CREATING A PRO/ENGINEER DRAWING

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C H A P T E R

8CREATING A PRO/ENGINEER DRAWING

INTRODUCTION

Drawing mode is used to produce detailed engineer drawings of parts and assemblies. Draw-ing mode has the capability to produce orthographic views to include section views andauxiliary views. This chapter introduces the fundamentals behind drawing mode and how toproduce an annotated multiview drawing. Upon finishing this chapter, you will be able to

• Create orthographic views of an existing model within Drawing model.

• Setup, retrieve, and create sheet formats.

• Manipulate the settings of a drawing by changing Drawing Setup file options.

• Create a detailed view of a model.

• Apply parametric and nonparametric dimensions to a drawing.

• Show and erase entities such as geometric tolerances, centerlines, and datums.

• Create notes on a drawing, including notes with leaders and balloon notes.

• Create a table on a drawing.

DEFINITIONS

Associative dimension A parametric dimension that is available for viewing and/or modificationin multiple modules of Pro/ENGINEER.

Drawing setup file A text file used to establish many of drawing mode’s default settings. As anexample, the default text height for a drawing is set in the drawing setup file.

Format A Pro/ENGINEER module used to create drawing borders and title blocks. Formats canbe added to a Pro/ENGINEER drawing.

Multiview drawing The use of multiple orthographic views to display and communicate anengineering design graphically.

Nonparametric dimension A dimension created in drawing mode that is not used to construct apart or assembly. Nonparametric dimension values cannot be modified.

Parametric dimension A dimension that is used to define a part or assembly feature. Parametricdimensions can be modified or redefined.

DRAWING FUNDAMENTALS

Pro/ENGINEER is a fully integrated and associative engineer design package. Being an in-tegrated package, an array of design, engineering, and manufacturing tools is available.

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Components of a design can be modeled within part mode, grouped in assembly mode,simulated and tested in Pro/MECHANICA, and machining code developed in manufactur-ing mode (Pro/NC). The two-directional associativity that exists between modes allowschanges made in one mode to be reflected in another. Combined within a strong computernetwork system, a true paperless manufacturing environment can be established.

Two-dimensional orthographic drawings were once considered one of the initial stepsof the design process. A traditional approach to engineering design might require engi-neering drawings to be produced first, followed by engineering analysis and ComputerNumerical Control (CNC) code production. With Pro/ENGINEER, engineering drawingsare considered “downstream” applications that occur after part modeling and analysis.

Pro/ENGINEER’s basic package provides a module for creating orthographic draw-ings (see Figure 8–1). Within drawing mode, detailed multiview drawings can be createdfrom existing models. Dimensions used to create a part (referred to as parametric dimen-sions) can be revealed in drawing mode to document a design. Parametric dimension val-ues can be modified in drawing mode with the changes reflected in other modules ofPro/ENGINEER. Options are available for creating section views, detailed views, andauxiliary views. There are options for creating notes, leaders, nonparametric dimensions,and tables. Additionally, within drawing mode is a variety of two-dimension draftingtools.

Drawing mode can be used to create detailed drawings from existing parts and assem-blies. When creating a new drawing, Pro/ENGINEER provides an option for selecting themodel from which to create the drawing. Also, additional models can be added to a draw-ing from within drawing mode. Multiple views of a model can be added to a drawing andannotations applied. Pro/ENGINEER provides existing sheet formats (i.e., A, B, C, and D)with detailed title blocks and borders. Format mode can be used to create additional sheetformats.

DRAWING SETUP FILE

Drawing mode uses drawing setup files (DTL) to control the appearance of drawings.Pro/ENGINEER comes with default settings for a variety of drawing parameter options.

282 Drawing Setup File

Figure 8–1 A Pro/ENGINEER drawing

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CHAPTER 8 • Creating a Pro/ENGINEER Drawing 283

Table 8–1 Common drawing setup file options

Option/Description Default Value (Optional Value)

crossec_arrow_length 0.1875Controls the length of cutting-plane line arrowheads.crossec_arrow_width .06250Controls the width of cutting-plane line arrowheads.dim_leader_length 0.5000Controls the length of a dimension line when the dimension-

line arrowheads fall outside of the extension lines.draw_arrow_length 0.1875Sets the length of dimension arrowheads.draw_arrow_style closedSets the arrowhead style. (open or filled)draw_arrow_width 0.0625Sets the width of dimension arrowheads.drawing_text_height 0.15625Sets the height of text in a drawing.drawing_units inchSets units for a drawing. (foot, mm, cm, or m)gtol_datums std_ansiSets the display of geometric tolerance datum symbols. (std_iso, std_jis, or std_ansi_mm)leader_elbow_length 0.2500Sets the length of a leader’s elbow.radial_pattern_axis_circle noControls the display of rotational pattern features. Set to (yes)

yes to produce a bolt-circle centerline.text_orientation horizontalSets the orientation of dimension text. (parallel or parallel_diam_horiz)text_width_factor 0.8000Sets the width factor for text. (.25 through 8)tol_display noSets the display of tolerance values. (yes)

Examples of parameters include text height, arrowhead size, arrowhead style, tolerancedisplay, and drawing units. Default values can be changed permanently or set for individ-ual drawings. Multiple drawing setup files can be created and stored for later use. Drawingsetup files have the file extension *.dtl.

ADVANCED >> DRAW SETUP >> MODIFY VAL

New DTL files are created with the Advanced >> Set Up >> Draw Setup >> Createoption. The configuration file option drawing_setup_file can be used to establish a spe-cific DTL file. If this option is not set, Pro/ENGINEER uses the default DTL file. Tochange the DTL file, select the Draw Setup >> Retrieve option from the DTL Setupmenu. The configuration file option pro_dtl_setup_dir can be used to set the directorythat Pro/ENGINEER searches for DTL files. The Draw Setup >> Modify Val option isused to change an individual drawing’s DTL values. To change the values permanently,use the Draw Setup >> Save option.

Table 8–1 provides a list of common DTL file options with default values.

SHEET FORMATS

A format is an overlay for a Pro/ENGINEER drawing. It can include a border, title block,notes, tables, and graphics. A sheet format has the file extension *.frm. Pro/ENGINEERprovides a variety of predefined standard formats for use with ANSI and ISO sheet sizes

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284 Sheet Formats

(i.e., A, B, C, and D size sheets). These standard formats can be modified to produce a cus-tomized format. Additionally, Pro/ENGINEER’s format mode can be used to create a newsheet format. Figure 8–2 shows an example of an A size sheet format. A library of standardsheets can be created. The configuration file option pro_format_dir can be used to specifythe directory path where standard sheets are stored.

MODIFYING FORMATS

An existing sheet format can be modified to create a customized format. Pro/ENGINEER’sexisting formats are located in the Format directory under the Pro/ENGINEER’s programdirectory. Perform the following steps to modify an existing format:

STEP 1: Start Pro/ENGINEER.

STEP 2: Select FILE >> OPEN.

A drawing format can be opened from most modes of Pro/ENGINEER.

STEP 3: Locate and Open the format to modify.

Manipulate the Look In directory structure under the File Open dialog box tolocate the format to open. On the dialog box, the file Type option can bechanged to display only Format files.

STEP 4: Use available sketch creation and modification tools to modify theformat.

INSTRUCTIONAL NOTE See the sections on “Two-Dimensional Drafting” and “Modifying a Draw-ing” found later in this chapter for information on creating and modifying a sketch.

Drawing mode provides a variety of tools for creating two-dimensionaldrawings. Options are available for creating lines, arcs, circles, splines, andellipses. Construction options such as copy, mirror, intersect, trim, and offsetare also available.

STEP 5: Select the SAVE option from the File menu.

CREATING FORMATS

Formats can be created from scratch. Format mode is the Pro/ENGINEER foundationmodule used for the creation of standard sheet formats. Sketching tools such as line, circle,arc, and note can be used to create the format section. A new format object can be createdusing the File >> New option. When a new format is initially created, Pro/ENGINEERreveals the New Format dialog box (Figure 8–3). The following options exist on this dialogbox:

SPECIFY SHEET

The Specify Sheet option allows for the selection of a standard sheet size (e.g., A, B,C, etc.). This option also allows for the retrieval of an existing format.

ORIENTATION

The Orientation option is available concurrently with the Set Size option. This optionallows for the selection of a portrait, landscape, or variable sheet orientation.

SIZE

The Size option is available concurrently with the Set Size option. This optionallows for the selection of a standard sheet size or for the selection of a user-definedsheet size. User-defined sheet sizes can be established using inches or millimeters.

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Figure 8–3 New Format dialog boxFigure 8–2 ANSI A size format and title block

CREATING A NEW DRAWING

The Drawing mode option from the New dialog box is used to create new drawings. WhenDrawing mode is selected and a file name entered, Pro/ENGINEER introduces the NewDrawing dialog box (Figure 8–4). If a part or assembly is currently active in session mem-ory, Pro/ENGINEER defaults to this part or assembly as the model from which to createthe drawing. An option is available for browsing to find other existing models. The NewDrawing dialog box provides the option for specifying a standard sheet size or for retriev-ing an existing format.

Three types of items can be added to a drawing: formats, 2D draft entities, and modelviews. Formats are placed in a drawing using Sheets >> Format >> Add/Replace. Pro/ENGINEER provides an Open dialog box for browsing to find an appropriate format. TheDetail >> Sketch option allows for the creation of 2D draft entities. Other options are avail-able for adding dimensions and notes. Model views can be added to a drawing with the View>> Add option. General, section, projected, auxiliary, revolved, and detail views can be added.

The following instructions show step by step how to create a new drawing. Several op-tions are available that can vary the method for creating a new drawing. This processallows for the creation of a new drawing without specifying a standard sheet size from theNew Drawing dialog box.

STEP 1: Select FILE >> NEW.

STEP 2: Select Drawing mode from the New dialog box, enter a name for the newdrawing then select OK.

STEP 3: On the New Drawing dialog box, locate the OPTIONAL DEFAULTMODEL from which to create the drawing.

Pro/ENGINEER defaults to the current active model. You can use the Browseoption to search for any existing object.

STEP 4: Select the SET SIZE button from the Specify Sheet option.

The Set Size button is selected by default. This option requires defining a

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sheet size and orientation. The Retrieve Format option allows for the selectionof an existing format. Due to this, the Retrieve Format option does not requirethe selection of a sheet size or orientation.

STEP 5: Select a sheet ORIENTATION and a sheet SIZE; then select OK.

The Set Size option requires selecting a sheet orientation and size. A portrait,landscape, or variable orientation is available. Standard sheet sizes and user-defined sheets sizes are also available.

DRAWING VIEWS

Pro/ENGINEER’s drawing mode provides options for creating a variety of orthographicviews to include section views, auxiliary views, detailed views, revolved views, brokenviews, and partial views. As many views as necessary to describe a model fully can be addedto a drawing sheet. Once inserted into a drawing, parameters associated with the model, toinclude dimension values, can be created. Views are also fully associated. This allows anymodel changes made in a drawing to be reflected in the part or assembly model. Addition-ally, changes in one view of a drawing reflects accordingly in all views of the model.

THE VIEWS MENU

The Views menu option is used to create views of an existing Pro/ENGINEER model(Figure 8–5). The Views menu has options for manipulating and modifying existing views.The following menu options are available:

286 Drawing Views

Figure 8–4 New Drawing dialog box

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ADD VIEW

The Add View option is used to create new views. The first view created must be aGeneral view. From a General view, other views of the model can be added.

MOVE VIEW

The Move View option is used to move views on the work screen. When placing aview, Pro/ENGINEER requests a center point for the drawing view. The view is setinitially at this location. The Move View option can be used to reposition this or anyother view.

MODIFY VIEW

The View Modify menu option provides a variety of tools for modifying a view(Figure 8–6). The following is a partial list of the available options:

• View type The View Type option is available to change the type of view. As anexample, a Projection view can be changed to a General or Auxiliary view.

• Change scale This option is used to change the scale of a nonchild view. Theview cannot be a child view of another view, and the view must have been insertedwith a specific, user-defined scale value.

• View name Pro/ENGINEER provides each view with a unique name. This optionis used to rename a view.

• Reorient When inserting a view, Pro/ENGINEER provides the option of orientingthe view. As an example, a view can be oriented to allow for a proper front-viewvantage point. The Reorient option allows this orientation to be changed.

• X-Section This option allows a cross section to be replaced.

• Z-Clipping The Z-clipping option allows for the exclusion of all graphics on aview behind a selected plane. This option is advantageous for views withbackground graphics that can clutter the drawing.

ERASE VIEW

By erasing a view, you can temporarily remove it from the drawing screen. Erasinga view removes it from the regeneration but does not affect any other view,including child views. To return a view to the drawing screen, use the ResumeView option.

DELETE VIEW

The Delete View option permanently removes a view from the drawing. Views thatare parents of other views cannot be deleted.

RELATE VIEW

The Relate View option is used to assign draft entities to a selected view. As anexample, a note might be placed into a drawing using the Create >> Note option.This note can be assigned to a specific view with the Relate View option.

DISPLAY MODE

This menu option is used to modify the display of a selected view. The followingoptions are available:

• View display This option is used to change the display of lines on a drawing view.A view’s hidden lines can be specified as wireframe, hidden, or no hidden.Additionally, tangent edge lines can be specified to display as a solid line, acenterline, a phantom line, a dimmed line, or no display.

• Edge display The Edge Display option is similar to the View Display option.With the Edge Display option, individual hidden or tangent edges can be changed.


Figure 8–5 View menu

Figure 8–6 View Modifymenu

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288 Drawing Views

Figure 8–7 Orientation dialog box

• Member display This option is used to control the display of assembly views.

DRAWING MODELS

Multiple models can be accessed within one drawing. The Dwg Models optionallows additional models to be added to the current drawing. The Set option allows aspecific model to be set as the active model in the drawing.

VIEW TYPES

Pro/ENGINEER provides a variety of view types to serve the documentation needs of amodel. The following is a list of the available types:

GENERAL VIEWS

The general view provides the basic view type. It is required as the first view placedinto a drawing and is used by other types as a parent view. General views require auser-defined orientation. A general view is first placed into a drawing using Pro/ENGINEER’s current default view orientation. The Orientation dialog box(Figure 8–7) is used to orient the view to match orthographic view projectionrequirements. In Figure 8–8, the front view of the object was inserted as a general view.

PROJECTION VIEWS

The projection view is an orthographic projection from a general view or from anexisting view. Projection views follow normal lines of projection according toconventional drafting standards. As an example, a projection view is used to create aright-side view off an existing front view. Projection views become child views ofthe view from which they are projected. In Figure 8–8, the top and right-side viewswere created as projection views.

AUXILIARY VIEWS

Auxiliary views are used to project a view when normal lines of projection will notwork. They are used to show the true size of a surface that cannot be shown from one

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of the six primary views. Auxiliary views are projected from a selected edge or axis.The auxiliary view shown in Figure 8–8 is projected off the front view.

DETAILED VIEWS

Often, features are too small to describe fully with a standard projection view. Insuch a case, it is common practice to enlarge portions of a drawing to allow for moreaccurate detailing. Figure 8–8 shows an example of a detailed view.

REVOLVED VIEWS

Revolved views are used to show the cross section of a part or feature. A crosssection is required and can be retrieved or constructed from within the Revolveoption. Once selected, the cross section is revolved 90 degrees from the cuttingplane. A revolved view can be either a full view or a partial view.

VIEW VISIBILITIES

In addition to view types such as general, projection, and auxiliary, drawing mode providesthe option of controlling the visibility of selected portions of a view. The following viewvisibility options are available:

HALF VIEWS

Often, it is not necessary to show an entire model in a view. A good example is asymmetrical object. Half views remove the portion of a model on one side of a


Figure 8–8 View examples

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selected datum plane or planar surface. Figure 8–9 shows an example of a half view.Half views can be used with general, projection, and auxiliary views only.

PARTIAL VIEWS

It is not necessary to document an entire view when only a small portion of a featureneeds to be detailed. The partial view option allows a selected small portion of aview to be created. The area to be revealed is enclosed in a sketched spline.Figure 8–9 shows an example of a partial section view. Unlike detailed views, partialviews must follow normal lines of projection. Partial views can be used with general,projection, and auxiliary views only.

BROKEN VIEWS

As with partial and half views, in many views, it is not necessary to show the entireobject. As shown in Figure 8–9, broken views are used often with long, consistentcross sections. With a broken view, multiple horizontal or vertical breaks can be usedif necessary. The Drawing Setup File option broken_view_offset is used to set theoffset distance between portions of a view. The Move View option can be used tomove a portion of a broken view.

SINGLE-SURFACE VIEWS

A single-surface view is a projection of an individual part surface. They may be usedwith any view type except detailed and revolved. When creating a single-surfaceview, only the selected surface is revealed. The Of Surface option is used to create asingle-surface view.

MULTIPLE MODELS

When starting a new drawing, Pro/ENGINEER provides the option of selecting a model(part or assembly) from which to create the drawing. Using the Views >> Add View op-tion, views can be created of this model. Pro/ENGINEER also provides an option foradding additional models to a drawing. By having multiple models associated with a draw-ing, multiple models can be detailed on the same drawing sheet.

A model has to be added to a drawing before a view of the model can be created.To add a new model to a drawing, use the Views >> Dwg Models >> Add Model op-tion. When a model is added to a drawing, it becomes the current model. To set anothermodel current, use the Set Model option. To delete a model from a drawing, use the DelModel option.

290 Multiple Models

FULL VIEW BROKEN VIEW HALF VIEW

PARTIAL SECTION VIEW

Figure 8–9 View types

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CREATING A GENERAL VIEW

Views are created with the Views >> Add View menu option. Options are available for se-lecting a view type, a view visibility, and a scale. Additionally, a section view of a modelcan be specified. By default, when no views exist in a drawing, general is the only viewtype available. After a general view has been added to the drawing, projection becomes thedefault view type. Perform the following steps to add a full nonsectioned general view to adrawing:

STEP 1: Select VIEWS >> ADD VIEW.

STEP 2: Select GENERAL as the View Type to add.

Other options include projection, auxiliary, detailed, and revolved.

STEP 3: Select FULL VIEW as the view visibility.

Alternately to a standard full view, a half, partial, or broken view can becreated for a part drawing. For assembly drawings, an additional option forcreating an exploded view is available.

STEP 4: Select NoXsec as the Cross Section type.

The following section options are available: Section, NoXsec, and Of Surface.The Section option is used to create a section view of a model while the OfSurface option is used to create a single-surface view. For views without asection, use the NoXsec option.

STEP 5: Select SCALE >> DONE.

This option is available for General and Detailed views only. The Scale optionallows for a user-specified scale for the view. The No Scale option fits theview based on the size of the model. The configuration file optiondefault_draw_scale is used to set a default initial scale factor.

STEP 6: On the Work Screen, select a location for the view.

After selecting the location, the view will be placed with the default vieworientation.

STEP 7: Enter a scale factor for the view.

STEP 8: Orient the model using the Orientation dialog box.

The Orientation dialog box (Figure 8–7) requires the selection of twoperpendicular, planar surfaces or datum planes. The first referenceis set by default to Front while the second reference is set to Top.Additional reference options available include Back, Bottom, Left,Right, Horizontal Axis, and Vertical Axis. A selected plane will face inthe direction of the set reference option. As an example, if Top is selectedas the reference, a selected plane will orient toward the Top of the workscreen.

STEP 9: Add additional views if necessary.

SETTING A DISPLAY MODE

Views can be displayed as wireframe, hidden, or no hidden. Views set with the Hiddenoption will print dashed hidden lines. By default, the display mode of a view is dependentupon the display mode set for the object. An object’s display mode can be set on the toolbaror in the Environment dialog box. Individual display modes can be set for each view of adrawing using the Views >> Disp Mode option. The display of edges and assemblymembers can be manipulated with the Display Mode option also.


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292 Detailed Views

Tangent edges can be displayed in a variety of styles on a model. The Environmentdialog box setting Tangent Edges is used to set a default style. The configuration file optiontangent_edge_display can be used to set a default tangent display style. The followingtangent edge styles are available within Pro/ENGINEER:

• Solid Tangent edges are displayed as a solid line.

• No display Tangent edges are not displayed.

• Phantom Tangent edges are displayed with a phantom line.

• Centerline Tangent edges are displayed with a centerline.

• Dimmed Tangent edges are displayed in the color set for dimmed entities, menus,and commands.

• Tan default Tangent edges will be displayed as set in the Environment dialogbox.

MODELING POINT Pro/ENGINEER has a default color for command lines or entities that aredimmed. As an example, if a command is inappropriate for a specific operation, it will appear dimmed on themenu. The configuration file option system_dimmed_menu_color is used to set the color of dimmed entities andcommands.

To change the display mode of an individual view, perform the following steps:

STEP 1: Select VIEWS >> DISP MODE >> VIEW DISP.

STEP 2: Select individual views to modify; then select DONE SEL on the GetSelect menu.

STEP 3: Select a Display Mode for the selected views.

Select either wireframe, hidden line, no hidden, or default from the viewdisplay menu.

STEP 4: Select a Tangent Edge display style.

From the View Display menu, select a tangent edge display style.

STEP 5: Select DONE on the View Display menu.

DETAILED VIEWS

Detailed views are used on drawings to highlight portions of a component. A componentmight have a section with small and complicated features that would be hard to detailwithin the realm of the drawing’s scale. Other sections of a drawing might require a de-tailed view due to a specific importance factor. Figure 8–10 shows an example of a draw-ing with a detailed view.

Within Pro/ENGINEER, a detailed view can be created any time after a general viewhas been placed. The scale of a detailed view is independent of its parent view. Addition-ally, detailed views do not lie along normal lines of projection. By default, a detailed viewreflects its parent view. The display mode of a detailed view (line and tangent display) isthe same as its parent view. Any cross sections shown in a parent view will be re-flected in its detailed views. This view relationship can be broken with the Views >> ViewDisp >> Det Indep option.

Perform the following steps to create a detailed view:


STEP 2: Select DETAILED >> DONE.

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STEP 3: Select the location for the view.

On the work screen, select the location for the detailed view.

STEP 4: Enter a scale factor for the detailed view.

If the scale factor is not appropriate, it can be changed at a later time withthe Modify >> Value option.

STEP 5: Select a reference point on the edge of an entity in the parent view.

Select the entity in the view that includes the portion of the drawing used tocreate the detailed view. You have to select the edge of an entity. Pro/ENGINEER uses this reference point to regenerate the detailed view.

STEP 6: Draw a Spline around the geometry to include in the detailed view.

Use the left mouse button to select points on the spline. Use the middlemouse button to close the spline. Objects included inside the splineboundary are included in the detailed view.

STEP 7: Enter a Name for the detailed view.

As shown in Figure 8–10, Pro/ENGINEER labels the detailed view with theprovided name.

STEP 8: Select a Boundary Type.

On the parent view, Pro/ENGINEER will enclose the detailed portion in aboundary. There are four boundary types available: Circle, Ellipse, H/VEllipse, and Spline. For Ellipse, H/V Ellipse, and Spline types, you have tosketch the boundary.

STEP 9: Place the name label of the detailed view.

For detailed views with a circle as the boundary type, the view is completeat this point. For ellipse, H/V ellipse, and spline boundary types, you haveto select a leader attachment point.

STEP 10: Select the leader attachment point (Ellipse, H/V Ellipse, and Splineboundary types only).


Figure 8–10 Detailed view

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SHOWING AND ERASING ITEMS

Drawing mode is used to create annotated presentations of models created in part andassembly modes. One of the uses of drawing mode is to create orthographic views of amodel. Orthographic drawings frequently consist of items such as dimensions, centerlines,notes, and geometric tolerances. Within part mode, features are fully defined through theuse of dimensions, constraints, and references. Dimensions used to define a part are con-sidered parametric. When a feature is created, the dimensioning scheme defining the fea-ture should match the intent for the design of the part. These parametric dimensions can beused in drawing mode to annotate the drawing of the model.

Other items created in part or assembly mode can be used in drawing mode. Drawingmode’s Show/Erase option is used to show an item created in part or assembly mode orused to erase an item created in part or assembly mode. The Erase selection within theShow/Erase option can be misleading. Since the Show/Erase option is used to manipulatethe display of items created in part or assembly mode, these items cannot be deletedin drawing mode. A more descriptive name for the Show/Erase option would be Show/No-Show. Items that are erased are actually hidden from display.

The manipulation of the display of items is accomplished through the Show/Erase dialogbox (Figure 8–11). Listed are the items that can be shown or erased. To show or erase an itemtype, the button associated with the item type has to be selected. Multiple item types can beselected at one time. Several options are available for controlling the items that are displayed:

294 Showing and Erasing Items

Figure 8–11 Show/Erase dialog box

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• Show all The Show All option displays all items of a particular type. As anexample, if Show All is selected with the Dimension item type, all parametricdimensions defining a model are displayed.

• Feature The Feature option displays items on a selected feature. The user mustselect the feature on the work screen.

• Part The Part option displays items on a selected part. The user must select thepart on the work screen or on the model tree. This option is useful for assemblydrawings where items on individual parts must be displayed.

• View The View option displays items on a selected view. The user must select theview on the work screen.

• Feat & view The Feature and View option displays items on a selected featurewithin the view from which the feature was selected.

• Part & view The Part and View option displays items on a selected part withinthe view from which the part was selected.

• Erased The Erased option shows only items that have previously been erased.

• Never shown The Never Shown option shows only items that have never beenpreviously shown.

• Preview Located under the Preview tab is the Preview option. The Preview optionis used to preview items before they are displayed on the work screen. Options areavailable for accepting or not accepting an item.

SHOWING ALL ITEM TYPES

The Show All option is used to show all items of a selected type. As an example, you canshow all geometric tolerances or you can show all centerlines. Perform the following stepsto show all of a selected item:

STEP 1: Select the SHOW/ERASE option.

STEP 2: Select the SHOW option on the Show/Erase dialog box.

The Show option shows items of a select type. The Show and Erase optionscannot be selected at the same time.

STEP 3: Select an Item Type to show (see Figure 8–12).

Examples of item types to show include Dimensions, Centerlines (Axisoption), Datums, and Geometric Tolerances.


REFERENCE DIMENSION

BALLOON

DIMENSION

NOTE

GEOMETRIC TOLERANCE

AXIS (Centerline)

SYMBOL

COSMETIC FEATURE

SURFACE FINISH

DATUM PLANE

Figure 8–12 Item types

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296 Dimensioning and Tolerancing

STEP 4: Select the SHOW ALL option.

The Show All option will display all items of a selected type. This is a usefuloption for displaying item types that will not overwhelm a drawing, such ascenterlines. When using this option for dimensions, a drawing can becomecluttered.

STEP 5: Select OK to confirm the use of Show All.

After selecting OK, the items will be displayed on the work screen.

STEP 6: Select the Preview option (if required) then Close the dialog box.

SHOWING/ERASING LIMITED ITEM TYPES

Whereas the Show All option is used to show all items of a selected type, options are avail-able for you to show or erase limited numbers of an item type. Perform the following stepsto show or erase a limited number of items:


STEP 2: Select either the SHOW or the ERASE option on the Show/Erase dialogbox.

The Show option shows items of a selected type whereas the Erase optionhides items of a selected type. The Show and Erase options cannot be selectedat the same time.

STEP 3: Select an Item Type to show or erase (see Figure 8–12).

Examples of item types include dimensions, axes, datum planes, andgeometric tolerances.

STEP 4: Select an option for showing or erasing items.

Select either Feature, Part, View, Feat & View, or Part & View. Feature showsitems on a selected feature, the Part option shows items on a selected part, andView shows items in a selected view.

STEP 5: Select DONE SEL on the Get Select menu or select the middle mousebutton.

STEP 6: Select Preview option (if required) then Close the dialog box.

DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING

Pro/ENGINEER’s drawing mode has the capability to display dimensions created in partor assembly mode and the capability to create dimensions within drawing mode itself.Dimensions created in part mode can be displayed using the Show/Erase option. Thesedimensions are associative and can be modified. Due to the associativity between modes,any parametric dimension modified in drawing mode is also modified in other modes, suchas part and assembly. While parametric dimensions can be hidden with the Show/Eraseoption, they cannot be deleted.

Driven dimensions can be created within drawing mode using the Create >> Dimen-sion option. Dimensions created in this fashion are not associative and are not modifiable.The model geometry drives the value of each dimension. This dimension option providesthe following suboptions:

• On entity Attaches the dimension’s witness line to the point where the entity waspicked.

• Midpoint Attaches the dimension’s witness line to the midpoint of a selectedentity.

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BEFORE MANIPULATION

SWITCH VIEWOPTION

FLIP ARROWOPTION

MOVE TEXTOPTION

CLIPOPTION

MOVE OPTION

AFTER MANIPULATION

Figure 8–13 Manipulation tools

• Intersect Attaches the dimension’s witness line to the closest intersection point oftwo entities.

• Center Attaches the dimension’s witness line to the center of a circle, arc, orellipse.

• Tangent Attaches the dimension’s witness line tangent to a circle, arc, or ellipse.

• Horizontal Creates a dimension that is horizontal according to the drawingenvironment’s orientation.

• Vertical Creates a dimension that is vertical according to the drawingenvironment’s orientation.

• Slanted Creates a dimension that measures the distance between two points.

• Parallel Creates a dimension between two points that is parallel to a selectedentity.

• Normal Creates a dimension between two points that is normal to a selected entity.

MANIPULATING DIMENSIONS

Drawing mode provides a variety of options for manipulating dimensions. These tools areused to create a clear and readable engineering drawing.

MOVE

The Move option is used to move entities on the work screen. For the manipulationof dimensions, the Move option is used for three purposes: moving dimension text,moving the dimension line, and moving the location where a witness line attaches toan entity.

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298 Dimensioning and Tolerancing

MAKE JOGOPTION

Figure 8–14 Make jogoption

MOVE TEXT

The Move Text option is used to move text on the work screen. For the manipulationof dimensions, this option is used to move the text’s location along the dimensionline or leader shoulder (Figure 8–13).

SWITCH VIEW

The Switch View option is used to switch the view in which a dimension is located(Figure 8–13). This option is used often after the Show/Erase >> Show Allcommand. When showing all parametric dimensions in a drawing, Pro/ENGINEERrandomly places dimensions in a view. The placement view may not be theappropriate view according to drafting dimensioning standards.

CLIP

Pro/ENGINEER places a witness line gap between the end of a witness lineand the model. The size of this gap is set with the Drawing Setup file optionwitness_line_offset. After manipulating a dimension with the Switch View andMove options, this gap can become covered. Use the Clip option to change thewitness line’s attachment point. To use the Clip option, select the witness linewith the left mouse button, and then place the end of the witness line with themiddle mouse button. The Move option can be used also to adjust the witnessline gap.

FLIP ARROW

The Flip Arrow option is used to change the direction that an arrowhead points. Thisoption can be used with linear and radial dimensions (Figure 8–13).

MAKE JOG

Dimensions can become too confined when annotating small features. On a normaldimension, the distance between two witness lines is the same as the nominal size ofthe dimension. The Make Jog option can be used to create a jog in a witness line(Figure 8–14).

DIMENSION TOLERANCES AND MODIFICATION

Pro/ENGINEER allows for the creation of dimensions that adhere to ANSI or ISO toler-ance standards. See Chapter 2 for more information on setting a tolerance standard. Withindrawing mode, tolerances can be displayed in a variety of formats. Available formats in-clude Limits, PlusMinus, and PlusMinusSymmetric. In drawing mode, before a dimensioncan be displayed as a tolerance, the Drawing Setup file option Tol_Display has to be set toYes. Use the Advanced >> Modify Val option and set the Tol_Display option to modifythe tolerance display for an individual drawing.

When utilizing ANSI as the tolerance standard, tolerance values and formats can be setwith the Modify >> Dimension option, which displays the Modify Dimension dialog box(Figure 8–15). The Modify Dimension dialog box is used to set the following dimensionoptions:

• Tolerance mode Nominal, PlusMinus, and PlusMinusSymmetric can be selected.

• Tolerance values Tolerance values associated with a particular format can beentered.

• Decimal places The number of decimal places of a dimension can be selected.

• Basic dimension When utilizing geometric tolerances, a dimension can be set asbasic.

• Dimension text The Dim Text tab (see Figure 8–15) is used to add text andsymbols around a dimension value. When adding text, the dimension value

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cannot be deleted. The symbol palette is available for the selection of symbols(Figure 8–16). Figure 8–17 shows an example of how a typical dimension text notecan be changed into a counterbored hole note.

GEOMETRIC TOLERANCES

Geometric tolerances are used to control geometric form, orientation, and location.An example of a geometric tolerance would be specifying that a planar surface is flatto within a tolerance value. The Geometric Tolerance dialog box is used to create ageometric tolerance characteristic (Figure 8–18). This dialog box can be accessedthrough the Create >> Geom Tol >> Specify Tol menu option. See Chapter 2 for moreinformation on establishing a geometric tolerance. Before a datum can be utilized in adrawing, it first has to be set. The Set Datum option located under the Create >> GeomTol menu or the Datum/Axis option under the Modify menu is used to name and setdatums.

Figure 8–15 Modify dimension dialog box

Figure 8–16 Symbol palette

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300 Creating Notes

BEFORE MODIFICATION AFTER MODIFICATION

Depth Added to NoteOriginal Parametric Hole Dimension

Hole Dimension Added to Note

Modify Dimension Dialog Box (Dim Text Tab)MODIFY DIMENSION DIALOG BOX (Dim Text Tab)

Figure 8–17 Dimension text modification

Figure 8–18 Geometric tolerance dialog box

CREATING NOTES

Drawing mode allows for the creation of notes. Notes can be stand-alone or they can be at-tached to a leader. Additionally, notes can be entered from the keyboard or they can beinput from a text file. Pro/ENGINEER provides the symbol palette (Figure 8–16) foradding symbols to a note.

NOTE WITHOUT LEADER

Perform the following steps to create a note without a leader by entering the note throughthe keyboard:

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STEP 1: Select CREATE >> NOTE.

STEP 2: Select NO LEADER from the Note Types menu.

STEP 3: Select a Format/Placement type.

Available Format/Placement types include horizontal, vertical, angled, leftjustify, right justify, center justify, and related to dimension text.

STEP 4: Select MAKE NOTE.

STEP 5: On the work screen, select the location for the note.

Using the mouse cursor, select the location for the text. After creating the text,the text can be repositioned with the Move option.

STEP 6: Enter note in Pro/ENGINEER’s textbox.

When creating a note through the keyboard, Pro/ENGINEER provides atextbox for the creation of the note. Select Enter on the keyboard to end thecreation of the note. For the creation of symbols within the note, Pro/ENGINEER provides a symbol palette.

NOTE WITH A STANDARD LEADER

Perform the following steps to create a note with a standard leader by entering the notethrough the keyboard:

STEP 1: Select CREATE >> NOTE.

STEP 2: Select LEADER from the Note Types menu.

STEP 3: Select a Leader Type.

Pro/ENGINEER provides the option of creating either a standard leader, anormal leader, or a tangent leader. The Normal Ldr option creates the leaderperpendicular to the selected entity while Tangent Ldr creates the leadertangent to the selected arc, circle, or ellipse. Standard is the default and allowsfor multiple leader attachment points.

STEP 4: Select a Format/Placement type.

Available format/placement types include horizontal, vertical, angled, leftjustify, right justify, center justify, and related to dimension text.

STEP 5: Select the MAKE NOTE option.

STEP 6: Select an Attachment Type (for Standard Leaders only); then select anappropriate attachment point.

When placing a standard leader, Pro/ENGINEER provides the followingleader attachment types:

• On entity Attaches a leader to a model or to a draft entity.

• On surface Attaches a leader to a surface. The surface can be a modelsurface, datum plane, or cosmetic thread.

• Free point Attaches a leader anywhere on the drawing. With the FreePoint option, the leader does not have to be attached to an entity or surface.

• Midpoint Attaches a leader at the midpoint of a model edge or draft entity.

• Intersect Attaches a leader at the intersection of two entities.

STEP 7: Select DONE on the Attachment Type menu.

STEP 8: Select a location for the note.

STEP 9: Enter note in Pro/ENGINEER’s textbox.

When creating a note through the keyboard, Pro/ENGINEER provides atextbox for the creation of the note. Select Enter on the keyboard to end thecreation of the note. For the creation of symbols, Pro/ENGINEER providesthe symbol palette.


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CREATING DRAWING TABLES

A drawing table is similar to a table that might be created in a popular word-processingapplication (Figure 8–19). A drawing table is composed of cells arranged in columns androws. Standard text can be entered into a text cell. Perform the following steps to create atable:

STEP 1: Select TABLE >> CREATE.

STEP 2: Select a Table Direction Creation method.

The following creation methods are available:

• Descending Creates the table from the top down.

• Ascending Creates the table from the bottom up.

• Rightward Creates the table from the left toward the right.

• Leftward Creates the table from the right toward the left.

Select either Descending or Ascending; then select either Rightward orLeftward.

STEP 3: Select BY NUM CHARS as the Cell Creation Method.

The following cell creation methods are available:

• By Num Chars Creates a table graphically by picking the number ofcharacters to include in each cell (Figure 8–20).

• By length Creates a table by specifying the size of each in drawingunits.

302 Creating Drawing Tables

BALLOON LEADERNOTE

TABLENOTEWITHOUT LEADER

Figure 8–19 Notes, leaders, and tables

Figure 8–20 Creating a table by the number of characters

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STEP 4: On the work screen, select the location for the cell.

This option will locate a table that is dependent upon the table directioncreation method selected previously. As an example, when creating a tablewith the Descending and Leftward options, you select the upper-right cornerof where the table is to be located. When creating a table with the Ascendingand Rightward options, you select the lower-left corner of where the table isto be located.

STEP 5: On the work screen, mark off the number of characters to include in eachcolumn of the table (Figure 8–20).

STEP 6: Select DONE to finish the number of columns.

STEP 7: On the work screen, mark off the number of characters to include in eachrow of the table.

MODELING POINT Tables can be modified with the Table >> Modify Table option. Options areavailable for adding rows and columns, for merging cells, and for modifying text justification. Other useful ma-nipulation tools include rotating a table and resizing rows and columns.

STEP 8: Select DONE to finish the number of rows.

Selecting DONE will create the table.

TWO-DIMENSIONAL DRAFTING

Although Pro/ENGINEER is considered primarily a three-dimensional design applica-tion, with drawing mode used to create annotated detailed drawings of 3D models, draw-ing mode can also be used exclusively to create 2D drawings. Any two-dimensionalgeometry created in drawing mode is nonparametic and cannot be associated with anyother Pro/ENGINEER mode.

Pro/ENGINEER’s drafting capabilities are similar to two-dimensional modeling toolsfound in many popular mid-range computer-aided drafting applications. The following op-tions are available:

• Draft geometry Used to create lines, circles, arcs, splines, ellipses, points, andchamfers.

• Construction geometry Lines and circles used to create draft geometry. They aredisplayed in phantom font.

• Draft dimensions Used to dimension two-dimensional geometry.

• Draft cross sections Used to create section lines.

DRAFT GEOMETRY

Pro/ENGINEER provides a variety of tools for creating two-dimensional draft geometry.By default, drawing mode allows for the creation of individual entities only. As an exam-ple, when sketching a line between two points, only one line will be created between thetwo points. To continue the line creation process, the start and ends of the next line have tobe selected. To connect entities during the sketching process, drawing mode provides theChain option. Within the Draft Geom menu, selecting the Start Chain option allows draftedentities to be connected. Using this option, the end of one entity becomes the start of thenext. To terminate a chain, select End Chain.

The following options are available under the Draft Geom menu. To access this menu,select the Sketch option from the detail menu.

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LINES Several line sketching tools are available (see Figure 8–21):

• Lines can be sketched horizontally, vertically, or at an angle.

• Using the Rel Coords option or the Abs Coord selection option, a line can besketched using relative or absolute coordinates respectively.

• Tangent options allow lines to be sketched tangent to curves, splines, and ellipses.

• The Parallel option allows a line to be sketched parallel to another line.

• The Normal option allows a line to be sketched perpendicular to another entity.

CIRCLES Circles can be created using the following methods (see Figure 8–22):

• Locating the center of the circle; then picking an exterior point on the circle.

• Locating the circle’s center; then specifying the circle’s radius.

• Locating the circle’s center; then specifying the circle’s diameter.

• Locating the center of the circle; then picking a point tangent to a second entity.

• Selecting three points that lay on the circle.

• Selecting tangent points.

ARCS Arcs can be created using the following methods (Figure 8–23):

• Selecting the arc’s center; then selecting the arcs two endpoints.

• Selecting the arc’s center; then specifying the arc’s start point followed byselecting the arc’s endpoint measured at a counterclockwise angle from the startpoint.

• Selecting three points that fall on the arc.

• Selecting three tangent points.

• Selecting two tangent points then specifying a radius.

SPLINES The Spline option is available under the Sketch >> Other menu. To create aspline, locate the spline’s start point first, intermediate points along the spline second, thenthe spline’s endpoint last.

ELLIPSES Pro/ENGINEER provides an option for creating ellipses in drawing mode.

POINTS The Point option is used to create a point on the work screen.

CHAMFERS The Chamfer option is used to create a line that intersects and trims two non-parallel lines. Chamfers can be created using the following methods:

• At a 45-degree angle from one line and at a user-specified distance from a secondline.

• Specifying a common distance from two selected lines.

• Providing a different distance from two selected lines.

• Specifying a unique angle and a user-specified distance.

CONSTRUCTION GEOMETRY

Construction geometry is used within Pro/ENGINEER for the construction of two-dimensional draft geometry. The Construction option provides tools for creatingconstruction lines and construction circles. Figure 8–24 shows an example of a two-dimensional drawing after the creation of construction geometry and after the creation ofdraft geometry. Construction geometry appears as phantom line font on the work screenbut does not print.

304 Two-Dimensional Drafting

Figure 8–21 Linesketching options

Figure 8–22 Circlesketching options

Figure 8–23 Arcsketching options

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CONSTRUCTION GEOMETRY

SKETCHED GEOMETRY WITH DIMENSIONS

Figure 8–24 Construction geometry

NONE

HIDDEN

GEOMETRY

LEADER

CUT PLANE

PHANTOM

CENTERLINE

Figure 8–25 Pro/ENGINEER line styles

LINE STYLES AND FONTS

The default line style when sketching draft geometry is a continuous line. WithinPro/ENGINEER, a continuous object line does not have a line style, but has a line fontset as Solidfont. There is a slight difference between line styles and line fonts. A linestyle is a defined group consisting of a line font, color, and weight. As an example, aPhantom line style has a Phantomfont line font with a color of blue. The line styles avail-able for draft geometry include Hidden, Geometry, Leader, Cut Plane, Phantom, Center-line, and None (Figure 8–25). Use the Set Current option to make a particular line stylecurrent.

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306 Draft Cross Sections

Figure 8–26 Line style Color dialog box

How a line style appears on the work screen may be different from how it appearswhen printed. As an example, a line defined as a hidden line style will appear on the workscreen as a blue continuous line; however, it will print as a dashed hidden line. This isbecause the color of a line, in the absence of a set line font, dictates the printed line font andthe printed line weight. Figure 8–26 shows the Color dialog box with available colors thatcan be assigned to a line. Each color within the dialog box corresponds to a particular linefont, line weight, and pen number. As an example, the Geometry color (pen 1) prints as athick, continuous line. The Leader color (pen 2) prints as a continuous, medium thick line,while the Hidden color (pen 3) prints as a dashed, thin line.

A line font is the geometric definition of a line. Available fonts include Solidfont,Dotfont, Ctrlfont, Phantomfont, Dashfont, Ctrlfont_S_L, Ctrlfont_L_L, Ctrlfont_S_S,Dashfont_S_S, Phantomfont_S_S, and Ctrlfont_MID_L.

MODELING POINT The weight of a printed line is governed by its pen number. Correspondingly, thepen number of a line is governed by its color. As an example, the Hidden color (blue) is assigned to pen one.

The line weight produced from a pen number can be modified with the configuration file optionpen#_line_weight (where # is equal to the pen number). Each option can be set equal to a value ranging from1 to 16. Each increment value equals a value of 0.005 inches. As an example, if pen1_line_weight is set to2, the line weight will be equal to 0.010 inches (2 × .005 = .010).

DRAFT DIMENSIONS

Draft dimensions are used to annotate draft geometry created in drawing mode. By default,draft dimensions are not associated with any draft geometry. This lack of associativity canbe changed by setting the Drawing Setup file option associative_dimensioning equal toYes. When associative dimensioning is set, changes in geometry size (such as scaling anentity) will correspondingly change any necessary dimension values.

DRAFT CROSS SECTIONS

Drawing mode’s Create >> Filled Area option is used to create section lining or Hatchwithin an enclosed area. It can be used also to Fill an area completely. Figure 8–27 showsan example of several types of cross sections that can be created. As shown in the first ex-ample, cross sections can include islands of unfilled areas.

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Draft cross sections are created by selecting draft entities in either a clockwise orcounterclockwise direction. Selected entities must form a closed loop (small gaps are al-lowed). The Fill option fills the selected area with the color associated with the currentline style. The Hatch option requires the entering of a cross section name. Upon com-pleting the selection of a cross section’s boundary, drawing mode displays the ModXhatch menu (Figure 8–28). This menu allows for the modification of hatch spacing,angle, offset, and line style. This menu can also be accessed through the Modify >>

Xhatching option.

MANIPULATING DRAFT GEOMETRY

Most new users of two-dimensional computer-aided drafting applications use draft geom-etry techniques such as the line, arc, and circle options to create drawings. While it is ob-vious that these are central commands for the creation of draft geometry, other powerfuloptions are available that allow for the manipulation of existing draft entities. These op-tions can be used in combination with basic geometry creation techniques to construct adrawing. Within drawing mode, many of these tools are identical or similar to optionsavailable within a typical Pro/ENGINEER sketching environment. Within drawing mode,the following manipulation options are available:

COPY

The Copy option is found under the Tools menu. It is used to create identical instancesof selected entities (Figure 8–29). Suboptions are available for either translating thecopied entities or rotating the copied entities. The Translate option has commands for


HATCH WITH ISLAND FILLED AREA PHANTOM LINESTYLEWITH 120 DEGREE ANGLE

STANDARD 45 DEGREEHATCH PATTERN

STANDARD HATCH WITH60 DEGREE ANGLE

DASHED HATCHPATTERN

Figure 8–27 Hatch examples

Figure 8–28 ModifyCross Hatch menu

ORIGINAL ENTITIES TRANSLATED ENTITIES

Figure 8–29 Horizontal translation

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copying along the horizontal axis (Horiz) or the vertical axis (Vert). An additionaloption is available for translating at an angle (measured counterclockwise from thethree o’clock position) and distance from the original entities.

GROUP

The Group option is found under the Tools menu. It is used to combine entities.One advantage of a group is that entities in a group can be manipulated together.As an example, all the entities in a group can be moved all at once, or all entitiescan be deleted together. Use the Group >> Create command to build a group, anduse the Group >> Explode command to break a group into its individual entities.

INTERSECT

The Intersect option is found under the Tools menu. It is used to break entities attheir selected intersection point. As shown in Figure 8–30, selecting the intersectionof two lines will create four entities. This option is identical to the Intersect optionfound in the sketcher environment’s Geometric Tools menu.

MIRROR

The Mirror option is found under the Tools menu. It is used to create an identicalreflected image of selected entities (Figure 8–31). The user is required to select theentities to be mirrored and to select a draft line to mirror the draft geometry about.

MOVE

The Move option is found under the Detail menu. It is used to move individualentities on the work screen. The relative coordinates and absolute coordinatesoptions can be used to make precise moves.

OFFSET

The Offset option is found under the Tools menu. It is used to create new draftgeometry by offsetting from a selected entity at a user-defined distance(Figure 8–32). Single entities or chained entities can be offset. The Single Ent option

308 Manipulating Draft Geometry

MIRRORED ENTITIES

MIRROR DRAFT LINE

ORIGINAL ENTITIES

Figure 8–31 Mirrored entities

SELECT FIRST ENTITY

SELECT SECOND ENTITY

DIVISION POINTFOR INTERSECTION

Figure 8–30 Intersection tool

OFFSET DISTANCE

OFFSET ENTITIES

ORIGINAL ENTITIES

Figure 8–32 The offset tool

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offsets only one entity at a time. Suboptions are available for tapering the offset andtrimming the offset. The Ent Chain option allows a connected chain of entities to beoffset at once.

TRANSLATE

The Translate option is found under the Tools menu. It is a similar command to theMove option found under the Detail menu. Unlike the Move option, the Translateoption can move multiple entities at once.

TRIM

The Trim option is found under the Tools menu. It is used to break and delete twoentities at their intersection point. This option is identical to the Intersect optionfound in the sketching environment’s Geometric Tools menu.

POP-UP MENU

The Modify menu is used to modify and manipulate draft geometry, dimensions, and otherdrawing mode items. To access the normal Modify menu, you have to exit any currentmenu. During the process of executing a command, it can be problematic to leave thecommand to modify an entity. To solve this problem, drawing mode provides a Pop-Upmenu (Figure 8–33). Using the Pop-Up menu, an item can be selected for modification atany time in the drawing process. To modify an item with the Pop-Up menu, select with theright mouse button anywhere on the work screen where an item does not exist. Select theModify Item option from the Pop-Up menu, then select the item to modify. The followingitems can be modified with the Pop-Up menu:

DIMENSIONS

Dimensions can be modified in a multiple of ways with the Pop-Up menu. Thefollowing dimension modification options are available:

• Dimensions can be moved.

• Dimensions can be switched to another view.

• Dimensions can be jogged.

• Arrows can be flipped.

• Witness lines can be shown or erased.

• Arrow styles can be changed.

• Dimension nominal values can be changed.

• Dimensions can be erased or unerased.

• Dimension values can be changed.

GEOMETRIC TOLERANCES

Geometric tolerances created can be modified or manipulated using the Pop-Upmenu. The following options are available:

• Geometric tolerances can be moved on the work screen.

• Geometric tolerance attachments can be modified.

• Geometric tolerances can be switched to another view.

• The leader type of a geometric tolerance can be changed.

• Geometric tolerances can be redefined.

• Geometric tolerances can be erased or unerased.

• Geometric tolerances can be deleted.


Figure 8–33 The Pop-Upmenu

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NOTES

Notes can be modified and/or manipulated in the following ways using the Pop-Upmenu:

• Notes can be moved on the work screen.

• Notes can be switched to another view.

• Notes text styles can be modified.

• Text can be modified.

• Notes can be erased or unerased.

• Notes can be deleted.

VIEWS

Views can be modified with the Pop-Up menu in the following ways:

• Views can be moved on the work screen.

• The scale of a view can be changed.

• A view’s cross section can be replaced.

• The view text can be modified.

SUMMARY

Drawing mode is used to create drawings of Pro/ENGINEER parts or assemblies. Multipleviews of a model can be displayed to include projection views, section views, and partialviews. Dimensions and other items such as cosmetic threads and geometric tolerance notescan be displayed in a drawing using the Show/Erase option. Drawing mode has the capa-bility for the creation of nonassociative two-dimensional drawings. Notes, leaders, andnonparametric dimensions can be added to a drawing.

310 Summary

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This tutorial demonstrates the creation of the drawing shown in Figure 8–34. The part usedin this tutorial is shown in Figure 8–35. The start of this tutorial requires you to model thispart. As shown in Figure 8–34, you will create four different view types: general, projec-tion, auxiliary, and detailed. For all drawings, a general view is required to be the first viewplaced.

This tutorial covers:

• Starting a drawing.

• Adding a drawing format.

• Creating a general view.

• Creating projection views.

• Creating a detailed view.

• Establishing drawing setup values.

• Creating dimensions.

• Creating notes.

• Setting display modes.

T U T O R I A L

DRAWING TUTORIAL 1

Figure 8–34 Multiview drawing

311

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CREATING THE PART

Model the part shown in Figures 8–34 and 8–35. When creating the new object file, namethe part view1. The dimensioning scheme shown in Figure 8–34 matches the design intentfor the part. When modeling this part, make sure that these dimensions are incorporatedinto your design.

STARTING A DRAWING

In this section of the tutorial you will create the object file for the drawing to be completed.Follow these steps:


If Pro/ENGINEER is not open, start the application.

STEP 2: Set an appropriate Working Directory.


STEP 4: In the New dialog box, select DRAWING mode then enter view1 as thename of the drawing file (Figure 8–36).

STEP 5: Select OK on the New dialog box.

After you select OK on the dialog box, Pro/ENGINEER reveals the NewDrawing dialog box. This dialog box is used to select a model, a sheet size,and a format.

STEP 6: Select the BROWSE option on the New Drawing dialog box and locatethe view1 part (Figure 8–37).

Use the Browse option to locate the view1 part created in the firstsection of this tutorial. The part serves as the default model for thecreation of drawing views. If view1 is the active part during thecreation of this drawing file, it is displayed by default in the modelselection box.

STEP 7: Select the SET SIZE option (Figure 8–37) under the Specify Sheetoption.

The Specify Sheet option allows for the selection of a standard or user-defined sheet size. The Retrieve Format option allows for theretrieval of a predefined sheet format. When retrieving a format, thesize of the sheet defining the format defines the sheet size for the newdrawing.

STEP 8: Select LANDSCAPE as the Orientation option.

312 Starting a Drawing

Figure 8–35 Model for drawing

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STEP 9: Select A as the Standard Sheet Size (Figure 8–37).

Pro/ENGINEER provides a variety of standard sheet sizes (A, B, C, A1, A2,etc). A unique sheet size can be entered in either inch or millimeter units.

STEP 10: Select OK on the New Drawing dialog box.

After selecting OK, Pro/ENGINEER launches its drawing mode. The menumanager for drawing mode is shown in Figure 8–38.

ADDING A DRAWING FORMAT

This section of the tutorial provides instruction on how to add a format to a drawing sheet.Formats can be retrieved from a variety of sources. Pro/ENGINEER provides sheetformats in the format subdirectory of the Pro/ENGINEER load point directory. Formatscan be imported through IGES and DXF. The configuration file option pro_format_dir isused to specify a default format directory.

STEP 1: Select SHEETS >> FORMAT >> ADD/REPLACE.

On the menu manager, select the Sheets menu option (Figure 8–38); thenselect the Format option. The Add/Replace option is used to add formats toa drawing sheet or to replace an existing format.


Figure 8–37 The New Drawingdialog box

Figure 8–36 The New dialog box Figure 8–38 Drawingmode’s Menu Manager

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314 Creating a General View

Figure 8–39 Opening an A size format

STEP 2: Locate and select an A size sheet format (Figure 8–39).

A format added to a drawing is associated with its original format file. Anychanges made to the format through Format mode will be reflected in alldrawings using that specific format.

CREATING A GENERAL VIEW

General views serve as the parent view for all views projected from it. In this section of thetutorial you will create a general view as the front view of the drawing (Figure 8–40).

STEP 1: Select the VIEWS menu option.

STEP 2: Select ADD VIEW >> GENERAL >> FULL VIEW on the Viewsmenu.

The Add View option is selected by default. Since no views currently existwithin the drawing, General is the only view type available.

STEP 3: Select NoXsec >> SCALE on the View Type menu.

No Xsec is selected by default. The Section option allows for the creation orretrieval of a section view. The Scale option allows for the entering of a scalevalue for the drawing view.

STEP 4: Select DONE on the View Type menu.

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Figure 8–40 The front view of the part

STEP 5: On the work screen, select the location for the drawing view.

The drawing under creation in this tutorial consists of a front, right-side, top,and detailed view. The general view currently being defined serves as thefront view. On the work screen, pick approximately where the front view willbe located. The Views >> Move View option can be used to reposition thisview’s location.

STEP 6: In the textbox, enter .500 as the scale value for the view.

A scale value of .500 creates a view at half scale. Defining a scale value isrequired due to the selection of the Scale option in step 3.

After you enter the scale value, Pro/ENGINEER inserts the model ontothe work screen with the default orientation. The Orientation dialog box isused to orient the view correctly.

STEP 7: On the Orientation dialog box, select FRONT as the Reference 1 option.

A planar surface selected with the Front reference option orients thesurface toward the front of the work screen. Other available referenceoptions include back, top, bottom, left, right, vertical axis, and horizontalaxis.

STEP 8: Pick the front of the model (Figure 8–41).

MODELING POINT When selecting references to orient a model, it is often helpful to turn off alldatum planes and to display the model as No Hidden (Figure 8–42). This technique provides clarity when se-lecting a reference surface.

STEP 9: On the Orientation Dialog box, select TOP as the Reference 2 option.

A planar surface selected with the Top reference option orients the surfacetoward the top of the work screen.

REFERENCE 2: TOP

REFERENCE 1: FRONT

Figure 8–41 Orienting the model Figure 8–42 No hidden display and datumplanes off

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STEP 10: Select the top of the model (Figure 8–41).

STEP 11: Select OK on the orientation dialog box.

Your front view should appear as shown in Figure 8–40.

CREATING PROJECTION VIEWS

Once a general view has been created, views can be projected from it. Options exist for cre-ating projection, auxiliary, and/or Section views. In this segment of the tutorial you willcreate a right-side view and a top view, both projected from the front view (Figure 8–43).The front view serves as the parent view of these projected views.


STEP 2: Select PROJECTION >> FULL VIEW on the View Type menu.

The Projection option projects a view from an existing view. In this step ofthe tutorial, the right-side view is projected from the front view.

STEP 3: Select NoXsec >> NO SCALE on the View Type menu.

Since this view is projected from an existing view, it takes the scale value ofits parent view.

STEP 4: Select DONE from the View Type menu.

Did you notice how steps 2 and 3 required the selection of defaultoptions? After a general view has been added to a drawing, Pro/ENGINEER defaults to the Projection >> Full View >> NoXsec>> No Scale options.

STEP 5: On the work screen, select the location for the Right-Side view.

Pro/ENGINEER creates a projected view based upon its parent view. Yourview should appear as shown in Figure 8–44. The Views >> Move Viewoption can be used to reposition a view.


Next, you add the top view.


Take the default options found under the View Type menu (Projection >>

Full View >> NoXsec >> No Scale).

STEP 8: On the work screen, select the location for the top view.

Your views should appear as those shown in Figure 8–43.

316 Creating Projection Views

Figure 8–43 Front, top, and right-side views Figure 8–44 Front and right-side views

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STEP 9: Use the VIEWS >> MOVE VIEW option to reposition each view onthe work screen.

When moving a general view, all views projected from it will berepositioned to keep normal lines of projection. When moving a projectedview, it remains aligned with its parent view.

STEP 10: Save your drawing.

CREATING A DETAILED VIEW

Pro/ENGINEER’s drawing mode has an option for creating a detailed view. Detailedviews are used to highlight and expand an area of an object that requires special attention.An example is a small, complex feature that would be hard to dimension on a normalprojection view. In this segment of the tutorial you will create the detailed view shown inFigure 8–45.


STEP 2: Select DETAILED as the view type to add.


STEP 4: On the work screen, select the location for the Detailed view(Figure 8–45).

Using the mouse, select on the work screen where the detailed viewwill be located. This location can be adjusted later with the Move Viewoption.


Figure 8–45 Detailed view of part

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STEP 5: Enter 1.00 as the scale value for the Detailed view.

This step creates a detailed view that is full scale.

STEP 6: On the Front view, pick an entity centered within the detail area(Figure 8–46).

Pro/ENGINEER requires the selection of an entity in an existing view.This selection point is used to calculate the regeneration of the detailedview.

STEP 7: Sketch a spline around the area to detail, as shown in Figure 8–46.

Using the mouse, sketch a spline that includes the area to be detailed. Usethe left mouse button to select spline points and the middle mouse button toclose the spline.

STEP 8: Enter ONE as the name for the Detailed view.

STEP 9: Select CIRCLE as the Detailed view boundary type.

The Circle option will include the area to be detailed in a circle (Figure 8–45).Other options available include Ellipse, H/V Ellipse, and Spline.

STEP 10: Select a location on the work screen for the Detail Note.

As shown in Figure 8–45, this will locate the note SEE DETAIL ONE.

STEP 11: Use the VIEWS >> MOVE VIEW option to reposition theDetailed view.

If necessary, reposition the detailed view or any other view.

STEP 12: Select DONE/RETURN on the Views menu.

Within Pro/ENGINEER, it is important for menu management to exit amenu properly. Always use an available Done or Done/Return option toproperly exit any menu.

STEP 13: Select MOVE from the Detail menu to reposition the detail notes.

The Move option is used to reposition objects created or shown indrawing mode. It is often used to move dimensions and notes. Ifnecessary, reposition the detail notes. Your drawing should appear asshown in Figure 8–45.


ESTABLISHING DRAWING SETUP VALUES

Pro/ENGINEER’s drawing setup file is used to set item values associated with adrawing. Examples of items that can be set include text height, arrowhead size, andgeometric datum plane symbols. Multiple drawing setup files can be created. The DTLSetup menu is used to create, retrieve, modify, and save drawing setup files. This seg-ment of the tutorial utilizes the Modify Val option to change the values of a drawing’ssetup file.

318 Establishing Drawing Setup Values

X

CENTER POINTSPLINE

Figure 8–46 Sketching the spline

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STEP 1: Select ADVANCED >> DRAW SETUP >> MODIFY VAL.

After selecting the Modify Val option, Pro/ENGINEER will open the activedrawing setup file with the current text editing application (e.g., Notepad).The drawing setup file is a text file that can be modified with any text editor.

STEP 2: Change the Text and Arrowhead values for the current drawing.

Within the drawing setup file, make the changes shown in Table 8–2.

STEP 3: Save the modified values for the active drawing setup file; then Exit thetext editor.

CREATING DIMENSIONS

Pro/ENGINEER provides options for creating two types of dimensions in drawing mode.The Show/Erase option can be used to show parametric dimensions that were created inPart and Assembly modes. During part modeling, a sketched feature has to be defined fullyby utilizing parametric dimensions, constraints, and references. The parametric dimensionsdefining a feature can be revealed in drawing mode through the Show/Erase option. Thesecond option, Create >> Dimension, can be used to create nonparametric dimensions.

In this segment of the tutorial you will create the dimension annotations shown inFigure 8–47.


Table 8–2 Values for drawing setup

Drawing Setup Item New Value

drawing_text_height 0.125text_width_factor 0.750dim_leader_length 0.175dim_text_gap 0.125draw_arrow_length 0.125draw_arrow_style filleddraw_arrow_width 0.0416

Figure 8–47 Dimensioned drawing

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320 Creating Dimensions

Figure 8–49 The dimension item type

Figure 8–50 With Preview optionFigure 8–48 The Show/Erase dialog box

STEP 1: From the Detail menu, select the SHOW/ERASE option.

The Show/Erase option is used to show and not show items that weredefined in Part and/or Assembly modes. Figure 8–48 shows theShow/Erase dialog box. Items that can be shown include parametricdimensions, reference dimensions, geometric tolerances, notes, balloonnotes, axes (centerlines), symbols, surface finish, datum planes, andcosmetic features.

STEP 2: On the Show/Erase dialog box, select the Dimension item type(Figure 8–49).

The dimension item type option shows parametric dimensions that werecreated in Part and Assembly modes.

STEP 3: On the Show/Erase dialog box under the Options tab, check ERASEDand NEVER SHOWN options (Figure 8–48).

The Erased option shows items that previously have been erased and theNever Shown option shows items that have never been shown.

STEP 4: On the Show/Erase dialog box, under the Preview tab, check the WITHPREVIEW option (Figure 8–50).

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STEP 5: Select SHOW ALL (Figure 8–48) on the Show/Erase dialog box andConfirm the selection.

The Show All option shows all available item types. In this step of thetutorial, all dimensions available from the referenced model will be shown. Asrevealed in Figure 8–51, this can create a confusing and cluttered drawing.You will use the Move, Switch View, Flip Arrows, and Erase options to cleanthe drawing.

STEP 6: Select ACCEPT ALL under the Preview option (Figure 8–50).

The previously selected With Preview option allows for the previewing ofshown item types. Use the Accept All option to accept the shown dimensions.

STEP 7: CLOSE the Show/Erase dialog box.

STEP 8: Use the MOVE, MOVE TEXT, SWITCH VIEW, and FLIP ARROWSoptions to reposition the dimensions to match Figure 8–52.

Use the following options from the Detail menu to reposition thedimensions on the work screen:

• Move The Move option is used to move items on the work screen.Move the shown dimensions to view them better.

• Move text The Move Text option is used to move dimension text. Thisoption moves dimension text but not the actual dimension line.

• Switch view The Switch View option is used to switch a dimensionfrom one view to another. To switch dimensions from one view toanother, first select the dimension text with the left mouse button;second, select the middle mouse button to end the selection ofdimensions; and third, with the left mouse button select the view toplace the dimensions.

• Flip arrows The Flip Arrows option is used to flip dimensionarrowheads.

MODELING POINT The above listed dimension modification tools can be selected from thedetail menu, or they can be selected from the Pop-Up menu. The Pop-Up menu is accessed by picking withthe right mouse button on a blank area within the work screen. The Move Text option is not available throughthe Pop-Up menu.


Figure 8–51 Dimensions shown on a drawing

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STEP 9: Use the SHOW/ERASE option to show all centerlines (Axes).

The Axis option (Figure 8–53) on the Show/Erase dialog box is used toshow centerlines. On the Show/Erase dialog box, select the Axis option;then select Show All. Accept all available centerlines; then close thedialog box.

STEP 10: Use the MOVE option to create witness line gaps.

Where a dimension’s witness line is linked to an entity (Figure 8–54), avisible gap (approximately 1/16-inch wide) is required. In each view, usethe Move option to create these gaps.

STEP 11: Use the MODIFY >> DIMENSION option to add the .10-inch depthvalue to the .40-inch diameter hole note (Figure 8–55).

After selecting the Modify >> Dimension option, select the .40 diameterdimension; then select the middle mouse button (the middle mouse buttonserves the same function as the Done Select option).

STEP 12: Use the DIM TEXT tab to modify the hole’s note (Figure 8–55).

Under the Dim Text tab, use the Sym Palette and the keyboard to add thehole depth attribute shown in Figure 8–55.

Figure 8–53 The axis item type

GAP

GAP

GAPS

GAP

Figure 8–54 Witness line gaps

Figure 8–52 Repositioned dimensions

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The .10 dimension shown in Figure 8–56 is not needed in the drawing. TheShow/Erase option can be used to remove it from the drawing.

STEP 14: On the Show/Erase dialog box, select the ERASE option; then select theDIMENSION item type (Figure 8–57).

STEP 15: On the work screen, select the .10 dimension text; then select themiddle mouse button.

The Erase option does not delete a selected item. Instead, it removes it fromthe drawing screen. Any erased item can be redisplayed with the Showoption.


ADD HOLE DEPTHTO DIMENSION NOTE

HOLE DEPTH IN NOTE

Figure 8–55 Add text and symbols to a dimension note

ERASEDIMENSION

Figure 8–56 Erase 0.10 dimension

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STEP 16: Select TOOLS >> CLEAN DIMS.

The Clean Dims option consistently spaces dimensions on a drawingview. The minimum distance between a dimension line and the object is3/8 inch, while the minimum spacing between two dimension lines is 1/4inch. These values can be increased when appropriate. After you selectthe Clean Dims option, the Clean Dimensions dialog box will appear(Figure 8–58).

STEP 17: On the work screen, select the Front, Top, Right-Side, and Detailedviews; then select DONE SEL on the Get Select menu.

Pro/ENGINEER’s default values for the Clean Dimensions dialog box are0.500 for the object Offset setting and 0.375 for the dimension Incrementsetting. You will keep these default settings.

STEP 18: Select APPLY; then CLOSE the dialog box.

After you apply the clean dimension settings, Pro/ENGINEER createssnap lines that will evenly space any dimension line. Dependingupon the complexity of the drawing, the applied settings might notcreate an ideal drawing. Snap lines do not print when the drawing isplotted.

STEP 19: Use drawing modification and manipulation tools to refine theplacement of dimensions.

Use available tools such as Move View, Move, Flip Arrows, and Move Text


Figure 8–57 The dimension item type Figure 8–58 The Clean Dimensions dialog box

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Figure 8–59 The final dimensioning scheme

to tweak the placement of dimensions. Your final dimensioning schemeshould appear as shown in Figure 8–59.


CREATING NOTES

Annotations can be added to a drawing using the Create >> Note option. Within the NoteTypes menu, options are available for creating notes with or without leader lines. Also,options are available for justifying text and for entering text from a file. In this segment ofthe tutorial, you will create text for the title block. The finished title block will appear asshown in Figure 8–60.

STEP 1: Use the MODIFY >> TEXT >> TEXT HEIGHT option to modifythe SCALE 0.500 note to have a text height of .0625 inches.

When a general view is added to a drawing, Pro/ENGINEER inserts a scalevalue. In this tutorial, the first general view has a scale value equal to 0.500.When selecting the SCALE 0.500 note, you have to select both the wordSCALE and the number 0.500.

Figure 8–60 Title block information

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326 Setting Display Modes

STEP 2: Use the MOVE option from the detail menu to move the SCALE 0.500note to the title block (Figure 8–60).

STEP 3: Select CREATE >> NOTE and create the text shown inFigure 8–60.

The Create >> Note option is used to add text to a drawing. Use thefollowing options to create each note:

• No leader Creates a note without a leader line.

• Enter Allows for the creation of a note through the keyboard.

• Horizontal Creates notes horizontally on the work screen.

STEP 4: Select CENTER on the Note Types menu.

The Center option center-justifies the note text. Other justification optionsavailable include left, right, and default.

STEP 5: Select MAKE NOTE to enter the text for the note.

STEP 6: Within the work screen, select the location for the INSTITUTIONNAME note.

STEP 7: In the textbox, enter your institution’s name as the note text.

In Pro/ENGINEER’s textbox, enter the text; then select the Enter key on thekeyboard.

STEP 8: Select ENTER on the keyboard to end the Make Note option.

STEP 9: Repeat the note-making steps to create the remaining notes shown inFigure 8–60.

STEP 10: Select DONE/RETURN from the Note Types menu to exit the notecreation menu.

STEP 11: Select MODIFY >> TEXT >> TEXT STYLE.

You will modify the text style and the text height of the Institution Nameand Drawing Name notes.

STEP 12: On the work screen, select the INSTITUTION NAME and theDRAWING NAME notes; then select DONE SEL from the Get Selectmenu.

STEP 13: On the Text Style dialog box, select FILLED as the Font(Figure 8–61).

STEP 14: On the Text Style dialog box, enter a text Height of 0.250(Figure 8–61).

STEP 15: Select OK on the Text Style dialog box.


SETTING DISPLAY MODES

The display of hidden lines on a drawing can be controlled with the display model optionsfound on the toolbar (e.g., wireframe, hidden line, and no hidden). Additionally, the tangentedge display mode can be set with the Environment dialog box. The problem with usingthese two methods to set the display mode of a drawing is that a selected setting, such ashidden line display, will affect the entire drawing. Often, it is necessary to set a differentdisplay mode for a view or for an individual entity. In the following steps, you will set thefront, top, and right-side views with a Hidden Line display. Additionally, the detailed viewwill be set with a No Hidden display.

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Figure 8–61 The text style dialog box


STEP 2: On the work screen, select the Front, Top, and Right-Side views.

STEP 3: Select DONE SEL on the Get Select menu (or select the middle mousebutton).

STEP 4: Select HIDDEN LINE as the display mode.

Other options available include wireframe, no hidden, anddefault. The default setting assumes the display mode selected fromthe toolbar.



You will next set a No Hidden display mode for the detailed view.

STEP 7: On the work screen, select the Detailed view.

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328 Setting Display Modes

STEP 8: Select DET INDEP on the View Display.

The Det Indep selection makes the Detail’s display mode independent fromits parent’s display mode.

STEP 9: Select NO HIDDEN as the display mode.


STEP 11: Save your drawing and purge old versions of the drawing by using theFILE >> DELETE >> OLD VERSIONS option.

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In this tutorial you will create the drawing shown in Figure 8–62. As with the first tutor-ial in this chapter, the start of this tutorial will require you to model the part. As shown inFigure 8–62, two different view types will be created: a general view and a projectionview.

As shown in Figure 8–62, this tutorial demonstrates the creation of tolerances on aPro/ENGINEER drawing. This tutorial covers:

• Starting a drawing.

• Establishing drawing setup values.

• Creating a general view.

• Creating a right-side view.

• Setting and renaming datum planes.

• Creating dimensions.

• Setting geometric tolerances.

• Setting dimensional tolerances.

• Creating a title block.

T U T O R I A L

DRAWING TUTORIAL 2

Figure 8–62 Pro/ENGINEER drawing with geometric tolerances

329

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330 Starting a Drawing

Figure 8–63 Part and dimensioning scheme

CREATING THE PART

Model the part shown in Figure 8–63. Name the part view2. When modeling the part, makesure that the locations of your datum planes match the locations of the datum planes shownin Figure 8–63 (especially datum plane DTM3). As a reference, later in this tutorial, thedefault datum planes DTM1, DTM2, and DTM3 will be renamed A, B, and C respectively.The dimensioning scheme shown in Figure 8–63 matches the design intent for the part.When modeling this part, make sure that these dimensions are incorporated into yourdesign.

STARTING A DRAWING

In this section of the tutorial you will create the object file for the drawing to be completed.


If Pro/ENGINEER is not open, start the application.

STEP 2: Set an appropriate Working Directory.


STEP 4: In the New dialog box, select DRAWING mode, then enter view2 as thename of the drawing file.

STEP 5: Select OK on the New dialog box.

After selecting OK on the dialog box, Pro/ENGINEER will reveal the NewDrawing dialog box. This dialog box is used to select a model from whichto create the drawing and to set a sheet size.

STEP 6: On the New Drawing dialog box, select the BROWSE option and locatethe view2 part (Figure 8–64).

Use the Browse option to locate the view2 part created in the first section ofthis tutorial. The part will serve as the Default model for the creation of thedrawing views.

STEP 7: On the New Drawing dialog box, under the Specify Sheet option, selectthe RETRIEVE FORMAT option (Figure 8–64).

The Specify Sheet option allows for the selection of a standard or user-defined sheet size. The Retrieve Format option allows for the retrieval of apredefined sheet format. When retrieving a format, the size of the sheetdefining the format defines the sheet size for the new drawing.

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STEP 8: Select the BROWSE option under the Format section of the NewDrawing dialog box.

The second Browse option allows you to browse the directory structure tolocate an existing sheet format.

STEP 9: Open “a.frm” as the Standard Sheet format.

Pro/ENGINEER provides a variety of standard sheet formats (e.g., A, B, C,D, and E). A user-defined format can also be selected. When you choose anexisting format, the size for the format defines the size of the drawingsheet.

STEP 10: Select OK on the New Drawing dialog box.

After selecting OK, Pro/ENGINEER launches its Drawing mode.

ESTABLISHING DRAWING SETUP VALUES

In this section of the tutorial you will temporarily set Pro/ENGINEER’s drawing settings.The Advanced >> Draw Setup >> Modify Value option is used to change the default set-tings for this specific drawing.

STEP 1: Select ADVANCED >> DRAW SETUP >> MODIFY VAL.

After you select the Modify Val option, Pro/ENGINEER opens the activedrawing setup file with the current text editing application (e.g., Notepad).The drawing setup file is a text file that can be modified with any texteditor.


Figure 8–64 New Drawing dialog box

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332 Creating the General View

Table 8–3 Values for drawing setup

Drawing Setup Item New Value

drawing_text_height 0.125text_width_factor 0.750dim_leader_length 0.175dim_text_gap 0.125tol_display YESdraw_arrow_length 0.125draw_arrow_style filleddraw_arrow_width 0.0416gtol_datums STD_ISO

Figure 8–65 The frontview

STEP 2: Change the Text, Arrowhead, and Datum values for the current drawing.

Within the drawing setup file, make the changes shown in Table 8–3. Theitem tol_display displays dimensions in tolerance mode. The itemgtol_datums, when set to a value of STD_ISO, displays datums in the ISOformat.

STEP 3: Save the modified values for the active drawing setup file; then exit.

Save your drawing setup file values; then exit the text editor.

CREATING THE GENERAL VIEW

General views serve as the parent view for all views projected off of it. In this section ofthe tutorial you will create a general view as the front view of the drawing, as shown inFigure 8–65.

STEP 1: Select VIEWS >> ADD VIEW >> GENERAL >> FULL VIEW.

The Add View option is selected by default. Since no views currently existwithin the drawing, general is the only view type available.

STEP 2: Select NoXsec >> SCALE >> DONE.

No Xsec is selected by default. The Section option allows for the creation orretrieval of a section view. The Scale option allows for the entering of ascale value for the drawing view.

STEP 3: On the work screen, select the location for the Front view.

The drawing under creation in this tutorial will consist of a front view and aright-side view. The general view currently being defined will serve as thefront view. On the work screen, pick approximately where the front viewwill be located. Once placed, the Views >> Move View option can be usedto reposition the location of any view.

STEP 4: Enter .500 as the scale value for the view.

A scale value of .500 creates a view at half-scale. The defining of a scalevalue is required due to the selection of the Scale option in step 2.

After you enter the scale value, Pro/ENGINEER inserts the model intothe work screen with the default orientation. The Orientation dialog box isused to orient the view correctly.

INSTRUCTIONAL NOTE Depending upon your part construction method, your default orientationmight be different from the orientation shown in Figure 8–66. Adjust your view orientation reference selectionsaccordingly. Your final view should match the front view shown in Figure 8–65.

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REFERENCE 1: TOP

REFERENCE 2: LEFT

Figure 8–66 Orienting the model

STEP 5: On the Orientation dialog box, select TOP as the Reference 1 option.

MODELING POINT When selecting references to orient a model, it is often helpful to turn off alldatum planes and to display the model as No Hidden. This technique will provide clarity when selecting areference surface.

STEP 6: Select the top of the model (see Figure 8–66).

A planar surface selected with the Top reference option will orient thesurface toward the top of the work screen.

STEP 7: On the Orientation dialog box, select LEFT as the Reference 2 option.

STEP 8: Select the side of the model that points toward the left of the workscreen (Figure 8–66).

Select the surface shown in Figure 8–66. If your default model doesnot appear as shown in Figure 8–66, adjust your reference selectionaccordingly. Your final orientation should appear as shown inFigure 8–65.

STEP 9: Select OK on the orientation dialog box.

Your front view should appear as shown in Figure 8–65.


Drawings are saved with an *.drw file extension.

CREATING THE RIGHT-SIDE VIEW

In this segment of the tutorial you will create the right-side view of the part.


STEP 2: Select DONE.

Since Projection, Full View, and NoXsec are the default selections, you onlyhave to select DONE to perform this step.

STEP 3: On the work screen, select the location for the Right-Side view.

Pro/ENGINEER will create a projected view based on its parent view. Yourview should appear as shown in Figure 8–67. The Views >> Move Viewoption can be used to reposition a view.

STEP 4: On the toolbar, select the Hidden Line icon (Figure 8–68).

Selecting Hidden Line as the model display mode will produce hidden lineswhen the drawing is plotted.


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SETTING AND RENAMING DATUM PLANES

In this section of the tutorial you will set and rename the datum planes. To utilize datumplanes within a drawing, with geometric tolerances, they first have to be set. The SetUp >> Geom Tol option is used to set datums in Part mode. The Modify >> Datum/Axisoption in Drawing mode is used in this tutorial to set datums. Also, in Drawing mode, theCreate >> Geom Tol option can be used to set datums.

STEP 1: On the toolbar, turn ON the display of datums planes (Figure 8–69).

STEP 2: Select MODIFY >> DATUM/AXIS.

STEP 3: On the work screen, select datum plane DTM3.

Select datum plane DTM3. If, during the construction process, the locationof your datum plane DTM3 does not match the location of DTM3 asshown previously in Figure 8–63, adjust your datum selection to match thisfigure. After you select this datum plane, the Datum dialog box will appear(Figure 8–70).

STEP 4: Rename this datum plane A.

As shown in Figure 8–70, in the Name textbox, rename DTM3 to a valueof A.

STEP 5: On the Datum dialog box, set the datum by selecting the datum planesymbol button (Figure 8–70).

334 Setting and Renaming Datum Planes

Figure 8–70 Datum dialog box

Figure 8–68 Display toolbar

Figure 8–69 Datumtoolbar

Figure 8–67 The front and right-side views

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Figure 8–71 ISO datum plane symbol Figure 8–72 Setting datum planes

ERASE EXTRA DATUM PLANE SYMBOL

Figure 8–73 Erase the extra datum plane symbol

STEP 6: Select OK on the Datum dialog box to accept the values.

After you select OK, notice on the work screen how the datum symbol isnow displayed in the ISO format (Figure 8–71).

STEP 7: Use the MOVE option from the Detail menu to move datum Plane Ato the location shown in Figure 8–71.

INSTRUCTIONAL NOTE If your location of datum plane A does not match the location shown inFigure 8–71, you probably extruded the base protrusion of the part the wrong direction. This can be fixed inPart mode by redefining the direction of extrusion.

STEP 8: Use the MODIFY >> DATUM/AXIS option to set datum plane DTM2and rename it B (Figure 8–72).

STEP 9: Use the MODIFY >> DATUM/AXIS option to set datum plane DTM1and rename it C (Figure 8–72).


As shown in Figure 8–73, two datum plane B symbols are available in thedrawing. Except for the need for clarity, only one datum plane symbol isrequired. Use the Show/Erase dialog box to erase the second datum plane Bsymbol.

STEP 11: On the Show/Erase dialog box, select the ERASE option and then selectthe DATUM type (Figure 8–74).

STEP 12: On the Show/Erase dialog box, make sure that the SELECT ITEMSErase By item type is selected.

The Select Items Erase By item type will erase only items that are selectedon the work screen.

STEP 13: On the work screen, select the extra datum plane symbol B; then selectDONE SEL from the Get Select menu (Figure 8–73).


Figure 8–74 Datum plane item

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CREATING DIMENSIONS

This segment of the tutorial will show the parametric dimensions that were created whenthe model was constructed in Part mode. You will use the Show/Erase option to show alldimensions and centerlines.


The Show/Erase option is used to show or not show items that were definedin Part and/or Assembly modes.

STEP 2: On the Show/Erase dialog box, select the SHOW option and deselectthe DATUM option (see Figure 8–75).

From the previous segment of this tutorial, the Erase option and the Datumitem type should still be selected. If they are, select the Show option and de-select the Datum option.

STEP 3: On the Show/Erase dialog box, select the DIMENSION and AXIS itemtypes (Figure 8–75).

The Dimension item type option shows parametric dimensions that werecreated in Part mode. The Axis item type creates centerlines.


Figure 8–75 The Show/Erase dialog box

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STEP 4: On the Show/Erase dialog box, under the Options tab, check theERASED and NEVER SHOWN options.

The Erased option shows items that have previously been erased and theNever Shown option shows items that have never been shown.

STEP 5: On the Show/Erase dialog box under the Preview tab, uncheck theWITH PREVIEW option (Figure 8–76).

Due to the limited number of dimensions in this tutorial, you need not pre-view your dimensions.

STEP 6: Select the SHOW ALL option, and then select YES to confirm theshow all.

The Show All option will show all available item types. In this step of thetutorial, all dimensions available from the referenced model are shown.


Your drawing should appear similar to Figure 8–77. Previously, you set theDrawing Setup File option tol_display equal to a value of YES. This createdthe tolerance display shown on your drawing.

STEP 8: Use the MOVE, MOVE TEXT, SWITCH VIEW, and FLIP ARROWSoptions to reposition the dimensions and datums to match Figure 8–77.

Use the following options from the Detail menu to reposition the dimen-sions on the work screen:

• Move The Move option is used to move items on the work screen.Move the shown dimensions to view them better.

• Move text The Move Text option is used to move dimension text. Thisoption will move dimension text but not the actual dimension.

• Switch view The Switch View option is used to switch a dimensionfrom one view to another. To switch dimensions from one view to an-other, first, select the dimension text with the left mouse button; second,select the middle mouse button to end the selection of dimensions; andthird, with the left mouse button select the view to place the dimensions.

• Flip arrows The Flip Arrows option is used to flip dimension arrow-heads.

STEP 9: MOVE dimension witness lines to create witness line gaps.

Where a dimension’s witness line is linked to an entity, a visible gap (ap-proximately 1/16-inch wide) is required. Use the Move option to createthese gaps in each view.

STEP 10: Select the TOOLS >> CLEAN DIMS option.

The Clean Dims option consistently spaces dimensions on a drawing view.


Figure 8–76 Showing without a preview Figure 8–77 Drawing with dimensions and centerlines

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STEP 11: On the work screen, select the Front and Right-Side views; then selectDone Sel from the Get Select menu.

Pro/ENGINEER’s default values for the Clean Dimensions dialog box are0.500 for the object Offset setting and 0.375 for the dimension Incrementsetting. Keep these default settings.

STEP 12: Select APPLY, and then close the dialog box.

After you apply the clean dimension settings, Pro/ENGINEER creates snaplines that will space dimension lines evenly. Depending upon the complexityof the drawing, the applied settings might not create an ideal drawing.

STEP 13: Use Dimension Modification tools to refine the placement of dimensionsand datums.

Use available tools such as Move View, Move, Flip Arrows, and Move Textto tweak the placement of dimensions. Your final dimensioning schemeshould appear as shown in Figure 8–77.


SETTING GEOMETRIC TOLERANCES

Geometric tolerances are used to control the form and/or location of geometric features.Within Pro/ENGINEER, geometric tolerances can be incorporated into a model throughpart, assembly, or drawing mode. Chapter 2 provides a discussion on setting geometric tol-erances in part mode. This tutorial will first establish a Position tolerance (±.004 at MMC)for the 1-inch nominal diameter hole. Second, an Angular tolerance (±.005) will be pro-vided for the 50-degree angled surface. Your final geometric tolerances should appear asshown in Figure 8–78.

STEP 1: Select the CREATE option on the Detail menu.

STEP 2: Select the GEOM TOL option.

After you select the Geom Tol option, the Geometric Tolerance menu isdisplayed (Figure 8–79). This is the same Geometric Tolerance menu that

338 Setting Geometric Tolerances

Figure 8–79 GEOM TOL menuFigure 8–78 Drawing with geometric tolerances

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can be found in part mode. From this step forward, the steps for creatinggeometric tolerances are the same in drawing mode as they are in part mode.

STEP 3: Select the SPECIFY TOL option.

After you select the Specify Tol option, the Geometric Tolerance dialog boxis displayed. This is the same dialog box that can be found in part andassembly modes. See Chapter 2 for a full review of this dialog box.

STEP 4: On the Geometric Tolerance dialog box, select the POSITION tolerancesymbol (Figure 8–80).

STEP 5: On the Toolbar, turn on the display of Axes (Figure 8–81).

In this portion of the tutorial you will create a Position tolerance for the1.00 inch nominal size hole. Because a Position tolerance affects the axisof a hole, you will be required to select the hole’s axis in the next step ofthis tutorial.

STEP 6: On the Geometric Tolerance dialog box, change the Reference Type toAXIS (Figure 8–80).

STEP 7: On the work screen, select the axis at the center of the hole (Figure 8–80).

STEP 8: On the Geometric Tolerance dialog box, change the Placement Type toDIMENSION (Figure 8–80).

STEP 9: On the work screen, select the 1.00 inch diameter dimension value(Figure 8–80).

When selecting the dimension value, you have to select the dimension text.The nominal size of the hole is 1.00 inch. The dimension should currentlybe displayed with a Limit Tolerance format. This will be modified in a later

A_1 A_1

POSITIONTOLERANCE

REFERENCESELECTION

PLACEMENTSELECTION

AXIS REFERENCE DIMENSION TO ATTACHFEATURE CONTROL FRAME

Figure 8–80 Geometric Tolerance dialog box Figure 8–81 Datumaxis display

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step. After performing this step, notice on the work screen how the featurecontrol frame is now visible.

STEP 10: On the Geometric Tolerance dialog box, select the DATUM REFS tab.

STEP 11: On the Geometric Tolerance dialog box, under the PRIMARY DatumReferences tab, set the Basic datum to A (Figure 8–82).

Notice how the feature control frame updates dynamically.

STEP 12: On the Geometric Tolerance dialog box, under the SECONDARYDatum Reference tab, set the Basic datum to B (Figure 8–83).

STEP 13: On the Geometric Tolerance dialog box, under the TERTIARY DatumReference tab, set the Basic datum to C.

STEP 14: On the Geometric Tolerance dialog box, under the TOL VALUE tab, setthe Overall Tolerance to a value of 0.004 and set the MATERIALCONDITION to MMC (Figure 8–84).

STEP 15: On the Geometric Tolerance dialog box, under the SYMBOLS tab,check the Diameter Symbol option (Figure 8–85).

Since a Position tolerance for a hole creates a cylindrical tolerance zone, itrequires a diameter symbol with the tolerance value. Notice how the featurecontrol frame updates dynamically.

STEP 16: Select OK on the Geometric Tolerance dialog box.


Figure 8–82 Primary datum selection

Figure 8–83 Secondary datum selection

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STEP 17: Select YES to confirm the setting of Basic dimensions (if available).

Your drawing should appear as shown in Figure 8–86. Notice how the valueof each location dimension is enclosed in a box. This represents a basicdimension. The confirmation required in this step sets the hole’s locationdimensions to basic. If you do not get this message, use the ModifyDimension dialog box (Modify >> Dimension) to set each locationdimension as basic.

STEP 18: Select CREATE >> GEOM TOL.

In the remaining steps of this segment of the tutorial, you will create theangular geometric tolerance.


Figure 8–84 Tolerance value

Figure 8–85 Diameter symbols selection

Figure 8–86 Position tolerance

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STEP 19: Select the SPECIFY TOL option.

STEP 20: On the Geometric Tolerance dialog box, select the ANGULARtolerance symbol (Figure 8–87).

STEP 21: On the Geometric Tolerance dialog box, change the Reference Type toSURFACE (Figure 8–87); then on the work screen select the edge of theangled surface.

STEP 22: Change the Placement Type to LEADERS (Figure 8–87).

The feature control frame is attached to the surface with a leader.

STEP 23: Select ON ENTITY >> ARROW HEAD on the Attachment Typemenu (Figure 8–88).

STEP 24: On the work screen, select the edge of the angled surface.

The selected location on the edge is the attachment point for the leader.

STEP 25: Select the DONE option on the Attachment Type menu (Figure 8–88).

STEP 26: On the work screen, select a location for the Feature Control Frame.

STEP 27: On the Geometric Tolerance dialog box, under the Datum Refs tab, setthe PRIMARY datum reference to B (Figure 8–89).

An Angular Geometric tolerance requires one datum reference. In thisexample, datum plane B is used as the datum reference.

STEP 28: On the Geometric Tolerance dialog box, under the Datum Refs tab, set theSECONDARY and TERTIARY datum references to NONE (Figure 8–89).

STEP 29: On the Geometric Tolerance dialog box, under the Tol Value tab, set theOverall Tolerance to a value of 0.005 and set the Material Condition toRFS [no symbol] (Figure 8–90).

STEP 30: On the Geometric Tolerance dialog box, under the Symbols tab,uncheck the DIAMETER SYMBOL button (Figure 8–90).

Angular Geometric tolerances do no create cylindrical tolerance zones.Hence, they do not require a diameter symbols.

STEP 31: Select OK on the Geometric Tolerance dialog box.

Due to the Angular Geometric tolerance, the dimension defining the size ofthe angle (50-degree nominal size) should be set as basic.


ANGULARTOLERANCE

SURFACE REFERENCE LEADERPLACEMENT

Figure 8–87 Geometric Tolerance dialog box Figure 8–88 Arrowhead menu

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STEP 32: Select CREATE >> GEOM TOL >> BASIC DIM; then select the 50angular dimension value.

STEP 33: Select DONE SEL or your Middle-Mouse button.

STEP 34: Select DONE on the Exit menu.

Your drawing should appear as the one in Figure 8–91.


PRIMARY DATUM REFERENCE SECONDARY DATUM REFERENCE

DATUM B

Figure 8–89 Datum reference selection

Figure 8–90 Tolerance value and diameter symbol

Figure 8–91 Geometric tolerances

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SETTING DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES

In this segment of the tutorial you will create the dimensional tolerances shown inFigure 8–92. Previously in this exercise, you set the Drawing Setup File option display_tolto YES. This option is used to display dimensions in a tolerance format.

STEP 1: Select MODIFY >> DIMENSION.

STEP 2: On the work screen, select the hole’s diameter dimension value; thenselect DONE SEL.

In this portion of the tutorial you will create a tolerance dimension definingthe size of the hole.

STEP 3: On the Modify Dimension dialog box, change the Tolerance Mode to+−SYMMETRIC (Figure 8–93).

STEP 4: On the Modify Dimension dialog box, change the Number of Digits to avalue of 3 (Figure 8–93).

STEP 5: On the Modify Dimension dialog box, change the Tolerance value to0.003 (Figure 8–93).

This changes the tolerance of the hole dimension to +−0.003 inches.

STEP 6: Select OK on the Modify Dimension dialog box.

Your dimension note should appear as shown in Figure 8–94.

344 Setting Dimensional Tolerances

Figure 8–93 Modify Dimension dialog box

Figure 8–92 Dimensional tolerances

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STEP 7: Select MODIFY >> DIMENSION.

In this portion of the tutorial you will modify the remaining dimension tohave a tolerance value of +−0.004 with a Limit format.

STEP 8: As shown in Figure 8–95, select the remaining four dimensionsthat are currently displayed with a Limit format; then select DONESEL.

STEP 9: On the Modify Dimension dialog box, change the Number of Digits to avalue of 3 (Figure 8–96).

STEP 10: On the Modify Dimension dialog box, change the Tolerance Modeto +−SYMMETRIC; then change the Tolerance value to 0.004(Figure 8–96).

Changing the tolerance mode to +−Symmetric will allow you to changethe tolerance value for all four dimensions at once. In the next step, you willchange the tolerance mode back to Limits.


Figure 8–95 Dimensions to change format

Figure 8–94 Hole dimensionnote

Figure 8–96 Modify Dimension dialog box

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346 Creating the Title Block

Figure 8–97 Limits tolerance format

Figure 8–98 Final dimensioning and tolerance scheme

Figure 8–99 Title block

STEP 11: Change the Tolerance Mode to LIMITS (Figure 8–97); then select OKon the Modify Dimension dialog box.

Your drawing should appear as shown in Figure 8–98.

CREATING THE TITLE BLOCK

Use the Create >> Note option to create the title block information shown in Fig-ures 8–99 and 8–100. Use the Move option to move the scale note SCALE 0.5000. TheModify >> Text >> Text Style option can be used to modify the height and style ofany text.

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PROBLEMS

1. Model the part shown in Figure 8–101. For this problem, meet the following requirements:

• The dimensions shown in the figure meet design intent. During part modeling, incorporatethese dimensions.

• Create an engineering drawing with front, top, and right-side views.

• Use an A size sheet and format.

• Fully dimension the engineering drawing using the part’s parametric dimensions.











• Apply geometric tolerance annotations and ISO datum plane symbols as shown in the figure.


Figure 8–100 Finished drawing

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348 Problems

Figure 8–101 Problem 1



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QUESTIONS AND DISCUSSION

1. What is the default dimension text height of a Pro/ENGINEER drawing and how can this textheight be changed for an individual drawing? How can the default text height be changedpermanently?

2. Describe the process used in Pro/ENGINEER’s drawing mode to add a border/title blockoverlay to a drawing. How are border/title block overlays created in Pro/ENGINEER?

3. Explain the difference between erasing a drawing view and deleting a drawing view.

4. What is the difference between a general view and a projection view?

5. Explain the difference between the Drawing mode views Half, Partial, and Broken.

6. How can a hidden line display be set permanently in a specific drawing view?

7. How can tangent edge display be turned off permanently in a specific drawing view?

8. Describe the process used in drawing mode to display parametric dimensions and centerlines.

9. Describe the process for adding symbols to a dimension note.


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Documents

CREATING A PRO/ENGINEER DRAWING