American History I Unit 3 Test“The American Revolution to Constitution”

Use the following cartoon to answer numbers 51-53:

51. Which of the following is not something that can be inferred from the speech bubble?a. Columbus’s accomplishment was very importantb. Columbus’s accomplishment was important mainly for Spain and/or Europe in generalc. The artist equates what Columbus did with the moon landingd. That Columbus knew exactly what he had discovered and what he had accomplished

52. Which of the following can be inferred from the objects that Columbus is holding in this cartoon?a. That his main mission was to force the Native Americans to become Christiansb. Though he may have to use force, his mission was to spread the glory of God and Countryc. That his intentions were purely peacefuld. That Columbus knew that this New World was a potentially fertile ground for the spread of Christianity and, in

particular, Catholicism.53. If it is true that Columbus did not know what he had accomplished, then what was it he thought he had done?

a. Discovered North and South America and brought civilization to the Western Hemisphereb. Acquired many new kingdoms for the Pope and the Catholic Church here in North and South Americac. Discovered a water route to China to establish profitable trade between China and Europed. Discovered North and South America and wiped them out with European diseases

Use the following to answer numbers 54-56:

One small step for manOne giant leap for my kind

54. Which of the following is being depicted in the map above?a. Columbus’s journey to the New Worldb. The Atlantic Slave Tradec. The Great Migration of Puritans to Massachusettsd. The movement of diseases like small pox across the Atlantic Ocean

55. Which of the following best describes the journey across the Atlantic Ocean?a. The Great Migrationb. The Silk Roadc. The Middle Passaged. The Oregon Trail

56. The most African slaves went to which of the following locations?a. Brazilb. The Southern United Statesc. The Caribbean d. Europe

Use the following to answer numbers 57-59:

57. Which of the following Colonial Regions was most know for Grain production, centers of trade, and religious safe havens for Quakers?

a. Southern Coloniesb. Northern Coloniesc. Middle Coloniesd. New England Colonies

58. Which of the following Colonial Regions was most known for small family farms, public education, safe havens for Puritans, and a colony formed on the basis of separation of Church and State?

a. Southern Coloniesb. Northern Coloniesc. Middle Coloniesd. New England Colonies

59. Which of the following Colonial Regions was known for Plantation Agriculture, slavery, religious safe haven for Catholics, and a “buffer zone” colony between the English Colonies and Spanish Florida?

a. Southern Coloniesb. Northern Coloniesc. Middle Coloniesd. New England Colonies

New England

Middle Colonies

Southern Colonies

Use the following excerpt from Common Sense to answer numbers 60-62 : I have heard it asserted by some, that as America has flourished under her former connection with Great Britain, the same connection is necessary towards her future happiness, and will always have the same effect. Nothing can be more fallacious than this kind of argument. We may as well assert that because a child has thrived upon milk, that it is never to have meat, or that the first twenty years of our lives is to become a precedent for the next twenty. But even this is admitting more than is true; for I answer roundly, that America would have flourished as much, and probably much more, had no European power taken any notice of her. The commerce by which she hath enriched herself are the necessaries of life, and will always have a market while eating is the custom of Europe.

60. The pamphlet Common Sense aided the American cause in the Revolutionary War because it:a. Convinced the French to join the fight against Englandb. Led to the repeal of the Stamp Actc. Created a new system of government for the United Statesd. Persuaded undecided individuals to support independence

61. Which of the following authored the above excerpt from the pamphlet Common Sense?a. John Lockeb. Ben Franklinc. Thomas Pained. Thomas Jefferson

62. Which of the following was not an argument used by the author to make his case for independence?a. England was 3000 miles away and it made no sense that an island control a continentb. America was not English anymore, that colonial diversity had reached a point where the Colonists no longer purely

identify with England as a “mother country”.c. Independence would gain the Colonies much needed foreign support from England’s traditional enemies, France and

Spain.d. That the Colonies stood to gain from being dragged into one war after another on the behalf of the British.

Use the following excerpt from the Declaration of Independence to answer numbers 63-65: We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundations on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness.

63. To which of the following did this description most accurately apply at the time of its signing on July 4, 1776?a. African Americansb. Womenc. White Malesd. White Male Property Owners

64. On the works of which of the following was the Declaration of Independence deeply influenced?a. Baron de Montesquieub. John Lockec. Jean-Jaques Rousseau d. Voltaire

65. Which of the following was most challenged by the Declaration of Independence?a. Mercantilismb. Salutary Neglectc. Feudalismd. Absolute Monarchy and Divine Right of Kings

Use the following passage from the Proclamation to answer the questions 66-68:And We do hereby strictly forbid, on Pain of our Displeasure, all our loving Subjects from making any Purchases or Settlements

whatever, or taking Possession of any of the Lands above reserved. without our especial leave and Licence for that Purpose first obtained.

And. We do further strictly enjoin and require all Persons whatever who have either wilfully or inadvertently seated themselves upon any Lands within the Countries above described. or upon any other Lands which, not having been ceded to or purchased by Us, are still reserved to the said Indians as aforesaid, forthwith to remove themselves from such Settlements.

And whereas great Frauds and Abuses have been committed in purchasing Lands of the Indians, to the great Prejudice of our Interests. and to the great Dissatisfaction of the said Indians: In order, therefore, to prevent such Irregularities for the future, and to the end that the Indians may be convinced of our Justice and determined Resolution to remove all reasonable Cause of Discontent, We do. with the Advice of our Privy Council strictly enjoin and require. that no private Person do presume to make any purchase from the said Indians of any Lands reserved to the said Indians, within those parts of our Colonies where, We have thought proper to allow Settlement: but that. if at any Time any of the Said Indians should be inclined to dispose of the said Lands, the same shall be Purchased only for Us, in our Name, at some public Meeting or Assembly of the said Indians, to be held for that Purpose by the Governor or Commander in Chief of our Colony respectively within which they shall lie: and in case they shall

66. How did this proclamation contribute to colonial unrest leading up to the Revolutionary War? A. Colonists wanted to settle in the Ohio Valley and lands farther west.B. Colonists felt that the British had abandoned them in North America.C. Colonists who had fought with the French were angry over their defeat.D. Colonists were unhappy with British aggression toward American Indians.

67. To which of the following regions did this Proclamation most apply?A. The Pacific CoastB. The Ohio River ValleyC. Spanish FloridaD. New England

68. Which of the following best describes the Colonial reaction to the Proclamation of 1763?A. Colonists moved west into the Ohio River Valley anyway despite British restrictionsB. Colonists strictly obeyed the British ruling and did not move westC. Colonists declared their Independence from Great BritainD. Colonists sent the Olive Branch Petition to England hoping for Home Rule

Use the following quote to answer numbers 69-71:The distinction between Virginians, Pennsylvanians, New Yorkers, and New Englanders, [is] no more. I am not a Virginian, but an American.

Patrick Henry, 1774 speech during the First Continental Congress 69. What conclusion can be drawn from Patrick Henry’s speech regarding the perspective of colonial Americans?

a. By 1774, a growing number of Colonists viewed themselves as being part of a unique social and political entity different from Britain.

b. By 1774, the majority of Colonists viewed themselves as citizens of the whole British Empire, making differences between the colonies insignificant.

c. By 1774, Colonists recognized that a powerful centralized national government must be created with three branches in order to gain independence.

d. By 1774, the political and social values of Colonists became so similar that establishing a set of national values regarding institutions such as slavery became necessary.

70. What other important revolutionary slogan is Patrick Henry known for?a. “No taxation without representation”b. “Give me Liberty or give me Death”c. “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes”d. “Damn the torpedoes, full steam ahead”

71. If Patrick Henry saw himself as a legitimate businessman constrained unfairly by British restrictions and violated by tyrannical searches and seizures, how would the British have viewed his activities?

a. A Pirateb. An important importer of British merchandize c. A smuggler of illegal French and Spanish goods into the Coloniesd. A loyal citizen concerned only for the well-being of the British Empire

Use the following quote by James Otis to answer numbers 72-74:“If taxes are laid upon us in any shape without our having a legal representative where they are laid, are we not reduced from the character of free subjects to the miserable status of tributary slaves?”

James Otis72. Which of the following slogans, attributed to Otis, best sums this up?

a. Give me liberty or give me deathb. The tree of liberty must be watered with the blood of tyrants and of patriotsc. No taxation without representationd. All men are created equal

73. Which of the following would not have been one of the new taxes that agitated James Otis and spurred his beliefs that taxation without a voice in Parliament represented tyranny?

a. Sugar Actb. Molasses Actc. Stamp Actd. The tax on Whiskey

74. Which of the following best expresses what is at the core of James Otis’s beliefs regarding taxation?a. That colonists would pay taxes if they felt they had a voice in the government that was imposing themb. That colonists were opposed to any form of taxationc. That colonists were selfish and saw taxation as theft of their property and capitald. That colonists should blindly accept British taxation out of loyalty to the crown.

Use the following excerpt from the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 to answer numbers 75-77:And, for extending the fundamental principles of civil and religious liberty, which form the basis whereon these republicans, their laws and constitutions are erected; to fix and establish those principles as the basis of all laws, constitutions, and governments, which forever hereafter shall be formed in the said territory: to provide also for the establishment of States, and permanent government therein, and for their admission to a share in the federal council on an equal footing with the original States, at as early periods as may be consistent with the general interest.

Sec. 13 of the Northwest Ordinance, 1787

75. How did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 influence settlement patterns? A. It established a plan for surveying land west of the Appalachians. B. It provided a procedure for admitting new states into the Union. C. It settled the conflict over colonial land claims to the west. D. It established reservations for American Indians who lived on public lands.

76. Which of the following was true of the Northwest Land Ordinance as it related to the issue of slavery?A. It encouraged the expansion of slavery into the region as a means to stimulate economic growthB. It established that no Native Americans could be used as slaves, only African slaves were to utilized in the regionC. It established a precedent for maintaining the institution of slavery in the northern territories while banning it in the

southern territories.D. It banned slavery in the Ohio River Valley establishing that slavery would be prohibited in the north while being

perpetuated in the south.77. The Northwest Ordinance is widely regarded as the only major success of which of the following founding documents?

A. The Bill of RightsB. The Articles of ConfederationC. The Declaration of IndependenceD. The Constitution

Use the following to answer numbers 78-80:Letter from Washington to General Gates after the Battle of Saratoga

Sir: By this Opportunity, I do myself the pleasure to congratulate you on the signal success of the Army under your command, in compelling Genl. Burgoyne and his whole force, to surrender themselves prisoners of War. An Event that does the highest honor to the American Arms, and which, I hope, will be attended with the most extensive and happy consequences. At the same time, I cannot but regret, that a matter of such magnitude and so interesting to our General Operations, should have reached me by report only, or thro' the Channel of Letters, not bearing that authenticity, which the importance of it required, and which it would have received by a line under your signature, stating the simple fact.

78. Which of the following best describes the importance of the Battle of Saratoga?A. It was the first battle of the RevolutionB. It was the Battle that established Washington’s reputationC. It was the Turning Point of the American RevolutionD. It was the Final Battle of the American Revolution

79. Even though he begins the letter by applauding General Gates for his achievement, Washington closes with harsh criticism of Gates. What was General George Washington so upset about?A. That Gates had not made him aware of the victory through proper channels, demonstrating Washington’s attention to

detailB. That Gates had not won the victory soonerC. That Gates had not capitalized on the victory and driven the British completely out of North AmericaD. That Washington himself had not been there at the Battle.

80. Which of the following did General George Washington not do as part of his storied career?A. First President of the United StatesB. Commander of the Continental Army during the RevolutionC. Presided over the Constitutional Convention that created our new government after the failure of the Articles of

ConfederationD. Served as a General in the British Army during the French and Indian War.

Use the following to answer numbers 81-83:Washington to Congress about the British Surrender

I have the honor to inform Congress that a reduction of the British army, under the command of Lord Cornwallis, is most happily effected. The unremitted ardor, which actuated every officer and soldier in the combined army on this occasion, has principally led to this important event at an earlier period than my most sanguine hopes had induced me to expect.The singular spirit of emulation, which animated the whole army from the first commencement of our operations, has filled my mind with the highest pleasure and satisfaction, and had given me the happiest presages of success.On the 17th instant, a letter was received from Lord Cornwallis, proposing a meeting of commissioners to consult on terms for the surrender of the posts of York and Gloucester. This letter (the first which had passed between us) opened a correspondence, a copy of which I do myself the honor to enclose; that correspondence was followed by the definitive capitulation, which was agreed to and signed on the 19th, a copy of which is also herewith transmitted and which, I hope, will meet the approbation of Congress.

81. Which of the following best describes the importance of the Battle of Yorktown?A. It was the first battle of the RevolutionB. It was the Battle that established Washington’s reputationC. It was the Turning Point of the American RevolutionD. It was the Final Battle of the American Revolution

82. Which of the following characteristics of the Battle of Yorktown proved the importance of the Battle of Saratoga?A. That the British were trapped on a Peninsula and cut off from escapeB. That Washington’s Army was joined by Nathaniel Greene’s Southern Continental Army at YorktownC. That Washington’s Army was joined by a French Army commended by General Rochambeau and the British escape was

cut off by the French fleet under the command of Admiral De GrasseD. That the British played the tune to “The World Turned Upside Down” as they marched out of Yorktown

83. Which of the following best describes why the Colonists won the American Revolution?A. They won numerous victories over the British and forced them to surrenderB. They secured all of the major cities and were able to continue to trade and do business during the warC. They built an effective Navy that rivaled the power of the British Fleet on the Atlantic OceanD. They were willing to fight longer than the British government and people were willing to pay for the war, Yorktown

gave the British an “out” for ending the war and cutting their losses.Use the following to answer numbers 84-86:

84. Of the problems listed, which of the following was the most pressing problem facing the government under the Articles of Confederation?A. No power to taxB. No National Court SystemC. No Power to Raise an ArmyD. No Power to enforce Treaties

85. Which of the following would have been considered a “success” of the Articles of Confederation?A. The handling of the debt crisis following the American RevolutionB. The enforcement of the Treaty of Paris of 1783C. The Northwest Land Ordinance of 1787D. The treaties negotiated with the Native Americans

86. Which of the following best describes why the founders would establish a governing document that intentionally created a weak central government that from our modern lens was doomed to failure from the start?A. They had seen how effective a weak central government could be through their experiences with the BritishB. They were determined to “do the opposite” from what they had experienced with the British.C. They were committed to proving that they could implement the British model of government more effectively than the

British had.D. They just wanted to return to the simpler times of Salutary Neglect.

Use the following to answer numbers 87-89STRONG STATES, WEAK CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

The purpose of the Articles of Confederation was to create a confederation of states whereby each state retained "its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right ... not ... expressly delegated to the United States in Congress assembled."

But Congress could not levy taxes or regulate commerce. Because of widespread fear of a strong central government at the time they were written and strong loyalties among Americans to their own state as opposed to any national government during the American Revolution, the Articles of Confederation purposely kept the national government as weak as possible and the states as independent as possible.

87. According to the excerpt, what were Americans so afraid of that the created a government with an intentionally weak central government?A. Fear of a strong central government and the tyranny they had experiencedB. Strong loyalties to their home statesC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B

88. The answer to their fears was to do which of the following when establishing the Articles of Confederation?A. Create a powerful Central Government with a King and influential ParliamentB. Make each state as independent as possibleC. Create a system of taxation that properly funded a powerful central governmentD. Raised a large standing army to both protect the nation from foreign threats and enforce the central governments laws

89. After reading this excerpt which of the following best represents why the Articles of Confederation ultimately failed?A. The States were too selfish to put the needs of the nation ahead of their own interestsB. Pressures from Great Britain in the international marketplaceC. Lack of intelligence and foresight amongst the founding fathersD. Bad luck

Use the following to answer numbers 90-92:

90. Why does this artist depict the Bill of Rights as a “hazardous material”?A. Because the Bill of Rights establishes various restrictions on the powers of the StatesB. Because the Bill of Rights establishes the restriction of the freedoms of the people.C. Because the Bill of Rights supports the establishment of unrestricted Federal authorityD. Because the Bill of Rights places limits on the powers of the Federal Government by protecting the freedom of the

people91. Which of the following is not part of the Bill of Rights?

A. Freedom of Speech, Religion, Press, Assembly, and petitioning your governmentB. Rights of the AccusedC. Voting AgeD. Protection of States Rights

92. The Federalists thought that a Bill of Rights was unnecessary and might even allow future governments to limit your rights to just these ten. Which of the following was not a reason a Federalist would think that a Bill of Rights was unnecessary?A. All of the States had a Bill of Rights in their State constitutionsB. A government of the people should not have to fear oppression by its elected governmentC. The Bill of Rights would dramatically increase the power of the Federal Government over the peopleD. By creating a set of ten freedoms, future governments could see those as the only rights they had to respect

Use the following to answer numbers 93-9 5 THE CONSTITUTION Article II

Section 1. The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector

93. Which of the following is being established in Section I of Article II of the Constitution?A. The Supreme CourtB. The Bill of RightsC. The PreambleD. The Electoral College

94. Which of the following was not an intention of the Constitution in the creation of this system for selecting the President?A. To keep the larger states from dominating the popular vote and neglect the interests of the smaller statesB. To keep the common man from having too much power in the process of selecting the PresidentC. To keep all the power in the hands of the small states in the election processD. To keep a sitting President from being able to manipulate the popular election and rig the vote in his favor

95. According to the excerpt, which of the following could not serve as an “elector”?A. SenatorsB. Members of the House of RepresentativesC. Anyone holding an office of trust or profit under the United StatesD. All of the Above