said &sol(tion as t&( and +o&&+

and a++(sd La(&inio A. Goma, P(non6 Ba&an6a7, attstd tot$ t&(t$%(lnss o% said &sol(tion./

Indd, t$ +ontnts and appa&an+ o% Rs. T2 4* a&6( a6ainst t$v&7 ida o% its :in6 m&l7 a p&oposal o& a d&a%t :a&an6a7 na+tmn

Res ipsa loquitur . A d&a%t &sol(tion 'o(ld not : n(m:&d o& :+a&&7in6 +&ti%i+ato&7 and attstativ si6nat(&s, lt alon imp&ssd

'it$ t$ d&7 sal o% t$ :a&an6a7. It 'o(ld not also in+l(d s(+$

pa&ti+(la&s as t$ attndan+ o% all mm:&s o% t$ sanggunian and t$idntit7 o% t$ movin6 and s+ondin6 kagawads &lativ to t$ passa

o% t$ &sol(tion, %o& s(+$ dtails a& not +&tain (nlss t$7 $av :&$a&sd o& plannd :%o&$and. B(t t$ notion t$at a plan $ad :n

a&&an6d :7 t$ san66(nian as a :od7 'o(ld : n6atd :7 s(:s(dvlopmnt '$i+$ sa' t$ app&oval o% a &sol(tion datd O+to:& 44* d(l7 si6nd :7 svn kagawads vi&t(all7 t&as$in6 Rs. T24* as

%alsit7. T$ s(n+ o% vnts 'o(ld &adil7 s$o' t$at ptition&s%alsi%id t$ s(:;+t &sol(tion, :(t onl7 to : Dposd :7 p&ivat

+omplainants.

Ptition&s all6ation t$at <a6a'ad To&&al:a 'as t$ on '$o a%%iD

t$ sal o& t$at $ $a&:o&d ill2%lin6s to'a&ds t$m st&i<s t$is Co(as a m& a%t&t$o(6$t, a:snt +onvin+in6 vidn+ to s(ppo&t t$

imp(tation.

Finall7, ptition&s (&6 t$i& a+(ittal on t$ t$o&7 t$at t$7 did no

:n%it %&om, o& t$at t$ p(:li+ 'as not p&;(di+d :7, t$ &sol(tion









(stion, it not $avin6 :n (sd to o:tain t$ P$P 8,/// smina&%(nds. T$ a&6(mnt $olds no 'at&. Falsi%i+ation o% a p(:li+

do+(mnt is +ons(mmatd (pon t$ D+(tion o% t$ %als do+(mnt.

And +&iminal intnt is p&s(md (pon t$ D+(tion o% t$ +&iminala+t. E&&in6 p(:li+ o%%i+&s %ail(& to attain t$i& o:;+tivs, i% t$at

&all7 : t$ +as, is not dt&minativ o% t$i& 6(ilt o& inno+n+. T$sim(lation o% a p(:li+ do+(mnt, don in a mann& so as to 6iv it t$

appa&an+ o% a t&( and 6n(in inst&(mnt, t$(s, ladin6 ot$&s to&&o&s as to its a(t$nti+it7, +onstit(ts t$ +&im o% %alsi%i+ation.

In %in, t$ lmnt o% 6ain o& :n%it on t$ pa&t o% t$ o%%nd& o&

p&;(di+ to a t$i&d pa&t7 as a &s(lt o% t$ %alsi%i+ation, o& ta&nis$in6 o%a do+(mnts int6&it7, is not ssntial to maintain a +$a&6 %o&

%alsi%i+ation o% p(:li+ do+(mnts. $at is p(nis$d in %alsi%i+ation o% p(:li+ do+(mnt is p&in+ipall7 t$ (nd&minin6 o% t$ p(:li+ %ait$ and

t$ dst&(+tion o% t&(t$ as solmnl7 p&o+laimd t$&in. In t$is pa&ti+(la& +&im, t$&%o&, t$ +ont&ollin6 +onsid&ation lis in t$

p(:li+ +$a&a+t& o% a do+(mnt and t$ Distn+ o% an7 p&;(di++a(sd to t$i&d p&sons o&, at last, t$ intnt to +a(s s(+$ dama6

:+oms immat&ial.5

T$i&d Iss(= Imposd Pnalt7 P&op&

Finall7, t$ pnalt7 imposd :7 t$ RTC, as a%%i&md :7 t$ CA, is p&op&. A&t. 3 o% t$ RPC p&ovids %o& a sin6l divisi:l pnalt7 o%

prision mayor to p(:li+ o%%i+&s o& mplo7s '$o, ta<in6 advanta6o% t$i& o%%i+ial positions, s$all +a(s it to appa& t$at p&sons $av

pa&ti+ipatd in an7 a+t o& p&o+din6 '$n t$7 did not in %a+t

pa&ti+ipat. And '$& nit$& a66&avatin6 no& miti6atin6+i&+(mstan+ attndd t$ D+(tion o% t$ o%%ns, as $&, t$

imposa:l pnalt7 is, a++o&din6 to A&t. -) o% t$ RPC, t$at o% t$mdi(m p&iod p&ovidd. T$ mdi(m p&iod %o& prision mayor is

%&om i6$t 081 7a&s and on 01 da7 to tn 0/1 7a&s.

Appl7in6 t$ Indt&minat Sntn+ La', t$ pnalt7 imposa:l

'o(ld : t$at o% a d6& lo'& t$an t$ mdi(m p&iod o% prisionmayor as minim(m, and t$ maDim(m is an7 p&iod in+l(dd in t$

mdi(m p&iod o% prision mayor . T$ d6& lo'& t$an t$ mdi(m

p&iod o% prision mayor is t$ mdi(m p&iod o% prision correccional

'$i+$ &an6s %&om t'o 01 7a&s, %o(& 0)1 mont$s, and on 01 da7 to%o(& 0)1 7a&s and t'o 01 mont$s.

T$ pnalt7 o% %o(& 0)1 7a&s and t'o 01 mont$s o% prisioncorreccional , as minim(m, to i6$t 081 7a&s and t'o 01 mont$s o%

prision mayor , as maDim(m, t$(s imposd on ptition&s is 'll 'it$t$ a(t$o&i9d imposa:l &an6, and is, t$&%o&, p&op&.

HEREFORE, t$ instant appal is !ENIE! %o& la+< o% m&it.A++o&din6l7, t$ appald CA !+ision datd #(n -, //* in CA2

G.R. CR No. 34-5 is $&:7 AFFIRME! IN TOTO.

No p&ono(n+mnt as to +osts.

SO OR!ERE!.

GLORIA PILAR S. AGUIRRE,

Ptition&,

- versus -

SECRETAR OF THE

!EPARTMENT OF #USTICE,MICHELINA S. AGUIRRE2

OLON!RI, PE!RO B.AGUIRRE, !R. #U"I!O

AGATEP and !R. MARISSAB. PASCUAL,

G. R. No. 3/35

P&snt=

NARES2SANTIAGO,

C$ai&p&son,

AUSTRIA2MARTINE,

CORONA,J

CHICO2NAARIO, and

REES, JJ .










Rspondnts.

P&om(l6atd=

Ma&+$ 5, //8

D 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 22 2 2 D

! E C I S I O N

CHICO2NAARIO, J .=

In t$is ptition %o& &vi' on certiorari>? (nd& R(l )* o%

t$ R(ls o% Co(&t, as amndd, ptition& Glo&ia Pila& S. A6(i&&

0Glo&ia A6(i&&1 s<s t$ &v&sal o% t$ #(l7 //* ecision>?

and * !+m:& //* Resolution,5>5? :ot$ o% t$ Co(&t o% Appals in

CA2G.R. SP No. 8853/, ntitld K!loria "ilar #. $guirre v. #ecretary

of t%e epartment of Justice, &ic%elina #. $guirre-'londri(, r.

5

Juvido $gatep, ra. &arissa ). "ascual, "edro ). $guirre and Jo

and Jane oes.

T$ Co(&t o% Appals %o(nd no 6&av a:(s o% dis+&tion

t$ pa&t o% t$ S+&ta&7 o% t$ !pa&tmnt o% #(sti+ 0!O#1 '$n t

latt& iss(d t$ t'in &sol(tions datd F:&(a&7 //))>)? and

Novm:& //),*

>*? &sp+tivl7, '$i+$ in t(&n a%%i&md t$ 8 #an(a

//5 Rsol(tion->-? o% t$ O%%i+ o% t$ Cit7 P&os+(to& 0OCP1

(9on Cit7.

T$ Assistant Cit7 P&os+(to& %o& t$ OCP o% (9on C

&+ommndd t$ dismissal o% t$ +&iminal +omplaint, do+<td as I

No. /2)--, %o& violation o% A&ti+ls 3 0Falsi%i+ation :7 P&iv

Individ(als and Us o% Falsi%id !o+(mnts1 and - 0M(tilatio

:ot$ o% t$ Rvisd Pnal Cod, in &lation to Rp(:li+ A+t No. 3-ot$&'is <no'n as K*%ild $buse, +ploitation and iscriminati

$ct , %o& ins(%%i+in+7 o% vidn+.

T$ +as stmmd %&om a +omplaint %ild :7 ptition& Glo

A6(i&& a6ainst &spondnts Pd&o B. A6(i&& 0Pd&o A6(i&&

)

*-



Mi+$lina S. A6(i&&2Olond&i9 0Olond&i91, !&. #(vido A6atp 0!&.

A6atp1, !&. Ma&issa B. Pas+(al 0!&. Pas+(al1 and sv&al #o$n#an

!os %o& %alsi%i+ation, m(tilation and +$ild a:(s.

T$ ant+dnts o% t$ p&snt ptition a&=

La(&ano KLa&&7 A6(i&&3>3? (sd to : a +$a&6 o% t$ Ha&t

o% Ma&7 "illa, a +$ild +a&in6 a6n+7 &(n :7 t$ Good S$p$&d Sist&s

and li+nsd :7 t$ !pa&tmnt o% So+ial o&< and !vlopmnt

0!S!1. Somtim in 438, &spondnt Pd&o A6(i&& t$ latt&s

spo(s, Lo(&ds S. A6(i&& 0Lo(&ds A6(i&&1 and t$i& %o(&

da(6$t&s, '$o in+l(dd ptition& Glo&ia A6(i&& and &spondnt

Olond&i9, +am to <no' La&&7, '$o 'as t$n ;(st ov& a 7a& old. T$

A6(i&&s 'o(ld $av La&&7 spnd a %' da7s at t$i& $om and t$n

&t(&n $im to t$ o&p$ana6 t$&a%t&. In #(n 48/, La&&7, t$n t'o7a&s and nin mont$s o% a6, %o&mall7 :+am t$ 'a&d o% &spondnt

Pd&o A6(i&& and $is spo(s Lo(&ds A6(i&& :7 vi&t( o% an

$ffidavit of *onsent to egal !uardians%ip D+(td in t$i& %avo& :7

Sist& Ma&7 Con+pta Bllosillo, S(p&io& o% t$ Ha&t o% Ma&7 "illa.

On 4 #(n 48-, t$ A6(i&& spo(ss 6(a&dians$ip o% La&&7 'as

l6ali9d '$n t$ R6ional T&ial Co(&t 0RTC1, B&an+$ 5 o% Balan6a,

3

Bataan, d(l7 appointd t$m as ;oint +o26(a&dians ov& t$ p&son a

p&op&t7 o% La&&7.

As La&&7 'as 6&o'in6 (p, t$ A6(i&& spo(ss and t$

+$ild&n noti+d t$at $is dvlopmntal milstons '& &ma&<a:

dla7d. His +o6nitiv and p$7si+al 6&o't$ did not appa& no&mal

t$at Kat a6 5 to ) 7a&s, La&&7 +o(ld onl7 +&a'l on $is t(mm7 li<

%&o6 D D D8>8? $ did not (tt& $is %i&st 'o&d (ntil $ 'as t$& 7a

o% a6 did not spa< in sntn+s (ntil $is siDt$ 7a& and onl7 la&n

to stand (p and 'al< a%t& $ t(&nd %iv 7a&s old. At a6 siD, t

A6(i&& spo(ss %i&st n&olld La&&7 at t$ Col6io d San A6(st

!asma&ias "illa6, :(t t$ +$ild Dp&in+d si6ni%i+ant la&ni

di%%i+(ltis t$&. In 484, at a6 lvn, La&&7 'as ta<n to sp+iali

%o& n(&olo6i+al and ps7+$olo6i+al val(ations. T$ ps7+$olo6i

val(ation4>4? don on La&&7 &vald t$ latt& to : s(%%&in6 %&om

mild mntal d%i+in+7./>/? Cons(nt t$&to, t$ A6(i&& spo(

t&ans%&&d La&&7 to St. #o$n Ma. "iann7, an d(+ational instit(ti

%o& sp+ial +$ild&n.

In Novm:& o% //, &spondnt !&. A6atp,

(&olo6ists(&6on, 'as app&oa+$d +on+&nin6 t$ intntion to $a

8

4/



La&&7, t$n ) 7a&s o% a6, vas+tomi9d. P&io& to p&%o&min6 t$

p&o+d(& on t$ intndd patint, &spondnt !&. A6atp &(i&d t$at

La&&7 : val(atd :7 a ps7+$iat&ist in o&d& to +on%i&m and validat

'$t$& o& not t$ %o&m& +o(ld validl7 6iv $is +onsnt to t$ mdi+al

p&o+d(& on a++o(nt o% $is mntal d%i+in+7.

In vi' o% t$ &(i&d ps7+$iat&i+ +la&an+, La&&7 'as

:&o(6$t to &spondnt !&. Pas+(al, a ps7+$iat&ist, %o& val(ation. In a

ps7+$iat&i+ &po&t datd #an(a&7 //, &spondnt !&. Pas+(al mad

t$ %ollo'in6 &+ommndation=

>T?$ &sponsi:ilit7 o% d+ision ma<in6 ma7 : 6ivn to

$is pa&nt o& 6(a&dian.>?

t$ %(ll tDt o% '$i+$ &ads

PSCHIATR REPORT #an(a&7 //

GENERAL !ATA

LAUREANO AGUIRRE, ) 7a&s old, mal,

$i6$ s+$ool 6&ad(at o% St. #o$n >Ma&i "iann7?, 'as

&%&&d %o& ps7+$iat&i+ val(ation to dt&min+omptn+7 to 6iv +onsnt %o& vas+tom7.

CLINICAL SUMMAR

La&&7 'as adoptd at a6 5 %&om an o&p$ana6and p&natal $isto&7 is not <no'n to t$ adoptiv %amil7

D+pt t$at a:o&tion 'as attmptd. !vlopmntalmilstons '& notd to : dla7d. H sta&td to

'al< and spa< in sin6l 'o&d at a&o(nd a6 *. H 'as

n&olld in Col6io d San A6(stin at a6 - '$& $

s$o'd si6ni%i+ant la&nin6 di%%i+(ltis t$at $ $ad to&pat st and )t$ 6&ads. A +ons(lt 'as don in 484'$n $ 'as 7a&s old. N(&olo6i+al %indin6s and

EEG &s(lts '& not no&mal and $ 'as 6ivn T+&tol

and En+p$a:ol :7 $is n(&olo6ist. Ps7+$olo6i+alval(ation &vald mild to mod&at mntal

&ta&dation, sp+ial d(+ation t&ainin6 'as advisd andt$(s, $ 'as t&ans%&&d to St. #o$n Ma&i "iann7. H

%inis$d $is lmnta&7 and s+onda&7 d(+ation in t$said s+$ool. H 'as lat& n&olld in a vo+ational

+o(&s at !on Bos+o '$i+$ $ 'as (na:l to +ontin(.

T$& $as :n no &po&td :$avio&al p&o:lms ins+$ool and $ 6ts alon6 &lativl7 'll 'it$ $is

ta+$&s and som o% $is +lassmats.

La&&7 6&' (p 'it$ a v&7 s(ppo&tiv adoptiv

%amil7. H is t$ 7o(n6st in t$ %amil7 o% %o(& sist&s.C(&&ntl7, $is adoptiv pa&nts a& al&ad7 old and $av

mdi+al p&o:lm and t$(s, t$7 +o(ld no lon6&monito& and ta< +a& o% $im li< :%o&. His adoptiv

mot$& $as Bipola& Mood !iso&d& and (sd to p$7si+all7 malt&at $im. A 7a& a6o, $ $ad an pisod

o% di99inss, vomitin6 and $ada+$s a%t& $ 'as $it

:7 $is adoptiv mot$&. Cons(lt 'as don in Ma<atiMdi+al Cnt& and sv&al tsts '& don, &s(lts o%

'$i+$ '& +onsistnt 'it$ $is dvlopmntal p&o:lm.T$& 'as no vidn+ o% a+(t ins(lts. T$ %amil7

s(:s(ntl7 d+idd t$at $ s$o(ld sta7 'it$ on o%



$is sist&s to avoid simila& in+idnt and t$ possi:ilit7t$at $ 'o(ld &taliat alt$o(6$ $ $as nv& $(&t

an7:od7. T$& $as :n no pisod o% violnt o(t:(&st

o& a66&ssiv :$avio&. H 'o(ld o%tn <p to $imsl%'$n sad, an6&7 o& %&(st&atd.

H is +(&&ntl7 mplo7d in t$ +ompan7 o% $is

sist& and 6ivn assi6nmnt to do som p$oto+op7in6,(s(all7 in t$ mo&nin6s. H n;o7s pla7in6 :illia&ds

and :as<t:all 'it$ $is np$'s and, $ spnds most o%

$is lis(& tim 'at+$in6 T" and listnin6 to m(si+.

H +o(ld p&%o&m a+tivitis o% dail7 livin6 'it$o(tassistan+ D+pt t$at $ still nds s(p&vision inta<in6 a :at$. H +annot p&pa& $is o'n mal and

nv& allo'd to 6o o(t and &(n &&ands alon. H dos

not $av %&inds and it is onl7 $is adoptiv %amil7'$om $ $as si6ni%i+ant &lations$ips. H +laims t$at

$ on+ $ad a 6i&l%&ind '$n $ 'as in $i6$ s+$ool'$o 'as mo& li< a :st %&ind to $im. H nv& $ad

sD(al &lations. H $as la&nd to smo< and d&in<al+o$ol %' 7a&s a6o t$&o(6$ $is +o(sins and t$

d&iv&s. T$& is no $isto&7 o% a:(s o% al+o$ol o& an7

p&o$i:itd s(:stan+s.

ME!ICAL STATUS EQAMINATION

T$ appli+ant 'as app&op&iatl7 d&ssd. H

'as +oop&ativ and $ $ad int&mittnt 7 +onta+t.Sp+$ 'as spontano(s, so%t, and &lvant. H

&spondd to (stions in sin6l 'o&ds o& simplsntn+s. H 'as anDio(s sp+iall7 at t$ sta&t o% t$

int&vi', 'it$ %(ll a%%+t app&op&iat to mood andt$o(6$t +ontnt. T$& 'as no appa&nt t$o(6$t o&

p&+pt(al dist(&:an+. No s(i+idal$omi+idal t$o(6$ts

li+itd. H 'as o&intd to tim, pla+ and p&son. H$as inta+t &mot and &+nt mmo&7. H +o(ld do

simpl +al+(lation. H +o(ld '&it $is nam and &adsimpl 'o&ds. His $(man %i6(& 'as +ompa&a:l to a

328 7a& old. H dmonst&atd %ai& ;(d6mnt and poo&insi6$t. H $ad %ai& imp(ls +ont&ol.

PSCHOLOGICAL TESTS

Ps7+$olo6i+al tsts don on Ma&+$ -, 44/ 0!&.Lo(&ds Ldsma1 and on A(6(st ), /// 0!&. Ma.

T&sa G(stilo2"illaoso&1 +onsistntl7 &vald mild tomod&at mntal d%i+in+7.

SIGNIFICANT LABORATOR EQAMS RESULTS

CT s+an don /4 #an(a&7 // s$o'd

nonsp+i%i+ &i6$t dp pa&ital s(:+o&ti+al mala+ia. No

lo+ali9d mass lsion in t$ :&ain.

MRI don on / #an(a&7 // s$o'd :ilat&al

pa&ital D D D vol(m loss, n+p$alomala+ia, 6liosisand (l67&ia +onsistnt 'it$ s(la o% postnatal o&

nonatal in%a&+ts. ED2va+(o dilatation o% t$ at&ia o%lat&al vnt&i+ls asso+iatd t$innd post&io& $al% o% t$

+o&p(s +allos(m.

ASSESSMENT AN! RECOMMEN!ATION

ADis I NonADis II Mntal Rta&dation, mild to

mod&at t7pADis III Non

ADis I" Non at p&sntADis " C(&&nt GAF */2-/

La&&7s mntal d%i+in+7 +o(ld : asso+iatd

'it$ possi:l p&inatal ins(lts, '$i+$ is +onsistnt 'it$

t$ n(&oima6in6 %indin6s. Mntal &ta&dationasso+iatd 'it$ n(&olo6i+al p&o:lms (s(all7 $as

poo&& p&o6nosis. La&&7 is v&7 m(+$ dpndnt on $is%amil7 %o& $is nds, adaptiv %(n+tionin6, di&+tion and

in ma<in6 ma;o& li% d+isions. At $is +apa+it7, $ ma7



nv& (nd&stand t$ nat(&, t$ %o&sa:l &is<s and :n%its, and +ons(n+s o% t$ p&o+d(&

0vas+tom71 t$at $is %amil7 'ants %o& $is p&ot+tion.

T$(s, t$ &sponsi:ilit7 o% d+ision ma<in6 ma7 :6ivn to $is pa&nt o& 6(a&dian.

Ma&issa B.

Pas+(al, M.!.

Ps7+$iat&ist>?

Consid&in6 t$ a:ov &+ommndation, &spondnt Pd&o

A6(i&&s '&ittn +onsnt 'as dmd s(%%i+int in o&d& to p&o+d

'it$ t$ +ond(+t o% t$ vas+tom7. Hn+, on 5 #an(a&7 //,

&spondnt !&. A6atp p&%o&md a :ilat&al vas+tom7 on La&&7.

On #(n //, ptition& Glo&ia A6(i&&, &spondnt Pd&o

A6(i&&s ldst +$ild, instit(td a +&iminal +omplaint %o& t$ violation

o% t$ Rvisd Pnal Cod, pa&ti+(la&l7 A&ti+ls 3 and -, :ot$ in

&lation to Rp(:li+ A+t No. 3-/ a6ainst &spondnts Pd&o A6(i&&,

Olond&i9, !&. A6atp, !&. Pas+(al and sv&al #o$n#an !os :%o&

t$ O%%i+ o% t$ Cit7 P&os+(to& o% (9on Cit7.

T$ Complaint A%%idavit,5>5? do+<td as I.S. No. /2)

+ontaind t$ %ollo'in6 all6ations=

. D D D !&. A6atp and !&a. Pas+(al '&0si+1 mdi+al p&a+tition&s sp+iali9in6 in (&olo67 and

ps7+$iat&7 &sp+tivl7 '$il &spondnt Pd&o B.

A6(i&& is m7 %at$& Mi+$lina S. A6(i&&2Olond&i9 ism7 sist&, and t$ vi+tim La(&ano KLa&&7 A6(i&& DDD

is m7 +ommon la' :&ot$&. #OHN and #ANE !OES'& t$ p&sons '$o, a+tin6 (pon t$ appa&nt

inst&(+tions o% &spondnts Mi+$lina A6(i&&2Olond&i9

ando& Pd&o B. A6(i&&, a+t(all7 s+o(td, p&osp+td,%a+ilitatd, soli+itd ando& p&o+(&d t$ mdi+al

s&vi+s o% &spondnts !&a. Pas+(al and !&. A6atpvis22vis t$ intndd m(tilation via :ilat&al vas+tom7

o% m7 +ommon la' :&ot$& La&&7 A6(i&& s(:;+t$&o%.

D D D D

). Somtim in Ma&+$ //, $o'v&, t$Ha&t o% Ma&7 "illa o% t$ Good S$p$&d Sist&s 'as

%(&nis$d a +op7 o% &spondnt !&a. Pas+(alsPs7+$iat&7 Rpo&t datd #an(a&7 //) :7 t$K!S!, in '$i+$ m7 +ommon la' :&ot$& KLa&&7

'as %alsl7 and mali+io(sl7 d+la&d in+omptnt andin+apa:l o% p(&po&tdl7 6ivin6 $is o'n +onsnt to t$

MUTILATION "IA BILATERAL "ASECTOMintndd to : p&%o&md on $im :7 all t$ &spondnts.

D D D D

-. Basd on t$ %o&6oin6 +$a&ad and %als p&tnss inva&ia:l7 +ommittd :7 all o% t$

5



&spondnts in +onspi&a+7 'it$ a+$ ot$&, on 5#an(a&7 //, m7 +ommon la' :&ot$& La&&7 A6(i&&,

alt$o(6$ o% l6al a6 :(t +onspi&ato&iall7 +a(sd to :

d+la&d :7 &spondnts to : Kmntall7 d%i+int andin+omptnt to 6iv +onsnt to $is BILATERAL

"ASECTOM, 'as t$n intntionall7, (nla'%(ll7,mali+io(sl7, %lonio(sl7 ando& +&iminall7 pla+d

t$&a%t& (nd& s(&6&7 %o& MUTILATION "IAKBILATERAL "ASECTOM D D D, E"EN

ITHOUT AN AUTHORIATION OR!ER %&om

t$ GUAR!IANSHIP COURT, no& p&sonal +onsnt o%

La&&7 A6(i&& $imsl%.

In addition to t$ a:ov, t$ +omplaint in+l(dd t$&in an

all6ation t$at

v. D D D 'it$o(t a PRIOR mdi+alDamination, p&o%ssional

int&vi' o% no& v&i%i+ation and+ons(ltation 'it$ m7 mot$&,

Lo(&ds Sa:ino2A6(i&&,

&spondnt !&a. Pas+(al :aslssl7, %&a(d(lntl7 and 'it$

o:vio(s intnt to d%am andmali6n $& &p(tation and $ono&,

and 'o&s, t$at o% o(& Sa:ido

%amil7, %alsl7 +on+l(dd anddia6nosd, via $& %alsi%id

Ps7+$iat&7 Rpo&t, t$at m7mot$& Lo(&ds Sa:ido2A6(i&&

p(&po&tdl7 s(%%&s %&omKBIPOLAR MOO!

!ISOR!ER D D D.

To ans'& ptition& Glo&ia A6(i&&s a++(sations a6ai

t$m, &spondnts Pd&o A6(i&&, Olond&i9, !&. A6atp and !

Pas+(al s(:mittd t$i& &sp+tiv Co(nt&2A%%idavits.

In $& d%ns,)>)? &spondnt Olond&i9 dnid t$at s

Kp&osp+td, s+o(td, %a+ilitatd, soli+itd ando& p&o+(&d an7 %a

statmnt, m(tilatd o& a:(sd $& +ommon2la' :&ot$&, La

A6(i&&. F(&t$&, s$ +o(nt&d t$at=

5. D D D $il I am a'a& and admit t$atLa&&7 'nt t$&o(6$ a vas+tom7

p&o+d(&, t$& is not$in6 in t$Complaint '$i+$ Dplains $o' t$

vas+tom7 amo(nts to a m(tilation.

D D D D

*. In an7 +as, as I did not p&%o&m t$vas+tom7, I +an stat 'it$ +omplt+on%idn+ t$at I did not pa&ti+ipat in

an7 'a7 in t$ all6d m(tilation.

-. Nit$& did I p&o+(& o& soli+it t$

s&vi+s o% t$ p$7si+ian '$o p&%o&mdt$ vas+tom7, !&. #(vido A6atp D D D.

It 'as m7 %at$&, Pd&o A6(i&&, La&&7s6(a&dian, '$o o:taind $is s&vi+s. I

m&l7 a+td (pon $is inst&(+tions and

a++ompanid m7 :&ot$& to t$

)



p$7si+ian, &spondnts !&a. Ma&issa B.Pas+(al D D D.

D D D D

/. Nit$& dos t$ Complaint Dplain in'$at mann& t$ Complainant is

a(t$o&i9d o& $as an7 standin6 to d+la&t$at La&&7s +onsnt 'as not o:taind.

Complainant is not t$ 6(a&dian o&

&lativ o% La&&7. $il s$ a&6(s t$at

La&&7s +onsnt s$o(ld $av :no:taind t$ Complaint dos not disp(tt$ ps7+$iat&ists %indin6s a:o(t La&&7s

ina:ilit7 to 6iv +onsnt.

D D D D

5. D D D t$ Complaint dos not vn stat

'$at all6d pa&ti+ipation 'as %alsi%ido& t$ po&tion o% t$ ps7+$iat&i+ &po&t

t$at all6dl7 stats t$at somon

pa&ti+ipatd '$n in %a+t t$at p&son didnot so pa&ti+ipat.

D D D D

*. A6ain, I $ad no pa&ti+ipation in t$ p&pa&ation o% t$ &po&t o% !&. Pas+(al D

D D.

D D D D

3. D D D t$ Complaint dos not disp(t t$at

$ 0La&&71 is mntall7 d%i+int o&in+omptnt to 6iv +onsnt.

D D D D

4. D D D I v&i%id t$at t$ %%+t o% avas+tom7 op&ation 'as Dplaind to

$im 0La&&71 :7 :ot$ &spondnt do+to&s.

/. D D D I a++ompanid La&&7 and o:7d

m7 %at$& on t$ :li% t$at m7 %at$&+ontin(s to : t$ l6al 6(a&dian o%

La&&7. I <no' o% no on ls '$o ass&tsto : $is l6al 6(a&dian D D D.*>*?

All6in6 t$ sam statmnt o% %a+ts and d%nss, &spond

Pd&o A6(i&& a&6(s a6ainst $is +ompli+it7 in t$ +&im o% m(tilati

as +$a&6d and ass&ts t$at=

*. In an7 +as, as I did not p&%o&m t$ vas+tom7,I +an stat 'it$ +omplt +on%idn+ t$at I did

not pa&ti+ipat in an7 'a7 in t$ all6d

m(tilation.->-?

Nv&t$lss, $ maintains t$at t$ vas+tom7 p&%o&md on La

dos not in an7 'a7 amo(nt to m(tilation, as t$ latt&s &p&od(+ti

o&6an is still +ompltl7 inta+t.3>3? In an7 +as, &spondnt Pd

A6(i&& Dplains t$at t$ p&o+d(& p&%o&md is &v&si:l t$&o(

anot$& p&o+d(& +alld "asovasostom7, to 'it=

*

-3



8. I (nd&stand t$at vas+tom7 is reversiblet$&o(6$ a p&o+d(& +alld "asovasostom7. I

+an also stat 'it$ +on%idn+ t$at t$ p&o+d(&na:ls mn '$o $av (nd&6on a vas+tom7

to si& a +$ild. Hn+, no permanent dama6

'as +a(sd :7 t$ p&o+d(&.

Rspondnt Pd&o A6(i&& +$alln6s t$ +$a&6 o%

%alsi%i+ation in t$ +omplaint, to 'it=

). D D D I did not ma< it appa& t$at an7 p&son

pa&ti+ipatd in an7 a+t o& p&o+din6 '$n t$at

p&son did not in %a+t pa&ti+ipat D D D.

D D D D

-. D D D I $ad no pa&ti+ipation in t$ p&pa&ation o%t$ &po&t o% !&a. Pas+(al. S$ a&&ivd at $&

&po&t indpndntl7, (sin6 $& o'n

p&o%ssional ;(d6mnt D D D.

D D D D

5. $at I +annot (nd&stand a:o(t Ptitas

Complaint is $o' La&&7 is a&6(d to : l6all7 a+$ild (nd& t$ d%inition o% on la' :(t

nont$lss and sim(ltano(sl7 a&6(d to :+apa+itatd to 6iv $is +onsnt as %(ll7 as an

ad(lt.8>8?

8

Rspondnt Pd&o A6(i&& %(&t$& +la&i%is t$at +

6(a&dians$ip ov& La&&7 $ad :n 6&antd to $imsl% and $is 'i

Lo(&ds A6(i&&, 'a7 :a+< on 4 #(n 48- :7 t$ R6ional T&

Co(&t, B&an+$ 5 o% Balan6a, Bataan. Rspondnt Pd&o A6(i

+ontnds t$at :in6 on o% t$ l6al 6(a&dians, +ons(ntl7, pa&n

a(t$o&it7 ov& La&&7 is vstd in $im. B(t ass(min6 %o& t$ sa<

a&6(mnt t$at La&&7 dos $av t$ +apa+it7 to ma< t$ d+isi

+on+&nin6 $is vas+tom7, &spondnt Pd&o A6(i&& a&6(s t$

ptition& Glo&ia A6(i&& $as no l6al p&sonalit7 to instit(t t

s(:;+t +&iminal +omplaint, %o& onl7 La&&7 'o(ld $av t$ &i6$t to

so.

#(st as t$ t'o p&+din6 &spondnts did, &spondnt !

A6atp also disp(td t$ all6ations o% %a+ts statd in t$ Complai

Adoptin6 t$ all6ations o% $is +o2&spondnts inso%a& as t$7 '

mat&ial to t$ +$a&6s a6ainst $im, $ v$mntl7 dnid %ailin6

in%o&m La&&7 o% t$ intndd p&o+d(&. In $is +o(nt&2statmnt

%a+ts $ av&&d t$at=

0:1 D D D I s+$d(ld La&&7 %o& +ons(ltativ

int&vi' D D D '$&in I painsta<in6l7 Dplaind '$atvas+tom7 is and t$ +ons(n+s t$&o% :(t %indin6

si6ns o% mntal d%i+in+7, D D D I advisd $is &lativs

and $is n(&s '$o a++ompanid $im to $av La&&7Damind :7 a ps7+$iat&ist '$o +o(ld p&op&l7



dt&min '$t$& o& not La&&7 D D D +an &all7 6iv $is+onsnt, t$(s I &(i&d t$m to s+(& %i&st a

ps7+$iat&i+ val(ation and +la&an+ p&io& to t$

+ontmplatd p&o+d(&.

0+1 On #an(a&7 , //, I 'as %(&nis$d a+op7 o% a ps7+$iat&i+ &po&t p&pa&d :7 !&. Ma&issa

Pas+(al D D D. In $& said &po&t, !&. Pas+(al %o(ndLa&&7 to s(%%& %&om Kmntal &ta&dation, mild to

mod&at t7p and %(&t$& statd t$at Kat $is +apa+it7,

$ ma7 nv& (nd&stand t$ nat(&, t$ %o&sa:l

&is<s and :n%its and +ons(n+s o% t$ p&o+d(&0vas+tom71 D D D, t$(s t$ &sponsi:ilit7 o% d+isionma<in6 ma7 : 6ivn to $is pa&nt o& 6(a&dian D D D.

0d1 D D D I 'as li<'is %(&nis$d a +op7 o%an a%%idavit D+(td :7 Pd&o A6(i&& statin6 t$at $

'as t$ l6al 6(a&dian o% La&&7 D D D Pd&o A6(i&&6av $is +onsnt to vas+tomi9 La&&7 D D D.

01 Onl7 t$n, sp+i%i+all7 #an(a&7 5, //,

vas+tom7 'as p&%o&md 'it$ (tmost +a& and

dili6n+.4>4?

In d%ns a6ainst t$ +$a&6 o% %alsi%i+ation and m(tilation,

&spondnt !&. A6atp a&6(d t$at s(:;+t +omplaint s$o(ld :

dismissd %o& t$ %ollo'in6 &asons=

. T$ +omplainant $as no l6al p&sonalit7to %il t$is +as. As mntiond a:ov, s$ is onl7 a

+ommon la' sist& o% La&&7 '$o $as a l6al 6(a&dian in

4

t$ p&son o% Pd&o A6(i&&, on o% t$ $&in&spondnts D D D.

. D D D >t?$ all6ations in t$ +omplaint +la&l7+nt&s on t$ +ondition o% +omplainants mot$&,

Lo(&ds A6(i&&, $& &p(tation, and mis&a:l7 %ails toimpli+at t$ d6& o% pa&ti+ipation o% $&in

&spondnt. D D D

D D D D

0:1 Falsi%i+ation. D D D I st&on6l7 av& t$at t$is%lon7 dos not appl7 to m sin+ it +la&l7 6ivs&%&n+ to +o2&spondnt, !&. Ma&issa Pas+(als

Ps7+$iat&7 Rpo&t, datd #an(a&7 , //, in &lation

'it$ $& %ild o% p&o%ssion, an Dp&t opinion. I do not$av an7 pa&ti+ipation in t$ p&pa&ation o% said &po&t,

D D D nit$& did I (tili9d 0si+1 t$ sam in an7 p&o+din6s to t$ dama6 to anot$&. D D D I also dn7

(sin6 a %alsi%id do+(mnt D D D.

0+1 M(tilation. D D D "as+tom7 dos not in

an7'a7 (at to +ast&ation and '$at is to(+$d invas+tom7 is not +onsid&d an o&6an in t$ +ontDt o%

la' and mdi+in, it is (it &mot %&om t$ pnis D D

D.

0d1 C$ild A:(s. D D D t$ +omplaint2a%%idavitis v&7 va6( in sp+i%7in6 t$ appli+a:ilit7 o% said la'.

It m&l7 av&s t$at La(&ano KLa&&7 A6(i&& is a+$ild, and all6s $is %at$&, Pd&o A6(i&&, $as pa&ntal

a(t$o&it7 ov& $im D D D./>/?

/



Simila&l7, &spondnt !&. Pas+(al dnid t$ +&iminal +$a&6s

o% %alsi%i+ation and m(tilation imp(td to $&. S$ stands :7 t$

+ontnts o% t$ assaild Ps7+$iat&i+ Rpo&t, ;(sti%7in6 it t$(s=

D D D M7 opinion o% La&&7 A6(i&&s mntalstat(s 'as :asd on m7 o'n p&sonal o:s&vations, $is

&sponss d(&in6 m7 int&vi' o% $im, t$ &s(lts o% t$

t'o 01 ps7+$olo6i+al tsts +ond(+td :7 +lini+al ps7+$olo6ists, t$ &s(lts o% la:o&ato&7 tsts, in+l(din6 a

CT S+an and MRI, and $is p&sonal and %amil7 $isto&7'$i+$ I o:taind %&om $is sist&, Mi+$lina A6(i&&2

Olond&i9 D D D.

*. D D D t$ &%&n+ in m7 &po&t

+on+&nin6 M&s. Lo(&ds A6(i&& is not a statmnt o%m7 opinion o% M&s. A6(i&&s mntal stat(s, D D D.

Rat$&, it is pa&t o% t$ patints p&sonal and %amil7$isto&7 as +onv7d to m :7 M&s. A6(i&&2Olond&i9.

-. D D D An Dp&ssion o% m7 opinion,

sp+iall7 o% an Dp&t opinion, +annot 6iv &is to a

+$a&6 %o& %alsi%i+ation. A +ont&a&7 opinion :7 anot$&Dp&t onl7 mans t$at t$ Dp&ts di%%&, and dos not

n+ssa&il7 &%l+t on t$ t&(t$ o& %alsit7 o% it$&opinion D D D.

3. D D D I nv& statd t$at I Damind M&s.A6(i&&, :+a(s I nv& did D D D.

8. I $ad no pa&ti+ipation in t$ s(&6&7

p&%o&md on La&&7 A6(i&& D+pt to &nd& an opinionon $is +apa+it7 to 6iv in%o&md +onsnt to t$

vas+tom7 D D D.

4. it$o(t admittin6 t$ m&its o% t$+omplaint, I s(:mit t$at +omplainants a& not t$ p&op&

p&sons to s(:s+&i: to t$ sam as t$7 a& not t$

o%%ndd pa&t7, pa+ o%%i+& o& ot$& p(:li+ o%%i+&+$a&6d 'it$ t$ n%o&+mnt o% t$ la' violatd D D

D.>?

T$ Assistant Cit7 P&os+(to& $ld t$at t$ +i&+(mstan

attndant to t$ +as did not amo(nt to t$ +&im o% %alsi%i+ation.

$ld t$at

>T?$ +laim o% t$ +omplainant t$at t$ Ps7+$iat&i+

Rpo&t 'as %alsi%id, :+a(s +onsnt 'as not 6ivn :7La&&7 A6(i&& to t$ vas+tom7 ando& $ 'as not

+ons(ltd on said op&ation dos not +onstit(t%alsi%i+ation. It 'o(ld $av :n di%%&nt i% it 'as

statd in t$ &po&t t$at +onsnt 'as o:taind %&om

La&&7 A6(i&& o& t$at it 'as '&ittn t$&in t$at $ 'as+ons(ltd on t$ vas+tom7, :+a(s t$at 'o(ld man

t$at it 'as mad to appa& in t$ &po&t t$at La&&7A6(i&& pa&ti+ipatd in t$ a+t o& p&o+din6 :7 6ivin6

$is +onsnt o& 'as +ons(ltd on t$ matt& '$n in

t&(t$ and in %a+t, $ did not pa&ti+ipat. O& i% not, t$nt&7 'o(ld $av :n an (nt&(t$%(l statmnt. B(t t$at

is not t$ +as. P&+isl7 0si+1 t$ &po&t 'as mad todt&min '$t$& La&&7 A6(i&& +o(ld 6iv $is +onsnt

to $is intndd vas+tom7. B t$at as it ma7, t$ matt&o% La&&7s +onsnt $avin6 o:taind o& not ma7 no& :

an iss( a%t& all, :+a(s +omplainants 0si+1 $&sl%

all6d t$at La&&7s mntal +ondition is t$at o% a +$ild,'$o +an not 6iv +onsnt. Basd on t$ %o&6oin6



+onsid&ation, no %alsi%i+ation +an : sta:lis$d (nd&t$ +i&+(mstan+s.>?

Evn t$ statmnt in t$ Ps7+$iat&i+ Rpo&t o% &spondnt !&.

Pas+(al t$at Lo(&ds A6(i&& $ad Bipola& Mood !iso&d& +annot :

+onsid&d %alsi%i+ation sin+

T$ &po&t did not stat t$at Lo(&ds A6(i&& 'as in%a+t p&sonall7 int&vi'd :7 &spondnt !&. Pas+(al

and t$at t$ latt& +on+l(dd t$at Lo(&ds A6(i&& $as

Bipola& Mood !iso&d&. T$ &po&t m&l7 (otd ot$&so(&+s o% in%o&mation 'it$ &sp+t to t$ +ondition o%

Lo(&ds A6(i&&, in t$ sam mann& t$at t$ %a+t t$atLo(&ds A6(i&& 'as p$7si+all7 a:(sin6 La&&7 A6(i&&

'as also not o% !&a. Pas+(al p&sonal <no'ld6. B(tt$ %a+t t$at !&a. Pas+(al +itd %indin6, '$i+$ is not o%

$& o'n p&sonal <no'ld6 in $& &po&t dos not

man t$at s$ +ommittd %alsi%i+ation in t$ p&o+ss.H& so(&+s ma7 : '&on6 and ma7 a%%+t t$ v&a+it7

o% $& &po&t, :(t %o& as lon6 as s$ $as not all6dt$&in t$at s$ p&sonall7 dia6nosd Lo(&ds A6(i&&,

'$i+$ all6ation 'o(ld not t$n : t&(, s$ +annot :

+$a&6d o% %alsi%i+ation. T$&%o&, it 6os 'it$o(tsa7in6 t$at i% t$ a(t$o& o% t$ &po&t is not 6(ilt7, t$n

'it$ mo& &ason t$ ot$& &spondnts a& not lia:l. 5

>5?

5

Rsp+tin6 t$ +$a&6 o% m(tilation, t$ Assistant C

P&os+(to& also $ld t$at t$ %a+ts all6d did not amo(nt to t$ +&im

o% m(tilation as d%ind and pnali9d (nd& A&ti+l - o% t

Rvisd Pnal Cod, i.e., K>t?$ vas+tom7 op&ation did not in a

'a7 dp&ivd 0si+1 La&&7 o% $is &p&od(+tiv o&6an, '$i+$ is still v

m(+$ pa&t o% $is p$7si+al sl%. H &atio+inatd t$at=

$il t$ op&ation &nd&s $im t$ ina:ilit7 0si+1 to

p&o+&at, t$ op&ation is &v&si:l and t$&%o&,

+annot : t$ p&mannt dama6 +ontmplatd (nd&A&ti+l - o% t$ Rvisd Pnal Cod.)>)?

T$ Assistant Cit7 P&os+(to&,*>*? in a Rsol(tion->-? da

8 #an(a&7 //5, %o(nd no p&o:a:l +a(s to $old &spondnts Pd

A6(i&&, Olond&i9, !&. A6atp and !&. Pas+(al lia:l %o& t$ +ompla

o% %alsi%i+ation and m(tilation, mo& sp+i%i+all7, t$ violation

A&ti+ls 3 and - o% t$ Rvisd Pnal Cod, in &lation

Rp(:li+ A+t No. 3-/. A++o&din6l7, t$ Assistant Cit7 P&os+(

&+ommndd t$ dismissal o% ptition& Glo&ia A6(i&&s +ompla

%o& ins(%%i+in+7 o% vidn+. T$ dispositiv po&tion o% t$ &sol(ti

&ads=

)

*-



HEREFORE, it is &+ommndd t$at t$a:ov2ntitld +as : dismissd %o& ins(%%i+in+7 o%

vidn+.3>3?

On 8 F:&(a&7 //5, ptition& Glo&ia A6(i&& appald t$

%o&6oin6 &sol(tion to t$ S+&ta&7 o% t$ !O# :7 mans o% a Ptition

%o& Rvi'.8>8?

In a Rsol(tion datd F:&(a&7 //), C$i% Stat P&os+(to&

#ovn+ito R. (o, %o& t$ S+&ta&7 o% t$ !O#, dismissd t$

ptition. In &solvin6 said appal, t$ C$i% Stat P&os+(to& $ld t$at=

Und& S+tion , in &lation to S+tion 3, o%

!pa&tmnt Ci&+(la& No. 3/ datd #(l7 5, ///, t$S+&ta&7 o% #(sti+ ma7, motu proprio, dismiss

o(t&i6$t t$ ptition i% t$& is no s$o'in6 o% an7&v&si:l &&o& in t$ (stiond &sol(tion o& %inds t$sam to : patntl7 'it$o(t m&it.

+a&%(ll7 Damind t$ ptition and its

atta+$mnts and %o(nd no &&o& t$at 'o(ld ;(sti%7 a

&v&sal o% t$ assaild &sol(tion '$i+$ is in a++o&d'it$ t$ la' and vidn+d 0si+1 on t$ matt&.4>4?

3

84

Ptition& Glo&ia A6(i&&s Motion %o& R+onsid&ation '

li<'is dnid 'it$ %inalit7 :7 t$ !O# in anot$& Rsol(tion dat

Novm:& //).

Rsol(t in $& :li%, ptition& Glo&ia A6(i&& 'nt to t

Co(&t o% Appals :7 mans o% a Ptition %o& *ertiorari, P&o$i:iti

and &andamus (nd& R(l -* o% t$ R(ls o% Co(&t, as amndd.

On #(l7 //*, t$ Co(&t o% Appals p&om(l6atd

!+ision dismissin6 ptition& Glo&ia A6(i&&s &+o(&s %o& la+<

m&it.

T$ fallo o% t$ assaild d+ision &ads=

HEREFORE, p&miss +onsid&d, t$ p&snt ptition is $&:7 !ENIE! !UE COURSE and

a++o&din6l7 !ISMISSE! %o& la+< o% m&it.

Cons(ntl7, t$ assaild Rsol(tions datd F:&(a&7, //) and Novm:& , //) o% t$ S+&ta&7 o%

#(sti+ in I.S. No. /2)-- a& $&:7 AFFIRME!.5/

>5/?

5/



Ptition& Glo&ia A6(i&&s motion %o& &+onsid&ation p&ovd %(til as

it 'as dnid :7 t$ appllat +o(&t in a Rsol(tion datd * !+m:&

//*.

Hn+, t$ p&snt ptition %ild (nd& R(l )* o% t$ R(ls o% Co(&t,

as amndd, p&misd on t$ %ollo'in6 a&6(mnts=

I.

THE COURT OF APPEALS COMMITTE!

SERIOUS, GRA"E AN! RE"ERSIBLE ERRORSOF LA HEN IT CONCLU!E!, BASE!

PURPORTE!L ON THE INTERNET HICH

RUNS AMUC@ ITH OUR SSTEM OF THERULE OF LA AN! THE E"I!ENCE ON

RECOR!, THAT BILATERAL "ASECTOM IS

PURPORTE!L // RE"ERSIBLE B AFUTURE ME!ICAL PROCE!URE HENCE NOT

AMOUNTING TO MUTILATION, Q Q Q AN!

D D D D

II.

ORSE, THE COURT OF APPEALS COMMITTE!

GRA"E, SERIOUS AN! RE"ERSIBLE ERRORSOF LA HEN IT REFUSE! TO !IRECT THE

IN!ICTMENT OF THE PRI"ATE RESPON!ENTSFOR MUTILATION AN! FALSIFICATION

!ESPITE THE EQISTENCE OF SUFFICIENTPROBABLE CAUSE THEREFOR Q Q Q.5>5?

T$ %o&6oin6 iss(s not'it$standin6, t$ mo& p&op& iss

%o& t$is Co(&ts +onsid&ation is, 6ivn t$ %a+ts o% t$ +as, '$t$&

not t$ Co(&t o% Appals &&d in &(lin6 t$at t$ !O# did not +omm

6&av a:(s o% dis+&tion amo(ntin6 to la+< o& D+ss o% ;(&isdi+ti

'$n t$ latt& a%%i&md t$ p(:li+ p&os+(to&s %indin6 o% la+<

p&o:a:l +a(s %o& &spondnts Pd&o A6(i&&, Olond&i9, !&. A6a

and !&. Pas+(al to stand t&ial %o& t$ +&iminal +omplaints

%alsi%i+ation and m(tilation in &lation to Rp(:li+ A+t No. 3-/.

In &(lin6 t$at t$ !O# did not +ommit 6&av a:(s o% dis+&ti

amo(ntin6 to la+< o& D+ss o% ;(&isdi+tion, t$ Co(&t o% Appals

Dplaind t$at=

Evidntl7, t$ +ont&ov&s7 lis in t$ p&mann+7 o%

st&ili9ation as a &s(lt o% a vas+tom7 op&ation, andt$ +$an+s o% &sto&in6 %&tilit7 'it$ a &v&sal s(&6&7

D D D.

s(stain t$ !O# in &(lin6 t$at t$ :ilat&al

vas+tom7 p&%o&md on La&&7 dos not +onstit(tm(tilation vn i% intntionall7 and p(&posl7 don to

p&vnt $im %&om si&in6 a +$ild.

5



D D D D

St&ili9ation is to : distin6(is$d %&om +ast&ation= int$ latt& a+t t$ &p&od(+tiv +apa+it7 is p&manntl7

&movd o& dama6d.5>5?

It t$n +on+l(dd t$at=

T$ matt& o% l6al lia:ilit7, ot$& t$an +&iminal, '$i+$

p&ivat &spondnts ma7 $av in+(&&d %o& t$ all6d

a:sn+ o% a valid +onsnt to t$ vas+tom7 p&%o&mdon La&&7, is +&tainl7 :7ond t$ p&ovin+ o% t$is

+&tio&a&i ptition. O(t tas< is +on%ind to t$ iss( o%'$t$& o& not t$ S+&ta&7 o% #(sti+ and t$ O%%i+ o%

t$ Cit7 P&os+(to& o% (9on Cit7 +ommittd 6&ava:(s o% dis+&tion in t$i& dt&minin6 t$ Distn+ o&

a:sn+ o% p&o:a:l +a(s %o& %ilin6 +&iminal +ass %o&

falsification and mutilation (nd& A&ti+ls 3 01 and- o% t$ Rvisd Pnal Cod.55>55?

Ptition& Glo&ia A6(i&&, $o'v&, +ontnds t$at t$ Co(&t o%

Appals and t$ !O# %aild to app&+iat sv&al impo&tant %a+ts= 1

t$at :ilat&al vas+tom7 +ond(+td on ptition&s :&ot$&, La&&7

A6(i&&, 'as admittd5)>5)? 1 t$at t$ p&o+d(& +a(sd t$ p&pt(al

5

555)

dst&(+tion o% La&&7s &p&od(+tiv o&6ans o% 6n&ation

+on+ption5*>5*? 51 t$at t$ :ilat&al vas+tom7 'as intntional a

dli:&at to dp&iv La&&7 %o&v& o% $is &p&od(+tiv o&6an and

+apa+it7 to p&o+&at and )1 t$at &spondnts, Kin +onspi&a+7 'it$ o

anot$&, mad not onl7 on :(t t'o 01 (nt&(t$%(l statmnts, and n

m& ina++(&a+is '$n t$7 mad it appa& in t$ ps7+$ia

&po&t5->5-? t$at a1 La&&7s +onsnt 'as o:taind o& at t$ v&7 l

t$at t$ latt& 'as in%o&md o% t$ intndd vas+tom7 and :1 t$

Lo(&ds A6(i&& 'as li<'is int&vi'd and val(at

Pa&adoDi+all7, $o'v&, ptition& Glo&ia A6(i&& dos not in an7 '

stat t$at s$, instad o% &spondnt Pd&o A6(i&&, $as 6(a&dians$

ov& t$ p&son o% La&&7. S$ onl7 insists t$at &spondnts s$o(ld $a

o:taind La&&7s +onsnt p&io& to t$ +ond(+t o% t$ :ilat

vas+tom7.

In +ont&ast, t$ O%%i+ o% t$ Soli+ito& Gn&al 0OSG1,

p(:li+ &spondnt !O#, a&6(s t$at Kt$ +ond(+t o% p&limin

invsti6ation to dt&min t$ Distn+ o% p&o:a:l +a(s %o& t

p(&pos o% %ilin6 0an1 in%o&mation is t$ %(n+tion o% t$ p(:

p&os+(to&.53>53? Mo& impo&tantl7, Kt$ lmnt>s? o% +ast&ation

m(tilation o% an o&6an n+ssa&7 %o& 6n&ation is +ompltl7 a:snt

5*

5-53



$ 'as not dp&ivd o% an7 o&6an n+ssa&7 %o& &p&od(+tion, m(+$

lss t$ dst&(+tion o% s(+$ o&6an.58>58?

Li<'is, in s(ppo&t o% t$ d+ision o% t$ Co(&t o% Appals,

&spondnts Pd&o A6(i&& and Olond&i9 ass&t t$at, %(ndamntall7,

ptition& Glo&ia A6(i&& $as no standin6 to %il t$ +omplaint, as s$

$as not s$o'n an7 in;(&7 to $& p&son o& ass&td an7 &lations$ip

'it$ La&&7 ot$& t$an :in6 $is K+ommon la' sist& %(&t$&, t$at s$

+annot p&os+(t t$ p&snt +as, as s$ $as not :n a(t$o&i9d :7

la' to %il said +omplaint, not :in6 t$ o%%ndd pa&t7, a pa+ o%%i+&

o& a p(:li+ o%%i+& +$a&6d 'it$ t$ n%o&+mnt o% t$ la'.

A++o&din6l7, &spondnts Pd&o A6(i&& and Olond&i9 posit t$at t$7,

to6t$& 'it$ t$ ot$& &spondnts !&. A6atp and !&. Pas+(al, ma7

not : +$a&6d 'it$, p&os+(td %o& and (ltimatl7 +onvi+td o%= 1

Km(tilation D D D sin+ t$ :ilat&al vas+tom7 +ond(+td on La&&7

dos not involv +ast&ation o& amp(tation o% an o&6an n+ssa&7 %o&

&p&od(+tion as t$ t'in lmnts o% t$ +&im o% m(tilation D D D a&

a:snt54>54? and 1 K%alsi%i+ation D D D sin+ t$ a+ts all6dl7

+onstit(tin6 %alsi%i+ation involv matt&s o% mdi+al opinion and not

matt&s o% %a+t,)/>)/? and t$at ptition& Glo&ia A6(i&& %aild to p&ov

dama6 to $&sl% o& to an7 ot$& p&son.

58

54)/

Rspondnt !&. A6atp, in t$ sam vin, st&sss t$

vas+tom7 is not m(tilation. H l(+idats t$at vas+tom7 is m&

t$ KD+ision o% t$ vas d%&ns, t$ d(+t in tstis '$i+$ t&ansp

smn)>)? t$at it is t$ pnis and t$ tstis t$at ma< (p t$ m

&p&od(+tiv o&6an and not t$ vas d%&ns and additionall7 a&6(

t$at %o& t$ +&im o% m(tilation to : a++omplis$d, A&ti+l - o% t

Rvisd Pnal Cod n+ssitats t$at t$& : intntional total

pa&tial dp&ivation o% som ssntial o&6an %o& &p&od(+tion. T(:

sminal d(+ts, vas d%&ns o& p&ostati+ (&t$&a not :in6 o&6a

&spondnt !&. A6atp +on+l(ds, t$&%o&, t$at vas+tom7 dos n

+o&&spond to m(tilation.

Annt t$ +$a&6 o% %alsi%i+ation o% a p&ivat do+(m

&spondnt !&. A6atp assv&ats t$at $ nv& too< pa&t in dis+los

an7 in%o&mation, data o& %a+ts as +ontaind in t$ +ontntio

Ps7+$iat&i+ Rpo&t.

Fo& $& pa&t, &spondnt !&. Pas+(al insists t$at t$ assail

Ps7+$iat&7 Rpo&t 'as t$ &s(lt o% $& indpndnt D&+is

p&o%ssional ;(d6mnt. KRi6$tl7 o& '&on6l7, 0s$1 dia6nosd La

A6(i&& to : in+apa:l o% 6ivin6 +onsnt, :asd on int&vi's ma

:7 t$ ps7+$iat&ist on La&&7 A6(i&& and p&sons '$o int&a+td '

)



$im.)>)? And s(pposin6 t$at said &po&t is %la'd, it is, at most, an

&&ono(s mdi+al dia6nosis.

HEL!=

T$ ptition $as no m&it.

P&o:a:l +a(s $as :n d%ind as t$ Distn+ o% s(+$ %a+ts

and +i&+(mstan+s as 'o(ld D+it :li% in a &asona:l mind, a+tin6

on t$ %a+ts 'it$in t$ <no'ld6 o% t$ p&os+(to&, t$at t$ p&son

+$a&6d 'as 6(ilt7 o% t$ +&im %o& '$i+$ $ 'as p&os+(td. )5>)5?

T$ t&m dos not man Ka+t(al and positiv +a(s no& dos it impo&t

a:sol(t +&taint7.))>))? It is m&l7 :asd on opinion and &asona:l

:li%)*>)*? t$at is, t$ :li% t$at t$ a+t o& omission +omplaind o%

+onstit(ts t$ o%%ns +$a&6d. A %indin6 o% p&o:a:l +a(s m&l7

:inds ov& t$ s(sp+t to stand t&ial. It is not a p&ono(n+mnt o%

6(ilt.

)-

>)-?

T$ D+(tiv dpa&tmnt o% t$ 6ov&nmnt is a++o(nta:l %o&

t$ p&os+(tion o% +&ims, its p&in+ipal o:li6ation :in6 t$ %ait$%(l

))5

))

)*)-

D+(tion o% t$ la's o% t$ land. A n+ssa&7 +omponnt o% t

po'& to D+(t t$ la's is t$ &i6$t to p&os+(t t$i& violato&s,)3>)

t$ &sponsi:ilit7 o% '$i+$ is t$&(st (pon t$ !O#. Hn+, t

dt&mination o% '$t$& o& not p&o:a:l +a(s Dists to 'a&&ant t

p&os+(tion in +o(&t o% an a++(sd is +onsi6nd and nt&(std to t

!O#. And :7 t$ nat(& o% $is o%%i+, a p(:li+ p&os+(to& is (nd&

+omp(lsion to %il a pa&ti+(la& +&iminal in%o&mation '$& $ is n

+onvin+d t$at $ $as vidn+ to p&op (p t$ av&mnts t$&o%,

t$at t$ vidn+ at $and points to a di%%&nt +on+l(sion.

P(t simpl7, p(:li+ p&os+(to&s (nd& t$ !O# $av a '

&an6 o% dis+&tion, t$ dis+&tion o% '$t$&, '$at and '$om

+$a&6, t$ D&+is o% '$i+$ dpnds on a smo&6as:o&d o% %a+to

'$i+$ a& :st app&+iatd :7 0p(:li+1 p&os+(to&s.)8>)8? And t

Co(&t $as +onsistntl7 ad$&d to t$ poli+7 o% non2int&%&n+ in t

+ond(+t o% p&limina&7 invsti6ations, and to lav to t$ invsti6ati

p&os+(to& s(%%i+int latit(d o% dis+&tion in t$ dt&mination o% '

+onstit(ts s(%%i+int vidn+ as 'ill sta:lis$ p&o:a:l +a(s %o& t

%ilin6 o% an in%o&mation a6ainst t$ s(pposd o%%nd&.)4>)4?

)3

)8)4



B(t t$is is not to dis+o(nt t$ possi:ilit7 o% t$ +ommission o%

a:(ss on t$ pa&t o% t$ p&os+(to&. It is nti&l7 possi:l t$at t$

invsti6atin6 p&os+(to& ma7 &&ono(sl7 D&+is t$ dis+&tion

lod6d in $im :7 la'. T$is, $o'v&, dos not &nd& $is a+t amna:l

to +o&&+tion and ann(lmnt :7 t$ Dt&ao&dina&7 &md7 o% certiorari,

a:snt an7 s$o'in6 o% 6&av a:(s o% dis+&tion amo(ntin6 to D+ss

o% ;(&isdi+tion.*/>*/?

P&s+indin6 %&om t$ a:ov, t$ +o(&ts d(t7 in an app&op&iat

+as, t$&%o&, is +on%ind to a dt&mination o% '$t$& t$ assaild

D+(tiv dt&mination o% p&o:a:l +a(s 'as don 'it$o(t o& in

D+ss o% ;(&isdi+tion &s(ltin6 %&om a 6&av a:(s o% dis+&tion. Fo&

+o(&ts o% la' to 6&ant t$ Dt&ao&dina&7 '&it o% certiorari, so as to

;(sti%7 t$ &v&sal o% t$ %indin6 o% '$t$& o& not t$& Dists

p&o:a:l +a(s to %il an in%o&mation, t$ on s<in6 t$ '&it m(st :

a:l to sta:lis$ t$at t$ invsti6atin6 p&os+(to& D&+isd $is po'&

in an a&:it&a&7 and dspoti+ mann& :7 &ason o% passion o& p&sonal

$ostilit7, and it m(st : patnt and 6&oss as 'o(ld amo(nt to an

vasion o& to a (nilat&al &%(sal to p&%o&m t$ d(t7 n;oind o& to a+t

in +ontmplation o% la'. G&av a:(s o% dis+&tion is not no(6$.*

>*? ED+ss o% ;(&isdi+tion si6ni%is t$at $ $ad ;(&isdi+tion ov& t$

+as :(t $as t&ans+ndd t$ sam o& a+td 'it$o(t a(t$o&it7.*>*?

*/

**

Appl7in6 t$ %o&6oin6 dis(isition to t$ p&snt ptition, t

&asons o% t$ Assistant Cit7 P&os+(to& in dismissin6 t$ +&imin

+omplaints %o& %alsi%i+ation and m(tilation, as a%%i&md :7 t$ !O#

dt&minativ o% '$t$& o& not $ +ommittd 6&av a:(s

dis+&tion amo(ntin6 to la+< o& D+ss o% ;(&isdi+tion.

In &(lin6 t$ 'a7 $ did t$at no p&o:a:l +a(s

%alsi%i+ation and m(tilation Dists 2 t$ Assistant Cit7 P&os+(

dli:&atd on t$ %a+t(al and l6al mili( o% t$ +as. H %o(nd t$

t$& 'as no s(%%i+int vidn+ to sta:lis$ a prima facie +as %o& t

+&ims +omplaind o% as d%ind and p(nis$d (nd& A&ti+ls 3

pa&a6&ap$ , and - o% t$ Rvisd Pnal Cod in &lation

Rp(:li+ A+t No. 3-/, &sp+tivl7. Con+&nin6 t$ +&im

%alsi%i+ation o% a p&ivat do+(mnt, t$ Assistant Cit7 P&os+(

&asond t$at t$ +i&+(mstan+s attndant to t$ +as did not amo(nt

t$ +&im +omplaind o%, t$at is, t$ la+< o% +onsnt :7 La&&7 A6(i&

:%o& $ 'as vas+tomi9d o& t$ %a+t t$at t$ latt& 'as n

+ons(ltd. T$ la+< o% t$ t'o p&+din6 attndant %a+ts do not in a

'a7 amo(nt to %alsi%i+ation, a:snt t$ +ontntion t$at it 'as mad

appa& in t$ assaild &po&t t$at said +onsnt 'as o:taind. T

'o(ld $av :n an (nt&(t$%(l statmnt. Nit$& dos t$ %a+t t$at t

Ps7+$iat&i+ Rpo&t stat t$at Lo(&ds A6(i&& $as Bipola& Mo

!iso&d& :7 t$ sam to<n amo(nt to %alsi%i+ation :+a(s said &p



dos not p(t %o&'a&d t$at s(+$ %indin6 a&os a%t& an Damination o%

t$ +on+&nd patint. $propos t$ +$a&6 o% m(tilation, $ &asond

t$at t$o(6$ t$ vas+tom7 &nd&d La&&7 (na:l to p&o+&at, it 'as

not t$ p&mannt dama6 +ontmplatd (nd& t$ p&tinnt p&ovision

o% t$ pnal +od.

a6&. G&av a:(s o% dis+&tion amo(ntin6 to la+< o&

D+ss o% ;(&isdi+tion on t$ pa&t o% t$ !O# and t$ Assistant Cit7

P&os+(to& 'as not s$o'n in t$ p&snt +as.

In t$ p&snt ptition, &spondnts Pd&o A6(i&&, Olond&i9,

!&. A6atp and !&. Pas+(al a& +$a&6d 'it$ violatin6 A&ti+ls 3

and - o% t$ Rvisd Pnal Cod, in &lation to Rp(:li+ A+t No.

3-/. A&ti+l 3, pa&a6&ap$ o% t$ Rvisd Pnal Cod, d%ins t$

+&im o% %alsi%i+ation o% a p&ivat do+(mnt, vi(

A&t. 3. Falsification by private individuals

and use of falsified documents. T$ pnalt7 o% prisioncorreccional in its mdi(m and maDim(m p&iods and a

%in o% not mo& t$an *,/// psos s$all : imposd(pon=

D D D D

. An7 p&son '$o, to t$ dama6 o% at$i&d pa&t7, o& 'it$ t$ intnt to +a(s s(+$ dama6,

s$all in an7 p&ivat do+(mnt +ommit an7 o% t$ a+ts o%

%alsi%i+ation n(m&atd in t$ nDt p&+din6 a&ti+l.

Ptition& Glo&ia A6(i&& +$a&6s &spondnts 'it$ %alsi%i+ati

o% a p&ivat do+(mnt %o& +onspi&in6 'it$ on anot$& in <pi

La&&7 Kin t$ da&< a:o(t t$ %o&6oin6 0vas+tom71 as t$ sam '

+on+ald %&om $im :7 t$ &spondnts D D D,*5>*5? as 'll as

%alsl7 +on+l(din6 and dia6nosin6 Lo(&ds A6(i&& to : s(%%&i

%&om Bipola& Mood !iso&d&.

A s+&(tin7, $o'v&, o% A&ti+l 3 o% t$ Rvisd Pnal Co

'$i+$ d%ins t$ a+ts +onstit(tiv o% %alsi%i+ation, t$at is

A&t. 3. D D D s$all %alsi%7 a do+(mnt :7+ommittin6 an7 o% t$ %ollo'in6 a+ts=

. Co(nt&%itin6 o& imitatin6 an7

$and'&itin6, si6nat(&, o& &(:&i+

. Ca(sin6 it to appa& t$at p&sons $av

pa&ti+ipatd in an7 a+t o& p&o+din6 '$n t$7 did notin %a+t so pa&ti+ipat

*5



5. Att&i:(tin6 to p&sons '$o $av pa&ti+ipatd in an a+t o& p&o+din6 statmnts ot$&

t$an t$os in %a+t mad :7 t$m

). Ma<in6 (nt&(t$%(l statmnts in a

na&&ation o% %a+ts

*. Alt&in6 t&( dats

-. Ma<in6 an7 alt&ation o& int&+alation in

a 6n(in do+(mnt '$i+$ +$an6s its manin6

3. Iss(in6 in an a(t$nti+atd %o&m a

do+(mnt p(&po&tin6 to : a +op7 o% an o&i6inal

do+(mnt '$n no s(+$ o&i6inal Dists, o& in+l(din6 in

s(+$ +op7 a statmnt +ont&a&7 to, o& di%%&nt %&om,t$at o% t$ 6n(in o&i6inal o&

8. Int&+alatin6 an7 inst&(mnt o& not

&lativ to t$ iss(an+ t$&o% in a p&oto+ol, &6ist&7, o&o%%i+ial :oo<.

vis--vis t$ m(+$ +&iti+i9d Ps7+$iat&i+ Rpo&t, s$o's t$at t$ a+ts

+omplaind o% do not in an7 mann&, :7 '$atv& st&t+$ o% t$

ima6ination, %all (nd& an7 o% t$ i6$t 081 n(m&atd a+ts

+onstit(tin6 t$ o%%ns o% %alsi%i+ation.

In o&d& to p&op&l7 add&ss t$ iss( p&sntd :7 ptition&

Glo&ia A6(i&&, it is n+ssa&7 t$at ' dis+(ss t$ lmnts o% t$

+&im o% %alsi%i+ation o% p&ivat do+(mnt (nd& t$ Rvisd Pnal

Cod, a +&im '$i+$ all t$ &spondnts $av :n a++(sd o%

p&pt&atin6. T$ lmnts o% said +&im (nd& pa&a6&ap$ o% A&ti

3 o% o(& pnal +od a& as %ollo's= 1 t$at t$ o%%nd& +ommitt

an7 a+ts o% %alsi%i+ation, D+pt t$os in pa&. 3, n(m&atd in A&ti

3 1 t$at t$ %alsi%i+ation 'as +ommittd in an7 p&ivat do+(m

and 51 t$at t$ %alsi%i+ation +a(sd dama6 to a t$i&d pa&t7 o& at l

t$ %alsi%i+ation 'as +ommittd 'it$ intnt to +a(s s(+$ dama

Und& A&ti+l 3, pa&a6&ap$ , a p&son ma7 +ommit %alsi%i+ation o

p&ivat do+(mnt :7 +a(sin6 it to appa& in a do+(mnt t$at a p&s

o& p&sons pa&ti+ipatd in an a+t o& p&o+din6, '$n s(+$ p&son

p&sons did not in %a+t so pa&ti+ipat in t$ a+t o& p&o+din6. On t

ot$& $and, %alsi%i+ation (nd& pa&. 5 o% t$ sam a&ti+l is p&pt&at

:7 a p&son o& p&sons '$o, pa&ti+ipatin6 in an a+t o& p&o+di

mad statmnts in t$at a+t o& p&o+din6 and t$ o%%nd&, in ma<i

a do+(mnt, att&i:(td to s(+$ p&son o& p&sons statmnts ot$& t$

t$os in %a+t mad :7 s(+$ p&son o& p&sons. And t$ +&im d%in

(nd& pa&a6&ap$ ) t$&o% is +ommittd '$n 1 t$ o%%nd& ma<s

a do+(mnt statmnts in a na&&ation o% %a+ts 1 $ $as a l

o:li6ation to dis+los t$ t&(t$ o% t$ %a+ts na&&atd :7 $im 51 t$ %a

na&&atd :7 t$ o%%nd& a& a:sol(tl7 %als and )1 t$ p&v&sion

t&(t$ in t$ na&&ation o% %a+ts 'as mad 'it$ t$ '&on6%(l intnt

in;(&in6 a t$i&d p&son.

Appl7in6 t$ a:ov2statd lmnts o% t$ +&im to t$ +as

:a&, in o&d& t$at &spondnt !&. Pas+(al, and t$ &st a+tin6

+onspi&a+7 'it$ $&, to $av +ommittd t$ +&im o% %alsi%i+ation (nd



pa&. 5 and ) o% A&ti+l 3 o% t$ Rvisd Pnal Cod, it is ssntial

t$at t$at t$& : prima facie vidn+ to s$o' t$at s$ $ad +a(sd it

to appa& t$at La&&7 6av $is +onsnt to : vas+tomi9d o& at t$ v&7

last, t$at t$ p&oposd mdi+al p&o+d(& 'as Dplaind to La&&7.

B(t in t$ assaild &po&t, no s(+$ t$in6 'as don. Lst it : %o&6ottn,

t$ &ason %o& $avin6 La&&7 ps7+$iat&i+all7 val(atd 'as p&+isl7 to

as+&tain '$t$& o& not $ +an validl7 +onsnt 'it$ imp(nit7 to t$

p&oposd vas+tom7, and not to o:tain $is +onsnt to it o& to o:li6

&spondnt !&. Pas+(al to Dplain to $im '$at t$ impo&t o% t$

mdi+al p&o+d(& 'as. F(&t$&, t$at La&&7s +onsnt to :

vas+tomi9d 'as not o:taind :7 t$ ps7+$iat&ist 'as o% no momnt,

:+a(s no'$& is it statd in said &po&t t$at s(+$ assnt 'as

o:taind. At an7 &at, ptition& Glo&ia A6(i&& +ont&adi+ts $& v&7

o'n all6ations '$n s$ p&sists in t$ +ontntion t$at La&&7 $as t$

mntal a6 o% a +$ild $n+, $ 'as l6all7 in+apa:l o% validl7

+onsntin6 to t$ p&o+d(&.

In t$ matt& o% t$ s(pposd in+o&&+t dia6nosis o% Lo(&ds

A6(i&&, 'it$ &6a&d to pa&a6&ap$ o% A&ti+l 3 o% t$ Rvisd

Pnal Cod, ' (ot 'it$ app&oval t$ s(++in+t statmnts o% t$

Assistant Cit7 P&os+(to&=

>T?$ %a+t t$at !&a. Pas+(al +itd %indin6, '$i+$ is not

o% $& o'n p&sonal <no'ld6 in $& &po&t dos not

man t$at s$ +ommittd %alsi%i+ation in t$ p&o+ss.H& so(&+s ma7 : '&on6 and ma7 a%%+t t$ v&a+it7

o% $& &po&t, :(t %o& as lon6 as s$ $as not all6d

t$&in t$at s$ p&sonall7 dia6nosd Lo(&ds A6(i&&,'$i+$ all6ation 'o(ld not t$n : t&(, s$ +annot :

+$a&6d o% %alsi%i+ation. T$&%o&, it 6os 'it$o(tsa7in6 t$at i% t$ a(t$o& o% t$ &po&t is not 6(ilt7, t$n

'it$ mo& &ason t$ ot$& &spondnts a& not lia:l. *)

>*)?

As to t$ +$a&6 o% m(tilation, A&t. - o% t$ Rvisd Pn

Cod d%ins t$ +&im as

A&t. -. &utilation. T$ pnalt7 o% reclusion

temporal to reclusion perpetua s$all : imposd (ponan7 p&son '$o s$all intntionall7 m(tilat anot$& :7

dp&ivin6 $im, it$& totall7 o& pa&tiall7, o% somssntial o&6an %o& &p&od(+tion.

An7 ot$& intntional m(tilation s$all :

p(nis$d :7 prision mayor in its mdi(m and maDim(m p&iods.

A st&ai6$t%o&'a&d s+&(tin7 o% t$ a:ov p&ovision s$o's t$

t$ lmnts**>**? o% m(tilation (nd& t$ %i&st pa&a6&ap$ o% A&t.

o% t$ Rvisd Pnal Cod to : 1 t$at t$& : a castration, t$at

m(tilation o% o&6ans n+ssa&7 %o& 6n&ation and 1 t$at t

*)**



m(tilation is +a(sd p(&posl7 and dli:&atl7, t$at is, to dp&iv t$

o%%ndd pa&t7 o% som ssntial o&6an %o& &p&od(+tion. A++o&din6 to

t$ p(:li+ p&os+(to&, t$ %a+ts all6d did not amo(nt to t$ +&im o%

m(tilation as d%ind and pnali9d a:ov, i.e., K>t?$ vas+tom7

op&ation did not in an7 'a7 dp&ivd 0si+1 La&&7 o% $is &p&od(+tiv

o&6an, '$i+$ is still v&7 m(+$ pa&t o% $is p$7si+al sl%. Ptition&

Glo&ia A6(i&&, $o'v&, 'o(ld 'ant t$is Co(&t to ma< a &(lin6 t$at

:ilat&al vas+tom7 +onstit(ts t$ +&im o% m(tilation.

T$is ' +annot do, %o& s(+$ an int&p&tation 'o(ld : +ont&a&7

to t$ intntions o% t$ %&am&s o% o(& pnal +od.

A %ittin6 &ipost to t$ iss( at $and lis in /nited #tates v.

+sparcia,01 2013 in '$i+$ t$is Co(&t $ad t$ o++asion to s$d li6$t on

t$ impli+ation o% t$ t&m m(tilation. T$&in ' said t$at=

T$ sol point '$i+$ it is dsi&a:l to dis+(ss is

'$t$& o& not t$ +&im +ommittd is t$at d%ind and pnali9d :7 a&ti+l )) o% t$ Pnal Cod. T$ En6lis$

t&anslation o% t$is a&ti+l &ads= An7 p&son '$o s$allintntionall7 +ast&at anot$& s$all s(%%& a pnalt7

&an6in6 %&om &+l(sion tmpo&al to &+l(sion p&pt(a.

T$ Spanis$ tDt, '$i+$ s$o(ld 6ov&n, (ss t$ 'o&d

*-

+ast&a&, inad(atl7 t&anslatd into En6lis$ as+ast&at. T$ 'o&d +apa&, '$i+$ is s7non7mo(s o%

+ast&a&, is d%ind in t$ Ro7al A+admi+ !i+tiona&7

as t$ dst&(+tion o% t$ o&6ans o% 6n&ation o&+on+ption. Cla&l7 it is t$ intntion o% t$ la' to

p(nis$ an7 p&son '$o s$all intntionall7 dp&ivdanot$& o% an7 o&6an n+ssa&7 %o& &p&od(+tion. An

appli+a:l +onst&(+tion is t$at o% "iada in t$ %ollo'in6lan6(a6=

At t$ $ad o% t$s +&ims, a++o&din6 to t$i&

o&d& o% 6&avit7, is t$ m(tilation <no'n :7 t$ nam o%

+ast&ation '$i+$ +onsists o% t$ amp(tation o%'$atv& o&6an is n+ssa&7 %o& 6n&ation. T$ la'+o(ld not %ail to p(nis$ 'it$ t$ (tmost sv&it7 s(+$ a

+&im, '$i+$, alt$o(6$ not dst&o7in6 li%, dp&ivs a

p&son o% t$ mans to t&ansmit it. B(t :a& in mind t$ata++o&din6 to t$is a&ti+l in o&d& %o& +ast&ation to Dist,

it is indispnsa:l t$at t$ +ast&ation : mad p(&posl7. T$ la' dos not loo< onl7 to t$ &s(lt :(t

also to t$ intntion o% t$ a+t. Cons(ntl7, i% :7&ason o% an in;(&7 o& atta+<, a p&son is dp&ivd o% t$

o&6ans o% 6n&ation, t$ a+t, alt$o(6$ vol(nta&7, not

:in6 intntional to t$at nd, it 'o(ld not +om (nd&t$ p&ovisions o% t$is a&ti+l, :(t (nd& No. o% a&ti+l

)5. 0"iada, Codi6o Pnal, vol. 5, p. 3/. S to sam

%%+t, ) G&oi9a&d, Codi6o Pnal, p. **.1

T$(s, t$ (stion is, dos vas+tom7 dp&iv a man, totall7

pa&tiall7, o% som ssntial o&6an o% &p&od(+tionV ans'& in t

n6ativ.



In t$ mal st&ili9ation p&o+d(& o% vas+tom7, t$ t(:(la&

passa6, +alld t$ vas d%&ns, t$&o(6$ '$i+$ t$ sp&m 0+lls1 a&

t&anspo&td %&om t$ tsti+l to t$ (&t$&a '$& t$7 +om:in 'it$

t$ sminal %l(id to %o&m t$ ;a+(lant, is dividd and t$ +(t nds

m&l7 tid.*3>*3? T$at pa&t, '$i+$ is +(t, t$at is, t$ vas d%&ns, is

m&l7 a passa6'a7 t$at is pa&t o% t$ d(+t s7stm o% t$ mal

&p&od(+tiv o&6ans. T$ vas d%&ns is not an o&6an, i.e., a $i6$l7

o&6ani9d (nit o% st&(+t(&, $avin6 a d%ind %(n+tion in a m(lti+ll(la&

o&6anism and +onsistin6 o% a &an6 o% tiss(s.*8>*8? B t$at as it ma7,

vn ass(min6 arguendo t$at t$ t(:(la& passa6 +an : +onsid&d an

o&6an, t$ +(ttin6 o% t$ vas d%&ns dos not divst o& dn7 a man o%

an7 ssntial o&6an o% &p&od(+tion %o& t$ simpl &ason t$at it dos

not ntail t$ ta<in6 a'a7 o% a pa&t o& po&tion o% t$ mal &p&od(+tiv

s7stm. T$ +(t nds, a%t& t$7 $av :n tid, a& t$n d&oppd :a+<

into t$ in+ision.*4>*4?

T$o(6$ (ndnia:l7, vas+tom7 dnis a man $is po'& o%

&p&od(+tion, s(+$ p&o+d(& dos not dp&iv $im, Kit$& totall7 o&

pa&tiall7, o% som ssntial o&6an %o& &p&od(+tion. Nota:l7, t$

o&dina&7 (sa6 o% t$ t&m Kmutilation is t$ dp&ivation o% a lim: o&

ssntial pa&t 0o% t$ :od71,-/>-/? 'it$ t$ op&ativ Dp&ssion :in6

Kdeprivation. In t$ sam mann&, t$ 'o&d Kcastration is d%ind

*3

*8

*4-/

as t$ &moval o% t$ tstis o& ova&is. ->-? S(+$ :in6 t$ +as

t$is p&snt ptition, t$ :ilat&al vas+tom7 don on La&&7 +o(ld n

$av amo(ntd to t$ +&im o% m(tilation as d%ind and p(nis$

(nd& A&ti+l -, pa&a6&ap$ , o% t$ Rvisd Pnal Cod. And

+&iminal +(lpa:ilit7 +o(ld : %oistd on to &spondnt !&. A6atp, t

(&olo6ist '$o p&%o&md t$ p&o+d(&, m(+$ lss t$ ot$

&spondnts. T$(s, ' %ind s(%%i+int vidn+ to Dplain '$7 t

Assistant Cit7 P&os+(to& and t$ !O# &(ld t$ 'a7 t$7 did. "&i

a6& 'it$ t$ Co(&t o% Appals t$at t$ '&it o% certiorari

(navailin6 $n+, s$o(ld not : iss(d.

It is on+ mo& apropos to pointdl7 appl7 t$ Co(&ts 6n

poli+7 o% non2int&%&n+ in t$ +ond(+t o% p&limina&7 invsti6atio

As it $as :n o%t said, t$ S(p&m Co(&t +annot o&d& t

p&os+(tion o% a p&son a6ainst '$om t$ p&os+(to& dos not %i

s(%%i+int vidn+ to s(ppo&t at last a prima facie +as.->-? T

+o(&ts t&7 and a:solv o& +onvi+t t$ a++(sd :(t, as a &(l, $av

pa&t in t$ initial d+ision to p&os+(t $im.-5>-5? T$ possi

D+ption to t$is &(l is '$& t$& is an (nmista<a:l s$o'in6 o

6&av a:(s o% dis+&tion amo(ntin6 to la+< o& D+ss o% ;(&isdi+ti

t$at 'ill ;(sti%7 ;(di+ial int&(sion into t$ p&+in+ts o% t$ D+(tiv

B(t t$at is not t$ +as $&in.

-

--5



HEREFORE, p&miss +onsid&d, t$ instant ptition is

!ENIE! %o& la+< o% m&it. T$ assaild #(l7 //* ecision and *

!+m:& //* Resolution, :ot$ o% t$ Co(&t o% Appals in CA2G.R.

SP No. 8853/ a& $&:7 AFFIRME!. Costs a6ainst ptition& Glo&ia

A6(i&&.

SO OR!ERE!.

CONSOLACION A. LUMANCAS and OLAN!O O. URIARTE,

petitioners, vs. "IRGINIA B. INTAS, respondent.

! E C I S I O N

BELLOSILLO, J .=

CONSOLACION A. LUMANCAS and OLAN!O O. URIARTEs< in t$is ptition %o& &vi' t$ &v&sal o% t$ Amndd Rsol(tion

o% t$ O%%i+ o% t$ Om:(dsman datd - A(6(st 44- %indin6 t$madminist&ativl7 lia:l %o& %alsi%i+ation, dis$onst7 and 6&av

mis+ond(+t, and +ons(ntl7 o&d&in6 t$i& dismissal %&om t$s&vi+, as 'll as its O&d& datd F:&(a&7 448 dn7in6 t$i&

Motions %o& R+onsid&ation.

Ptition&s '& &6(la& mplo7s o% t$ P$ilippin Postal

Co&po&ation in Tanda6, S(&i6ao dl S(&. T$7 '& +$a&6d :7 t$i&+o2mplo7 "i&6inia B. Intas, &spondnt $&in, %o& ma<in6 %als

nt&is in t$i& &sp+tiv P&sonal !ata S$ts 0P!S, >CSC Fo&m

?1 &6a&din6 t$i& d(+ational attainmnt, &s(ltin6 in t$i& p&omotion to $i6$& positions to t$ p&;(di+ o% ot$& postal

mplo7s '$o $ad :n in t$ s&vi+ %o& a lon6& p&iod.

As %o(nd :7 t$ O%%i+ o% t$ Om:(dsman, i>? Consola+ion A.

L(man+as o&i6inal appointmnt as mail so&t& 'it$ t$ B(&a( o%Posts s$o'd t$at $& $i6$st d(+ational attainmnt 'as Fo(&t$

P$a&ma+7.ii>? H& o%%i+ial T&ans+&ipt o% R+o&ds %&om t$

Int&national Ha&va&dian Univ&sit7 0IHU1, !avao Cit7, s$o'd t$ats$ too< (p Ba+$lo& o% S+in+ in Comm&+ 0BSC1, Ma;o& in

Mana6mnt, %&om 43) to 438 '$n s$ 6&ad(atd and 'as iss(d

Sp+ial O&d& No. *23- datd - Novm:& 438. L(man+as ans'$o'v& in $& t$& 051 P!S a++omplis$d in 484, 44 and 445

'& in+onsistnt. In $& P!S a++omplis$d in 484iii>5? L(man+asstatd t$at s$ %inis$d Ba+$lo& o% S+in+ in P$a&ma+7 iv>)? %&om

43/ to 43* at t$ Cnt&o Es+ola& Univ&sit7. In $& P!Sa++omplis$d in 44v>*? s$ statd t$at s$ o:taind $& BS

P$a&ma+7 at t$ Cnt&o Es+ola& Univ&sit7 in 43) and $ad $& post6&ad(at st(dis at t$ IHU in 438.vi>-? In $& P!S a++omplis$d i

445vii>3? L(man+as statd t$at s$ 6&ad(atd 'it$ t$ d6& o%

Ba+$lo& o% S+in+ in Comm&+, Ma;o& in Mana6mnt, at t$ IHU%&om 43/243) in+l(siv.viii>8? In %illin6 (p $& P!S %o& 484

$o'v& s$ statd t$at s$ st(did at t$ Cnt&o Es+ola& Univ&sit7%&om 43/ to 43*. $n &(std to s(:mit t$ a+admi+ &+o&ds

$&in ptition& Consola+ion A. L(man+as, t$ IHU s(:mittd sv

&+o&ds :(t t$ o&i6inal o% $& Sp+ial O&d& 'as not amon6 t$m.A++o&din6 to Sv&ina O. "illa&in, C$i%, Hi6$& Ed(+ation !ivision

R6ion QI, L(man+as nam +o(ld not : %o(nd in t$ IHU n&ollmlist %ild 'it$ $& o%%i+ 0Hi6$& Ed(+ation !ivision1, R6ion QI, %&o

s+$ool 7a&s 43)23* to 438234, manin6, t$at s$ $ad not n&olld'it$ t$ s+$ool d(&in6 t$os t&ms.

$n di&+td to ans'&, L(man+as dnid t$ all6ations. S$av&&d t$at '$il it 'as t&( t$at in $& 5 F:&(a&7 484 appointmn

s$ indi+atd t$at $& $i6$st d(+ational attainmnt 'as Fo(&t$ aP$a&ma+7, dspit $& all6dl7 $avin6 %inis$d Ba+$lo& o% S+in+

in Comm&+ in 438 at t$ IHU, t$is 'as :+a(s at t$at tim s$ $

not 7t &+ivd $& T&ans+&ipt o% R+o&ds and Sp+ial O&d& %&om t$IHU, so t$at s$ 'as not s(& '$t$& s$ $ad passd all $& s(:;+t



Sin+ $& position did not &(i& $& to : a 6&ad(at o% Ba+$lo& o%S+in+ in Comm&+, s$ did not :ot$& to +$+< '$t$& s$

6&ad(atd %&om t$ +o(&s.

L(man+as also +laimd t$at $& Sp+ial O&d& 'as a(t$nti+

+onsid&in6 t$at vn t$ +op7 atta+$d to t$ +omplaint iD>4? 'ass(pposdl7 +$+<d and v&i%id a6ainst t$ o&i6inal and 'as in %a+t

+&ti%id :7 Sv&ina O. "illa&in, C$i%, Hi6$& Ed(+ation !ivision,

R6ion QI, Commission on Hi6$& Ed(+ation 0CHE!1. L(man+asadmittd t$at t$& '& mista<s in t$ nt&is mad in $& 484 and

445 P!S :(t dnid ma<in6 an7 mista< in 44. S$ av&&d t$at

t$& 'as no mali+ no& intnt on $& pa&t to %alsi%7 t$ nt&is in $&P!S and t$at s$ 'as ;(st in a $(&&7 to %ill t$s (p.D>/?

As &6a&ds ptition& olando O. U&ia&t, t$ O%%i+ o% t$

Om:(dsman %o(nd t$at $ and a +&tain Ma&io L. #(lvDi>? alsoa+(i&d %alsi%id T&ans+&ipts o% R+o&ds and Sp+ial O&d&s %&om t$

IHU as t$ B(&a( o% Hi6$& Ed(+ation o% !ECS in Manila t$&o(6$

!i&+to& III !iosdada C. Bois& dnid t$at $& O%%i+ iss(d Sp+ialO&d&s to t$m.Dii>? Ptition&s L(man+as and U&ia&t, to6t$& 'it$

Ma&io L. #(lv, $ad sin+ :n p&omotd on 01 &an< $i6$& on t$ :ass o% t$ (stiond do+(mnts p&sntd as pa&t o% t$i&

+&dntials.Diii>5?

On $& pa&t, olando O. U&ia&t ass&td t$at $ %inis$d $is Ba+$lo&

o% S+in+ in Comm&+, Ma;o& in Mana6mnt, at t$ IHU in4-8Div>)? and t$at $is T&ans+&ipt o% R+o&ds and Sp+ial O&d& '&

iss(d on t$ :asis o% $is +ompltion o% t$ a+admi+ &(i&mnts %o&

t$ +o(&s. H also +laimd t$at $is T&ans+&ipt o% R+o&ds and Sp+ialO&d& No. 0B1 *2//5* '& a(t$nti+ as t$s '& +$+<d and

v&i%id :7 t$ sam Sv&ina O. "illa&in o% CHE!. H also insistdt$at $is p&omotion 'as :asd on $is (ali%i+ations +onsid&in6 t$at $

'as 'it$ t$ postal s&vi+ sin+ 43* 'it$o(t an7 d&o6ato&7 &+o&dand 'as vn +itd sv&al tims %o& $is o(tstandin6 p&%o&man+. Dv

>*?

On 5 #(l7 44*, in &pl7 to a (&7 %&om t$ O%%i+ o% t$

Om:(dsman datd #(l7 44*, Sv&ina O. "illa&in in%o&md t$

O%%i+Dvi>-? t$at s$ $ad +ond(+td an invsti6ation and dis+ov&d

t$at t$ +l&< '$o p&pa&d U&ia&ts +&ti%i+ations &lid onl7 on p$oto+opis o% t$ Sp+ial O&d&s p(&po&tdl7 iss(d to t$ IHU :7 t

B(&a( o% Hi6$& Ed(+ation, Manila, in %avo& o% U&ia&t. Ho'v&,

t$ B(&a( dnid $avin6 iss(d t$ Sp+ial O&d&s, t$(s s$ $&sl%$ad o&d&d t$ +an+llation o% t$ +&ti%i+ations %o& :in6 sp(&io(s.D

>3?

As &6a&ds t$ +as o% L(man+as, t$ IHU 'as &(std to s(:mit $

a+admi+ &+o&ds +ons(ntl7, sv&al &+o&ds '& s(:mittd :(tt$ o&i6inal o% t$ Sp+ial O&d& 'as not amon6 t$m. "illa&in %(&t$

d+la&d t$at L(man+as nam +o(ld not : %o(nd in t$ IHU

n&ollmnt list %ild 'it$ t$i& o%%i+ %&om s+$ool 7a&s 43)23* to438234, manin6, t$at s$ $ad not n&olld d(&in6 t$os t&ms.Dviii>

Ptition&s L(man+as and U&ia&t movd %o& a %o&mal $a&in6 :(t t$

O%%i+ o% t$ Om:(dsman dnid t$i& motion on t$ 6&o(nd t$at it'as appa&ntl7 intndd m&l7 to dla7 t$ p&o+din6s. DiD>4? It

notd t$at t$ motion p&a7in6 %o& a %o&mal $a&in6 'as %ild onl7 on

#(l7 44-, o& mo& t$an nin 041 mont$s a%t& t$ pa&tis %aild toappa& %o& t$ p&limina&7 +on%&n+ on 8 Sptm:& 44*,DD>/?

and a%t& t$7 %aild to s(:mit t$i& mmo&and(m dspit ano&d& DDi>? datd - O+to:& 44* %&om t$ O%%i+ o% t$ Om:(dsman

6&antin6 t$i& motion %o& Dtnsion o% tim to s(:mit t$i&mmo&and(m.DDii>?

A%t& val(atin6 t$ vidn+, t$ O%%i+ o% t$ Om:(dsman iss(d tAmndd Rsol(tion o% - A(6(st 44-,DDiii>5? &lasd 3 #an(a&7

443, %indin6 L(man+as and U&ia&t 6(ilt7 as +$a&6d and dismissd

t$m %&om t$ s&vi+ 'it$o(t p&;(di+ to t$i& &i6$t to appal as p&ovidd (nd& S+. 3, RA -33/.DDiv>)?

On - F:&(a&7 443 and 3 F:&(a&7 443 &spondnts L(man+as and

U&ia&t, no' $&in ptition&s, %ild t$i& &sp+tiv motions %o&

&+onsid&ation insistin6 on a %o&mal $a&in6, '$i+$ t$ O%%i+ o% t$Om:(dsman %inall7 6&antd. T$&a%t&, $a&in6s '& $ld on )2

Ap&il 443DDv>*? a%t& '$i+$ t$ O%%i+ o% t$ Om:(dsman+on+l(sivl7 $ld t$at dspit t$ :(&nin6 o% t$ &+o&ds o% t$ !ECS

R6ional O%%i+ QI in 44, ot$& &+o&ds at t$ !ECS2CHE! did n

s$o' t$at L(man+as and U&ia&t $ad :n n&olld at t$ IHU d(&in6



t$ 7a&s t$7 all6dl7 too< t$i& &sp+tiv +o(&ss as statd in t$i&&sp+tiv P!S.DDvi>-?

On F:&(a&7 448 L(man+as and U&ia&ts Motions %o&R+onsid&ation '& dnid :7 t$ O%%i+ o% t$ Om:(dsman $n+,

t$is ptition %o& &vi'.

S+tion 3 o% RA -33/DDvii>3? p&ovids in pa&t t$at 0%1indin6s o% %a+t

:7 t$ O%%i+ o% t$ Om:(dsman '$n s(ppo&td :7 s(:stantialvidn+ a& +on+l(siv. A++o&din6 to t$ O%%i+ o% t$ Om:(dsman2

Mindanao, t$ vidn+ s(stains t$ +on+l(sion t$at L(man+as and

U&ia&t a& not +oll6 6&ad(ats, and t$at t$i& +ontntion t$at t$Sp+ial O&d&s iss(d in t$i& %avo& a& a(t$nti+, :an<in6 on t$

+&ti%i+ation iss(d :7 Sv&ina O. "illa&in, C$i%, BHE, R6ionalO%%i+ QI, is 'it$o(t m&it. In %a+t, (pon v&i%i+ation :7 t$ sam

o%%i+ %&om t$ B(&a( o% Hi6$& Ed(+ation, Manila, t$ sam BHER6ional O%%i+ QI, t$&o(6$ "illa&in $&sl%, +an+lld t$ +&ti%i+ation

it p&vio(sl7 iss(d and noti%id t$is O%%i+ t$at t$ Sp+ial O&d&s

iss(d in %avo& o% U&ia&t and #(lv '& sp(&io(s.DDviii>8?

An Damination o% t$ &+o&ds o% t$ !ECS, as v&i%id :7 CHE!o%%i+&s d(&in6 t$ $a&in6s, pa&ti+(la&l7 Fo&m 4,DDiD>4? %aild to

dis+los t$at ptition&s nams '& amon6 t$ list o% st(dnts

n&olld in t$ IHU d(&in6 t$i& all6d p&iod o% st(d7. In t$ +as o%U&ia&t, alt$o(6$ $is T&ans+&ipt o% R+o&ds &%l+ts t$at $ 'as

n&olld in t$ s+ond smst& o% 4-)2-* and t$ s(mm& t$&a%t&,and &+ivd 6&ads %o& s(:;+ts ta<n d(&in6 t$os t&ms, $is nam

'as not in+l(dd in t$ list o% st(dnts s(:mittd :7 t$ IHU to !ECS.

T$ sam is t&( 'it$ L(man+as, '$os nam +o(ld not : %o(ndamon6 t$ !ECS &+o&ds %o& t$ %i&st and s+ond smst&s o%

s+$ool7a&s 43-238 alt$o(6$ $& T&ans+&ipt o% R+o&ds s$o's t$ats$ 'as n&olld %o& t$at p&iod and in %a+t &+ivd 6&ads %o& s(:;+ts

ta<n d(&in6 t$os smst&s.

La(&a G&onilla, Assistant R6ist&a& o% t$ IHU, +laimd t$at t$

omissions '& (navoida:l in t$ p&pa&ation o% Fo&m 4 :7 $and.B(t t$is tstimon7 alon +annot ov&t(&n t$ %a+t t$at t$& Dists no

&+o&ds at t$ !ECS o% L(man+as o& U&ia&ts n&ollmnt at t$ IHU.

St&an6l7, t$ omission did not $appn ;(st on+, :(t &patd man7

tims ov& involvin6 sv&al smst&s and to st(dnts n&olld indi%%&nt s+$ool 7a&s. Hn+, t$& +an onl7 : on +on+l(sion 2 t$a

ptition&s '& nv& &po&td to !ECS as st(dnts o% t$ IHU

:+a(s indd t$7 '& nv& n&olld t$&at.

In $& +&ti%i+ation datd ) Sptm:& 44)DDD>5/? La(&a G&onillastatd t$at a++o&din6 to availa:l a+admi+ &+o&ds, olando O.

U&ia&t 'as indd a 6&ad(at o% t$ IHU t$ s+$ool 7a& 4-32-8 '

t$ d6& o% Ba+$lo& o% S+in+ in Comm&+ 0BSC1, Ma;o& inMana6mnt, and t$at $is Fo&m 4 $ad al&ad7 :n &s(:mittd t

!ECSRO QI %o& t$ iss(an+ o% a +o&&+tiv Sp+ial O&d& d( to t$

a++idntal omissionD+l(sion o% $is nam in t$ !ECS mi+&o%ilm %idspit its vivid in+l(sion in t$ o&i6inal pap& +op7 s(:mittd.

Ptition&s $o'v& %aild to s(:mit a +op7 o% s(+$ o&i6inal pap& o&t$ !ECS mi+&o%ilm '$&in U&ia&ts nam 'as all6dl7 missin6,

no& p&sntd vidn+ t$at s(+$ &(st $ad :n %avo&a:l7 a+td(pon :7 t$ !ECS.

It ma7 also : notd t$at on / Novm:& 48DDDi>5? G&onillaiss(d anot$& +&ti%i+ation in %avo& o% U&ia&t +&ti%7in6 t$at $ $ad

+ompltd all t$ &(i&mnts %o& t$ d6& o% Ba+$lo& o% S+in+in Comm&+ 0BSC1, Ma;o& in Mana6mnt, as o% Ma&+$ 434. T$

is to +&ti%7 %(&t$& t$at $is appli+ation %o& 6&ad(ation $as :n%o&'a&dd to t$ !ECS R6ional O%%i+ %o& t$ iss(an+ o% $is Sp+

O&d&.DDDii>5? Ho'v&, U&ia&ts Sp+ial O&d& '$i+$ 'as all6d

iss(d :7 t$ !ECS is datd 8 #an(a&7 4-4. I% U&ia&t $ad a+t(all76&ad(atd in 4-8, '$at 'as t$ p(&pos o% t$is 48 +&ti%i+ationV

On t$ ot$& $and, i% U&ia&t a+t(all7 +ompltd all t$ &(i&mnts%o& 6&ad(ation onl7 in Ma&+$ 434, t$n '$7 'as $ iss(d a Sp+ia

O&d& '$i+$ antdatd t$ da7 '$n $ :+am (ali%id to : a

6&ad(at o% t$ s+$oolV

(it o:vio(sl7, nit$& L(man+as no& U&ia&t is a 6&ad(at o% a %o(0)127a& +o(&s and t$(s is not (ali%id to : p&omotd to a $i6$&

position. T$ (s o% %als do+(mnts attstin6 t$at t$7 a& +oll6

6&ad(ats '$n in t&(t$ and in %a+t t$7 a& not, ma<s t$madminist&ativl7 lia:l %o& dis$onst7 t$&o(6$ t$ (s o% %alsi%id

do+(mnts.



T$ lmnts o% (s o% %alsi%id do+(mnts, '$i+$ is a +&im (nd&A&t. 3 o% t$ Revised "enal *ode, a&= 0a1 T$at t$ o%%nd& <n'

t$at a do+(mnt 'as %alsi%id :7 anot$& p&son 0:1 T$at t$ %als

do+(mnt is m:&a+d in A&t. 3 o& in an7 o% s(:divisions o& o%A&t. 3 0+1 T$at $ (sd s(+$ do+(mnt 0not in ;(di+ial p&o+din6s1

and, 0d1 T$at t$ (s o% t$ %als do+(mnt +a(sd dama6 to anot$&o& at last it 'as (sd 'it$ intnt to +a(s s(+$ dama6. T$ %a+t t$at

t$7 (sd t$ %als +&ti%i+ations in s(ppo&t o% t$is p&omotion &s(ltdin p&;(di+ to ot$& appli+ants 6n(inl7 (ali%id %o& t$ position. In

t$is +onn+tion, ' &%& to t$ Co(&ts o:s&vation in ia( v.

"eopleDDDiii>55?

As +o&&+tl7 o:s&vd :7 t$ t&ial +o(&t, It is also (it si6ni%i+ant to

not in t$is s+o& t$at t$ a++(sd in $is d%ns %aild to p&snt an7+o&&o:o&atin6 pi+ o% vidn+ '$i+$ 'ill s$o' t$at $ 'as indd

n&olld in t$ P$ilippin Ha&va&dian Coll6s D D D D I% $ $adn&olld as a st(dnt d(&in6 t$is p&iod o% tim and $ 'as positiv

t$at t$ t&ans+&ipt o% &+o&ds iss(d to $im and in $is possssion is6n(in and valid, it +o(ld $av :n as7 %o& $im to int&od(+

+o&&o:o&atin6 vidn+, i.., t$ tstimon7 o% an7 o% $is +lassmats o&

ta+$&s in t$ di%%&nt s(:;+ts t$at $ too< to s(ppo&t $is +laim t$at$ st(did and passd t$s +oll6iat +o(&ss at t$ said s+$ool. B(t

t$is $ %aild to do dspit all t$ oppo&t(nitis opn to $im and in t$%a+ o% damnin6 vidn+ all s$o'in6 t$at $ $ad not &all7 n&olld in

t$is s+$ool D D D DDDDiv>5)?

Finall7, ptition&s a+t o% %alsi%7in6 t$i& P&sonal !ata S$ts 0P!S1

to &%l+t t$at t$7 a& 6&ad(ats o% BSC, Ma;o& in Mana6mnt, %&omt$ IHU '$n in t&(t$ and in %a+t t$7 a& not, is a 6&o(nd %o&

dis+iplina&7 a+tion. L(man+as mad di%%&nt and in+onsistnt nt&is

in $& 484, 44 and 445 P!S. Li<'is, U&ia&t mad +on%li+tin6nt&is in $is P!S o% F:&(a&7 483DDDv>5*? and Ma&+$ 44/.DDDvi>5-?

As &sponsi:l p(:li+ s&vants '$o a& d( %o& p&omotion, ptition&sa& Dp+td to : no:l Dmpla&s and s$o(ld : modls o% 6ood

mo&als. T$i& &patd a+ts o% dis$onst7 a& &p(6nant to t$sta:lis$d +od o% +ond(+t and t$i+al standa&ds &(i&d o% p(:li+

o%%i+ials and mplo7s.DDDvii>53?

As &6(la& mm:&s o% t$ +a&& s&vi+, t$7 a& :o(nd :7 t$ CivS&vi+ La' and R(ls. C$apt& 3, S+. )-, Boo< ", o% EO

4DDDviii>58? p&ovids D D D D :1 T$ %ollo'in6 s$all : 6&o(nds %o&

dis+iplina&7 a+tion= 01 !is$onst7 D D D D 01 Mis+ond(+t D D D D051 Falsi%i+ation o% o%%i+ial do+(mnt D D D D It s$o(ld :

mp$asi9d t$at t$is is an administ&ativ +as, not a +&iminal +ast$(s, ptition&s a&6(mnt t$at t$7 '& not +$a&6d 'it$ t$ p&op

o%%ns (nd& t$ Revised "enal *ode is (nimpo&tant. An7 o% t$a:ov +$a&6s ma7 : +itd as 6&o(nds to s(:;+t t$m to dis+iplina&

a+tion.

All t$ lmnts o% %alsi%i+ation t$&o(6$ t$ ma<in6 o% (nt&(t$%(lstatmnts in a na&&ation o% %a+ts a& p&snt= 0a1 T$at t$ o%%nd&

ma<s in a do+(mnt statmnts in a na&&ation o% %a+ts 0:1 T$at $ $a l6al o:li6ation to dis+los t$ t&(t$ o% t$ %a+ts na&&atd :7 $im 0+

T$at t$ %a+ts na&&atd :7 t$ o%%nd& a& a:sol(tl7 %als and, 0d1T$at t$ p&v&sion o% t&(t$ in t$ na&&ation o% %a+ts 'as mad 'it$ t

'&on6%(l intnt o% in;(&in6 a t$i&d p&son. In "eople v. "o !iok4oDDDiD>54? t$ Co(&t $ld t$at in t$ %alsi%i+ation o% p(:li+ o& o%%i+ia

do+(mnts, '$t$& :7 p(:li+ o%%i+ials o& :7 p&ivat p&sons, it is

(nn+ssa&7 t$at t$& : p&snt t$ ida o% 6ain o& t$ intnt to in;(a t$i&d p&son, %o& t$ &ason t$at, in +ont&adistin+tion to p&ivat

do+(mnts, t$ p&in+ipal t$in6 p(nis$d is t$ violation o% t$ p(:li+%ait$ and t$ dst&(+tion o% t$ t&(t$ as t$&in solmnl7 p&o+laimd.

Hn+, t$ last &(isit nd not : p&snt. Also, ptition&s

t$mslvs $av a%%i&md in t$i& ptition t$at t$i& P&sonal !ataS$ts '& not s'o&n to :%o& an7 administ&in6 o%%i+& Dl>)/?

t$&:7 ta<in6 t$i& +as a'a7 %&om t$ +on%ins o% p&;(&7. Nont$lss, t$7 a&6( t$at t$7 $av no l6al o:li6ation to dis+los

t$ t&(t$ in t$i& P!S sin+ t$s a& not o%%i+ial do+(mnts. disa6&. In 5nting v. 4anodbayanDli>)? t$ Co(&t $ld t$at t$

a++omplis$mnt o% t$ P&sonal !ata S$t :in6 a &(i&mnt (nd

t$ Civil S&vi+ R(ls and R6(lations in +onn+tion 'it$mplo7mnt in t$ 6ov&nmnt, t$ ma<in6 o% an (nt&(t$%(l statmn

t$&in 'as, t$&%o&, intimatl7 +onn+td 'it$ s(+$ mplo7mnt DD DDlii>)? T$ %ilin6 o% a P&sonal !ata S$t is &(i&d in

+onn+tion 'it$ t$ p&omotion to a $i6$& position and +ontnd&s %o

p&omotion $av t$ l6al o:li6ation to dis+los t$ t&(t$. Ot$&'is



n$an+in6 t$i& (ali%i+ations :7 mans o% %als statmnts 'ill p&;(di+ ot$& (ali%id aspi&ants to t$ sam position.

T$ Co(&t nots t$at it is not (n+ommon %o& mplo7s to dov&7t$in6 in t$i& po'& to :tt& t$i& lot in o&d& to s(&viv t$

nations 'o&snin6 +onomi+ +&isis. Ho'v&, lt t$is +as s&v as ast&n 'a&nin6 to all '$o ma7 : tmptd to do t$ sam t$at

dis$onst7 and dis&sp+t %o& t$ la', $o'v& motivatd, 'ill nv&

: +o(ntnan+d :7 t$is Co(&t.

HEREFORE, t$ ptition is dismissd %o& la+< o% m&it and t$

Amndd Rsol(tion o% t$ O%%i+ o% t$ Om:(dsman datd -A(6(st 44- dismissin6 ptition&s Consolation A. L(man+as and

olando O. U&ia&t %&om t$ s&vi+, as 'll as its O&d& datd F:&(a&7 448 dn7in6 &+onsid&ation, is AFFIRME!. Costs a6ainst

ptition&s.

SO OR!ERE!.

ERIBERTO S. MASANG@A, G.R. No. -)))5

"etitioner ,

P&snt=

2 v&s(s 2

CORONA, *.J.,

*%airperson,

"ELASCO, #R.,

LEONAR!O2!E

CASTRO,

!EL CASTILLO, and

PERE, JJ.

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, P&om(l6atd=

Respondent. #(n 8, //

D 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 D

! E C I S I O N

!EL CASTILLO, J.:

Ev&7 +&iminal +onvi+tion m(st d&a' its st&n6t$ %&om t$

p&os+(tions vidn+. T$ vidn+ m(st : s(+$ t$at t$+onstit(tional p&s(mption o% inno+n+ is ov&t$&o'n and 6(ilt issta:lis$d :7ond &asona:l do(:t. T$ p&os+(to&ial :(&dn is no

mt '$n t$ +i&+(mstan+s +an 7ild to di%%&nt in%&n+s. S(+$(ivo+ation :t&a7s a la+< o% mo&al +&taint7 to s(ppo&t a ;(d6mnt

+onvi+tion.



T$is Ptition %o& Rvi'-)>? assails t$ Ma&+$ -, //)!+ision-*>? and t$ #(l7 4, //) Rsol(tion-->5? o% t$ Co(&t o%

Appals 0CA1 in CA2G.R. CR No. *33*. T$ dispositiv po&tion o%

t$ assaild !+ision &ads=

HEREFORE, t$ ptition is !ENIE!, and t$ appald!+ision is AFFIRME! 'it$ t$ MO!IFICATION t$at E&i:&to

Masan6<a7 is instad mtd t$ pnalt7 o% imp&isonmnt %o& a t&m o%

SiD 0-1 mont$s and On 01 da7 o% prision correccional minim(m.

SO OR!ERE!.-3>)?

Factual $ntecedents

Ptition& E&i:&to Masan6<a7 0E&i:&to1, $is +ommon2la' 'i%

Ma6dalna Ri+a&os 0Ma6dalna1, Csa& Masan6<a7 0Csa&1 and $is'i% Eli9a:t$ Masan6<a7 0Eli9a:t$1, and E&i+ !(llano '& t$

in+o&po&ato&s and di&+to&s o% M6atl Fa+to&s, In+. 0MFI1 '$i+$ 'asin+o&po&atd in #(n 44/.-8>*?

On !+m:& 4, 445 E&i:&to %ild 'it$ t$ S+(&itis and

ED+$an6 Commission 0SEC1 a Ptition %o& t$ Invol(nta&7!issol(tion-4>-? o% MFI %o& violation o% S+tion - o% P&sidntial

!+& 0P!1 No. 4/2A. T$ namd &spondnts '& MFI, Csa& and

-)

-*--

-3

-8-4

Eli9a:t$.3/>3? T$ said ptition 'as mad (nd& oat$ :%o& a nota& p(:li+, and all6d amon6 ot$&s=

5. At o& a&o(nd Sptm:& , 445, &spondnt Eli9a:t$ A.

Masan6<a7 p&pa&d o& +a(sd to : p&pa&d a S+&ta&7s C&ti%i+a'$i+$ stats=

T$at at a sp+ial mtin6 o% t$ Boa&d o% !i&+to&s o% t$ said+o&po&ation $ld at its p&in+ipal o%%i+ on !+m:& *, 44, t$

%ollo'in6 &sol(tion :7 (nanimo(s vots o% t$ di&+to&s p&snt at

said mtin6 and +onstit(tin6 a (o&(m 'as app&ovd and adoptd=

RESOL"E!, as it is $&:7 &solvd t$at Lot No. /-42A2 sit(atd

Bo. Canlala7, Bian, La6(na +ontainin6 an a&a o% 5,/) s(a&mt&s +ov&d :7 T&ans%& C&ti%i+at o% Titl No. T2/3)- :

D+$an6d 'it$ 5,3// s$a&s o% sto+< o% t$ +o&po&ation 'o&t$ o&val(d at P53/,///.// :7 'a7 o% a K!d o% ED+$an6 'it$

Can+llation o% Us(%&(+t.

D D D D

). Said s+&ta&7s +&ti%i+at is absolutely fictitious and

simulated :+a(s t$ all6d mtin6 o% t$ Boa&d o% !i&+to&s $ldon !+m:& *, 44 did not actually materiali(e.

D D D D

3/



*. Usin6 t$ said %alsi%id and sp(&io(s do+(mnt, D D D

&spondnts D+(td anot$& fictitious do+(mnt <no'n as t$ K!do% ED+$an6 'it$ Can+llation o% Us(%&(+t.

T$ +ont&a+t p(&po&tin6 to : a t&ans%& o% 5,3// s$a&s o% sto+< o%MFI in &t(&n %o& a pi+ o% a land 0Lot No. /-)2A21 lo+atd at

Canlala7, Bian, La6(na and o'nd :7 mino& +$ild Gil:&to Ri+a&os

Masan6<a7 is void.

A&ti+l )/4 o% t$ N' Civil Cod stats=

KA&t. )/4. T$ %ollo'in6 +ont&a+ts a& inDistnt and void %&om t$ :6innin6.

D D D D

01 T$os '$i+$ a& a:sol(tl7 sim(latd o& %i+titio(s

051 T$os '$os +a(s o& o:;+t did not Dist at t$ tim o% t$

t&ansa+tion

D D D D

T$s +ont&a+ts +annot : &ati%id. Nit$& +an t$ &i6$t to st (p t$

d%ns o% ill6alit7 : 'aivd.

T$ a%o&mntiond contract is indeed simulated and fictitious

:+a(s t$7 d%&a(dd mino& +$ild Gil:&to Ri+a&os Masan6<a7 andp&ivd $im o% $is o'n p&op&t7 'it$o(t an7 +onsid&ation at all.

R+o&ds o% t$ MFI &vald t$at mino& +$ild Gil:&to Ri+a&os

Masan6<a7 >o&? $is all6d 6(a&dian Ma6dalna S. Ri+a&os nv& :+am a sto+<$old& at an7 point in tim o% MFI.

D D D D3>8?

T$ +as &mains pndin6 to dat.3

>4?

Claimin6 t$at E&i:&to lid (nd& oat$ '$n $ said t$at t$& 'as no

mtin6 o% t$ Boa&d $ld on !+m:& *, 44 and t$at t$ !d o%ED+$an6 'it$ Can+llation o% Us(%&(+t is a %i+titio(s inst&(mnt, t$

&spondnt in t$ SEC +as, Csa&, %ild a +omplaint %o& p&;(&735>/a6ainst E&i:&to :%o& t$ O%%i+ o% t$ P&ovin+ial P&os+(to& o%

Ri9al.

3

335



E&i:&to &aisd t$ d%ns o% p&ima&7 ;(&isdi+tion. H a&6(d t$at'$at is involvd is p&ima&il7 an int&a2+o&po&at +ont&ov&s7 $n+,

;(&isdi+tion lis 'it$ t$ SEC p(&s(ant to S+tion - o% P! 4/2A, as

amndd :7 P! No. 3*8. H also insistd t$at t$& 'as a p&;(di+ial(stion :+a(s t$ t&(t$ o% t$ all6ations +ontaind in $is ptition

%o& invol(nta&7 dissol(tion $as 7t to : dt&mind :7 t$ SEC.T$s d%nss '& s(staind :7 t$ assistant p&ovin+ial p&os+(to&

and t$ +omplaint %o& p&;(&7 'as dismissd %o& la+< o% m&it.3)>?

It 'as $o'v& &instatd (pon ptition %o& &vi'3*

>? :%o& t$!pa&tmnt o% #(sti+.3->5? C$i% Stat P&os+(to& non L. ! G(ia

$ld t$at t$ ptition %o& invol(nta&7 dissol(tion is an administ&ativ+as onl7 and t$(s +annot possi:l7 +onstit(t a p&;(di+ial (stion to

t$ +&iminal +as. H also &;+td t$ +laim t$at t$ SEC $asD+l(siv a(t$o&it7 ov& t$ +as. T$ C$i% Stat P&os+(to&

Dplaind t$at t$ p&os+(tion and n%o&+mnt dpa&tmnt o% t$ SEC

$as ;(&isdi+tion onl7 ov& +&iminal and +ivil +ass involvin6 a violationo% a la', &(l, o& &6(lation t$at is administ&d and n%o&+d :7 t$

SEC. P&;(&7, pnali9d (nd& A&ti+l 85 o% t$ Rvisd Pnal Cod0RPC1, is not 'it$in t$ SECs a(t$o&it7.33>)? T$(s, $ o&d&d t$

+ond(+t o% a p&limina&7 invsti6ation, '$i+$ vnt(all7 &s(ltd int$ %ilin6 o% t$ %ollo'in6 in%o&mation=

T$at somtim in t$ mont$ o% !+m:& 44,38>*? in t$ Cit7 o%

Mandal(7on6, P$ilippins, a pla+ 'it$in t$ ;(&isdi+tion o% t$isHono&a:l Co(&t, t$ a:ov2namd a++(sd, did t$n and t$&,

'ill%(ll7, (nla'%(ll7 and %lonio(sl7 +ommit a+ts o% p&;(&7 in $isPtition %o& Invol(nta&7 !issol(tion o% M6atl Fa+to&s, In+. :asd on

violation o% S+tion - o% P&sidntial !+& 4/2A a6ainst M6atl

3)3*

3-

3338

Fa+to&s, In+., Csa& Masan6<a7, #&. and Eli9a:t$ Masan6<a7 '$i+$$ mad (nd& oat$ :%o& a nota&7 a(t$o&i9d to &+iv and

administ& oat$ and %ild 'it$ t$ S+(&itis and ED+$an6

Commission, '$&in $ mad 'ill%(l and dli:&at ass&tion o% a%als$ood on a mat&ial matt& '$n $ d+la&d t$ %ollo'in6, to 'i

a1 t$ s+&ta&7 +&ti%i+at datd Sptm:& , 445, p&oposd :7Eli9a:t$ Masan6<a7 is %i+titio(s and sim(latd :+a(s t$ all6d

!+m:& *, 44, mtin6 never took place and, :1 t$ !d o%ED+$an6 'it$ Can+llation o% Us(%&(+t is a fictitious document ,

'$&:7 t$ &spondnts d%&a(dd t$ mino& +$ild Gil:&to Ri+a&os

Masan6<a7, :7 D+$an6in6 t$ +$ilds 5,/) s(a& mt&s lot 'it$ 5

3// s$a&s o% sto+< o% t$ +o&po&ation, '$n in %a+t no +onsid&ation%o& t$ t&ans%& 'as mad as Gil:&to Ri+a&os Masan6<a7 o& $is6(a&dian Ma6dalna Ri+a&os $as nv& :n a sto+<$old& o% t$

Co&po&ation at an7 point in tim, '$n in t&(t$ and in %a+t t$ a++(s

'll <n' t$at t$ sam statmnts $ mad in $is ptition and '$i+$ &a%%i&md and mad (s as pa&t o% $is vidn+ in t$ S+(&itis

and ED+$an6 Commission 0SEC1 a& %als.34>-?

T$ in%o&mation 'as do+<td as C&iminal Cas No. *-)4* and &a%%lto t$ Mt&opolitan T&ial Co(&t 0MTC1 o% Mandal(7on6 Cit7, B&an

*4.

E&i:&to %ild a motion to (as$,8/>3? insistin6 t$at it is t$ SEC

'$i+$ $as p&ima&7 ;(&isdi+tion ov& t$ +as. H also a&6(d t$at t$

t&(t$ o% t$ all6ations +ontaind in t$ in%o&mation is still pndin6&sol(tion in SEC Cas No. 2452)-*/, t$&:7 +onstit(tin6 a

p&;(di+ial (stion to t$ p&;(&7 +as.

348/



T$ MTC dnid t$ motion to (as$ %o& la+< o% m&it.8>8? It$ld t$at t$ %a+t t$at t$ pa&tis to t$ +&iminal +as a& mostl7

sto+<$old&s o% t$ sam +o&po&ation dos not a(tomati+all7 ma< t$

+as an int&a2+o&po&at disp(t t$at is 'it$in t$ SEC ;(&isdi+tion. Itli<'is $ld t$at t$ %a+t t$at t$ pa&tis a& sto+<$old&s is m&l7

in+idntal and t$at t$ s(:;+t o% t$ +as is a +&iminal a+t and $n+'it$in t$ 6n&al ;(&isdi+tion o% t$ MTC. As &6a&ds t$ iss( o%

p&;(di+ial (stion, t$ MTC &(ld t$at t$ ptition :%o& t$ SEC$as not$in6 to do 'it$ t$ +&iminal +as. T$ t&(t$ o% t$ statmnts

%o& '$i+$ $ is :in6 indi+td is a matt& o% d%ns '$i+$ t$

d%ndant ma7 &ais in t$ +&iminal +as.

E&i:&to %ild a ptition %o& certiorari :%o& B&an+$ *8 o% t$ Pasi6

Cit7 R6ional T&ial Co(&t 0RTC1 to assail t$ dnial o% $is motion to(as$. T$ dnial 'as a%%i&md.8>4? H t$n %ild a ptition %o&

certiorari :%o& t$ CA, '$i+$ 'as dnid %o& :in6 a '&on6 mod o%

appal.85>/?

Failin6 to s(spnd t$ +&iminal p&o+din6s, E&i:&to nt&d a pla o%

not 6(ilt7 d(&in6 a&&ai6nmnt.8)>? H t$n 'aivd t$ +ond(+t o% a p&2t&ial +on%&n+.8*>?

!(&in6 t&ial, t$ p&os+(tion p&sntd t$ p&ivat +omplainant Csa&

as its sol 'itnss.8->5? H tsti%id t$at on !+m:& *, 44, amtin6 o% t$ Boa&d o% !i&+to&s 'as $ld at 4=// o+lo+< in t$

mo&nin6 at t$ o%%i+ o% MFI in Canlala7, Bian, La6(na. H

8

885

8)

8*8-

p&sntd t$ min(ts o% t$ all6d mtin6 and &it&atd t$ dtai+ontaind t$&in indi+atin6 t$at t$ Boa&d (nanimo(sl7 app&ovd

Ma6dalnas p&oposal to D+$an6 $& sons 0Gil:&to Masan6<a7

>Gil:&to?1 p&op&t7 'it$ MFI s$a&s o% sto+< .83>)? T$ p&os+(tionsta:lis$d t$at on o% t$ si6nat(&s appa&in6 in t$ min(ts :lon6

to E&i:&to.88>*? T$is all6dl7 :lis E&i:&tos statmnt t$at t$!+m:& *, 44 mtin6 Kdid not a+t(all7 mat&iali9, and s$o's

t$at $ <n' $is statmnt to : %als :+a(s $ $ad attndd t$mtin6 and si6nd t$ min(ts t$&o%. T$ p&os+(tion also point

o(t t$at in t$ p&o+din6s :%o& t$ 6(a&dians$ip +o(&t to o:tain

app&oval %o& t$ D+$an6 o% p&op&tis, E&i:&to $ad tsti%id in

s(ppo&t o% t$ D+$an6.84

>-? T$ 6(a&dians$ip +o(&t s(:s(ntl7app&ovd t$ p&oposd t&ansa+tion.4/>3? T$ &s(ltin6 !d o%ED+$an6 +ontaind E&i:&tos si6nat(& as %i&st pa&t7.4>8?

As %o& E&i:&tos statmnt t$at t$ !d o% ED+$an6 'as sim(latd

t$ p&os+(tion disp(td t$is :7 a6ain (sin6 t$ min(ts o% t$!+m:& *, 44 mtin6, '$i+$ stats t$at t$ p&op&t7 o% Gil:&to

'ill : D+$an6d %o& 5,3// MFI s$a&s.

Fo& $is d%ns, E&i:&to ass&td t$at t$ !+m:& *, 44 mtin6

did not a+t(all7 ta< pla+. $il $ admittd si6nin6, &adin6 and(nd&standin6 t$ min(ts o% t$ all6d mtin6, $ Dplaind t$att$ min(ts '& onl7 :&o(6$t :7 Csa& and Eli9a:t$ to $is $o(s %

si6nin6, :(t t$& 'as no a+t(al mtin6.4>4?

83

8884

4/

44



To s(ppo&t t$ +laim t$at no mtin6 too< pla+ in 44, t$ d%ns p&sntd Eli9a:t$, t$ MFI +o&po&at s+&ta&7, '$o +o(ld not

&mm:& 'it$ +&taint7 i% s$ $ad snt o(t an7 noti+ %o& t$

!+m:& *, 44 mtin6 and +o(ld not p&od(+ an7 +op7 t$&o%.

T$ d%ns also p&sntd a noti+ o% mtin6 datd 'ctober 67,

6778, '$i+$ +alld %o& t$ MFI :oa&ds initial mtin6 Ksin+ its :(sinss op&ations sta&td, to : $ld on Novm:& 4, 445.

Emp$asi9in6 t$ 'o&ds Kinitial mtin6, E&i:&to a&6(d t$at t$is

p&ovs t$at p&io& to Novm:& 4, 445, no mtin6 0in+l(din6 t$!+m:& *, 44 mtin61 $ad v& ta<n pla+.

As %o& t$ +$a&6 t$at $ p&;(&d $imsl% '$n $ statd t$at t$ !do% ED+$an6 'as %i+titio(s and sim(latd %o& la+< o% +onsid&ation,

E&i:&to Dplaind t$at MFI nv& iss(d sto+< +&ti%i+ats in %avo& o%$is son Gil:&to. Co&po&at s+&ta&7 Eli9a:t$ +o&&o:o&atd t$is

statmnt and admittd t$at sto+< +&ti%i+ats '& nv& iss(d to

Gil:&to o& an7 o% t$ sto+<$old&s.45>5/?

$il $ admittd s(ppo&tin6 t$ p&oposd D+$an6 and s<in6 itsapp&oval :7 t$ 6(a&dians$ip +o(&t, E&i:&to maintaind t$at $ did so :+a(s $ 'as +onvin+d :7 p&ivat +omplainant Csa& t$at t$

D+$an6 'o(ld :n%it $is son Gil:&to. H $o'v& &it&atd t$at,

to dat, Gil:&to is not a sto+<$old& o% MFI, t$(s $as not &+ivd an7+onsid&ation %o& t$ D+$an6.

On &:(ttal, t$ p&os+(tion &%(td E&i:&tos +laim t$at t$ :oa&d $adits %i&st a+t(al mtin6 onl7 on Novm:& 4, 445. It Dplaind t$at

t$ Novm:& 4, 445 mtin6 'as t$ initial mtin6 Ksin+ :(sinss

45

op&ations :6an, :+a(s MFI o:taind p&mit to +ond(+t :(sinssonl7 in 445. B(t t$ Novm:& 4, 445 mtin6 'as not t$ %i&st

mtin6 ever %eld :7 t$ :oa&d o% di&+to&s. T$ p&os+(tion p&snt

t$ s+&ta&7s +&ti%i+ats o% :oa&d mtin6s $ld on Ap&il -,444)>5? and Sptm:& *, 444*>5? 22 :ot$ :%o& Novm:& 4,

445 and :ot$ si6nd :7 E&i:&to.4->55? At t$is tim, :(sinssop&ations $av not 7t :6(n :+a(s t$ +ompan7s $otl :(ildin6

'as still (nd& +onst&(+tion. T$ said s+&ta&7s +&ti%i+ats in %a+ts$o' t$at MFI 'as still so(&+in6 additional %(nds %o& t$ +onst&(+tio

o% its $otl.43>5)?

Ruling of t%e &etropolitan 4rial *ourt

On O+to:& 8, ///, t$ MTC &nd&d a ;(d6mnt 48>5*? $oldin6

t$at t$ p&os+(tion 'as a:l to p&ov t$at t$ !+m:& *, 44mtin6 a+t(all7 too< pla+ and t$at ptition& attndd t$ sam as

vidn+d :7 $is si6nat(& in t$ min(ts t$&o%. As %o& E&i:&tos

statmnt t$at t$ !d o% ED+$an6 'as K%i+titio(s, t$ MTC $ldt$at $is pa&ti+ipation in t$ app&oval and D+(tion o% t$ do+(mnt,

'll as $is avo'als :%o& t$ 6(a&dians$ip +o(&t &6a&din6 t$ p&oposd D+$an6 all militat a6ainst $is p&vio(s statmnt.

Ptition& 'as t$(s %o(nd 6(ilt7 as +$a&6d and sntn+d toimp&isonmnt o% t'o mont$s o% arresto mayor minim(m and mdi(mas minim(m, to on 7a& and on da7 o% arresto mayor maDim(m an

prison correccional minim(m, as maDim(m.44>5-?

4)

4*4-

43

4844



Ruling of t%e Regional 4rial *ourt

E&i:&to appald//>53? $is +onvi+tion to t$ RTC o%

Mandal(7on6 Cit7, B&an+$ 5, '$i+$ vnt(all7 a%%i&md t$

appald ;(d6mnt./>58? T$ fallo o% t$ !+ision stats t$at=

HEREFORE, t$ d+ision o% O+to:& 8, /// :7

Mt&opolitan T&ial Co(&t, B&an+$ *4, Mandal(7on6 Cit7, +onvi+tin6t$ a++(sd2appllant +riberto #. &asangkay o% t$ +&im o% p&;(&7

(nd& A&ti+l 85 o% t$ Rvisd Pnal Cod is $&:7 affirmed in

toto.

SO OR!ERE!./>54?

Ruling of t%e *ourt of $ppeals

T$ CA a%%i&md t$ appald &(lin6 o% t$ t&ial +o(&ts, $oldin6t$at t$ p&os+(tion 'as a:l to p&ov t$at t$ %als$oods in t$

ptition %o& invol(nta&7 dissol(tion '& dli:&atl7 mad. ItDplaind t$at E&i:&tos si6nat(&s on t$ t'o all6dl7 %i+titio(s

do+(mnts s$o' t$at $ pa&ti+ipatd in t$ D+(tion o% t$ !d o%

ED+$an6 and 'as p&snt in t$ !+m:& *, 44 mtin6. Havin6 pa&ti+ipatd in t$s t'o matt&s, E&i:&to <n' t$at t$s '& not

//

//

sim(latd and %i+titio(s, as $ +laimd in $is v&i%id ptition %o&invol(nta&7 dissol(tion o% MFI. T$(s, $ dli:&atl7 lid in $is

ptition./5>)/?

T$ CA &;+td ptition&s a&6(mnt t$at t$ t'o statmnt'& not mat&ial. It &(ld t$at t$7 '& mat&ial :+a(s ptition

vn +itd t$m as p&in+ipal :asis %o& $is ptition %o& invol(nta&7dissol(tion./)>)?

T$ appllat +o(&t %o(nd no m&it in t$ iss( o% p&;(di+ial

(stion. It $ld t$at t$ &s(lt o% t$ ptition %o& invol(nta&7dissol(tion 'ill not : dt&minativ o% t$ +&iminal +as, '$i+$ +an

: &solvd indpndntl7./*>)?

T$ CA $o'v&, +o&&+td t$ imposd pnalt7 on t$ 6&o(n

t$at t$ t&ial +o(&t 'as imp&+is in its appli+ation o% t$ Indt&minaSntn+ La'. T$ CA mtd t$ pnalt7 o% imp&isonmnt %o& a t&

o% siD mont$s and on da7 o% prision correccional minim(m./->)5?

Ptition& movd %o& &+onsid&ation/3>))? '$i+$ 'asdnid./8>)*?

/5

/)/*

/-

/3/8



Hn+, t$is ptition./4>)-?

Iss(s

Ptition& s(:mits t$ %ollo'in6 iss(s %o& &vi'=

I

$t$& t$& 'as dli:&at ass&tion o% %als$ood

II

$t$& t$ TRUTHFUL all6ation in t$ ptition %o& invol(nta&7dissol(tion t$at t$& 'as no mtin6 is mat&ial to t$ ptition

III

$t$& p&;(&7 +o(ld p&osp& '$il t$ main +as &mains pndin6/>)3?

Sin+ t$is is a +as involvin6 a +onvi+tion in a +&iminal +as,t$ iss(s :oil do'n to '$t$& t$ p&os+(tion 'as a:l to p&ov t$

a++(sds 6(ilt :7ond &asona:l do(:t.

/4/

O(& R(lin6

&(l t$at t$ p&os+(tion %aild to p&ov t$ +&im o% p&;(&7 :7ond &asona:l do(:t.

A&ti+l 85 o% t$ RPC p&ovids=

False testimony in ot%er cases and per9ury in solemnaffirmation. T$ pnalt7 o% arresto mayor in its maDim(m p&iod

prision correccional in its minim(m p&iod s$all : imposd (pon a p&son '$o, <no'in6l7 ma<in6 (nt&(t$%(l statmnts and not :in6

in+l(dd in t$ p&ovisions o% t$ nDt p&+din6 a&ti+ls s$all tsti%7(nd& oat$, o& ma< an a%%idavit, (pon an7 mat&ial matt& :%o& a

+omptnt p&son a(t$o&i9d to administ& an oat$ in +ass in '$i+$

t$ la' so &(i&s.

An7 p&son '$o, in +as o% a solmn a%%i&mation mad in li( o% an

oat$, s$all +ommit an7 o% t$ %als$oods mntiond in t$is and t$t$& p&+din6 a&ti+ls o% t$is s+tion, s$all s(%%& t$ &sp+tiv

pnaltis p&ovidd t$&in.

Fo& p&;(&7 to Dist, 01 t$& m(st : a s'o&n statmnt t$at &(i&d :7 la' 01 it m(st : mad (nd& oat$ :%o& a +omptnt



o%%i+& 051 t$ statmnt +ontains a deliberate assertion of false%ood and 0)1 t%e false declaration is wit% regard to a material matter .>)8?

T$ p&sn+ o% t$ %i&st t'o lmnts is not disp(td :7 t$

ptition& and t$7 a& indd p&snt in t$ instant +as. T$ s'o&nstatmnts '$i+$ +ontaind t$ all6d %als$oods in t$is +as '&

s(:mittd in s(ppo&t o% t$ ptition %o& invol(nta&7 dissol(tion, as&(i&d :7 S+tions /* and o% t$ Co&po&ation Cod.

T$ ptition 'as also v&i%id :7 t$ ptition& :%o& a nota&7

p(:li+>)4?an o%%i+& d(l7 a(t$o&i9d :7 la' to administ& oat$s.T$is v&i%i+ation 'as don in +omplian+ 'it$ S+tion o% t$

Co&po&ation Cod.5>*/?

It is t$ lmnts o% deliberate false%ood and materiality o% t$

%als statmnts to t$ ptition %o& invol(nta&7 dissol(tion '$i+$ a&+ontstd.

On t$ lmnt o% mat&ialit7, a mat&ial matt& is t$ main %a+t

'$i+$ is t$ s(:;+t o% t$ in(i&7 o& an7 %a+t o& +i&+(mstan+ '$i+$tnds to p&ov t$at %a+t, o& an7 %a+t o& +i&+(mstan+ '$i+$ tnds to

+o&&o:o&at o& st&n6t$n t$ tstimon7 &lativ to t$ s(:;+t o%in(i&7, o& '$i+$ l6itimatl7 a%%+ts t$ +&dit o% an7 'itnss '$o

tsti%is.)>*?

5)

Ptition& %ild a ptition %o& invol(nta&7 dissol(tion o% MFI :asd onS+tion /* o% t$ Co&po&at Cod, '$i+$ stats=

S+tion /*. it%drawal of stock%older or dissolution of corporatio

In addition and 'it$o(t p&;(di+ to t$ ot$& &i6$ts and &mdisavaila:l to a sto+<$old& (nd& t$is Titl, an7 sto+<$old& o% a +los

+o&po&ation ma7, %o& an7 &ason, +ompl t$ said +o&po&ation to p(&+$as $is s$a&s at t$i& %ai& val(, '$i+$ s$all not : lss t$an t$

pa& o& iss(d val(, '$n t$ +o&po&ation $as s(%%i+int assts in $is

:oo<s to +ov& its d:ts and lia:ilitis D+l(siv o% +apital sto+<= "rovided, T$at an7 sto+<$old& o% a +los +o&po&ation ma7, :7 '&itt

ptition to t$ S+(&itis and ED+$an6 Commission, +ompl t$dissol(tion o% s(+$ +o&po&ation '$nv& an7 o% t$ a+ts o% t$

di&+to&s, o%%i+&s o& t$os in +ont&ol o% t$ +o&po&ation is illegal, or fraudulent, or dis%onest, or oppressive or unfairly pre9udicial to t$

+o&po&ation o& an7 sto+<$old&, o& '$nv& +o&po&at assts a& :i

misapplid o& 'astd.

H statd in $is ptition %o& invol(nta&7 dissol(tion t$at=

D D D D

). Said s+&ta&7s +&ti%i+at is a:sol(tl7 %i+titio(s and

sim(latd, :+a(s t$ all6d mtin6 o% t$ Boa&d o% !i&+to&s $lon !+m:& *, 44 did not a+t(all7 mat&iali9.



D D D D

*. Usin6 t$ said %alsi%id and sp(&io(s do+(mnt, D D D&spondnts D+(td anot$& %i+titio(s do+(mnt <no'n as t$ !d

o% ED+$an6 'it$ Can+llation o% Us(%&(+t.

D D D D

T$ a%o&mntiond +ont&a+t is indd sim(latd and %i+titio(s :+a(s

t$7 d%&a(dd mino& +$ild Gil:&to Ri+a&os Masan6<a7 and dp&ivd$im o% $is o'n p&op&t7 'it$o(t an7 +onsid&ation at all.

D D D D

8. T$ %o&6oin6 a+ts and dds o% t$ &spondnts, don in

vidnt :ad %ait$ and in +onspi&a+7 'it$ on anot$&, a& s&io(sl7

fraudulent and illegal :+a(s t$7 +onstit(t sta%a t$&o(6$%alsi%i+ation o% do+(mnts, p(nis$a:l (nd& A&ti+ls 5* and 3 o%

t$ Rvisd Pnal Cod.

4. Li<'is, said a+ts and dds a& %lonio(sl7 pre9udicial

to t$ sto+<$old&s o% MFI, in+l(din6 ptition&, as +o&po&at assts a&

:in6 misapplid and 'astd.

/. MFI s$o(ld t$&%o& : o&d&d dissolvd a%t& app&op&ia

p&o+din6s :%o& t$is Hono&a:l Commission, in a++o&dan+ 'it$S+tions /* and o% t$ N' Co&po&ation Cod D D D.*>*?

T$ statmnts %o& '$i+$ t$ ptition& is t&id %o& p&;(&7 a& t$ v

6&o(nds $ &lid (pon in $is ptition %o& +o&po&at dissol(tion. T$&%& to a+ts o% t$ MFI di&+to&s '$i+$ a& all6dl7 %&a(d(lnt, ill

and p&;(di+ial, and '$i+$ 'o(ld all6dl7 ;(sti%7 +o&po&at

dissol(tion (nd& S+tion /* o% t$ Co&po&ation Cod. Evidntl7,t$s statmnts a& mat&ial to $is ptition %o& invol(nta&7 dissol(tio

T$ lmnt o% mat&ialit7 is t$&%o& p&snt.

T$ p&os+(tion, $o'v&, %aild to p&ov t$ lmnt o% dli:&at

%als$ood.

T$ p&os+(tion $as t$ :(&dn o% p&ovin6 :7ond &asona:l do(:tt$ %als$ood o% ptition&s statmnt t$at t$ !+m:& *, 44

mtin6 Kdid not actually materiali(e. In ot$& 'o&ds, t$ p&os+(tion $as to sta:lis$ t$at t$ said mtin6 in %a+t too< pla+,

i.., t$at t$ di&+to&s '& a+t(all7 and p$7si+all7 p&snt in on plaat t$ sam tim and +on%&&d 'it$ a+$ ot$&.

To dis+$a&6 t$is :(&dn, t$ p&os+(tion &lid mainl7 on t$ min(t

o% t$ all6d !+m:& *, 44 mtin6, si6nd :7 t$ a++(sd,'$i+$ a& in+onsistnt 'it$ $is statmnt t$at t$ !+m:& *, 44

*



mtin6 did not a+t(all7 mat&iali9. A++o&din6 to t$ min(ts, amtin6 a+t(all7 too< pla+. On t$ ot$& $and, a++o&din6 to t$

ptition&s statmnt in t$ ptition %o& dissol(tion, t$ mtin6 did

not a+t(all7 mat&iali9 o& ta< pla+. T$ t'o statmnts a&o:vio(sl7 +ont&adi+to&7 o& in+onsistnt 'it$ a+$ ot$&. B(t t$ m&

+ont&adi+tion o& in+onsistn+7 :t'n t$ t'o statmnts m&l7mans t$at on o% t$m is %als. It +annot tll (s '$i+$ o% t$ t'o

statmnts is a+t(all7 %als. T$ min(ts +o(ld : t&( and t$ s'o&nstatmnt %als. B(t it is (all7 possi:l t$at t$ min(ts a& %als

and t$ s'o&n statmnt is t&(, as Dplaind :7 t$ ptition& '$o

tsti%id t$at t$ min(ts '& simpl7 :&o(6$t to $is $o(s %o&

si6nat(&, :(t no mtin6 a+t(all7 t&anspi&d. Givn t$ alt&nativ possi:ilitis, it is t$ p&os+(tions :(&dn to a%%i&mativl7 p&ov :7ond &asona:l do(:t t$at t$ %i&st statmnt 0t$ min(ts1 is t$

t&( on, '$il t$ ot$& statmnt 0in t$ ptition %o& dissol(tion1 is

t$ %als on.

$av $ld :%o& t$at a +onvi+tion %o& p&;(&7 +annot : o:taind

:7 t$ p&os+(tion :7 m&l7 s$o'in6 t$ in+onsistnt o& +ont&adi+to&7statmnts o% t$ a++(sd, vn i% :ot$ statmnts a& s'o&n. T$

p&os+(tion m(st additionall7 p&ov '$i+$ o% t$ t'o statmnts is%als and m(st s$o' t$ statmnt to : %als :7 vidn+ ot%er t%an

t$ +ont&adi+to&7 statmnt.->*5? T$ &ational %o& &(i&in6

vidn+ ot$& t$an a +ont&adi+to&7 statmnt is Dplaind t$(s=

D D D P&oo% t$at a++(sd $as 6ivn +ont&adi+to&7 tstimon7 (nd& oat$

at a di%%&nt tim 'ill not : s(%%i+int to sta:lis$ t$ %alsit7 o% $iststimon7 +$a&6d as p&;(&7, %o& t$is 'o(ld lav simpl7 on oat$ o%

t$ d%ndant as a6ainst anot$&, and it 'o(ld not appa& t$at t$

tstimon7 +$a&6d 'as %als &at$& t$an t$ tstimon7 +ont&adi+to&7t$&o%. T$ t'o statmnts 'ill simpl7 n(t&ali9 a+$ ot$& t$&

m(st : som +o&&o:o&ation o% t$ +ont&adi+to&7 tstimon7. S(+$+o&&o:o&ation, $o'v&, ma7 : %(&nis$d :7 vidn+ aliunde tndin6

-

to s$o' p&;(&7 indpndntl7 o% t$ d+la&ations o% tstimon7 o% t$a++(sd.3>*)?

In t$is +as, $o'v&, t$ p&os+(tion 'as (na:l to p&ov, :7

+onvin+in6 vidn+ ot$& t$an t$ min(ts, t$at t$ !+m:& *, 4mtin6 a+t(all7 too< pla+. It m&l7 p&sntd, asid %&om t$

min(ts, t$ tstimon7 o% p&ivat +omplainant Csa&, '$o is a

&spondnt in t$ +o&po&at dissol(tion +as %ild :7 t$ ptition& anis t$&%o& not a n(t&al o& disint&std 'itnss.8>**? T$

p&os+(tion did not p&snt t$ tstimon7 o% t$ ot$& di&+to&s o& pa&ti+ipants in t$ all6d mtin6 '$o +o(ld $av tsti%id t$at t$

mtin6 a+t(all7 o++(&&d. Nit$& did t$ p&os+(tion o%%& an7

Dplanation '$7 s(+$ tstimon7 'as not p&sntd. It li<'is %ailto p&snt an7 vidn+ t$at mi6$t +i&+(mstantiall7 p&ov t$at on

!+m:& *, 44, t$ di&+to&s '& p$7si+all7 6at$&d at a sin6l pla+, and t$& +on%&&d 'it$ a+$ ot$& and +am (p 'it$ +&tain

&sol(tions. Nota:l7, t$ p&os+(tion %aild to p&snt t$ notice %o&t$ all6d mtin6. T$ +o&po&at s+&ta&7, Eli9a:t$, '$o 'as

p&sntd :7 t$ ptition&, +o(ld not vn &mm:& '$t$& s$ $a

snt o(t a p&io& noti+ to t$ di&+to&s %o& t$ all6d !+m:& *,44 mtin6. T$ la+< o% +&taint7 as to t$ sndin6 o% a noti+ &ais

s&io(s do(:t as to '$t$& a mtin6 a+t(all7 too< pla+, %o& $o'+o(ld t$ di&+to&s $av :n 6at$&d %o& a mtin6 i% t$7 $ad not

:n +la&l7 noti%id t$at s(+$ a mtin6 'o(ld : ta<in6 pla+V

T$ ins(%%i+in+7 o% t$ p&os+(tions vidn+ is pa&ti+(la&l6la&in6 +onsid&in6 t$at t$ ptition& $ad al&ad7 Dplaind t$

p&sn+ o% $is si6nat(& in t$ min(ts o% t$ mtin6. H tsti%idt$at '$il t$ mtin6 did not a+t(all7 ta< pla+, t$ min(ts '&

:&o(6$t to $is $o(s %o& $is si6nat(&. H a%%iDd $is si6nat(& t$&

38



:+a(s $ :livd t$at t$ p&oposd D+$an6 o% t$ assts, '$i+$'as t$ s(:;+t o% t$ min(ts, 'o(ld : :n%i+ial to $is +$ild,

Gil:&to. A+tin6 on t$is :li%, $ also s(ppo&td t$ app&oval o% t$

D+$an6 :7 t$ 6(a&dians$ip +o(&t.

Und& t$s +i&+(mstan+s, ' +annot sa7 'it$ mo&al +&taint7

t$at t$ p&os+(tion 'as a:l to p&ov :7ond &asona:l do(:t t$att$ !+m:& *, 44 mtin6 a+t(all7 too< pla+ and t$at t$

ptition&s statmnt dn7in6 t$ sam 'as a dli:&at %als$ood.

T$ s+ond statmnt in t$ ptition %o& invol(nta&7 dissol(tion+laimd to : p&;(&io(s &ads=

*. Usin6 t$ said %alsi%id and sp(&io(s do+(mnt, &spondntsD+(td anot$& %i+titio(s do+(mnt <no'n as t$ !d o% ED+$an6

'it$ Can+llation o% Us(%&(+t.

T$ +ont&a+t p(&po&tin6 to : a t&ans%& o% 5,3// s$a&s o% sto+< o%MFI in &t(&n %o& a pi+ o% land 0Lot No. /-)2A21 lo+atd at

Canlala7, Bian, La6(na and o'nd :7 mino& +$ild Gil:&toMasan6<a7 is void.

A&ti+l )/4 o% t$ N' Civil Cod stats=

A&ti+l )/4. T$ %ollo'in6 +ont&a+ts a& inDistnt and void %&om t$

:6innin6=

D D D D

01 t$os '$i+$ a& a:sol(tl7 sim(latd o& %i+titio(s

051 t$os '$os +a(s o& o:;+t did not Dist at t$ tim o% t$

t&ansa+tion

D D D D

T$s +ont&a+ts +annot : &ati%id. Nit$& +an t$ &i6$t to st (p t$

d%ns o% ill6alit7 : 'aivd.

T$ a%o&mntiond +ont&a+t is indd simulated and fictitious

because t%ey defrauded mino& +$ild Gil:&to Ri+a&os Masan6<a7 andp&ivd $im o% $is o'n p&op&t7 wit%out any consideration at all.

R+o&ds o% t$ MFI &vald t$at mino& +$ild Gil:&to Ri+a&os

Masan6<a7 >o&? $is all6d 6(a&dian Ma6dalna S. Ri+a&os nv& :+am a sto+<$old& at an7 point in tim o% MFI.



In s$o&t, t$ ptition& is :in6 +$a&6d 'it$ dli:&at%als$ood %o& $is statmnt t$at t$ dd o% D+$an6 is %i+titio(s. To

s(ppo&t t$ a++(sation, t$ p&os+(tion p&ovd t$at ptition& assntd

to t$ said !d o% ED+$an6 :7 vi&t( o% $is si6nat(&s in t$ min(tso% t$ all6d !+m:& *, 44 mtin6 and on t$ inst&(mnt itsl%,

and $is pa&ti+ipation in p&o+(&in6 t$ 6(a&dians$ip +o(&ts app&oval o%t$ t&ansa+tion. T$s all6dl7 s$o' t$at t$ D+$an6 'as not

%i+titio(s and t$at E&i:&to <n' it.

+annot a6& 'it$ t$is lin o% &asonin6. Ptition&simp(tation o% %i+titio(snss to t$ !d o% ED+$an6 s$o(ld not :

ta<n o(t o% +ontDt. H Dplaind in pa&a6&ap$ * o% $is ptition %o&invol(nta&7 dissol(tion t$at t$ !d o% ED+$an6 is sim(latd and

%i+titio(s pursuant to $rticle 6<=7 of t%e *ivil *ode, because itdeprived !ilberto &asangkay of %is property wit%out any

consideration at all. To ;(sti%7 $is all6ation t$at Gil:&to did not

&+iv an7t$in6 %o& t$ D+$an6, $ statd in t$ sam pa&a6&ap$ t$atGil:&to nv& :+am a sto+<$old& o% MFI 0MFI sto+<s '&

s(pposd to : t$ +onsid&ation %o& Gil:&tos land1. T$is %a+t 'ass(:s(ntl7 p&ovn :7 t$ ptition& t$&o(6$ t$ +o&po&at s+&ta&7

Eli9a:t$, '$o admittd t$at MFI nv& iss(d sto+<s in %avo& o% t$sto+<$old&s. T$is tstimon7 'as nv& Dplaind o& &:(ttd :7 t$

p&os+(tion. T$(s, ptition&s statmnt t$at t$ D+$an6 'as

Ksim(latd and %i+titio(s D D D :+a(s t$7 D D D dp&ivd >Gil:&to?o% $is o'n p&op&t7 'it$o(t an7 +onsid&ation at all +annot :

+onsid&d a dli:&at %als$ood. It is simpl7 $is +$a&a+t&i9ation o%t$ t&ansa+tion, :asd on t$ %a+t t$at Gil:&to did not &+iv

+onsid&ation %o& t$ D+$an6 o% $is land.

As impo&tantl7, ptition&s statmnts in pa&a6&ap$ * o% t$ ptition %o& invol(nta&7 dissol(tion a:o(t t$ nat(& o% t$ !d o%

ED+$an6 a& conclusions of law, and not %a+t(al statmnts '$i+$ a&s(s+pti:l o% t&(t$ o& %alsit7. T$7 a& $is opinion &6a&din6 t$ l6al

+$a&a+t& o% t$ !d o% ED+$an6. H opind t$at t$ !d o%

ED+$an6 'as %i+titio(s o& sim(latd (nd& A&ti+l )/4 o% t$ Civil

Cod, :+a(s MFI s(pposdl7 did not p&%o&m its &+ip&o+alo:li6ation to iss( sto+<s to Gil:&to in D+$an6 %o& $is land. His

opinion o& l6al +on+l(sion ma7 $av :n '&on6 0as %ail(& o%

+onsid&ation dos not ma< a +ont&a+t sim(latd o& %i+titio(s1,4>*- :(t it is an opinion o& l6al +on+l(sion nv&t$lss. An opinion o& a

;(d6mnt +annot : ta<n as an intntional %als statmnt o% %a+ts.

>*3?

&+o6ni9 t$at p&;(&7 st&i<s at t$ v&7 administ&ation o% t$

la's t$at it is t$ poli+7 o% t$ la' t$at ;(di+ial p&o+din6s and ;(d6mnts s$all : %ai& and %& %&om %&a(d t$at liti6ants and pa&tis

n+o(&a6d to tll t$ t&(t$, and t$at t$7 : p(nis$d i% t$7 do not.>*8? Ho'v&, it is also at t$ $a&t o% v&7 +&iminal p&o+din6 t$a

v&7 p&son is p&s(md inno+nt (ntil p&ovn 6(ilt7 :7ond&asona:l do(:t.

Givn t$ %o&6oin6 %indin6s, t$& is no mo& nd to dis+(s

t$ iss( involvin6 t$ p&op&it7 o% p&o+din6 'it$ t$ p&;(&7 +as'$il t$ +ivil +as %o& +o&po&at dissol(tion is pndin6.

HEREFORE, t$ ptition is GRANTE!. T$ assaildMa&+$ -, //) !+ision o% t$ Co(&t o% Appals in CA2G.R. GR N

*33* and its #(l7 4, //) Rsol(tion, a& RE"ERSE! and SET

ASI!E. Ptition& E&i:&to S. Masan6<a7 is ACUITTE! o% t$+$a&6 o% p&;(&7 on t$ 6&o(nd o% REASONABLE !OUBT.

SO OR!ERE!.

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