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Mongols Invade
Batu KhanRule for over 200 yearsCreated tributes to Tatar State
Low on $, cannot build
Ivan The Great
Ivan III 1480 CE
Refused to pay tributes
Created the Kremlin, filled cities with churches
Ivan The Terrible
Ivan IV 1533 CE
Began conquest & Colonialization of Siberia
“Reign of Terror”
First Czar (Supreme Ruler)
Romanov Dynasty1613 CERule for 304 years1698 CE- Peter the Great
Western Society- cut beards of nobles
Revolutionary Ideas -stronger military, expanded territory, developed trade with Western Europe
New Capital created St. Petersburg “A window into the West”
1760 CE- Catherine the GreatContinued Peter’s reforms
The Alexander's Czar Alexander II
Freed serfs in 1861, no education, moved to cities
Russification- made people convert, follow eastern orthodox Christianity, speech, persecutions
1891 Czar Alexander III Expansion into Siberia
Construction of Trans-Siberian RR
Completed 1916
Pre- Russian RevolutionOnly true autocracy left in
EuropeNo type of representative
political institutionsNicholas II -Tsar in 1884Divine RightBacklash of poverty and
RussificationRevolution broke out in 1905
Russian Revolution
Socialism- Belief of greater economic equality in society
Discontented working classVast majority of workers
concentrated in St. Petersburg and MoscowPoor peasants
No individual land ownership
Russian Revolution Cont.
Russia industrializedOn backs of the peasants
Military mutinies, social unrest, strikes
1905 Revolution: Middle ClassDuma
October ManifestoFundamental Law
Karl Marx
Communism Advocated public ownership
of all land
Classless Society
Equal sharing of wealth
Alexandra: The Power Behind the Throne
Husband a weak manCommitted more autocracy
than her husbandPogroms, politicians
murdered
Rasputin- Man behind AlexandraHealer, Alexandra’s right
hand
WWIStrikesCorrupt military leadership and
contempt for ordinary Russian people
Average peasant has very little invested in the War
WWI Cont.
Poorly supplied troopsResult: Chaos and
Disintegration of the Russian Army
Spreading Discontent
WWI Cont
Nicholas leaves for the Front—September, 1915
Alexandra and Rasputin throw the government into chaosaccused of treason
March Revolution
March Revolution
Food Riots and Strikes
Duma become provisional gov’t
March 17th Czar abdicated
All for Soviets
Vladimir Lenin
Founder of Bolshevism (Communist party)
Exiled to Siberia, moved to London
Once Provisional gov’t failed, swept in and took over
“Peace, Land, and Bread”
“All Power to the Soviets”
November Revolution: Red Army vs. White Army
Political Police organized: CHEKA
Revolutionary army created with Trotsky in charge
-- “Red Army”
Bolshevik Party renamed Communist Party in March of 1918
Fought against “White Army” the old guard
Bolsheviks Win 1922- creating Union of Soviet Socialist Republics USSR
Regain Land
Death of Lenin 1924- 3 strokes
Beginning of Stalin and Superpower
Creation of industrial giant
Controlled farms and factories
Millions killed, starved
WWII- created world power
Cold War- Nuclear weapons, propaganda, aid to countries