Creating an Oracle Database

Considerations before creating a DB

Planning for Database Creation– Select the standard database block size.– Use an undo tablespace to manage your undo

records– Develop a backup and recovery strategy to

protect the database from failure– Familiarize yourself with the principles and

options of starting up and shutting down an instance and mounting and opening a database.

Considerations before creating a DB

Deciding How to Create an Oracle Database• Creating information structures, including the

data dictionary, that Oracle requires to access and use the database

• Creating and initializing the control files and redo log files for the database

• Creating new datafiles or erasing data that existed in previous datafiles

• Use the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA).

• Create the database manually from a script.

Planning Database File Locations• Keep at least two active copies of a

database control file on at least two different devices.

• Multiplex the redo log files and put group members on different disks.

• Separate data files whose data:– Will participate in disk resource contention

across different physical disk resources– Have different life spans– Have different administrative characteristics

Creating a Database Using DBCA

• Selecting the Template

• Including Datafiles

• Specifying Global Database Name and Database Features

• Specifying Database Features

• Specifying Mode, Initialization Parameters, and Datafiles

Manually creating an Oracle DB• Step 1: Decide on Your Instance Identifier (SID)• Step 2: Establish the Database Administrator Authentication

Method• Step 3: Create the Initialization Parameter File• Step 4: Connect to the Instance• Step 5: Start the Instance.• Step 6: Issue the CREATE DATABASE Statement• Step 7: Create Additional Tablespaces• Step 8: Run Scripts to Build Data Dictionary Views• Step 9: Run Scripts to Install Additional Options (Optional)• Step 10: Create a Server Parameter File (Recommended)• Step 11: Back Up the Database.

Create Database

• CREATE DATABASE [ database ] { USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY password | USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY password | CONTROLFILE REUSE | MAXDATAFILES integer | MAXINSTANCES integer | CHARACTER SET charset | NATIONAL CHARACTER SET charset | SET DEFAULT { BIGFILE | SMALLFILE } TABLESPACE | database_logging_clauses | tablespace_clauses | set_time_zone_clause }... ;

Database Logging Clauses

• { LOGFILE [ GROUP integer ] file_specification [, [ GROUP integer ] file_specification ]... | MAXLOGFILES integer | MAXLOGMEMBERS integer | MAXLOGHISTORY integer | { ARCHIVELOG | NOARCHIVELOG } | FORCE LOGGING }

Tablespace Clauses

• { EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL | DATAFILE file_specification [, file_specification ]... | SYSAUX DATAFILE file_specification [, file_specification ]... | default_tablespace | default_temp_tablespace | undo_tablespace }

Tablespace Clauses

Default Tablespace

• DEFAULT TABLESPACE tablespace [ DATAFILE datafile_tempfile_spec ] extent_management_clause

Extent Managment Clause

• EXTENT MANAGEMENT { DICTIONARY | LOCAL [ AUTOALLOCATE | UNIFORM [ SIZE size_clause ] ] }

Database creations are of three types:

• Copy an existing database and delete the old database.

• Copy an existing database and keep the old database.

• Create a new database when no database exists on your system.

Considerations before creating a DB

Planning for Database Creation– Plan the database tables and indexes and

estimate the amount of space they will require.– Plan the layout of the underlying operating

system files that are to comprise your database.– Select the global database name, DB_NAME,

DB_DOMAIN– Familiarize yourself with the initialization

parameters– Select the database character set.– Consider what time zones your database must

support.

Creating Directories

Exporting an Existing Database

C:\> exp SYSTEM/password

FILE=myexp.dmp

FULL=y LOG=myexp.log

C:\> set ORACLE_SID=orcl

C:\> exp SYSTEM/password FILE=myexp.dmp FULL=y LOG=myexp.log

Deleting Database Files

1. Shut down starter database orcl at the command prompt:

C:\> oradim -SHUTDOWN -SID orcl -USRPWD password -SHUTTYPE inst -SHUTMODE i

Deleting Database Files

2. Delete the following database files located in directory

C:\oracle\oradata\orcl:

Modifying the Initialization Parameter File

• Copy:C:\ORACLE_BASE\admin\orcl\pfile\init.ora

• toC:\ORACLE_BASE\admin\prod\pfile\init.ora

-------------------------------------------------------------------• initsmpl.ora• ORACLE_BASE\ORACLE_HOME\admin\sample\pfile

Creating and Starting an Oracle Service

• You are required to create and start an Oracle service only if you do one of the following:– Copy an existing database to a new database

and keep the old database– Create a new database when you have no other

database to copy

Using ORADIM Utility to Administer an Oracle

Instance

Nos conectamos a la instancia creada:- sqlplus “/ as sysdba”- startup nomount pfile=d:\oracle\admin\prod\pfile\init.ora

Putting the CREATE DATABASE Statement in a Script

Running the CREATE DATABASE Script

1. Verify that the service is started in the Control Panel.

Check Status with: C:\> net START

List services: C:\> net START OracleServicePROD

2. Make PROD the current SID:• C:\> set ORACLE_SID=PROD

Running the CREATE DATABASE Script

3. Start SQL*Plus from the command prompt, and connect to the database as SYSDBA

C:\> sqlplus / NOLOG

SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA

4. Turn on spooling to save messages:

SQL> SPOOL script_name.log

5. Run script script_name.sql that you created

SQL> @C:\oracle\ora92\rdbms\admin\script_name.sql;

1. Crear los directorios:– d:\oracle\admin\cg4

– d:\oracle\admin\cg4\bdump

– d:\oracle\admin\cg4\pfile

– d:\oracle\admin\cg4\udump

– d:\oracle\oradata\cg4

2. Copiar init.ora y editarlo con las nuevas rutas

3. Crear instancia:– ORADIM -NEW -SID cg4 -INTPWD cg4 -STARTMODE manual -PFILE "d:\oracle\admin\cg4\pfile\

init.ora"

4. Establecer la bd a trabajar:– Set ORACLE_SID = cg4

5. Conectarse al SQLPLUS– Sqlplus "/ as sysdba"

6. Levantar la BD no montada con el pfile init.ora– Startup nomount pfile=d:\oracle\admin\cg4\pfile\init.ora

7. Crear Script de CREATE_DATABASE

CREATE DATABASE cg4

USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY dba

USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY manager

Maxinstances 1

Maxloghistory 1

Maxlogfiles 10

Maxdatafiles 100

LOGFILE group 1 ('d:\oracle\oradata\cg4\redolog1a.dbf',

'd:\oracle\oradata\cg4\redolog1b.dbf') SIZE 10M,

group 2 ('d:\oracle\oradata\cg4\redolog2a.dbf',

'd:\oracle\oradata\cg4\redolog2b.dbf' ) SIZE 10M,

group 3 ('d:\oracle\oradata\cg4\redolog3a.dbf',

'd:\oracle\oradata\cg4\redolog3b.dbf' ) SIZE 10M

DATAFILE 'd:\oracle\oradata\cg4\system01.dbf' SIZE 200M

CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1

national character set utf8

EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL

sysaux datafile 'd:\oracle\oradata\cg4\sysaux01.dbf' size 50M autoextend on next 16M maxsize unlimited

undo tablespace UNDOTBS1

datafile 'd:\oracle\oradata\cg4\UNDOTBS1.dbf'

size 50M

DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1

TEMPFILE 'd:\oracle\oradata\cg4\temp01.dbf'

SIZE 20M REUSE

/

8. Ejecutar scripts de catalogos y diccionario de datos

ORACLE_HOME\rdbms\admin

START d:\oracle\ora92\rdbms\admin\CATALOG.sql

START d:\oracle\ora92\rdbms\admin\CATPROC.sql

START d:\oracle\ora92\rdbms\admin\catexp.sql