Creativity & Innovation notes_IV_Sem_2016.pdf

8/18/2019 Creativity & Innovation notes_IV_Sem_2016.pdf

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REFERENCE MATERIAL- CREATIVITY & INNOVATION 2016-17

Business Ethics Page 1

Creativity & Innovation

(Please note that these notes are not comprehensive and therefore additional reading is recommended

from diverse sources)

“Innovation is the successful exploitation of new ideas.”

Books Referred:

1. Innovation Management – Allan Afuah – Oxford Publications Managing & Shaping

2. Innovation – Steve Conway & Fred Steward – Oxford Publications

Sr. No Syllabus

1 Introduction to Creativity and Innovation, Nature of Creativity: Person,

Process, Product and Environment

2 Nature of Innovation: Making the Idea a Reality

3 Need for Creativity and Innovation in Organizations

4 Role of Creativity and Innovation in the Organisation

5 Dynamics that underlie Creative Thinking

6 Creative insight: Why do good ideas come to us and when they do?

7 Idea evaluation: What to do with generated ideas? Creativity in Teams

8 Developing and Contributing to a Creative-Innovation Team Managing for

Creativity and Innovation

9 Tools and Techniques in Creativity

10 Evolving a Culture of Creativity and Innovation in Organizations

11 Creativity in the Workplace

12 Creativity and Change Leadership

13 Researching/Assessing Creativity

14 Global Perspectives on Creativity

15 Case Studies


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MMS-SEMESTER III Mgmt study material created/compiled by- Prof Ankita Asthana

Thakur Institute of Mgmt Studies & Research Page 2 Created on 2/18/2016

Forms of Innovation

Form Innovation Innovator Country

Product Walkman Akio Morita/Sony Japan

Ballpoint Pen Laszlo Biro Hungrary

Television John Logie Baird UK

Spreadsheet Dan Bricklin USAService Telephone Insurance Peter Wood/RBS UK

Credit Card R. Schneider/ F. Mc

Namara

USA

Internet Bookstore Jeff Buzos USA

Process Moving Assembly Line Henry Ford USA

Float Glass Alistair Pilkington UK

Computer Airline

Reservations(SABRE)

IBM/American Airlines USA

Introduction to Creativity and Innovation, Nature of Creativity: Person,

Process, Product and Environment

Learning Objectives

This chapter will enable the reader to:

Understand the concept of Innovation & Creativity Recognize the different types of innovation, e.g. product, process, person and environment. Explain the difference between discovery, invention, design, innovation and change.

Concept of Innovation

“Innovation is the successful exploitation of new ideas.”

The concept of innovation is quite diverse, depending mainly on its application. Briefly,

innovation is the successful exploitation of new ideas. And companies’ success, for example,

means increased revenues, access to new markets, increased prof i t margins, among other benefits.

Innovation is the activity of people and organizations to change themselves and the

environment. It means breaking routines and dominant ways of thinking, introducing new

things and behaviors, launching new standards.

“Innovation is not a single action, but a total process of interrelated sub proce sses. It is not just the

conception of a new idea, nor the invention of a new device, nor the development of a new market.

The process is all these things acting in an integrated fashion.” - Myers & Marquis (1969)


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Innovation is an act of application of new ideas to which creates some value for the business

organization, government and society as well.

new technology.

new product line or segment.

new method of production.

An improvement in existing product.

So, Innovation can be characterized as:

1. Innovation (like invention) concerns novelty2. Innovation is concerned with exploitation of new possibilities, through the bringing to

market, or the bringing into practical use, of an idea or concept;

3. Innovation is a process4. Innovation is a broad concept that embraces the full range of activities from discovery and

invention, through to development and commercialization.

Why i t is importance to innovate?

Innovations are able to generate competitive advantages in the medium and long term,

innovate is essential for the sustainability of the companies and the countries in the future.

Innovations are important because they allow companies to access new markets, increase revenues,

perform new partnerships, learn new knowledge and increase the value of their brands

Innovation is more than simply having a good idea. Innovation is about turning new ideas and

concepts into something that will create value. Value can be commercial, social or organizational.

Innovation can be Incremental or Radical:

Incremental Innovation:

It reflects small continuous improvements in products or product lines. It generally represents

small improvements in benefits noticed by the consumer and it does not change significantly

the business model or the way the product is consumed.

Example: the evolution of common CD to double CD, capable of storing twice as many tracks.

Radical Innovation:

It represents a drastic change in the way that the product or the service is consumed. It

generally, brings a new paradigm to the market segment that modifies the existing business

model,


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Example: the evolution of the music CD to digital files in MP3 extension.

Table 1. Characteristics of Incremental and Radical Innovation

Incremental Innovation Radical Innovation

Exploits existing technology Explores new technology

Low uncertainty High uncertainty

Focuses on cost or feature improvements in

existing products or services, processes,

marketing or business model

Focuses on processes, products or services with

unprecedented performance features

Improves competitiveness within current

markets or industries

Creates a dramatic change that transforms

existing markets or industries, or creates new

ones

To illustrate the difference between incremental and radical innovation think about the camera

industry. Kodak led the industry for years developing new and improved products based on

traditional film. However these were all incremental innovations based on the same technology. The

radical innovation in this industry was the development of digital imaging. This revolutionized the

industry and the way people captured, stored and used images.

Innovation is not just about products

Types of Innovation

The different forms of innovation can be classified in several ways.

Here we highlight two of these visions, as the innovation focal object and its impact.

Focal Objectives of Innovation

Product innovation:

It consists of changes in product attributes with a change in how the product is noticed by consumers.

Example: car with automatic transmission compared to “conventional“one.

Process innovation:


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It consists of changes regarding the product or the service production process. It does not necessarily

have an impact on the final product but produces benefits in the production process, generally

increasing the productivity and reducing costs.

Example: automobile produced by robots compared to that produced by human workers.

A product innovation is the act of bringing something new to the market place that improves the

range and quality of products on offer: for example, the Apple iPod is an innovation compared with

the Sony Walkman, which was an earlier portable device for playing music.

Product/service Innovation

You are probably most familiar with product/service innovation. It involves developing new

products or services, enhancing existing products or services, and even technological innovation.

GroundProbe, a Queensland company supplying precision measuring instruments to mines around

the world, is an example of a company that has successfully used service innovation to enhance its

innovative products.

Process Innovation

Applying an innovative approach to improving operational processes in your business such as

production line developments, financial systems or human resource management can give a

competitive advantage. Using information and communications technology (ICT) can help to improve

processes. Moriatis Fresh is an example of a company that has innovated in its supply and delivery

processes.

nnovation is more than simply having a good idea. Innovation is about turning new ideas and

concepts into something that will create value. Value can be commercial, social or organisational.

A process innovation is a new way of making or delivering goods or services: for example, going to

visit the doctor and recording that you have arrived for your appointment by touching a screen instead

of talking to a receptionist.

Marketing Innovation

Do you use an innovative approach in taking your products and services to market? Have you found innovative ways toincrease your customer base in your current market or even find new markets for your offerings?

Marketing innovation centres around how you promote your offering, your pricing strategies, and the channels that youuse to distribute your offering. In recent years the web has been the most significant innovation in marketing channels,offering whole new marketing systems, such as with Amazon.com. Furitechnics has taken an innovative approach tomarketing its products.

Innovation of business model:

It consists of changes in the business model which means the way the product or the service is

offered to the market. It does not necessarily imply changes in the product or even in the

production process but in the way as it is brought to the market.


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Example: the consumer rents a car paying a monthly fee to use the vehicle, including

insurance, maintenance and replacement by newer model every year, compared to the

traditional business model where the vehicle is sold.

Business model innovation has the potential to offer the greatest competitive advantages for a business. Are there

opportunities for innovation in the structure and/or financial model of your business? Business model innovation ofteninvolves structural changes and strategic partnerships. Some examples of Queensland businesses that have used

business model innovations successfully are discussed below.

Defining Creativity

• Creativity is the characteristic of a person to generate new ideas, alternatives, solutionsand possibilities in a most unique and different way.

• Creativity is the ability to conceive something unpredictable, original and unique. It must be expressive, interesting and imaginative. It is the mirror of how beautifully a person can

think in any given circumstance.


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Key Differences Between Creativity and Innovation

The following are the major differences between Creativity and Innovation:

1. The quality of thinking new ideas and putting them into reality is creativity. The act of executing the creative ideas

into practice is innovation.2. Creativity is an imaginative process as opposed to innovation is a productive process.

3. Creativity can never be measured, but Innovation can be measured.

4. Creativity is related to the generation of ideas which are new and unique. Conversely, Innovation is related to

introduce something better into the market.

5. Creativity does not require money. On the other hand innovation requires money.

6. There is no risk involved in creativity, whereas risk is always attached to innovation.

Example

The invention of motorcycle was a biggest innovation over scooters.

In this example, the thought of creation of a new traveling motorcycle is creativity, but the actual invention of it is

innovation.

Want to boost innovation in your business? Here are some practical suggestions.


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1. Have a vision for change

To be innovative your team must know the direction in which they are heading. Innovation has to have a purpose. It is upto the leader to set the course and give a bearing for the future.

You need one overarching statement that defines the direction for the business and that people will readily understandand remember. For example, Biolytix vision is to be the supplier of the best solutions in wastewater treatment systemsaround the world, being technologically superior, as well as robust and cost-effective.

Great leaders spend time illustrating the vision, goals and challenges. They explain to people how their role is crucial in

fulfilling the vision and meeting the challenges. They inspire people to become passionate entrepreneurs, findinginnovative routes to success.

2. Fight th e fear of ch ange

Constantly demonstrate the need for change. Innovative leaders say, “We are doing well but we cannot rest on our laurels,we need to do even better.” They explain that while trying new ventures is risky, standing still is even riskier. They mustpaint a picture that shows an appealing future that is worth taking risks to achieve. They help people embrace change.

3. Think lik e a ventu re capitalist

Venture capitalists (VCs) use a portfolio approach and balance the risk of losing with the upside of winning.

They like to consider lots of proposals. They are comfortable with the knowledge that many of the ideas they back will fail.These are all important lessons for business leaders who typically consider only a handful of proposals and who abhorfailure.

4. Have a dynam ic sugg est ion schem e

How do you tap into ideas from the people working in your business? Great suggestion schemes are focused, easy to use,well resourced, responsive and open to all. They do not need to offer huge rewards. Recognition and response aregenerally more important. Above all, they have to have the whole-hearted commitment of the senior team to keep themfresh, properly managed and successful.

5. Break th e rules

To achieve radical innovation you have to challenge the assumptions that govern how things should look in yourenvironment. Business is not like sport, with its well defined rules and referees. It is more like art and is rife withopportunity for the lateral thinker who can create new ways to provide the goods and services customers want.

6. Give everyone two jobs

Give all your people two key objectives. Ask them to run their current jobs in the most effective way possible and at thesame time to find completely new ways to do the job.

Encourage your employees to ask themselves—what is the essential purpose of my role?What is the outcome that I deliver that is of real value to my clients (internal and external)?Is there a better way to deliver that value or purpose?

The answer is always “yes”, but most people never ask the question.

7. Collaborate

Many CEOs see collaboration as key to their success with innovation. They know they cannot do it all using internalresources. So they look outside for other organisations with complementary skills to partner with.

8. Welcome failure

Encourage a culture of experimentation. To be truly agile, you must give people the freedom to innovate, experiment andto succeed. That means you must give them the freedom to fail, too. Thomas Edison tested over 3000 filaments before hecame up with his version of a practical light bulb.

9. Bui ld p rototypes

“Don’t debate it, test it”. Try the new idea at low cost in a section of the market and see what the customers’ reactions are.You will learn far more in the real world than you will in the test laboratory or with focus groups.

10. Be pass ionate

Focus on the things that you want to change, the most important challenges you face and be passionate aboutovercoming them. Your energy and drive will translate itself into direction and inspiration for your people. It is no goodfilling your bus with contented, complacent passengers. You want evangelists, passionate supporters. You want peoplewho believe that reaching the destination is really worthwhile. If you want to inspire people to innovate, to change the way


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they do things and to achieve extraordinary results, then you have to be passionate about what you believe in and youhave to communicate that passion every time you speak.

References

Innovation Toolbox » Case Studies. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.innovationtoolbox.com.au/mentoring/case-studies

‘Frugal Innovation 1.0’ also emerged in China and Africa, such as Kenya’s m-Pesa (mobile

money) and m-Kopa (installed payment system for solar energy). India’s innovation

capacity was showcased more recently by the Mangalayan Mars mission as well,

completed at one tenth the cost and one third the time of NASA initiatives.

The next wave, ‘Frugal Innovation 2.0,’ is being powered by Western entrepreneurs and

industrial giants. The frugality demand for value and values in innovation is also gathering

steam in the West in recent years, reflected in the rise of ‘sharing economy’ startups like

AirBnB, Uber and BlaBlaCar, and the call by citizens and regulators for companies to be

socially and environmentally responsible.

‘Frugal Innovation 3.0’ will consist of a more intense combining of forces between Indian

innovators and global business giants from the West, according to Radjou and Prabhu.

Western companies are now taking principles of frugal innovation to a much higher scale

and scope than Indian companies. These include the Renault Logan (Europe’s cheapest

car), Novartis (container-based drug manufacturing), BASF (mobile production units), and

Pepsico (Global Value Innovation Centre in Gurgaon).

Case Study on Frugal Innovation


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How can you enter an emergingmarket – and improve the lives of millions?

In India, leading manufacturer Godrej & Boyce wanted to reinvigorate growth in its

venerablehousehold appliance business. We helped find a way to attract non-consumers—

the more than 80% of Indian households that lacked basic appliances such as refrigerators.

The idea to address the basic refrigeration needs of rural families in India began in 2006 at adisruptive innovation workshop led by Professor Clayton Christensen of Harvard Business Schoolthrough Innosight.The Innosight team began its work by imagining living in a home without a refrigerator. Electricity isunavailable or unreliable in many rural parts of India, where families earning under $5 per day can'tafford major appliances.Could a community step up and help create a solution? Godrej Vice President G. Sunderraman ledtrips around rural India, observing the daily routines

of villagers. Using our "jobs-to-be-done" approach, heand the Innosight team witnessed how ruralconsumers purchased, prepared and stored food anddrinks.

Defining a simple but urgent "job"We concluded that these homes didn't need cheaprefrigerators. The "job" was much more basic. Peopleneeded an affordable way to keep milk, vegetablesand leftovers cool for a day or two—both at home oraway. This job is urgent in a country where a third of


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all food is lost to spoilage, according to the UnitedNations Commission on Sustainable Development.Godrej developed prototypes for feedback at "cocreation"events. In a straw poll of 600 women in thevillage of Osmanabad, the community voted to makethe product red, the color of harmony and bliss.

Godrej developed prototypes for feedback at "cocreation"events. In a straw poll of 600 women in thevillage of Osmanabad, the community voted to makethe product red, the color of harmony and bliss.From this effort came the ChotuKool, or "little cool" inHindi. A disruptive innovation for the base of theeconomic pyramid, ChotuKool has been called "theTata Nano of appliances," in a reference to India'ssuper-compact car.Instead of traditional compressors, ChotuKool isbased on a thermoelectric chip that maintains a cooltemperature on a 12-volt DC current or an externalbattery. The unconventional opening ensures cold airsettles down in the cabinet to minimize heat loss andpower consumption. The unit is highly portable, with45 liters of volume inside a fully plastic bodyweighing less than 10 pounds.

Priced at $69, about half of an entry level refrigerator,Chotukool creates a new product category, with atargeted value proposition that serves a new

segment of customers. Developing the business model

Since ChotuKool is so unique, Godrej needed toevolve a new business model to fit the market.Innosight suggested options for a new kind offinancing plan and low-cost distribution system that generates profits.Moving beyond a single-state test market, Godrej isnow in the process of expanding distribution usingcommunity networks. The result is an innovation withimpact. Godrej & Boyce is on pace to sell 100,000ChotuKools in only its second full year on the market.The early success of ChotuKool led to Godrej beingnamed India's most innovative company of the yearby Business Standard magazine in a ceremony c

onducted by the nation's Prime Minister.BusinessWeek and Fast Company named Godrej oneof the world's "most innovative companies."ChotuKool was also awarded the 2012 Edison AwardGold prize for the Social Impact category. Mostrecently, Godrej redesigned and relaunchedChotuKool as a major consumer brand, withexpanded distribution and a way for consumers toorder personalized versions online.

What Is Innovation? Innovation can be defined as the application of new ideas to the products,

processes, or other aspects of the activities of a firm that lead to increased “value.” This “value” is


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defined in a broad way to include higher value added for the firm and also benefits to consumers or

other firms. Two important definitions are: • Product innovation: the introduction of a new product,

or a significant qualitative change in an existing product. • Process innovation: the introduction of a

new process for making or delivering goods and services.

Nature of Innovation: Making the Idea a Reality

Innovation is a complicated and continuing process that demands individual and organizational

creativity. To find refreshing authentic originals we need to rediscover purpose, meaning and

identity. As individuals, our ability to communicate ‘the potentially creative’ fuels the organization’s

innovative capacity.

Need for Creativity and Innovation in Organizations

Role of Creativity and Innovation in the Organisation

Dynamics that underlie Creative Thinking

Creative insight: Why do good ideas come to us and when they do?

Idea evaluation: What to do with generated ideas? Creativity in Teams

Developing and Contributing to a Creative-Innovation Team Managing for Creativity and Innovation

Tools and Techniques in Creativity

Evolving a Culture of Creativity and Innovation in Organizations

Creativity in the Workplace

Creativity and Change Leadership

I deas and inventi ons

From Ideas to inventions: 101 gifts from MIT to the world

List out at least 10 major inventions that MIT has created in the last 50 years.


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Ivan Getting and Brad Parkinson – Global Positioning System

2. Hugh Herr – Bionic Prostheses

3. Robert Noyce – Microchip

4. Ray Tomlinson – E-mail

5. Robert Langer – Slow drug delivery and polymer scaffolds for human tissues

6. Ronald Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adelma – RSA encryption

7. Ray Kurzweil – Text/Speech Recognition

8. Shiintaro Asano – Fax Machine9. Andrew Viterbi – Viterbi Algorithm

10. Norbert Weiner – Cybernetics

Why Daily Creativity Is So Important!


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Work-Life Balance

Because social norms have changed, an increasing number of female workers are participating in economic activities andretaining high potential employees has become the key to successful business operations. Happiness has become theoverarching value of employees’ quality life, giving rise to greater social interest in balancing work and life. Therefore, SamsungElectronics also supports and encourages the employees to balance their work and life. In case anyone works overtime, theirsupervisor and the employee are notified to insure they comply with the legal overtime work requirements. For the creativity ofthe employees, Samsung Electronics also provides vacations for self-management and other vacation programs including familytheme tour packages.

Welfare Programs

Samsung Electronics shares and cares about its employees’ concerns over their health, children’s education and post-retirementlife and helps them prepare for their future in order to enhance employee satisfaction and provide better workingenvironments. In addition to the basic legal welfare programs such as premium subsidies for National Pension, Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance and Employment Insurance, we also provide medical subsidies, a corporate pension

program, work-out facilities and condominium rental services.

Building a Great Work Place(GWP)

With an aim to realize a “Great Work Place (GWP),” Samsung Electronics has analyzed its corporate culture by utilizing the confidence index of The 100 Best

Companies to Work For by Fortune Magazine since 1998. In 2007, we

concluded a global contract with the “Great Place To Work (GPTW)” of the U.S. for a confidence index survey of our domestic and overseas workforces, whichcontribute to building a corporate culture that fits our global stature. Based on theGWP analysis results, each division and department prepare and implementimprovement plans to build a GWP by f illing the gaps in the five survey categorieswhich are of trust, respect, fairness, pride and solidarity. Also, 400 GWP officerssupervise and implement corporate culture improvement activities at eachworkplace.Based on the belief that sharing best practices is one of the most effective ways tobuild the GWP, Samsung Electronics operates a separate GWP portal within itsintranet and publishes the GWP magazine to share best practices of improving

corporate culture and GWP-related information. In particular, the semiconductorand LCD business divisions hold GWP Awards to encourage pertinentdepartments and employees to share their GWP activities and performances,

every year-end.

Talent Management

Samsung Electronics believes the tradition of valuing “People” is the key to

building a creative corporate culture. “People” are the most valuable asset as we carry out our business activities based on the principles of human respect. To

ensure sustainable growth in this rapidly changing business environment, we

strongly believe that it is critical to recruit and retain talented people with creative,

enterprising spirits and competent employees who can flexibly respond to fierce

international competition and globalization.

Samsung Electronics abides by the international labor standards and local labor

regulations to enhance employee value, while eliminating discrimination based on

gender, race, religion, social position or payment or illegal labor practices such as

child or forced labor at the source. At the same time, we implement a variety of

GWP activities to build the greatest work place based on a creative and

enterprising corporate culture, thereby attracting and retaining the most talented


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people.

What’s Your Approach to the

Creative Process?

Reward Creativity

To get employees to think out-of-the-box, need to motivate them with some form of rewards.

Suggestions have to be taken seriously so that employees are willing to come up with more

creative ways of improving the workplace.

To kick-start things up, you can set goals for your employees to think up of some ways of

making work processes more efficient.

Perhaps each employee can be tasked to provide one suggestion by the end of each week and

you’ll assess which idea is the best.

This will be followed with a reward for the employee and equally important,

implementation.

The reward can be tangible ones like giving monetary incentives, or intangible ones like

recognition from the organization by announcing the winner to the rest.

Diversity Among Employees

Employees with comparable backgrounds, qualifications, experience, etc creates a

homogeneous working environment.

Perhaps having such homogeneity between the employees will facilitate team-bonding and

such, but when it comes to workplace creativity, a uniform and agreeable crowd leaves little

room for ideas to flourish.

Rather than setting stringent recruitment prerequisites, you might consider giving more

allowance in your criteria.

Hire staffs from different knowledge and background and get them to mingle around in

projects and even company events.

Organize more informal settings between employees with dissimilar profiles for the

interchanging of thought

Positive Working Environment

Sometimes, too serious a mindset can hinder creativity.


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Having fun during work allows one to be relaxed and that’s where one tends to get inspired

with wonderful ideas.

Needless to say, a stressful or even depressing work environment doesn’t give one the mood

to think of doing things differently.

Psychological studies have revealed that positive mood can spur creativity.

The idea is that positive mood awards us with greater flexibility in thinking because our

perspectives are widened.

We become more open-minded in that sense and are willing to explore alternatives.

• Anti PPT Presentation

Make presentation without making use of ppt & replace it with hand made models of

products.

• In built wifi and other facilities at bus

So the employees can complete their projects on the time.

• Voice Command Software : Which will type what will be spoken. It will be used by

employees whose major work is to type an emails.

• Management Games: To enhance their creativity.

• De stress Room: Where employees can remove their frustration and irritation on boxing sack

and on hit me statue.

• * Flexi hours policy: where the employees can come in at any time to office butthey have to complete their work and daily hours of working.

• * Voice to creativity: Here everyone should give their suggestion on how theywould want the working environment to be like.

• * Changing workstation & giving connectivity: Allowing employees to work fromanywhere in the office be it cafeteria, etc.

• * Work from home: For people who live afar off instead of wasting their time totravel to work they can work from home instead or in cases when employee is

unwell etc.• * Festival: Should be celebrated to motivate employees• * Music at work: Can pep the mood to enjoy the tasks for the day• * Gym & other amenities: So that they can rejuvenate themselves with the help of

beauty parlours and guys can work out and stay brisk.

• * Innovation team: A dedicated team that makes sure everyone does somethingnew like happy Fridays sporting games etc.

1. Providing saloon service & SPA at Workplace to Motivate and


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To Feel Them Relax.

2. Providing laundry Facilities at work place this will help theemployee to provide Spent time at office Because They will BeGetting Free Service of Laundry.

3. Company will take care of the employee work related to bankand other paper related things this will help to decrease in leave

from employee.


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4) No punching system.

5)No Working hours to motivate employee.


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4. For advertisement which user see on website or an online.Advertisement will change as when cricket match is going on

every 4 -6 and wickets Will display attractive Images to user

Which Interact them And Result in More Revenue.


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Six Thinking Hats Exercise

Edward de Bono

A management writer and consultant who has worked extensively on tools to

enhance creativity.

(His most famous work deals with the concept of Lateral Think ing ).

Have each member of the group put on one of the following hats, and then examine the

picture of the cricket bat on the next page.

1. White hat: factual, describes what is there

2. Red hat: intuitive, expresses how one feels when one sees the object

3. Green hat: creative, comes up with ideas

4. Black hat: negative, sees what is wrong with everything


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5. Yellow hat: positive, sees what is good in everything

6. Blue hat: controls the process, runs the discussion, decides which hat to put on

when

Exercise


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1. Blue hat: In which order should the group go through the

hats?____________________________________________________

2. White hat:

A. Whose bat is in the picture?_________________________

B. How much does it cost?________________________________

C. How many bats of that edition exist?______________________

3. Red hat:


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A. How does looking at the picture make you feel?________________

B. Would you like to own such a bat?________________________

4. Green hat:

List 3 ways that you could go about acquiring such a bat, assuming that it is not

for sale.

A. ___________________________________________________

B. ___________________________________________________

C. ___________________________________________________

5. Black hat:

A. Of the 3 ways mentioned above, which is the least practical?

Why?_________________________________________________________

________________________________________

B. Which, if any, is immoral?______________________________

6. Yellow hat:

Of the options mentioned by the green hat, which seems the best

one?__________________________________________________

©

YoelDoron,2005.


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Create an Innovation Culture

To create an innovative culture, managers need to make sure that all

employees know that innovation is a job requirement. It should be woven

into the fabric of the business and given a prominent place in job

descriptions, procedures, and performance evaluations. Innovation should

be defined to include incremental as well as revolutionary improvements. In

a Harvard Business Review interview, Katsuaki Watanabe of Toyota said,

“There is no genius in our company. We just do whatever we believe is right,

trying every day to improve every little bit and piece. But when 70 years of

very small improvements accumulate, the y become a revolution.” Over a 35-

year period, Toyota’s innovation culture increased the number of annual

suggestions per employee 480-fold from 0.1 to 48.

Creativity and Change Leadership

Learning Objective

To demonstrate that creativity is a core leadership skill

To help students internalize creativity principles and Creative Problem Solving strategies so that they

can become more effective and powerful leaders.

What is Leadership: Select a Definition

http://hbr.org/2007/07/lessons-from-toyotas-long-drive/eshttp://hbr.org/2007/07/lessons-from-toyotas-long-drive/eshttp://hbr.org/2007/07/lessons-from-toyotas-long-drive/eshttp://hbr.org/2007/07/lessons-from-toyotas-long-drive/es


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Four Fundamental

Components of Leadership

• leadership is a process

• leadership involves influence

• leadership occurs within a group

context

• leadership involves goal attainment

Northouse, 2004

Fullan on Management &

Leadership

“I have never been fond of distinguishing between leadership

and management: they overlap and you need both qualities.

But here is one difference that it makes sense to highlight:

leadership is needed for problems that do not have easy

answers. The big problems of the day are complex, rife

with paradoxes and dilemmas. For these problems there


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are no once-and-for-all answers.”

(Fullan, 2001, p. 2)

Leaders know in their gut that creativity and innovation are the lifeblood of their organization. New

ideas can lead to programs that are superior to those that are already going on or planned in the

organization and which would have been divested or never initiated had a better idea or program

come along. So, the mission of every leader should be to search continually for ideas and programs

that are superior to the ones the organization is currently committed to. In a word, it’s called

PROGRESS. But what can the leaders do to promote creativity and innovation? The most obvious

answer, short of hiring a new workforce, is to use management initiatives that create a work

environment that stimulates the existing staff to be more creative and innovative.

Creativity CAN Be Stimulated by LeadersThere are many who would challenge the implicit assumption that leaders can do anything to foster

creativity. They believe that creative leaders are born not made.

Transitioning Creativity to Innovation

To get a creative idea is one thing, but to get it transitioned into the innovation of a new product or

service requires other personal characteristics. Innovative people need the kind of mind-set that can

produce the succession of processes that lead to successful innovation, such as

1. generating the idea,

2. informing “significant others,”

3. “selling” the idea effectively,

4. planning the development process, and

5. overcoming constraints (time, money, relevance).

Even though an organization may have plenty of such people, management practices will determine

the extent to which these personal characteristics can be expressed. Technology transition is the

theme of a growing body of business literature, which we need not dwell on here.


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The Bottom Line Creativity and innovation are not mysterious forces over which leaders have no

control. Progressive leadership can and does create a climate that encourages creativity and

innovation. As we have reviewed here, there are many specific leadership initiatives, validated by the

success of certain high-tech companies, that enlightened leaders can take to stimulate creativity and

innovation in any work setting

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Documents

Creativity & Innovation notes_IV_Sem_2016.pdf