Creativity and Invention

7/29/2019 Creativity and Invention

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Creativity & Invention

Col Mukteshwar Prasad(Retd)


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Invention An invention is a unique or novel device, method, composition or process.

It may be an improvement upon a machine or product, or a new process forcreating an object or a result.

An invention that achieves a completely unique function or result may be a

radical breakthrough. Such works are

Novel and

not obvious to others skilled in the same field

Some inventions can be patented.

A Patent legally protects the intellectual property rights of the inventor and legally

recognizes that a claimed invention is actually an invention.

The rules and requirements for patenting an invention vary from country to

country, and the process of obtaining a patent is often expensive.

Another meaning of invention is cultural invention, which is an innovative set ofuseful social behaviors adopted by people and passed on to others.

Invention is also an important component of artistic and design creativity.

Inventions often extend the boundaries of human knowledge, experience or

capability.

Most effective Leaders are those who are self aware as well as sensitive to theexpectations of others. They express Emotional Intelligence
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_inventionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_behaviorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_behaviorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_inventionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine


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Practical means of invention The idea for an invention may be developed on paper or on a computer, by

writing or drawing, by

Trials and error

making models experimenting

testing and/or

by making the invention in its whole form.

Brainstorming also can spark new ideas for an invention. Collaborative creative processes are frequently used by designers, architects

and scientists.

Co-inventors are frequently named on patents.

In addition, many inventors keep records of their working process

notebooks, photos, etc.,

Example, include Leonardo Da Vinci, Thomas Jefferson and Albert Einstein.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventor%27s_notebookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventor%27s_notebookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventor%27s_notebookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventor%27s_notebook


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Practical means of invention..

In the process of developing an invention, the initial idea

may change.

The invention may become simpler, more practical, it

may expand, or it may even morphinto something

totally different.

Working on one invention can lead to others too.

History shows that turning the concept of an invention

into a working device is not always swift or direct.

Inventions may also become more useful after time

passes and other changes occur.

For example, the parachute became more useful oncepowered flight was a reality.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parachutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parachute


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Conceptual means

Invention is often a creative process.

An open and curious mind allows an inventor to see beyond what is known.Following can spark invention

Seeing a new possibility,

Connection or

relationship can spark an invention.

Inventive thinking involves combining concepts or elements from different realms that would not normally

be put together.

Sometimes inventors disregard the boundaries between distinctly separate

territories or fields.

Several concepts may be considered when thinking about invention.

Creativity refers to the invention or origination of any new thing (a product, solution,artwork, literary work, joke, etc.) that has value. "New" may refer to the individual

creator or the society or domain within which novelty occurs. "Valuable", similarly,

may be defined in a variety of ways
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_process


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Conceptual means

The range of scholarly interest in creativity includes a multitude of definitions and

approaches involving several disciplines;

Psychology

Cognitive science

Education

Philosophy(Particularly philosophy of science)

Technology

Theology

Sociology Linguistics

Business studies

Economics,

May be taking in the relationship between

creativity and general intelligence,

mental and neurological processes associated with creativity,

personality type and creative ability and

between creativity and mental health,

the potential for fostering creativity through education and training, especially as

augmented by technology, and

the application of creative resources to improve the effectiveness of learning and teachingprocesses.


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Conceptual means

"Over the course of the last decade, however, weseem to have reached a general agreement thatcreativity involves the production of novel, usefulproducts" (Michael Mumford )

Creativity can also be defined "as the process of

producing something that is both original andworthwhile.

What is produced can come in many forms and is not

specifically singled out in a subject or area.

Authors have diverged dramatically in their precise

definitions beyond these general commonalities Peter Meusburger reckons that over a hundred different

analyses can be found in the literature.


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Aspects of creativity

Theories of creativity (particularly investigation of why some people are more

creative than others) have focused on a variety of aspects and dominant factors

are usually identified as "the four Ps

process, A focus on processis shown in cognitive approaches that try to describe thought mechanisms

and techniques for creative thinking. Theory of creative process may be

Theories invoking divergent rather than convergent thinking or

those describing the staging of the creative process

product,

A focus on creative productusually appears in attempts to measure creativity (psychometrics)and

in creative ideas framed as successful memes.

The psychometric approach to creativity reveals that it also involves the ability to produce more.

person A focus on the nature of the creative personconsiders more general intellectual habits, such as

openness, levels of ideation, autonomy, expertise, exploratory behavior and so on.

Place. A focus on placeconsiders the circumstances in which creativity flourishes, such as

degrees of autonomy,

access to resources and

the nature of gatekeepers.

Creative lifestyles are characterized by nonconforming attitudes and behaviors as well asflexibility
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memeticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memetics


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Eight types of creative contribution

replication- confirming that the given field is in the correct place redefinition- the attempt to redefine where the field is and how it is

viewed

forward incrementation- a creative contribution that moves the field

forward in the direction in which it is already moving

advance forward movement- which advances the field past the pointwhere others are ready for it to go

redirection- which moves the field in a new, different direction

redirection from a point in the past- which moves the field back to a

previous point to advance in a different direction

starting over/ re-initiation- moving the field to a different starting point

- and integration

combining two or more diverse ways of thinking about the field into a

single way of thinking.


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Creativity techniques

Creativity techniques are methods that encourage creative actions, whether inthe arts or sciences. They focus on a variety of aspects of creativity,

techniques for idea generation and divergent thinking, methods of re-framing problems,

changes in the affective environment and so on.

They can be used as part of problem solving,

artistic expression, or therapy.

Some techniques require groups of two or more people while othertechniques can be accomplished alone.

These methods include word games,

written exercises and different types of improvisation,

or algorithms for approaching problems.

Aleatory techniques exploiting randomness are also common.

In short, aleatoricism is a way to introduce new thoughts or ideas into a creative

process.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divergent_thinkinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleatoricismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleatoricismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divergent_thinkinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativity


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Aleatoricism (Aleatory techniques)

Aleatoricism is the incorporation ofchance (random elements) into the

process of creation, especially the creation of art or media.

Aleatoricism is commonly found in music, art, and literature,

particularly in poetry.

In film,Andy Voda made a movie in 1979 called "Chance Chants"

which he produced by a flip of a coin, or roll of a dice.

In music, John Cage, an avant-garde musician, composed music by

superimposing star maps on blank sheet music, by rolling dice, and

by preparing open ended scores that depended on the spontaneous

decisions of the performers.

Other ways of practicing randomness include coin tossing, pickingsomething out of a hat, or selecting random words from a dictionary.

In short, aleatoricism is a way to introduce new thoughts or ideas into

a creative process.

I i i
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleatoricismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andy_Voda&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andy_Voda&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleatoricism


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Improvisation

Improvisation is a creative process which can be spoken, written, or composed

without prior preparation.

Improvisation, also called extemporization, can lead to the discovery of

new ways to act,

new patterns of thought and practices, or

new structures.

Improvisation is used in the creation of music, theater, and other various forms.

Many artists also use improvisational techniques to help their creative flow.

The following are two significant methods:

Improvisational theater is a form of theater in which actors use improvisationalacting techniques to perform spontaneously.

Many improvisational (improv) techniques are taught in standard drama classes.

The basic skills of considered important skills for actors to develop

listening, clarity,

confidence, and

performing instinctively and spontaneously
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Improvisationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Improvisation


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Improvisation.

Free improvisation is real-time composition. Musicians of all kindsimprovise (improv) music; such improvised music is not limited to a

particular genre. Two contemporary musicians that use free

improvisation areAnthony Braxton and Cecil Taylor. Through free

improvisation, musicians can develop increased spontaneity andfluency.[3]

Each type of improvisation improves the thinking and acting skills of the

actor, and this is done by using no practice. A similar set of techniques is

called alienationsince one of its many techniques uses actors that haven't

rehearsed or even read the play. Improvisation is an acting technique during

which actors make up a storyline, start and end on the spot, and try their

best to keep in character.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Braxtonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Taylorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativity_techniquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_alienationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_alienationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativity_techniquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Taylorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Braxton


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Problem solving

The random-word creativity technique

Perhaps the simplest method.

A person confronted with a problem is presented with a randomly generated

word, in the hopes of a solution arising from any associations between the word

and the problem.

A random image, sound, or article can be used instead of a random word as a

kind of creativity goad orprovocation
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/provocationhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/provocation


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6-3-5 Brainwriting

Also known as the 6-3-5 Method, or Method 635

A group creativity technique used in marketing,

advertising,

design,

writing and

product development originally developed by Professor Bernd Rohrbach in 1968.

Based on the concept ofBrainstorming,

The aim of 6-3-5 Brainwriting is to generate 108 new ideas in half an hour. In a

similar way to brainstorming, it is not the quality of ideas that matters but thequantity.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativity_techniquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainstorminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainstorminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativity_technique


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6-3-5 Brainwriting

The technique involves 6 participants who sit in agroup

Are supervised by a moderator.

Each participant thinks up 3 ideas every 5 minutes.

The ideas are written down on a worksheet and

passed on to the next participant. The participant reads the ideas and uses them as

inspiration for more ideas.

Participants are encouraged to draw on others'

ideas for inspiration, thus stimulating the creative

process. After 6 rounds in 30 minutes the group has thought

up a total of 108 ideas.

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Creativity and Invention