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Creative Personality At WorkCreative Personality At Work
Katya Stoycheva
Institute of Psychology, Academy of Sciences
Sofia, Bulgaria
CREATIVE PERSONALITY CREATIVE PERSONALITY AT WORKAT WORK
I. Research approaches to the study of creative personality
II. Findings on creative personality and work
III. Implications for creativity in the workplace
CREATIVE PERSONALITY CREATIVE PERSONALITY RESEARCHRESEARCH
The creative personHas creative achievements
The “could-be” creative person Has creative potential
The creative personalityHas creative personality
THE CREATIVE PERSONTHE CREATIVE PERSON
Selection of persons with creative achievements
Study of the personality of the creative achievers
Assessment of creative personality
Expert evaluation; Quantity and quality of creative achievements
Interviews; Observations; Ratings; Projective methods; Experiments; Standardized personality measures
Control group(s); Correlation with creativity criteria;
General population norms;
THE CREATIVE PERSONTHE CREATIVE PERSON
Recognized creators in human historyMeasures of eminence
Data from auto/biographies
Creatively achieving adolescents and adultsMeasures of creative achievements
Personality data
Individuals performing high on creative tasksEvaluation of the performance on experimental creative activities
Personality data
Recognized contemporary creators Evaluation of creative achievements
Personality data
THE CREATIVE PERSONTHE CREATIVE PERSON
The recognized creator: The recognized creator: a solution or a a solution or a problem?problem?
Objective, hence limited?
Levels of creativity
Replication of findings, non replication
of samples
THE “COULD - BE” CREATIVE PERSONTHE “COULD - BE” CREATIVE PERSON
Selection of persons with creative potential
Study of the personality of the potential creators
Assessment of the creative personality
Tests of creative ability
Interviews; Observations; Ratings; Projective methods; Experiments; Standardized personality measures
Control group(s); Correlation with creativity criteria;
General population norms
THE “COULD - BE” CREATIVE PERSONTHE “COULD - BE” CREATIVE PERSON
Tests of associative ability e.g. Remote Associates Test (RAT) by Mednick; tests of Wallach and Kogan
Other measures of creative production e.g. Test of drawing production TCT - DP by Jellen and Urban; percept-genetic test (CFT) by Smith et al.
Cognitive style measures e.g. Barron and Welsh Art Scale
Tests of creative thinking skills e.g. Guilford’s tests, Torrance tests of creative thinking
THE “COULD - BE” CREATIVE PERSONTHE “COULD - BE” CREATIVE PERSON
The creative potential: a fact or a fiction?
Predictive validity of tests of creative ability
Individual and societal differences in creativity
How much is enough in measuring creative
potential?
THE CREATIVE PERSONALITYTHE CREATIVE PERSONALITY
Definition of the creative personality
Development of new instruments for the study of the creative personality
Assessment of the creative personality
Based on theory or on empirical findings
Measuring creative personality traits and processes in different populations
Personality inventories, scales, questionnaires
THE CREATIVE PERSONALITYTHE CREATIVE PERSONALITY
Empirically derived measures
e.g. Adjective Check List: ACL Scales of Creative Personality
Scales of creative attitudes, interests,
preferences, values
Theory - based measures
e.g. Self-actualization measures
Torrance’s Creative motivation scale
THE CREATIVE PERSONALITYTHE CREATIVE PERSONALITY
A creative personality? Yes ! And then what?
Validity of the creative personality measures
Forms of creativity
Many facts, few findings - a challenge to theory
of personality and creativity research
CREATIVE PERSONALITY CREATIVE PERSONALITY AND WORKAND WORK
The notion of WORK relates to: individual’s effort and exertion
something that is done, made or accomplished through the agency of someone or something
builds and structures the creative personality is the inner working of the creative personality
WORK also:
being engaged in a specific activity
CREATIVE PERSONALITY CREATIVE PERSONALITY AND WORKAND WORK
Creative effort Creative effort
• sustained investment of much time and great effort
• exercise of creative talent
• difficult and challenging tasks
• task involvement
• enjoyment, giving up and recreation
CREATIVE PERSONALITY CREATIVE PERSONALITY AND WORKAND WORK
Creative activityCreative activity
• prefer artistic, intellectual, imaginative, innovative activity
• interest in the unusual and uncommon
• sensitivity to problems
• broad interests
• openness to experiences, novelty and change
CREATIVE PERSONALITY CREATIVE PERSONALITY AND WORKAND WORK
Agency in creative work Agency in creative work
• autonomy, independence, non-conformity
• drive, ambition and dominance
• take initiative and take risks
• self-confidence
• the ability to be alone and away from others
• sense of destiny
CREATIVE PERSONALITY CREATIVE PERSONALITY AND WORKAND WORK
Work and creative developmentWork and creative development
• builds one’s identity on creative work
• creative lives as work: phases of learning (B.Bloom),
commitment to work
• creative personality as creator’s best work:
complexity of self-organization
flexibility of self-regulation
CREATIVE PERSONALITY CREATIVE PERSONALITY AND WORKAND WORK
How creative personality works?How creative personality works?Example from personality research
TOLERANCE OF AMBIGUITY
* describes personality self-regulation
in ambiguous situations
* how individuals perceive, interpret and react
to ambiguous situations
Tolerance of Ambiguity: Studies
1. Relation to Gender, Age and Education
a) 147 men and 157 women aged 18 to 69
b) 392 high school students, 472 university students, 116 non-university youth aged 18 - 25
c) 60 university students and 53 non-university youth aged 18 - 25 (Glutnikova, 2000)
How creative personality works?How creative personality works?ExampleExample from personality researchfrom personality research
2. Family and School Influences
a) 303 high school students, aged 14 to 19, 52 of their teachers and 236 of their parents
Tolerance of Ambiguity: Studies
How creative personality works?How creative personality works?ExampleExample from personality researchfrom personality research
4. Relation to Vocational Preferences and Choice
a) 35 men and 87 women aged 18 to 62 (Komneva, 1999)
3. Relation to Personality
a) 55 High and 51 Low TA adolescents aged 15 - 18
b) 31 boys and 75 girls aged 14 to 19
c) 84 adults aged 20 to 35 (Lessenska, 2002)
Tolerance of Ambiguity and Creative Thinking
TA positively relates to intelligence,
generation of original ideas in verbal tasks,
generation of imaginative and abstract titles
to pictures in figural tasks
How creative personality works?How creative personality works?ExampleExample from personality researchfrom personality research
Tolerance of Ambiguity and Motivation for Creativity
How creative personality works?How creative personality works?ExampleExample from personality researchfrom personality research
Tolerance of Ambiguity
Creative Motivation
Need for Achievement
Tolerance of Ambiguity and Creative Vocation
TA positively relates to preferences for
occupations with high degree of
ambiguity and high degree of freedom
How creative personality works?How creative personality works?ExampleExample from personality researchfrom personality research
CREATIVE PERSONALITY CREATIVE PERSONALITY IN THE WORKPLACEIN THE WORKPLACE
KnowledgeKnowledge About creative personality
TechnologyTechnologyFor research and identification
TechniquesTechniques Psychological instruments and tools
What do we get from creative personality research ?
CREATIVE PERSONALITY CREATIVE PERSONALITY IN THE WORKPLACEIN THE WORKPLACE
To have a creator in the workplace
To develop the creative potential in the workplace
To promote creative personality in the workplace
CREATIVE PERSONALITY CREATIVE PERSONALITY IN THE WORKPLACEIN THE WORKPLACE
Have a creator in the workplace:
it is success but it is also a
burden
CREATIVE PERSONALITY CREATIVE PERSONALITY IN THE WORKPLACEIN THE WORKPLACE
Develop the creative potential
in the workplace: an advantage
that carries risks
CREATIVE PERSONALITY CREATIVE PERSONALITY IN THE WORKPLACEIN THE WORKPLACE
Promote creative personality in
the workplace: a challenge which
outcomes are uncertain