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Jim Boland P.E., CSWP Creating Animation with SolidWorks Motion Drivers

Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

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Page 1: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Jim Boland P.E., CSWP

Creating Animation with SolidWorks

Motion Drivers

Page 2: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

What Is Going To Be Covered?

• Basic principles of animations.

• Choosing the right type of Motion Study.

Animation, Basic Motion, or Motion Analysis

• Motion Drivers Physics

−Gravity

−Contact

−Springs

−Friction

−Damping

Motors

−Constant Speed

−Distance

−Oscillating

−Interpolated (2010) / Data Points (2011)

−Segment

−Expression

Keypoint

Animation Wizard

Mates

−Angle

−Distance

−Path

You’ve go to be very careful if you don’t know where you are going because you might not get there. -Yogi Berra

Page 3: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Presentation Goals

• Explore the different types of motion drivers available.

• Explore the different methods to create animations.

• Reduce frustration when creating animations

The tools and principles used are not rocket science.

The UI is similar to other video programs.

• Tools and Methodology

You can learn what the tools do from the Help menu, but not methodology.

Key is to know how to use the tools and what to do if it doesn’t work.

Methodology and multiple approaches.

Right Way vs. Wrong Way.

We made too many wrong mistakes. -Yogi Berra

Page 4: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Presentation Goals

Questions from the SolidWorks Forum

•Why aren’t in-context parts solved in Basic Motion?

•Why do parts overlap when using Contact?

•Why doesn’t contact stop motion driven by a motor?

•Why doesn’t my animation solve when I add a second or third motor?

•How do I animate a robot?

Page 5: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Learning Resources

• Tutorials

• SolidWorks User Forum

• Training classes

• Step-by-Step books

Page 6: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Audience Makeup

• SolidWorks Version

2011

2010

2009 or earlier

• Animation Experience

Beginner

Intermediate

Advanced

Page 7: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Important

We are creating

Animations

NOT

Analysis

Page 8: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

What is an Animation?

• We are creating movies

Series of still images played back in rapid sequence

Adjustable frame rates

We are in control, not the viewer

No CG animations

• What frame rate should you use?

Frame Rate Standards:Movies – 24 fps

TV – 30 fps

• What happens if the frame rate is too slow or too fast?

Frame Rate too slow – jerky motion

Frame Rate too fast – jerky motion

(OK, 29.97 for the purists)

Page 9: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

3 x 3

The 3 things you need to know

About

The 3 things you need to know

Page 10: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

The 3 X 3 Choices

• 3 - Motion Study Types

Animations

Basic Motion

Motion Analysis

• 3 - Motion Types

Kinematic

Dynamic

Free

• 3 - Things You Animate

Components

Properties

Viewpoint

Page 11: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Free Motion and Kinematic Motion

Page 12: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Dynamic Motion

Page 13: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

The Basic Rules of Motion Studies

• Mates are solved.

• Parts are rigid.

• Frame rates are adjustable in two places.

• Frame rate means something different in Basic Motion / SolidWorks Motion as compared to Animation studies.

Page 14: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Animations Motion Studies

Page 15: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Animation Motion Studies

How is the motion calculated?

Frame rate drives the solution

Components move directly from one position to the next

At time zero, take a picture

Move the drivers ahead one frame

Rebuild−Solve the mates

−Solve in-context features

Take another picture

Repeat

Page 16: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Basic Motion / SolidWorks Motion

• Used when:

• Physics need to be solved

Physical Properties

• Mass

• Gravity

• Forces

• Contact

• Momentum

• Friction

• Damping

Drivers:

• Gravity

• Motors

• Springs

• Contact

• Forces

• Dampers

• Friction

Page 17: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Basic Motion / SolidWorks Motion Studies

• How are Basic Motion/SolidWorks Motion studies solved?

You have to solve the physics of the model.

Numerical methods using small time steps.

Solvers.

Solver optimization.

• What does the frame rate do?

As far as the solution is concerned – NOTHING

Frame rate determines the intervals when the data is captured for display.

• Important: In-context features are not solved in either the Basic Motion or SolidWorks Motion study types.

Page 18: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Types of Motion Drivers

• Key Points

• Mates

• Motors

• Gravity

• Springs

• Contact

• Force

• Damper

Page 19: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Features

X = Available Function

L = Limit Functionality

Page 20: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Keypoint Animations

• Basic Workflow

Position the Timebar

Position the driving components

Position the viewpoint

Adjust Properties

Record the Keypoint (automatic or manual)

Repeat

Page 21: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Remove the Nut and Bolt

01

Page 22: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Exploded View

• Exploded Views provide a simple method to create a lot of motion.

Create exploded views in SolidWorks

Import into Motion Study using the Animation Wizard

02

Page 23: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Interpolation Methods

Snap

Ease In

Linear

Ease Out

Ease In/Ease Out

02

Page 24: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Mates

• Global vs. Local Mates

• Driving Mates

• Distance Mate

• Angle Mate

• Path Mate

• Driven Mates

• Use Standard Mates with Basic Motion

• Avoid Width mate

• Screw mate for rotation with translation

• Mate Organization

• Mate Order

• Mate Names

• Use Folders

• Sub-assemblies

Page 25: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Mates – The Good, The Bad and the Ugly

• The Good

• Easy to use

• The Bad

• Some mates don’t work (or work well) in animations (Width mate)

• Some mates don’t solve all options (Path mate)

• Some mates better for SolidWorks Motion, others better for Basic Motion

• The Ugly

• Mates sometimes flip unexpectedly and inconsistently

• Problems with sub-assemblies

Page 26: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Mates

• Distance Mate

• Avoid changes in direction and alignment

• Can be done but sometimes solve incorrectly

• Replace global mate with a local mate specifically for the animation

• Angle Mate

• The 100/360 Rule

• Path Mate

• Free

• Distance

• Percent

01

Page 27: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Path Mates

03

Page 28: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

The 100/360 Rule

• When using degrees: 0 and 360 are 360 degrees apart

0 and 360 are not the same.

You cannot use angles >360 degrees

• When using percent: 0 and 100% are 100 percent apart

0% and 100% are not the same

You cannot input values greater than 100%

• Difference between keypoints and mates

at these values

04

Page 29: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

When an Animation does not solve

If at first you don’t succeed -

Try, try againGive up, why be hard headedTry a different method

When you come to a fork in the road, take it……

- Yogi Berra

Page 30: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Motors

• Motor Types

• Rotary

• Linear

• Motion

• On/Off

• Constant Speed

• Distance

• Interpolated/Data Point

• Segment

• Expression

• Oscillating

• Servo Motor

Page 31: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Motor Facts

• Important: motor force is infinite

• Motors can be used as mates. (Reduces redundancies)

• Motors can have problems across mates

• Must define three things:

What is the motor acting on

What direction is the motor acting

What is the motor moving relative to

• When motors don’t work, the most likely cause is a conflict between motors

Page 32: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Robot

• There are seven motion drivers required

• 6 rotary

• 1 linear

Page 33: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Motors

• Distance Motor

• Angle or Distance

• How far

• Start

• Duration

• Graph

(no instantaneous change)

Page 34: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Motors

• Constant Speed Motors

• “ON” time

• Speed

• Smooth transitions

Page 35: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Motors

05

Page 36: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Interpolated Motor (2010)

Linear

Akima

Cubic

Page 37: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Function Builder

• Used to define the motion by:

Segments

Data Points

Expressions

• Different data interpolation methods

• Provides plots:

Distance

Velocity

Acceleration

Jerk

Page 38: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Data Points (2011)

• Input

• Type in the box

• Text file

• Values

Displacement

Velocity

Acceleration

• Interpolation

Linear

Akima

Cubic

Page 39: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Segments (2011)

• Another way to define curve

• Piecewise continuous

• More interpolation types

• Interpolation defined by segment

Page 40: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Expression

• Predefined functions

Mathematical Functions

Variables and Constants

Motion Study results

• Functions can be saved and reused (*.sldfnc)

Page 41: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Motors

Expression Motion

•Only variable in Animations & Basic Motion is Time

•Can use most VB functions

•There are three forms of time (2010)

• Linear - TIME

• Radians - TIMER

• Degrees - TIMED

•SolidWorks Motion can use other variables

Allowable Functions

ABS ACOS AINT ASIN

ATAN ATAN2 COS COSH

DIM EXP LOG LOG10

MAX MIN MOD SIGN

SIN SINH SQRT STEP

TAN TANH DTOR PI

RTOD TIME IF

Important: In 2010, distance units are Meters, in 2011 distance units are the document units.

05a

Page 42: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

The Problem

13

5m

m

20

0m

m

85m

m

35

mm

50m

m

24

mm

Page 43: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

The Problem

Page 44: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Desired Video

Page 45: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Camera Lens Equation

• View Angle α = 2 * atan (d/2f)

• For lenses longer than 50mm α = d/f

07

Page 46: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Gravity

• Used in Basic Motion and SolidWorks Motion

• Magnitude error in Basic Motion 2009 and earlier

• Gravity does NOT have to be realistic in an animation, only in analysis

Page 47: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Contact

• Basic Motion and SolidWorks Motion only

• Contact Groups• Friction• Contact Resolution• Contact Accuracy• Differences between Basic

Motion and SolidWorks Motion

Page 48: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Spring

• Used in Basic Motion and SolidWorks Motion

• Spring only shows during calculation

• Spring Constant

• F=kxe

• Linear only in Basic Motion

• Powers of up to ± 4 in SolidWorks Motion

• Error in Basic Motion by one order of magnitude

• Spring damping

• Global in Basic Motion

• Adjustable in SolidWorks Motion

Page 49: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Problem

• What type of Motion Study?

• Animation

• Basic Motion

• Motion Analysis

• Basic Motion

• Spring

• Gravity

Page 50: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Other Solutions

• Oscillating Motor

• Easy to set up

• No damping

• Expression Motor

• Can make the motion anything you like

• Distance = Decay function x Amplitude x Sin (Time)

Page 51: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Combined Curves

Page 52: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Contact and Spring

• Spring for animation vs. spring for visual animation

• Contact properties• Contact Resolution• Contact Accuracy

• Best Method ?????• Animation• Basic Motion • SolidWorks Motion

Page 53: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Friction

• Used in Basic Motion and SolidWorks Motion

• In Basic Motion, friction is determined by material.

• In SolidWorks Motion, friction can be applied at:

• Joints

• Contact

Page 54: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Damping

• Only available in SolidWorks Motion

• Different from spring damping

Page 55: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Force

• Only available in SolidWorks Motion

• Options are similar to those used for motors

• Constant

• Interpolated

• Expression

Page 56: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

The Laws of Animations

• Remember: You are creating an animation, not doing an analysis.

• The Law of Simplicity

• The best solution is most often the simplest solution

• KISS principle

• The Law of Diminishing Returns

At some point, more and more effort is required for smaller and smaller improvements

Page 57: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

Questions

Page 58: Creating Motion in SolidWorks-Motion Drivers

The End