Crime at Sea and Human Insecurity in Southeast Asia (2)

Toward a New Paradigm of Maritime Security Cooperation

Jun HonnaJICA Research Institute

Backgrounds

• Cross-Border Threats, Regional Cooperation, and the Building of ‘Common Goods’ for ASEAN’s Political-Security Community

• Japan as a Stakeholder

• Enduring Human Insecurity in Southeast Asian Waters

Crime at Sea: Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing

・ UII fishing in the Asia-Pacific Region costs around US$5.8b annually.

・ Scientists estimate that 56 percent of the coral reefs in Southeast Asia are at risk from destructive fishing (Reefs at Risk, 2002)

Crime at Sea: Human Trafficking

・ It is conservatively estimated that at least 200-225,000 womenand children from Southeast Asia are trafficked annually, a figure representing nearly one-third of the global trafficking trade. (IOM, Combating Trafficking in Southeast Asia)

Crime at Sea: Illegal Logging

・ Stolen timber worth almost two and a half billion dollars is traded between the countries of East and Southeast Asia each year. (EIA/Telapak)

Crime at Sea: Drug TraffickingClandestine Laboratories Seized in SEA

・ UNODC estimates that about half of global production of amphetamines takes place in East and Southeast Asia, a third in North America and about 15% in Europe.

Crime at Sea: Armed Robbery against Ships

Locations 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Indonesia 121 94 79 50 43 28

Malacca Straits 28 38 12 11 7 2

Malaysia 5 9 3 10 9 10

Philippines 12 4 6 6 7

Singapore Straits 2 8 7 5 3 6

Thailand/Gulf of Thai. 2 4 1 1 2

South China Sea 2 8 6 1 3

Vietnam 15 4 10 3 5 11

Total at Year End 445 329 276 239 263 293

ICC-IMB Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships Report – Annual Report 2008

Locations of Actual and Attempted Attacks

Questioning Regional Responses to Maritime Crime

• Gap between High-level Political Commitment (ASEAN Plan of Action to Combat Transnational Crime) and Policy-level Cooperation

• Piracy-Oriented International Concerns

• Navy-Oriented Views of Maritime Security

Toward a New Paradigm

• From Naval Balance of Power to Regional Cooperation among Law Enforcement Agencies at Sea

• Capacity Building of Civilian Law Enforcers (Coast Guards, Water Polices)

• Joint Programs—Training, Educations

• Bringing ‘Human’ Back in—Problems on Land