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26/1/2015 Create and Consume RESTFul Service in .NET Framework 4.0 CodeProject http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/255684/CreateandConsumeRESTFulServiceinNETFramewor 1/11 11,177,812 members ﴾80,865 online﴿ 126 Sign out julvertvargas home quick answers discussions features community help Search for articles, questions, tips Articles » Platforms, Frameworks & Libraries » Windows Communication Foundation » General Info First Posted 16 Sep 2011 Views 259,785 Downloads 11,267 Bookmarked 190 times Arthanarieaswaran, 23 Mar 2012 CPOL Rate: Download demo ‐ 15.43 KB Create and Consume RESTFul Service in .NET Framework 4.0 Explains the basics of REST services and create & consume RESTful service in ASP.NET About This I am writing this article to explain creating & consuming RESTFul service using .NET Framework 4.0. What is Web Services, WCF? Web Service Web Service is like components on a Web Server, client application uses this service by calling Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) requests across the Web. Using ASP.NET, we can create custom Web Services, and call these services from any client applications. Web Services are platform, programming language independent; they send as well as receive data using Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) messages. WCF Windows Communication Foundation ﴾WCF﴿ is Microsoft’s combined programming model for building service‐oriented architecture (SOA). Using this, the developer can build a secure, reliable, transacted solutions across platforms. WCF supports concentrated computing where services have isolated consumers. Clients can consume multiple services as well as services can be consumed by multiple clients. For creating basic application in WCF, please refer to the article “Introduction of Window Communication Foundation”. Web Services WCF Services Web services were developed for building applications that send and receive messages by using the Simple Object Access Protocol ﴾SOAP﴿ over HTTP. The structure of the messages can be defined using an XML Schema, and a tool is provided to facilitate serializing the messages to and from .NET Framework objects. The technology can automatically generate metadata to describe Web services in the Web Services Description Language ﴾WSDL﴿ WCF services were developed for building applications to send and receive messing by using many formats and conveyed by using any transport protocol. Simple Object Access Protocol ﴾SOAP﴿ is used by default format.The structure of the messages can be defined using an XML Schema, and there are various options for serializing the messages to and from .NET Framework objects. WCF can automatically generate metadata to describe applications built using the technology in WSDL, and it also provides a tool for generating clients for those applications from the WSDL. Support for sending messages using not only HTTP, but also 4.78 ﴾61 votes﴿ × Sign up for our free weekly Web Developer Newsletter. articles

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    home quick answers discussions features community help Searchforarticles,questions,tips

    Articles Platforms, Frameworks & Libraries Windows Communication Foundation General

    Info

    First Posted 16 Sep 2011

    Views 259,785

    Downloads 11,267

    Bookmarked 190 times

    Arthanarieaswaran, 23 Mar 2012 CPOL Rate:

    Download demo 15.43 KB

    Create and Consume RESTFul Service in .NET Framework4.0

    Explains the basics of REST services and create & consume RESTful service in ASP.NET

    About ThisI am writing this article to explain creating & consuming RESTFul service using .NET Framework 4.0.

    What is Web Services, WCF?

    Web Service

    Web Service is like components on a Web Server, client application uses this service by calling Hypertext TransferProtocol (HTTP) requests across the Web. Using ASP.NET, we can create custom Web Services, and call theseservices from any client applications.

    Web Services are platform, programming language independent; they send as well as receive data using SimpleObject Access Protocol (SOAP) messages.

    WCF

    Windows Communication Foundation WCF is Microsofts combined programming model for buildingserviceoriented architecture (SOA). Using this,thedeveloper can build a secure, reliable, transacted solutionsacross platforms.

    WCF supports concentrated computing where services have isolated consumers. Clients can consume multipleservices as well as services can be consumed by multiple clients.

    For creating basic application in WCF, please refer to the article Introduction of Window CommunicationFoundation.

    Web Services WCF Services

    Web services were developed forbuilding applications that send andreceive messages by using the SimpleObject Access Protocol SOAP overHTTP. The structure of the messagescan be defined using an XML Schema,and a tool is provided to facilitateserializing the messages to and from.NET Framework objects. Thetechnology can automatically generatemetadata to describe Web services inthe Web Services DescriptionLanguage WSDL

    WCF services were developed for building applications tosend and receive messing by using many formats andconveyed by using any transport protocol. Simple ObjectAccess Protocol SOAP is used by default format.Thestructure of the messages can be defined using an XMLSchema, and there are various options for serializing themessages to and from .NET Framework objects. WCF canautomatically generate metadata to describe applicationsbuilt using the technology in WSDL, and it also provides atool for generating clients for those applications from theWSDL.

    Support for sending messages using not only HTTP, but also

    4.78 61 votes

    Sign up for our free weekly Web Developer Newsletter.

    articles

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    TCP and other network protocols. The ability to switchmessage protocols with minimal effort. Support for hostingservices on hosts other than a Web server. Builtin supportfor the latest Web services standards SOAP 1.2 and WS*and the ability to easily support new ones. Support forsecurity, transactions and reliability. Support for sendingmessages using formats other than SOAP.

    XmlSerializer DataContractSerializer

    ASP.NET relies on the XmlSerializerto translate data represented by .NETFramework types to XML fortransmission to or from a service andto translate data received as XML into.NET Framework objects. Defining thecomplex data types that an ASP.NETservice is to use requires the definitionof .NET Framework classes that theXmlSerializercan serialize to andfrom XML.

    The DataContractAttributesignifies that zero or moreof a types fields or properties are to be serialized, while theDataMemberAttributeindicates that a particular field orproperty is to be serialized. The DataContractAttributecan be applied to a class or structure. TheDataMemberAttributecan be applied to a field or aproperty, and the fields and properties to which theattribute is applied can be either publicor private.Instances of types that have the DataContractAttributeapplied to them are referred to as data contracts in WCF.They are serialized into XML usingDataContractSerializer.

    The XmlSerializerand theattributes of theSystem.Xml.Serializationnamespace are designed to allow youto map .NET Framework types to anyvalid type defined in XML Schema, andso they provide for very precise controlover how a type is represented in XML.

    The DataContractSerializer,DataContractAttributeand DataMemberAttributeprovide very little control over how a type is represented inXML. You can only specify the namespaces and names usedto represent the type and its fields or properties in the XML,and the sequence in which the fields and properties appearin the XML. Everything else about the structure of the XMLused to represent the .NET type is determined by theDataContractSerializer. By not permitting muchcontrol over how a type is to be represented in XML, theserialization process becomes highly predictable for theDataContractSerializer, and, thereby, easier tooptimize.

    Lesser performance compared withWCF DataContractSerializer.

    A practical benefit of the design of theDataContractSerializeris better performance,approximately ten percent better performance.

    The attributes for use with theXmlSerializerdo not indicatewhich fields or properties of the typeare serialized into XML.

    DataMemberAttributefor use with theDataContractSerializershows explicitly which fields orproperties are serialized. Therefore, data contracts areexplicit contracts about the structure of the data that anapplication is to send and receive.

    The XmlSerializercan onlytranslate the publicmembers of a.NET object into XML.

    The DataContractSerializercan translate themembers of objects into XML regardless of the accessmodifiers of those members.

    Instances of collection classes can beserialized into XML only if the classesimplement either the IEnumerableor ICollectioninterface.

    The DataContractSerializeris much more likely to beable to serialize the instances of any preexisting .NET typeinto XML without having to either modify the definition ofthe type or develop a wrapper for it.

    Classes that implement theIDictionaryinterface, such asHashtable, cannot be serialized intoXML.

    It can translate into XML types like Hashtablethatimplement the IDictionaryinterface.

    XmlSerializerdoes not supportversioning.

    The DataContractSerializerincorporates somesupport for versioning.

    XmlSerializerserializes a type bydefault is semantically identical to theXML.

    DataContractSerializerserializes a type, provided thenamespace for the XML is explicitly defined.

    What is REST & RESTful?Representational State Transfer REST is introduced by Roy Fielding on 2000; it is an architectural style oflargescale networked software that takes advantage of the technologies and protocols of the World Wide Web.REST illustrate how concentrated data objects, or resources, can be defined and addressed, stressing the easy

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    exchange of information and scalability.

    In 2000, Roy Fielding, one of the primary authors of the HTTP specification, wrote a doctoral dissertation titledArchitectural Styles and the Design of Networkbased Software Architectures.

    REST, an architectural style for building distributed hypermedia driven applications, involves building ResourceOriented Architecture (ROA) by defining resources that implement uniform interfaces using standard HTTP verbsGET, POST, PUT, and DELETE, and that can be located/identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI).

    REST is not tied to any particular technology or platform its simply a way to design things to work like the Web.People often refer to services that follow this philosophy as RESTful services. WCF Services which is developedusing REST architectural style is known as RESTFul Services.

    WCF Services RESTFul Services

    Endpoints have to create for each networkprotocol

    It can be connect over "Web" with HTTPrequest/response messages.

    It works based on the Remote ProceduralCall RPC

    It is working with HTTP's uniform interface

    Service Reference has to add in the clientapplications

    No need to add the service reference in the clientapplications

    What is the REST Starter Kit?The WCF REST Starter Kit is a set of .NET Framework classes and Visual Studio features and templates thatenable users to create and access RESTstyle Windows Communication Foundation WCF services. These servicesare based on the WCF web programming model available in .NET 3.5 SP1. The starter kit also contains the fullsource code for all features, detailed code samples, and unit tests.

    Creating basic RESTFul Service

    Step 1

    Create a new WCF project using VS2010.

    Language Visual C# or Visual Basic

    Target Framework .NET Framework 4

    Installed Templates WCF

    Template WCF Service Application

    Name RESTFulDemo

    Step 2

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    Delete the existing IService1.cs & Service1.svc files and create two new files, IRESTService.cs & RESTService.cs.

    Step 3

    Create the person entity in the IService.cs it can be created separately and write asimple member for this entity.For DataContractSerializationdecorate this class and member with DataContract& DataMemberattributes. See the code below:

    Collapse | Copy Code

    [DataContract]publicclassPerson{[DataMember]publicstringID;[DataMember]publicstringName;[DataMember]publicstringAge;}

    Personclass and its members decorated with [DataContract] & [DataMember] usingSystem.Runtime.Serializationnamespace.

    [DataContract] An entity class which can be DataContractSerializableover the network.[Datamember] Only decorated with [Datamember] property can be serializable & also property of theclass must be decorated with [DataContract]

    Step 4

    Create methods in IRESTService class and interface decorated with [ServiceContract] & its membersdecorated with [OperationContrat] using System.ServiceModelnamespace.

    Collapse | Copy Code

    [ServiceContract]publicinterfaceIRestSerivce{[OperationContract]PersonCreatePerson(PersoncreatePerson);

    [OperationContract]ListGetAllPerson();

    [OperationContract]PersonGetAPerson(stringid);

    [OperationContract]PersonUpdatePerson(stringid,PersonupdatePerson);

    [OperationContract]voidDeletePerson(stringid);}

    [ServiceContract] A service contract exposes class or interface to the client applications, which maycontain one or more [OperationContract] methods.[OperationContract] Indicates that a method defines an operation that is part of a service contract inan application, i.e., only the method decorated with [OperationContract] is visible for WCF clientapplication and class of this method must be decorated with [ServiceContract].

    Step 5

    Up to this level, code is similar to that normal WCF services, RESTful services works under HTTP protocol, as thereis two important attributes WebGet & WebInvoke System.ServiceModel.Webnamespace has to include formaking this application as RESTful service.

    WebGet and WebInvoke

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    WebGet operation is logically receiving the information from a service operation & it can be called by the RESTprogramming model. The WebGet attribute is applied to a service operation in addition to theOperationContract and associates the operation with a UriTemplateas well as the HTTP protocol Get verb.

    WebInvoke operation logically raises a service option & it can be called by the REST programming model. TheWebInvoke attribute is applied to a service operation in addition to the OperationContract and associates theoperation with a UriTemplateas well as an underlying transport verb that represents an invocation forexample, HTTP POST, PUT, or DELETE. WebInvoke has a property called Method, it allows specifying differenttypes of HTTP methods POST, PUTor DELETE, and by default Methodis POST.

    Collapse | Copy Code

    [ServiceContract]publicinterfaceIRestSerivce{//POSToperation[OperationContract][WebInvoke(UriTemplate="",Method="POST")]PersonCreatePerson(PersoncreatePerson);

    //GetOperation[OperationContract][WebGet(UriTemplate="")]ListGetAllPerson();[OperationContract][WebGet(UriTemplate="{id}")]PersonGetAPerson(stringid);

    //PUTOperation[OperationContract][WebInvoke(UriTemplate="{id}",Method="PUT")]PersonUpdatePerson(stringid,PersonupdatePerson);

    //DELETEOperation[OperationContract][WebInvoke(UriTemplate="{id}",Method="DELETE")]voidDeletePerson(stringid);}

    Please see the modified code for IRESTService interface, WebGet & WebInvoke attributes decorates formethods available in the IRESTService interface.

    Collapse | Copy Code

    PersonCreatePerson(PersoncreatePerson);//Itisbasicallyinsertoperation,soWebInvokeHTTPPOSTisused

    ListGetAllPerson();PersonGetAPerson(stringid);//Thesetwomethodsretrievetheinformation,soWebGet(HTTPGet)isused

    PersonUpdatePerson(stringid,PersonupdatePerson);//Thismethodupdatestheavailableinformation,soWebInvokeHTTPPUTisused

    voidDeletePerson(stringid);//Thismethoddeletestheavailableinformation,//soWebInvokeHTTPDELETEisused

    Step 6

    Implement the IRESTService in the RESTService class and complete the business requirements. Please seethe sample code below:

    Collapse | Copy Code

    publicclassRestSerivce:IRestSerivce{Listpersons=newList();intpersonCount=0;

    publicPersonCreatePerson(PersoncreatePerson){createPerson.ID=(++personCount).ToString();persons.Add(createPerson);returncreatePerson;}publicListGetAllPerson(){returnpersons.ToList();}

    publicPersonGetAPerson(stringid){returnpersons.FirstOrDefault(e=>e.ID.Equals(id));}

    publicPersonUpdatePerson(stringid,PersonupdatePerson){Personp=persons.FirstOrDefault(e=>e.ID.Equals(id));

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    p.Name=updatePerson.Name;p.Age=updatePerson.Age;returnp;}

    publicvoidDeletePerson(stringid){persons.RemoveAll(e=>e.ID.Equals(id));}}

    Step 7

    We have to make this service able to be run in ASP.NET compatibility mode, for thisAspNetCompatibilityRequirements attributes have to decorate with the RESTService class.

    Collapse | Copy Code

    [AspNetCompatibilityRequirements (RequirementsMode=AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)]

    [ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode=InstanceContextMode.Single)]

    publicclassRESTSerivce:IRestSerivce{//CodeImplementation//......//......}

    In the above RESTService class additionally decorated with ServiceBehavior attribute, it specifies internalbehavior of a service operation.

    Step 8

    For using this RESTFul service application, this service has to host. So we need to be done below modification forrunning the RESTService.

    Modifying the Web.Cogfig FileRemove all the code inside the tag and insert the code below:

    Collapse | Copy Code

    tag helps to run the applications in ASP.NET compatibility mode. tag helps to get WebHelp for the RESTFul application.

    Add Global.asax FileWe can host RESTFul services using Global.asax file using the below code:

    Collapse | Copy Code

    RouteTable.Routes.Add(newServiceRoute ("RestService",newWebServiceHostFactory(),typeof(RESTSerivce)));

    Step 9

    Run the RESTFulDemo application, it will be open in the explorer and address bar contain the base address ofRESTFulDemo service.

    http://localhost:XXXX/

    Type the Routingprefix name RestService string value given in the global.asax file.

    http://localhost:XXXX/RestService It is basically URI of the Getoperation.

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    http://localhost:XXXX/restservice/help Itdisplays the help content for RESTFulDemo service.

    Still we saw about creating and hosting the RESTFul services, next we have to consume this service, therefore wewill see basic application to consume this RESTFulDemo service.

    Consuming RESTFul Service

    Step 1

    Add a new console application to RESTFulDemosolution.

    Language Visual C# or Visual Basic

    Target Framework .NET Framework 4

    Installed Templates WCF

    Template Console Application

    Name RESTClient

    Step 2

    Collapse | Copy Code

    do{try{stringcontent;Console.WriteLine("EnterMethod:");stringMethod=Console.ReadLine();

    Console.WriteLine("EnterURI:");stringuri=Console.ReadLine();

    HttpWebRequestreq=WebRequest.Create(uri)asHttpWebRequest;req.KeepAlive=false;req.Method=Method.ToUpper();

    if(("POST,PUT").Split(',').Contains(Method.ToUpper())){Console.WriteLine("EnterXMLFilePath:");stringFilePath=Console.ReadLine();

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    content=(File.OpenText(@FilePath)).ReadToEnd();

    byte[]buffer=Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(content);req.ContentLength=buffer.Length;req.ContentType="text/xml";StreamPostData=req.GetRequestStream();PostData.Write(buffer,0,buffer.Length);PostData.Close();}

    HttpWebResponseresp=req.GetResponse()asHttpWebResponse;

    Encodingenc=System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding(1252);StreamReaderloResponseStream=newStreamReader(resp.GetResponseStream(),enc);

    stringResponse=loResponseStream.ReadToEnd();

    loResponseStream.Close();resp.Close();Console.WriteLine(Response);}catch(Exceptionex){Console.WriteLine(ex.Message.ToString());}

    Console.WriteLine();Console.WriteLine("Doyouwanttocontinue?");}while(Console.ReadLine().ToUpper()=="Y");

    Step 3

    Before running the RESTFulDemoapplication, set multiple startup projects. Please see the below image:

    RUN the application. It will run theRESTFulDemoservice as well as RESTClient console application.

    HTTP GET Operation

    Enter Method: Get

    Enter URI: http://localhost:XXXX/restservice

    It gives the XML output in the console screen.

    HTTP POST Operation

    Enter Method: Post

    Enter URI: http://localhost:XXXX/restservice

    Enter XML File Path:

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    This operation createsanew person entity in the service, it can be seen in the browser by HTTP Getoperation.

    In the above screen, call the URI http://localhost:XXXX/restservice/1, URI ends with person ID 1. It calls theservice operation.

    Collapse | Copy Code

    [OperationContract][WebGet(UriTemplate="{id}")]PersonGetAPerson(stringid);

    So it retrieves the person with ID 1.

    Please refer to the attached project for detailed code.

    Fiddler tool is more useful to test the RESTFul services.

    ConclusionI hope this article helps youto understand basic concept of RESTFul and that the reader is able tocode to create& consume RESTFul service. Please let me know your valuable comments.

    References1. http://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/library/aa738737.aspx2. http://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/netframework/dd5473883. http://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/library/dd203052.aspx4. http://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/library/system.servicemodel.web.webinvokeattribute.aspx5. http://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/library/system.servicemodel.web.webgetattribute.aspx

    LicenseThis article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The Code Project Open LicenseCPOL

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    ArthanarieaswaranTechnical Lead India

    Artha is a Technical Lead in Windows Phone, WPF [MVVM, PRISM], ASP.NET [MVC 3.0 & 4.0], C#.NET, VB.NET andASP. Windows Phone

    Windows Phone Apps

    Microsoft Developer Network

    Basic Game Code With MVVM and Local Database SampleBasic WPF Code With MVVM and PRISM MEF DI ContainerCreating Single Page Application using Hot Towel Template

    Published Tools in Visual Studio Galleries

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    Microsoft Certified Professional Developer MCPD Microsoft ASP.NET Developer 3.5 070564, 070536, 070562,070 315

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