Cranes and Derricks in Construction - stponline.stpub.comstponline.stpub.com/pubs/OSHA/COA/COA_CC.pdf · Regulatory Summary CC/Part 1 - 4 Cranes and Derricks in Construction Introduction

CRANES AND DERRICKS IN CONSTRUCTION.

Applicability of This Module

CC/Part 1 - 1COA 11/17 STP

.PART 1: INTRODUCTION

Use the following General Applicability Checklist to determine whether a rulebook and its sectionsapply to your operation.

If you answer YES to the rulebook question, the rulebook applies to you unless you answer YES for arulebook exemption.

Once you determine that the rulebook does apply to your operation, you must answer the sectionquestions. If a section question does not exist, then that section applies if the rulebook applies. If youanswer YES to a section question, that section applies to you unless you answer YES for an exemptionfrom that section. If you answer YES to a rulebook or section exemption, then the rulebook or sectiondoes not apply.

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GENERAL APPLICABILITY CHECKLIST.

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Applies.

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Exempt.

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Rulebook: Cranes and Derricks in Construction.

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RULEBOOK: Do you use cranes or derricks in construction other than demolition orunderground construction work?.

Y

q

N

q

CC/Part 1 - 2

Cranes and Derricks in Construction Introduction

COA 11/17 STP

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.

.

Applies.

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Exempt.

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RULEBOOK Exemption: Do you use any of the following types of excluded equipment(29 CFR 1926.1400(c)): cranes or derricks that have been converted or adapted for a non-hoisting/lifting use, such

as power shovels, excavators and concrete pumps; power shovels, excavators, wheel loaders, backhoes, loader backhoes or track loaders,

even if they are used with chains, slings, or other rigging to lift suspended loads; automotive wreckers and tow trucks when used to clear wrecks and haul vehicles; digger derricks when used for augering holes for poles carrying electric and

telecommunication lines, placing and removing the poles, and for handling associatedmaterials to be installed on or removed from the poles;

machinery originally designed as vehicle-mounted aerial devices (for lifting personnel)and self-propelled elevating work platforms;

telescopic/hydraulic gantry systems; stacker cranes; powered industrial trucks (forklifts), except when configured to hoist and lower (by

means of a winch or hook) and horizontally move a suspended load; mechanics truck with a hoisting device when used in activities related to equipment

maintenance and repair; machinery that hoists by using a come-a-long or chainfall; dedicated drilling rigs; gin poles when used for the erection of communication towers; tree trimming and tree removal work; anchor handling or dredge-related operations with a vessel or barge using an affixed A-

frame; roustabouts; helicopter cranes; articulating/knuckle-boom truck cranes that deliver material to a construction site when

used to transfer materials from the truck crane to the ground, without arranging thematerials in a particular sequence for hoisting; or

articulating/knuckle-boom truck cranes that deliver material to a construction site whenthe crane is used to transfer building supply sheet goods or building supply packagedmaterials from the truck crane onto a structure, using a fork/cradle at the end of theboom, but only when the truck crane is equipped with a properly functioning automaticoverload prevention device?

NOTE: The exclusion of articulating/knuckle-boom truck cranes does not apply when:

the equipment is used to hold, support, or stabilize the material to facilitate aconstruction activity, such as holding material in place while it is attached to thestructure;

the material being handled by the equipment is a prefabricated component such asprecast concrete members or panels, roof trusses (wooden, cold-formed metal, steel,or other material), prefabricated building sections such as floor panels, wall panels,roof panels, roof structures, or similar items; or

the material being handled by the crane is a structural steel member (e.g., steel joists,beams, columns, bundled or unbundled steel decking, or a component of a systems-engineered metal building).

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Y

q

N

q

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Section 2: Do you assemble or disassemble cranes or derricks? (If not, skip to section 7.).

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Y

q

N

q.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ........................... ...........................

Section 5: Do you use your own procedures for assembly/disassembly, rather than themanufacturers?.

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Y

q

N

q.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ........................... ...........................

Section 7: Do you ever work near power lines? (If not, skip to section 12.).

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Y

q

N

q.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ........................... ...........................

Section 22: Do you use the equipment to hoist personnel?.

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Y

q

N

q.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ........................... ...........................



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Applies.

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Exempt.

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Section 23: Do you perform multiple crane/derrick lifts?.

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Y

q

N

q.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ........................... ...........................

Section 24: Do you use equipment with a capacity of more than 2000 lbs? (If not, section 32will apply.).

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Y

q

N

q.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ........................... ...........................

Section 26: Do you use tower cranes?.

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Y

q

N

q.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ........................... ...........................

Section 27: Do you use derricks?.

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Y

q

N

q.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ........................... ...........................

Section 28: Do you use floating cranes or derricks, or land equipment on barges?.

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Y

q

N

q.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ........................... ...........................

Section 29: Do you use overhead or gantry cranes?.

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Y

q

N

q.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ........................... ...........................

Section 30: Do you use dedicated pile drivers?.

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Y

q

N

q.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ........................... ...........................

Section 31: Do you use sideboom cranes?.

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Y

q

N

q.

Regulatory Summary

CC/Part 1 - 4


COA 11/17 STP

This module covers regulations found in 29 CFR 1926 Subpart CC, including 29 CFR 1926.1400 1926.1441. The federal regulations that apply are organized into the following major sections: 29 CFR 1926.1400 Scope 29 CFR 1926.1401 Definitions 29 CFR 1926.1402 Ground Conditions 29 CFR 1926.1403 Assembly/Disassembly Selection of Manufacturer or Employer Procedures 29 CFR 1926.1404 Assembly/Disassembly General Requirements (applies to all assembly and

disassembly operations) 29 CFR 1926.1405 Disassembly Additional Requirements for Dismantling of Booms and Jibs

(applies to both the use of manufacturer procedures and employer procedures) 29 CFR 1926.1406 Assembly/Disassembly Employer Procedures General Requirements 29 CFR 1926.1407 Power Line Safety (up to 350 kV) Assembly and Disassembly 29 CFR 1926.1408 Power Line Safety (up to 350 kV) Equipment Operations 29 CFR 1926.1409 Power Line Safety (over 350 kV) 29 CFR 1926.1410 Power Line Safety (all voltages) Equipment Operations 29 CFR 1926.1411 Power Line Safety Traveling (under or near power lines with no load) 29 CFR 1926.1412 Inspections 29 CFR 1926.1413 Wire Rope Inspection 29 CFR 1926.1414 Wire Rope Selection and Installation Criteria 29 CFR 1926.1415 Safety Devices 29 CFR 1926.1416 Operational Aids 29 CFR 1926.1417 Operation 29 CFR 1926.1418 Authority to Stop Operation 29 CFR 1926.1419 Signals general requirements 29 CFR 1926.1420 Signals radio, telephone, or other electronic transmission of signals 29 CFR 1926.1421 Signals voice signals additional requirements 29 CFR 1926.1422 Signals hand signal chart 29 CFR 1926.1423 Fall Protection 29 CFR 1926.1424 Work Area Control keeping clear of swing radius 29 CFR 1926.1425 Work Area Control keeping clear of the load 29 CFR 1926.1426 Work Area Control free fall and controlled load lowering 29 CFR 1926.1427 Operator Qualification and Certification 29 CFR 1926.1428 Qualifications of Additional Personnel signal person qualifications 29 CFR 1926.1429 Qualifications of Additional Personnel maintenance and repair employees 29 CFR 1926.1430 Training 29 CFR 1926.1431 Hoisting Personnel 29 CFR 1926.1432 Multiple-Crane/Derrick Lifts supplemental requirements 29 CFR 1926.1433 Equipment with a Capacity of More than 2,000 Pounds design,

construction, and testing 29 CFR 1926.1434 Equipment Modifications 29 CFR 1926.1435 Tower Cranes 29 CFR 1926.1436 Derricks 29 CFR 1926.1437 Floating Cranes/Derricks and Land Cranes/Derricks on Barges



29 CFR 1926.1438 Overhead and Gantry Cranes 29 CFR 1926.1439 Dedicated Pile Drivers 29 CFR 1926.1440 Sideboom Cranes 29 CFR 1926.1441 Equipment with a Rated Capacity of 2,000 Pounds or Less

This standard applies to power-operated equipment, when used in construction, that can hoist, lower,and horizontally move a suspended load. Such equipment includes, but is not limited to: articulatingcranes (such as knuckle-boom cranes); crawler cranes; floating cranes; land cranes on barges;locomotive cranes; mobile cranes (such as wheelmounted, rough-terrain, all-terrain, commercial truck-mounted, and boom truck cranes); multi-purpose machines when configured to hoist and lower (bymeans of a winch or hook) and horizontally move a suspended load; industrial cranes (such as carry-deck cranes); dedicated pile drivers; service/mechanic trucks with a hoisting device; a crane on amonorail; tower cranes (such as a fixed jib (i.e., hammerhead boom), luffing boom, and self-erecting); pedestal cranes; portal cranes; overhead and gantry cranes; straddle cranes; sideboomcranes; derricks; and variations of such equipment.

This standard applies to the listed equipment when used with attachments. Such attachments, whethercrane-attached or suspended include, but are not limited to: hooks, magnets, grapples, clamshellbuckets, orange peel buckets, concrete buckets, drag lines, personnel platforms, augers or drills, andpile driving equipment.

This subpart does not cover the following: listed machinery including that which has been converted or adapted for a non-hoisting/lifting use

such as power shovels, excavators, and concrete pumps; power shovels, excavators, wheel loaders, backhoes, loader backhoes, track loaders. This

machinery is also excluded when used with chains, slings, or other rigging to lift suspended loads; automotive wreckers and tow trucks when used to clear wrecks and haul vehicles; digger derricks when used for augering holes for poles carrying electric and telecommunication

lines, placing and removing the poles, and for handling associated materials to be installed on orremoved from the poles;NOTE: Digger derricks used in work subject to 29 CFR part 1926, subpart V, must comply with29 CFR 1910.269. Digger derricks used in construction work for telecommunication service (asdefined at 29 CFR 1910.268(s)(40)) must comply with 29 CFR 1910.268.

machinery originally designed as vehicle-mounted aerial devices (for lifting personnel) and self-propelled elevating work platforms;

telescopic/hydraulic gantry systems; stacker cranes; powered industrial trucks (forklifts), except when configured to hoist and lower (by means of a

winch or hook) and horizontally move a suspended load; mechanics truck with a hoisting device when used in activities related to equipment maintenance

and repair; machinery that hoists by using a come-a-long or chainfall; dedicated drilling rigs; gin poles when used for the erection of communication towers; tree trimming and tree removal work; anchor handling or dredge-related operations with a vessel or barge using an affixed A-frame; roustabouts; helicopter cranes; and

Key Compliance Definitions

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COA 11/17 STP

certain articulating/knuckle-boom truck cranes that deliver material to a construction site.

OSHA frequently adopts third party standards by incorporating them by reference into the regulations.These standards are provided by other governmental, non-profit, or trade organizations (such as theAmerican National Standards Institute [ANSI]). Many of these third party standards have been revisedsince they were first incorporated into the regulations; however, because OSHA frequently has notadopted the updates, it typically cannot enforce the requirements contained in the most recent versionof the standard (unless imminent danger is present).

These definitions are derived from 29 CFR 1926.1401.

Assembly/Disassembly The assembly and/or disassembly of equipment covered under this standard.With regard to tower cranes, erecting and climbing replaces the term assembly, and dismantlingreplaces the term disassembly. Regardless of whether the crane is initially erected to its full heightor is climbed in stages, the process of increasing the height of the crane is an erection process.

Blocking (also referred to as cribbing) Wood or other material used to support equipment or acomponent and distribute loads to the ground. It is typically used to support lattice boom sectionsduring assembly/disassembly and under outrigger and stabilizer floats.

Climbing The process in which a tower crane is raised to a new working height, either by addingadditional tower sections to the top of the crane (top climbing), or by a system in which the entirecrane is raised inside the structure (inside climbing).

Competent person One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in thesurroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, andwho has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate the hazards.

Crossover points Locations on a wire rope that is spooled on a drum where one layer of rope climbsup on and crosses over the previous layer. This takes place at each flange of the drum as the rope isspooled onto the drum, reaches the flange, and begins to wrap back in the opposite direction.

Dedicated spotter (power lines) A person who meets the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.1428 (signalperson qualifications) and whose sole responsibility is to watch the separation between the power lineand the equipment, load line, and load (including rigging and lifting accessories), and to ensurethrough communication with the operator that the applicable minimum approach distance is notbreached.

Directly under the load When part or all of an employee is directly beneath the load.

Encroachment Where any part of the crane, load line, or load (including rigging and liftingaccessories) breaches a minimum clearance distance that this subpart requires to be maintained from apower line.

Fall zone The area (including but not limited to the area directly beneath the load) in which it isreasonably foreseeable that partially or completely suspended materials could fall in the event of anaccident.

Flange points Points of contact between rope and drum flange where the rope changes layers.



Free fall (of the load line) When only the brake is used to regulate the descent of the load line (thedrive mechanism is not used to drive the load down faster or retard its lowering).

Free surface effect The uncontrolled transverse movement of liquids in compartments that reduce avessels transverse stability.

Freeboard The vertical distance between the water line and the main deck of a vessel.

List The angle of inclination about the longitudinal axis of a barge, pontoons, vessel, or other meansof floatation.

Multi-purpose machine A machine that is designed to be configured in various ways, at least one ofwhich allows it to hoist (by means of a winch or hook) and horizontally move a suspended load. Forexample, a machine that can rotate and can be configured with removable forks/tongs (for use as aforklift) or with a winch pack, jib (with a hook at the end), or jib used in conjunction with a winch.When configured with the forks/tongs, it is not covered by this subpart. When configured with awinch pack, jib (with a hook at the end), or jib used in conjunction with a winch, it is covered by thissubpart.

Pendants Includes both wire and bar types.

Qualified person A person who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professionalstanding, or who by extensive knowledge, training and experience, can successfully demonstrate theability to solve/resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project.

Runway A firm, level surface designated and prepared as a path of travel for the weight andconfiguration of the crane being used to lift and travel with the crane-suspended platform. An existingsurface may be used as long as it meets these criteria.

Tagline A rope (usually fiber) attached to a lifted load for purposes of controlling load spinning andpendular motions or used to stabilize a bucket or magnet during material handling operations.

Travel bogie (tower cranes) An assembly of two or more axles arranged to permit vertical wheeldisplacement and equalize the loading on the wheels.

Trim The angle of inclination about the transverse axis of a barge, pontoons, vessel, or other meansof floatation.

Two blocking A condition in which a component that is uppermost on the hoist line such as the loadblock, hook block, overhaul ball, or similar component, comes in contact with the boom tip, fixedupper block or similar component. This binds the system and continued application of power cancause failure of the hoist rope or other component.


Items to consider getting in advance:

Items to have facility personnel prepare or gather in advance:


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.PART 2: PREAUDIT PREPARATION

Access to the information in 29 CFR 1926 Subpart CC.

OSHA has also adopted the following third party standards. We have listed the standards that arecited in the regulations. We have also provided contact information for each of the referenced thirdparties (see Appendix: Contact Information in the Introduction to this Guide).

The following ASME standards: ASME B30.2-2005, Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running Bridge, Single or Multiple

Girder, Top Running Trolley Hoist) ASME B30.5-2004, Mobile and Locomotive Cranes ASME B30.7-2001, Base-Mounted Drum Hoists ASME B30.14-2004, Side Boom Tractors

Inspection and maintenance records.

Personnel training, qualification and/or certification records.

Design criteria.

Manufacturers manuals.

Acronyms and Abbreviations Used in This Module

CC/Part 2 - 2

Cranes and Derricks in Construction Preaudit Preparation

COA 11/17 STP

A/D assembly/disassemblyANSID American National Standards

InstituteASTM American Society for Testing and

MaterialsAWS American Welding SocietyCFR Code of Federal RegulationsCPL Compliance (related to OSHA

Directives)DOT Department of Transportation

FAA Federal Aviation Administrationft foot/feetkV kilovolt(s)mph mile(s) per hourOSH Act Occupational Safety and Health ActOSHA Occupational Safety and Health

AdministrationPPE personal protective equipmentRPE registered professional engineerSAE Society of Automotive Engineers


1. Ground Conditions


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.PART 3: RULEBOOK

Where provisions of this rulebook direct an operator, crewmember, or other employee to takecertain actions, the employer must establish, effectively communicate to the relevant persons,and enforce work rules to ensure compliance with such provisions.

For work covered by Power Transmission and Distribution (Module V), compliance with29 CFR 1926.959 is deemed compliance with the power line safety requirements in sections6 10 of this rulebook (29 CFR 1926.1400(g)).

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This section does not apply to cranes designed for use on railroad tracks when used on tracksthat are part of the general railroad system that is regulated by the Federal RailroadAdministration under 49 CFR 213 and that comply with applicable Federal RailroadAdministration requirements (29 CFR 1926.1402(f)).

1.1 Cranes and derricks must not be assembled or used unless certain ground conditions are met.(29 CFR 1926.1402(b) and (e))

Guide Note Verify that the equipment is not assembled or used unless ground conditions are firm, drained, and graded

sufficiently so that, in conjunction with the use of any necessary supporting materials, the equipmentmanufacturers specifications for adequate support and degree of level of the equipment are met (29 CFR1926.1402(b)).

EXCEPTION: The requirement for the ground to be drained does not apply to marshes/wetlands.

If the assembly/disassembly (A/D) director determines that ground conditions do not meet these requirements,verify that the directors employer has a discussion with the controlling entity regarding the additional groundpreparations, including any necessary use of suitable supporting materials/devices, that are needed so that theycan be met (29 CFR 1926.1402(e)).

1.2 The controlling entity must take certain actions. (29 CFR 1926.1402(c) and (d))Guide Note Verify that the controlling entity does the following (29 CFR 1926.1402(c)):

ensures that the ground is prepared as required; and informs the equipment user and the operator of the location of hazards beneath the equipment set-up area

(such as voids, tanks, utilities, etc.) if those hazards are identified in documents that are in the possessionof the controlling entity or are otherwise known to that controlling entity.

NOTE: Applicable documents would include site drawings, as-built drawings, and soil analyses.Information must be shared regardless of whether the documents are at the site or off-site.

If there is no controlling entity for the project, verify that the employer who has authority at the site to makeor arrange for necessary ground preparations takes these actions (29 CFR 1926.1402(d)).

2. Assembly/Disassembly Selection of Manufacturer or Employer Procedures

3. Assembly/Disassembly General Requirements

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2.1 The employer must follow proper procedures for assembly/disassembly. (29 CFR 1926.1403)Guide Note Verify that the employer selects one of the following types of assembly/disassembly (29 CFR 1926.1403):

the applicable manufacturer procedures; or employer procedures, if the employer can demonstrate that the procedures used meet the requirements in

29 CFR 1926.1406 (see section 5).NOTE: The employer must follow manufacturers procedures when using synthetic slings during assembly ordisassembly rigging.

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3.1 Assembly and disassembly must be overseen by an assembly/disassembly (A/D) director.(29 CFR 1926.1404(a) (d))

Guide Note Verify that the assembly/disassembly is directed by an A/D director who meets the criteria for both a

competent person and a qualified person, or by a competent person who is assisted by one or more qualifiedpersons (29 CFR 1926.1404(a)(1)).

NOTE: The person performing the assembly/disassembly may also serve as the A/D Director providing he orshe meets all of the criteria (29 CFR 1926.1404(a)(2)).

Verify that the A/D director understands the applicable assembly/disassembly procedures (29 CFR1926.1404(b)).

Verify that the A/D director reviews the applicable procedures immediately prior to the commencement ofassembly/disassembly unless he or she already understands the procedures and has applied them to the sametype and configuration of equipment, including any accessories (29 CFR 1926.1404(c)).

Verify that the A/D director ensures that the crew members understand all of the following, both beforecommencing assembly/disassembly and also during operations if a crew member takes on a different task or ifany new crew members are added (29 CFR 1926.1404(d)):

their tasks; hazards associated with their tasks; and hazardous positions/locations that they need to avoid.

3.2 Crew members must be protected during assembly/disassembly. (29 CFR 1926.1404(e) (f))Guide Note Verify that crew members inform the operator before going to a location that is out of the operators view and

where the crew member will be in, on, under, or near the equipment or load and could be injured bymovement of the equipment or load (29 CFR 1926.1404(e)(1)).

Where the operator knows that a crew member has gone to a potentially hazardous location, verify that theoperator does not move any part of the equipment or load without being informed in accordance with aprearranged system of communication that the crew member is in a safe position (29 CFR 1926.1404(e)(2)).

When pins or similar devices are being removed, verify that employees are not allowed under the boom, jib, orother component (29 CFR 1926.1404(f)(2)).

EXCEPTION: Where the employer demonstrates that site constraints require one or more employees to beunder the equipment when pins are being removed, the A/D director must implement procedures that minimizethe risk of unintended dangerous movement and minimize the duration and extent of exposure under the boom(see Non-mandatory Appendix B of 29 CFR Supbart CC).



3.3 Capacity limits must be observed during assembly/disassembly.(29 CFR 1926.1404(g), (j) and (k))

Guide Note Verify that during all phases of assembly/disassembly the rated capacity of the equipment being

assembled/disassembled is not exceeded (29 CFR 1926.1404(g)).

NOTE: This requirement applies to the loads imposed on the equipment, equipment components (includingrigging), lifting lugs, and equipment accessories.

Verify that the manufacturers limitations on the maximum amount of boom supported only by cantileveringare not exceeded (29 CFR 1926.1404(j)).

NOTE: Where manufacturers limitations are not available, a registered professional engineer familiar with thetype of equipment involved must determine a limitation, which must not be exceeded, in writing.

Verify that the weight of each of the components is readily available (29 CFR 1926.1404(k)).

3.4 The A/D director must address the hazards associated with the operation. (29 CFR1926.1404(h), (o) and (p))

Guide Note Verify that A/D director addresses the following specific hazards (29 CFR 1926.1404(h)):

adequacy of site and ground bearing conditions (see section 1); adequacy of the size, amount, condition, and method of stacking the blocking material to sustain the loads

and maintain stability; proper location of blocking used to support lattice booms or components to be able to protect the

structural integrity of the equipment and prevent dangerous movement and collapse; loads that will be imposed on any assist crane that might be used at each phase of assembly/disassembly

(in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.1417(o)(3)) before the operation begins (see paragraph 15.4); suitability of the point(s) of attachment of rigging to a boom (or boom sections, or jib or jib sections) for

preventing structural damage and facilitating safe handling of these components; identification of the center of gravity of the load if that is necessary for the method used for maintaining

stability;

NOTE: Where there is not sufficient information to accurately identify the center of gravity, measuresdesigned to prevent unintended dangerous movement resulting from an inaccurate identification of thecenter of gravity must be used (see Non-mandatory Appendix B of 29 CFR Subpart CC for an example.)

proper rigging or support of the boom sections, boom suspension systems (such as gantry A-frames andjib struts) and components to maintain stability upon the removal of the pins;

assurance that suspension ropes and pendants will not catch on the boom or jib connection pins or cotterpins (including keepers and locking pins);

potential for unintended movement from inadequately supported counterweights and from hoistingcounterweights;

backward stability before swinging the upperworks, travel, and when attaching or removing equipmentcomponents; and

the effect of wind speed and weather on the equipment.

Verify that each time a boom hoist brake will be relied on to prevent boom movement duringassembly/disassembly, the brake has been tested first to determine if it is sufficient to prevent boom movement(29 CFR 1926.1404(h)(10)).

NOTE: If the brake is not sufficient, a boom hoist pawl, other locking device/back-up braking device, oranother method (such as blocking or using an assist crane) of preventing dangerous movement of the boomdue to a boom hoist brake failure must be used.

Verify that reusable shipping pins, straps, links, and similar equipment are removed and stowed or otherwisestored so that they do not present a falling object hazard (29 CFR 1926.1404(o)).

Verify that equipment used for pile driving does not have a jib attached during pile driving operations (29 CFR1926.1404(p)).

CC/Part 3 - 4


COA 11/17 STP

3.5 Equipment components must be properly selected, configured, and inspected. (29 CFR1926.1404(m))

Guide Note Verify that the selection and configuration of components and equipment that affect the capacity or safe

operation of the equipment is in accordance with one of the following (29 CFR 1926.1404(m)):

manufacturers instructions, prohibitions, limitations, and specifications; where manufacturers information is not available, the written approval of a registered professional

engineer familiar with the type of equipment involved; or approved modifications that meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.1434 (see section 25).

Verify that upon completion of assembly the equipment is inspected to ensure compliance with this paragraph(see paragraph 11.3 for post-assembly inspection requirements).

3.6 Outriggers and stabilizers must be used in accordance with certain requirements. (29 CFR1926.1404(q))

Guide Note Verify that when the load to be handled and the operating radius require the use of outriggers or stabilizers, or

at any time when outriggers or stabilizers are used, all of the following requirements are met (29 CFR1926.1404(q)):

the outriggers or stabilizers must be either fully extended or, if the manufacturers procedures permit,deployed as specified in the load chart;

the outriggers (but not the stabilizers) must be set to remove the equipment weight from the wheels,except for locomotive cranes;

for locomotive cranes, the manufacturers procedures must be followed either for the use of outriggers andstabilizers or for the use of truck wedges or screws;

when outrigger floats are used, they must be attached to the outriggers; when stabilizer floats are used, they must be attached to the stabilizers; each outrigger or stabilizer must be visible to the operator or to a signal person during extension and

setting; and outrigger and stabilizer blocking must be adequate and must be placed only under the outrigger or

stabilizer float/pad of the jack or, where the outrigger or stabilizer is designed without a jack, under theouter bearing surface of the extended outrigger or stabilizer beam.

3.7 Rigging used for assembly/disassembly must meet certain requirements. (29 CFR 1926.1404(r))Guide Note Verify that rigging meets the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.251 (see Materials Handling (Module H) Rulebook

section 2) and any other applicable requirements (29 CFR 1926.1404(r)). Verify that rigging work is done by a qualified rigger (29 CFR 1926.1404(r)(1)). Verify that synthetic slings are protected from abrasive, sharp, or acute edges, and configurations such as

distortion or localized compression that could cause a reduction of the slings rated capacity (29 CFR1926.1404(r)(2)).

Verify that when synthetic slings are used, the manufacturers instructions, limitations, specifications, andrecommendations are followed (29 CFR 1926.1404(r)(3)).

4. Disassembly Additional Requirements for Dismantling of Booms and Jibs

5. Assembly/Disassembly Employer Procedures General Requirements

6. Power Line Safety (up to 350 kV) Assembly and Disassembly



.

4.1 Dismantling of booms and jibs, including when done for changing the length of the equipment,must meet certain requirements. (29 CFR 1926.1405)

Guide Note Verify that the following precautions are taken when dismantling a boom or jib for any reason (29 CFR

1926.1405):

pins in the pendants must NOT be removed (partly or completely) when the pendants are in tension; pins (top or bottom) on boom sections located between the pendant attachment points and the

crane/derrick body must NOT be removed (partly or completely) when the pendants are in tension; pins (top or bottom) on boom sections located between the uppermost boom section and the crane/derrick

body must NOT be removed (partly or completely) when the boom is being supported by the uppermostboom section resting on the ground or other support; and

top pins on boom sections located on the cantilevered portion of the boom being removed (the portionbeing removed ahead of the pendant attachment points) must NOT be removed (partly or completely) untilthe cantilevered section to be removed is fully supported.

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5.1 Employer procedures used instead of the manufacturers procedures for assembly/disassemblymust meet certain requirements. (29 CFR 1926.1406)

Guide Note Verify that when using employer procedures instead of the manufacturers procedures for

assembly/disassembly, the employer ensures that the procedures accomplish the following (29 CFR1926.1406(a)):

prevent collapse or unintended dangerous movement of any part of the equipment; provide adequate support and stability of all parts of the equipment; and position employees involved in the assembly/disassembly operation so that their exposure to unintended

movement or collapse of part or all of the equipment is minimized.

Verify that employer procedures are developed by a qualified person (29 CFR 1926.1406(b)).

.

6.1 Certain precautions must be taken during assembly/disassembly of equipment in proximity topower lines. (29 CFR 1926.1407(a) and (c) (g))

Guide Note Verify that the employer determines if any part of the equipment could get closer than 20 feet to a power line

during the assembly/disassembly process before beginning assembly/disassembly (29 CFR 1926.1407(a)). Verify that in making this determination the employer considers all parts of the equipment, load line, and load,

including rigging and lifting accessories, in the direction or area of assembly/disassembly (29 CFR1926.1407(a)).

If the determination shows that equipment could get within 20 feet of a power line, verify that therequirements of one of the following options are met (29 CFR 1926.1407(a)):

confirm from the utility owner/operator that the power line has been deenergized and visibly grounded atthe worksite;

ensure that no part of the equipment, load line, or load (including rigging and lifting accessories), getscloser than 20 feet to the power line by implementing the measures specified in paragraph 6.2; or

determine if any part of the equipment, load line, or load could get closer to the power line than theminimum clearance distance permitted under Table 1 in paragraph 7.1. If so, the requirements ofparagraph 6.2 must be followed to ensure the minimum clearance distance is maintained.NOTE: In order to allow this determination to be made, the utility owner/operator of the power lines mustprovide the information about the lines voltage within two working days of the employers request(29 CFR 1926.1407(e)).

7. Power Line Safety (up to 350 kV) Equipment Operations

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Verify that no part of a crane/derrick, load line, or load, whether partially or fully assembled, is allowed belowa power line unless the employer has confirmed that the utility owner/operator has deenergized the power lineand visibly grounded it at the worksite (29 CFR 1926.1407(c)).

Verify that no part of a crane/derrick, load line, or load, whether partially or fully assembled, is allowed closerto the power line than the minimum clearance distance in Table 1 in paragraph 7.1 unless the employer hasconfirmed that the utility owner/operator has deenergized the power line and visibly grounded it at theworksite.

Verify that the employer assumes that all power lines are energized unless the utility owner/operator confirmsthat the power line has been and continues to be deenergized and visibly grounded at the worksite (29 CFR1926.1407(f)).

Verify that there is at least one electrocution hazard warning conspicuously posted in the cab in view of theoperator and at least two posted on the outside of the equipment (29 CFR 1926.1407(g)).

EXCEPTION: The exterior warnings are not required for overhead gantry and tower cranes.

6.2 If equipment can get closer than 20 feet or alternate minimum clearance distances to energizedpower lines during assembly/disassembly, encroachment precautions must be taken. (29 CFR1926.1407)

Guide Note Where encroachment precautions are required under paragraph 6.1, verify that all of the following

requirements are met (29 CFR 1926.1407(b)):

a planning meeting must be held with the A/D director, operator, crew, and all other employees who willbe in the assembly/disassembly area to review the location of the power line(s) and the steps that will betaken to prevent encroachment which could result in electrocution;

if tag lines are used, they must be nonconductive; and at least one of the following additional measures must be in place and determined to be effective:

1) use of a dedicated spotter who is in continuous contact with the equipment operator (using anynecessary communication equipment), has a visual aid to identify the minimum clearance distance, ispositioned to effectively gauge the clearance distance, and gives timely information to the operator sothat the required clearance distance can be maintained;

NOTE: Examples of a visual aid include a clearly visible line painted on the ground, line ofstanchions, or set of line-of-sight landmarks.

2) use of a proximity alarm set to give the operator sufficient warning when approaching the minimumclearance distance;

3) use of a device such as a range control warning device that automatically warns the operator to stopmovement when approaching the minimum clearance distance;

4) use of a device that automatically limits range of movement so that the equipment cannot encroachon the minimum clearance distance; or

5) use of an elevated warning line, barricade, or a line of signs equipped with flags or similar high-visibility markings in the operators view.

.

7.1 Certain precautions must be taken during operation of equipment in proximity to power lines.(29 CFR 1926.1408(a), (c), (d), (e), (f), and (h))

Guide Note Verify that before beginning operations the employer identifies the work zone by either (29 CFR

1926.1408(a)):

demarcating boundaries with flags, a range limit device, a range control warning device, etc., andprohibiting the operator from operating the equipment past those boundaries; or

defining the work zone as the area 360 around the equipment, up to the equipments maximum workingradius.

NOTE: OSHA has provided some examples of acceptable demarcation of boundaries using flags in itsStandard Interpretation Letter of 3/29/12. These examples may assist employers and auditors in evaluatingwhether the work zone has been properly identified.



Verify that before beginning operations the employer determines if any part of the equipment load line or load(including rigging and lifting accessories) could get closer than 20 feet to a power line if operated up to theequipments maximum working radius in the work zone (29 CFR 1926.1408(b)).

If the determination shows that equipment could get within 20 feet of a power line, verify that therequirements of one of the following options are met (29 CFR 1926.1408(b)):

confirm from the utility owner/operator that the power line has been deenergized and visibly grounded atthe worksite;

ensure that no part of the equipment, load line, or load (including rigging and lifting accessories), getscloser than 20 feet to the power line by implementing the measures specified in paragraph 7.2; or

determine if any part of the equipment, load line, or load could get closer to the power line than theminimum clearance distance permitted under Table 1 of this paragraph. If so, the requirements ofparagraph 7.2 must be followed to ensure the minimum clearance distance is maintained.NOTE: In order to allow this determination to be made, the utility owner/operator of the power lines mustprovide the information about the lines voltage within two working days of the employers request(29 CFR 1926.1408(c)).

Verify that no part of a crane/derrick, load line, or load is allowed below a power line unless the employer hasconfirmed that the utility owner/operator has deenergized the power line and visibly grounded it at theworksite (29 CFR 1926.1408(d)(1)).

EXCEPTIONS: This requirement does not apply where the employer demonstrates one of the following(29 CFR 1926.1408(d)(2)):

the work is covered by 29 CFR 1926 Subpart V (see Power Transmission and Distribution (Module V)); for equipment with non-extensible booms, the uppermost part of the equipment with the boom at true

vertical would be more than 20 feet or more than the Table 1 minimum clearance distance below the planeof the power line;

for equipment with articulating or extensible booms, the uppermost part of the equipment with the boomin the fully extended position, at true vertical, would be more than 20 feet or more than the Table 1minimum clearance distance below the plane of the power line; or

it is infeasible to prohibit work below the power line, and the employer meets the requirements of 29 CFR1926.1410 (see section 9).

Verify that the employer assumes that all power lines are energized unless the utility owner/operator confirmsthat the power line has been and continues to be deenergized and visibly grounded at the worksite (29 CFR1926.1408(e)).

When working near transmitter/communication towers where the equipment is close enough for an electricalcharge to be induced in the equipment or materials being handled, verify that the transmitter is deenergized orthat both of the following precautions has been taken (29 CFR 1926.1408(f)):

the equipment has been provided with an electrical ground; and if tag lines are used, they must be non-conductive.

Verify that devices originally designed by the manufacturer for use as a safety device, operational aid, or ameans to prevent power line contact or electrocution meet the manufacturers procedures for use andconditions of use when used to comply with this section (29 CFR 1926.1408(h)).

Table 1: Minimum Clearance Distances

Nominal Voltage AC (in kV) Minimum Clearance Distance (in feet)

up to 50 10

over 50 to 200 15

over 200 to 350 20

over 350 to 500 25

over 500 to 750 35

over 750 to 1,000 45

over 1,000 As established by the utility owner/operator orregistered professional engineer who is aqualified person with respect to electrical powertransmission and distribution.

Source: 29 CFR 1926.1408 Table A

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7.2 If equipment can get closer than 20 feet or alternate minimum clearance distances to energizedpower lines during operation in the work zone, encroachment precautions must be taken.(29 CFR 1926.1408)

Guide Note Where encroachment precautions are required under paragraph 7.1, verify that all of the following

requirements are met (29 CFR 1926.1408(b)):

a planning meeting must be held with the operator and all other employees who will be in the area of theequipment or load to review the location of the power line(s) and the steps that will be taken to preventencroachment which could result in electrocution;

if tag lines are used, they must be nonconductive; an elevated warning line, barricade, or a line of signs equipped with flags or similar high-visibility

markings, must be erected in view of the operator at 20 feet from the power line or at the minimumapproach distance in Table 1 (see paragraph 7.1) as appropriate to the option being used; andNOTE: If the operator is unable to see the elevated warning line, the use of a dedicated spotter asdescribed in the following additional measures becomes mandatory, rather than optional.

at least one of the following additional measures must be in place and determined to be effective:

1) use of a dedicated spotter who is in continuous contact with the equipment operator (using anynecessary communication equipment), has a visual aid to identify the minimum clearance distance, ispositioned to effectively gauge the clearance distance, and gives timely information to the operator sothat the required clearance distance can be maintained;

NOTE: Examples of a visual aid include a clearly visible line painted on the ground, line ofstanchions, or a set of line-of-sight landmarks.

2) use of a proximity alarm set to give the operator sufficient warning when approaching the minimumclearance distance;

3) use of a device such as a range control warning device that automatically warns the operator to stopmovement when approaching the minimum clearance distance;

4) use of a device that automatically limits range of movement so that the equipment cannot encroachon the minimum clearance distance; or

5) use of an insulating device installed at a point between the end of the load line (or below) and theload.

EXCEPTION: The use of one of these additional measures is not required for work covered in 29 CFR1926 Subpart V (see Power Transmission and Distribution (Module V)).

7.3 Operators, crew members, and dedicated spotters must be properly trained. (29 CFR1926.1408(g))

Guide Note Verify that operators and crew members are trained in the procedures to be followed in the event of electrical

contact with a power line, including (29 CFR 1926.1408(g)(1)):

information regarding the danger of electrocution from the operator simultaneously touching theequipment and the ground;

the importance to the operators safety of remaining inside the cab except where there is an imminentdanger of fire, explosion, or other emergency that necessitates leaving the cab;

the safest means of evacuating from equipment that may be energized; the danger of the potentially energized zone around the equipment (step potential); the need for crew in the area to avoid approaching or touching the equipment and the load; and safe clearance distance from power lines.

Verify that operators and crew members are also trained in the following information (29 CFR1926.1408(g)(1)):

power lines are always presumed to be energized unless the utility owner/operator confirms that the powerline has been and continues to be deenergized and visibly grounded at the worksite;

power lines are always presumed to be uninsulated unless the utility owner/operator or a registeredengineer who is a qualified person with respect to electrical power transmission and distribution confirmsthat a line is insulated;

the limitations of any insulating link/devices, proximity alarms, range control devices, etc., used; and the procedures to be followed to properly ground equipment and the limitations of grounding.

8. Power Line Safety (over 350 kV)

9. Power Line Safety (all voltages) Equipment Operations



Verify that employees working as dedicated spotters are trained to enable them to effectively perform theirtask, including training on the applicable requirements of this section (29 CFR 1926.1408(g)(2)).

Verify that training is administered in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.1430(g) (see paragraph 21.1) (29 CFR1926.1408(g)(3)).

.

8.1 Certain precautions must be taken during assembly/disassembly and operation of equipment inproximity to power lines over 350 kV. (29 CFR 1926.1409)

Guide Note Verify that all work in proximity to power lines over 350 kV meets the requirements of sections 6 and 7 with

the following differences (29 CFR 1926.1409):

for power lines at or below 1000 kV, wherever the distance 20 feet is specified, the distance 50 feetmust be substituted; and

for power lines over 1000 kV, the minimum clearance distance must be established by the utilityowner/operator or registered professional engineer who is a qualified person with respect to electricalpower transmission and distribution.

.

9.1 Equipment operations in which any part of the equipment, load line, or load (including riggingand lifting accessories) is closer to an energized power line than the minimum approachdistance under Table 1 in paragraph 7.1 is prohibited, unless certain conditions are all met.(29 CFR 1926.1410)

Guide Note Verify that the employer determines that it is infeasible to do the work without breaching the specified

minimum approach distances (29 CFR 1926.1410(a)). Verify that the employer consults with the utility owner/operator and that together they determine that it is

infeasible to deenergize and ground the power line or relocate it (29 CFR 1926.1410(b)). Verify that the power line owner/operator or a registered professional engineer who is a qualified person with

respect to electrical power transmission and distribution determines the minimum clearance distance that mustbe maintained to prevent electrical contact in light of the on-site conditions, after considering at least thefollowing factors (29 CFR 1926.1410(c)(1)):

conditions affecting atmospheric conductivity; time necessary to bring the equipment, load line, and load (including rigging and lifting accessories) to a

complete stop; wind conditions; degree of sway in the power line; lighting conditions; and any other conditions affecting the ability to prevent electrical contact.

EXCEPTION: This requirement does not apply to work covered by 29 CFR 1926 Subpart V. For suchwork, the minimum clearance distances specified in 29 CFR 1926.950 Table V-1 apply. Employersengaged in Subpart V work are permitted to work closer than the distances in 29 CFR 1926.960(c)(1)(i)(see Power Transmission and Distribution (Module V) Rulebook section 12) (29 CFR 1926.1410(c)(2)).

Verify that a planning meeting is held with the employer and utility owner/operator or qualified registeredprofessional engineer to determine the procedures that will be followed to prevent electrical contact andelectrocution, and that those procedures include at least the following (29 CFR 1926.1410(d)):

If the power line is equipped with a device that automatically reenergizes the circuit in the event of apower line contact, the automatic reclosing feature of the circuit-interrupting device must be madeinoperative (if the design of the device permits) before the work begins.

A dedicated spotter who is in continuous contact with the equipment operator (using any necessarycommunication equipment), has a visual aid to identify the minimum clearance distance, is positioned toeffectively gauge the clearance distance, and gives timely information to the operator so that the requiredclearance distance can be maintained must be used.

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NOTE: Examples of a visual aid include a clearly visible line painted on the ground, a line of stanchions,or a set of line-of-sight landmarks.

An elevated warning line, or barricade (not attached to the crane), in view of the operator (either directlyor through video equipment), equipped with flags or similar high-visibility markings, must be used toprevent electrical contact.

EXCEPTION: The warning line or barricade is not required for work covered by 29 CFR 1926 Subpart V.

An insulating link/device must be installed at a point between the end of the load line (or below) and theload.

EXCEPTION 1: For work covered by 29 CFR 1926 Subpart V this requirement applies only whenworking inside the 29 CFR 1926.950 Table V-1 clearance distances. Where use of an insulatinglink/device is infeasible in this type of work, the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.269(p)(4)(iii)(B) or (C)may be substituted for the requirement for an insulating link/device.

EXCEPTION 2: Until November 8, 2011, insulating or guarding all employees (excluding equipmentoperators located on the equipment) who may come in contact with the equipment, the load line, or theload from such contact is an acceptable alternative to the requirement for an insulating link/device.Insulating gloves rated for the voltage of the power line meet this alternate requirement (29 CFR1926.1410(d)(4)(iv)).

EXCEPTION 3: Until November 8, 2013, the employer may use an insulating link/device that has notbeen approved by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory as long as the device is maintained andused in accordance with manufacturer requirements and recommendations and employees are alsoinsulated or guarded with additional means such as properly rated insulating gloves (29 CFR1926.1410(d)(4)(v)).

If the rigging may encroach on the required minimum clearance distance, it must be nonconductive. If the equipment is equipped with a device that automatically limits range of movement, it must be used

and set to prevent any part of the equipment, load line, or load from breaching the minimum approachdistance established by the utility owner/operator or qualified registered professional engineer.

If tag lines are used, they must be non-conductive. Barricades forming a perimeter at least 10 feet away from the equipment must be used to prevent

unauthorized personnel from entering the work area. In areas where obstacles prevent the barricade frombeing at least 10 feet away, it must be as far from the equipment as feasible.

Workers other than the operator must be prohibited from touching the load line above the insulatinglink/device and crane.

Operators operating the equipment remotely from the ground must use either wireless controls that isolatethe operator from the equipment or insulating mats that insulate the operator from the ground.

Only personnel essential to the operation may be allowed in the area of the crane and load. The equipment must be properly grounded. Insulating line hose or cover-up must be installed by the utility owner/operator except where such devices

are unavailable for the line voltages involved.

Verify that these procedures are documented and immediately available on-site (29 CFR 1926.1410(e)). Verify that the equipment user and utility owner/operator or qualified registered professional engineer meet

with the equipment operator and the other workers who will be in the area of the equipment or load to reviewthe procedures that will be implemented to prevent breaching the minimum approach distance and the potentialfor electrocution (29 CFR 1926.1410(f)).

Verify that the procedures are implemented as developed (29 CFR 1926.1410(g)). Verify that the utility owner/operator (or registered professional engineer) and all employers of employees

involved in the work identify one person who will direct the implementation of the procedures and who hasthe authority to stop work at any time to ensure safety (29 CFR 1926.1410(h)).

Verify that if a problem occurs with the implementation of the procedures, or there is an indication that theprocedures are not adequate, the employer safely stops operations and either develops new procedures or hasthe utility owner/operator deenergize and visibly ground or relocate the power line before resuming work(29 CFR 1926.1410(j)).

Verify that devices originally designed by the manufacturer for use as safety devices, operational aids, or ameans to prevent power line contact or electrocution comply with the manufacturers procedures for use andconditions of use when used to comply with this section (29 CFR 1926.1410(k)).

Verify that the employer trains each operator and crew member assigned to work with the equipment inaccordance with 29 CFR 1926.1408(g) (see paragraph 7.3) (29 CFR 1926.1410(m)).

10. Power Line Safety Traveling



.

This section establishes procedures and criteria that must be met for equipment on aconstruction site when traveling under or near a power line with no load. Equipment travelingwith a load is governed by 29 CFR 1926.1408, 29 CFR 1926.1409 or 29 CFR 1926.1410(whichever is appropriate), and 29 CFR 1926.1417(u).

10.1 Certain precautions must be taken when traveling under or near power lines with no load.(29 CFR 1926.1411))

Guide Note Verify that the employer ensures that the boom/mast and boom/mast support system are lowered sufficiently

while traveling (29 CFR 1926.1411(b)(1)). Verify that the clearances, specified in Table 1 of this paragraph, are maintained (29 CFR 1926.1411(b)(2)). Verify that the effects of speed and terrain on equipment movement (including movement of the boom/mast)

are considered so that they do not cause the minimum clearance distances, specified in Table 1 of thisparagraph, to be breached (29 CFR 1926.1411(b)(3)).

If any part of the equipment will get closer than 20 feet to the power line during travel, verify that a dedicatedspotter is used who is in continuous contact with the equipment operator (using any necessary communicationequipment), has a visual aid to identify the minimum clearance distance, is positioned to effectively gauge theclearance distance, and gives timely information to the operator so that the required clearance distance can bemaintained (29 CFR 1926.1411(b)(4)).

When traveling at night or in conditions of poor visibility, verify that following additional precautions aretaken (29 CFR 1926.1411(b)(5)):

the power lines are illuminated or another means of identifying the location of the lines is used; and a safe path of travel is identified and used.

Table 1: Minimum Clearance Distances while Traveling with No Load

Nominal Voltage AC (in kV) Minimum Clearance Distance (in feet)

up to 0.75 4

over 0.75 to 50 6

over 50 to 345 10

over 345 to 750 16

over 750 to 1,000 20

over 1,000 As established by the utility owner/operator orregistered professional engineer who is aqualified person with respect to electrical powertransmission and distribution.

Source: 29 CFR 1926.1411 Table T

11. Inspections

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.

11.1 Modified equipment must be inspected in accordance with certain requirements. (29 CFR1926.1412(a))

Guide Note Verify that equipment that has had modifications or additions which affect its safe operation (such as those

involving a safety device or operational aid, critical part of a control system, power plant, braking system,load-sustaining structural components, load hook, or in-use operating mechanism) or capacity is inspected by aqualified person prior to initial use (29 CFR 1926.1412(a)(1)).

Verify that the inspection includes the following (29 CFR 1926.1412(a)(1)):

assurance that the modifications or additions have been done in accordance with the approval obtainedpursuant to 29 CFR 1926.1434 (see section 25); and

functional testing of the equipment.

Verify that the equipment is not used until the inspection demonstrates that the equipment modifications oradditions have been done properly (29 CFR 1926.1412(a)(2)).

11.2 Repaired or adjusted equipment must be inspected in accordance with certain requirements.(29 CFR 1926.1412(b))

Guide Note Verify that equipment that has had a repair or adjustment which relates to its safe operation (such as those

involving a safety device or operational aid, critical part of a control system, power plant, braking system,load-sustaining structural components, load hook, or in-use operating mechanism) is inspected by a qualifiedperson prior to initial use (29 CFR 1926.1412(b)(1)).

Verify that the inspection includes the following (29 CFR 1926.1412(b)(1)):

determination if the repair/adjustment meets the manufacturers equipment criteria (where applicable andavailable);

where the manufacturers equipment criteria are unavailable or not applicable, a determination as towhether criteria can be developed by the qualified person, or whether criteria must be developed by aregistered professional engineer (RPE);

where the manufacturers equipment criteria are unavailable or not applicable, development of criteria by aqualified person or an RPE, as appropriate; and

functional testing of the equipment.

Verify that the equipment is not used until the inspection demonstrates that the equipment repairs oradjustments have been made properly (29 CFR 1926.1412(b)(4)).

11.3 Post-assembly inspections must be conducted in accordance with certain requirements. (29 CFR1926.1412(c))

Guide Note Verify that equipment is inspected by a qualified person upon completion of assembly to assure that it is

configured in accordance with the manufacturers equipment criteria (29 CFR 1926.1412(c)(1)). Where the manufacturers equipment criteria are unavailable, verify that a determination is made as to whether

criteria can be developed by the qualified person, or whether criteria must be developed by an RPE (29 CFR1926.1412(c)(2)).

Where the manufacturers equipment criteria are unavailable, verify that criteria are developed by a qualifiedperson or an RPE, as appropriate (29 CFR 1926.1412(c)(2)).

Verify that the equipment is not used until the inspection demonstrates that the equipment is properlyconfigured (29 CFR 1926.1412(c)(3)).



11.4 Inspections must be conducted in accordance with certain requirements prior to each shift thatthe equipment will be used. (29 CFR 1926.1412(d))

Guide Note Verify that a competent person begins a visual inspection of equipment prior to each shift when the equipment

will be used, and completes the inspection before or during the shift (29 CFR 1926.1412(d)(1)).

NOTE: The inspector is not required to take apart equipment components or boom down unless the resultsof the visual inspection or trial operation indicate that further investigation necessitating taking apartequipment components or booming down is needed.

Verify that the inspection includes at least the following (29 CFR 1926.1412(d)(1)):

observation for apparent deficiencies; control mechanisms for maladjustments interfering with proper operation; control and drive mechanisms for apparent excessive wear of components and contamination by

lubricants, water, or other foreign matter; air, hydraulic, and other pressurized lines for deterioration or leakage, particularly those which flex in

normal operation; hydraulic system for proper fluid level; hooks and latches for deformation, cracks, excessive wear, or damage such as from chemicals or heat; wire rope reeving for compliance with the manufacturers specifications; wire rope, in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.1413(a) (see paragraph 12.1); electrical apparatus for malfunctioning, signs of apparent excessive deterioration, and dirt or moisture

accumulation; tires (when in use) for proper inflation and condition; ground conditions around the equipment for proper support, including ground settling under and around

outriggers/stabilizers and supporting foundations, ground water accumulation, or similar condition;

NOTE: This requirement does not apply to the inspection of ground conditions for railroad tracks andtheir underlying support when the railroad tracks are part of the general railroad system of transportationthat is regulated pursuant to the Federal Railroad Administration under 49 CFR 213.

the equipment for level position within the tolerances specified by the equipment manufacturersrecommendations, both before each shift and after each move and setup;

operator cab windows for significant cracks, breaks, or other deficiencies that would hamper the operatorsview;

rails, rail stops, rail clamps and supporting surfaces when the equipment has rail traveling; and

NOTE: This requirement does not apply to the inspection of ground conditions for railroad tracks andtheir underlying support when the railroad tracks are part of the general railroad system of transportationthat is regulated pursuant to the Federal Railroad Administration under 49 CFR 213.

safety devices and operational aids for proper operation.

Verify that determinations made in conducting the inspection are reassessed in light of observations madeduring operation (29 CFR 1926.1412(d)(1)).

If any deficiency is identified (including in additional inspection items required to be checked for specifictypes of equipment in accordance with other sections of this module), verify that an immediate determinationis made by the competent person as to whether the deficiency constitutes a safety hazard (29 CFR1926.1412(d)(2)).

If a deficiency is determined to be a safety hazard, verify that the equipment is taken out of service until thedeficiency has been corrected (29 CFR 1926.1412(d)(2)).

If a deficiency is identified in a safety device or operational aid, verify that the actions required in 29 CFR1926.1415 and 29 CFR 1926.1416 are taken prior to using the equipment (see section 14) (29 CFR1926.1412(d)(3)).

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11.5 Certain monthly inspections must be conducted. (29 CFR 1926.1412(e))Guide Note Verify that each month the equipment is in service it is inspected in accordance with paragraph 11.4 (29 CFR

1926.1412(e)(1)). Verify that equipment is not used until a monthly inspection demonstrates that no corrective action is required

in accordance with paragraph 11.4 (29 CFR 1926.1412(e)(2)). Verify that the employer who conducts the inspection maintains the following documentation for at least three

months (29 CFR 1926.1412(e)(3)):

the items checked and the results of the inspections; and the name and signature of the person who conducted the inspection and the date.

11.6 Comprehensive inspections must be conducted annually. (29 CFR 1926.1412(f))Guide Note Verify that a qualified person inspects the equipment at least every 12 months in accordance with paragraph

11.5 (29 CFR 1926.1412(f)(1)).NOTE: For comprehensive annual inspections, the corrective actions specified in this paragraph must beimplemented, not those called for in paragraph 11.5.

Verify that at least every 12 months the qualified person also conducts an inspection for all of the following(29 CFR 1926.1412(f)(2)):

NOTE: Disassembly is required as necessary to complete the inspection:

equipment structure (including the boom and, if equipped, the jib) for deformed, cracked, or significantlycorroded structural members; loose, failed, or significantly corroded bolts, rivets, or other fasteners; orcracked welds;

sheaves and drums for cracks or significant wear; parts such as pins, bearings, shafts, gears, rollers and locking devices for distortion, cracks, or significant

wear; brake and clutch system parts, linings, pawls, and ratchets for excessive wear; safety devices and operational aids for proper operation, including significant inaccuracies; gasoline, diesel, electric, or other power plants for safety-related problems (such as leaking exhaust and

emergency shut-down feature) and conditions, and proper operation; chains and chain drive sprockets for excessive wear of sprockets and excessive chain stretch; travel steering, brakes, and locking devices, for proper operation; tires for damage or excessive wear; hydraulic, pneumatic, and other pressurized hoses, fittings and tubing, as follows:

1) flexible hose or its junction with the fittings for indications of leaks;2) threaded or clamped joints for leaks;3) outer covering of the hose for blistering, abnormal deformation, or other signs of failure/impending

failure; and4) outer surface of a hose, rigid tube, or fitting for indications of excessive abrasion or scrubbing.

hydraulic and pneumatic pumps and motors, as follows:

1) performance indicators: unusual noises or vibration, low operating speed, excessive heating of thefluid, low pressure;

2) loose bolts or fasteners; and3) shaft seals and joints between pump sections for leaks.

hydraulic and pneumatic valves, as follows:

1) spools: sticking, improper return to neutral, and leaks;2) leaks;3) valve housing cracks; and4) relief valves for failure to reach correct pressure (using the manufacturers procedure for checking

pressure if such exists).

hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders, as follows:

1) drifting caused by fluid leaking across the piston;2) rod seals and welded joints for leaks;3) cylinder rods for scores, nicks, or dents;4) case (barrel) for significant dents; and5) rod eyes and connecting joints that are loose or deformed.



outrigger or stabilizer pads/floats for excessive wear or cracks; slider pads for excessive wear or cracks; electrical components and wiring for cracked or split insulation and loose or corroded terminations; missing or illegible warning labels and decals originally supplied with the equipment by the manufacturer

or otherwise required under this standard; missing originally equipped operator seat (or equivalent); unserviceable operator seat; missing originally equipped steps, ladders, handrails, or guards; and unusable or damaged steps, ladders, handrails, or guards.

Verify that the inspection includes functional testing to determine that the equipment as configured in theinspection is functioning properly (29 CFR 1926.1412(f)(3)).

If any deficiency is identified, verify that an immediate determination is made by the qualified person as towhether the deficiency constitutes a safety hazard or, though not yet a safety hazard, needs to be monitored inthe monthly inspections (29 CFR 1926.1412(f)(4)).

If the qualified person determines that a deficiency is a safety hazard, verify that the equipment is taken out ofservice until it has been corrected, except when temporary alternative measures are implemented as specifiedin 29 CFR 1926.1416(d) (see paragraph 14.3) or 29 CFR 1926.1435(e) (see paragraph 26.3) (29 CFR1926.1412(f)(5)).

If the qualified person determines that the deficiency is not presently a safety hazard but needs to bemonitored, verify that the employer ensures that the deficiency is checked in the monthly inspections (29 CFR1926.1412(f)(6)).

Verify that the employer that conducts the inspection maintains the following documentation for at least12 months (29 CFR 1926.1412(f)(7)):


11.7 Additional inspections must be conducted when the severity of use/conditions is such that thereis a reasonable probability of damage or excessive wear. (29 CFR 1926.1412(g))

Guide Note Where the severity of use or conditions is such that there is a reasonable probability of damage or excessive

wear (such as loading or shock loading that may have exceeded rated capacity, prolonged exposure to acorrosive atmosphere, etc.), verify that the employer stops the work and a qualified person does the following(29 CFR 1926.1412(g)):

inspects the equipment for structural damage to determine if it can continue to be used safely; determines whether there are indications that any of the items in paragraph 11.6 need to be inspected, and

inspects them as needed; evaluates the seriousness of any deficiencies found; and takes the equipment out of service, takes temporary alternate measures, or continues to monitor the

deficiency as appropriate.

11.8 Equipment that has been idle for three months or more must be inspected. (29 CFR1926.1412(h))

Guide Note Where equipment has been idle for three months or more, verify that it is inspected in accordance with

requirements of paragraph 11.7 before being put in use (29 CFR 1926.1412(h)).

11.9 Certain additional requirements must be met. (29 CFR 1926.1412(j) and (k))Guide Note Where the manufacturers procedures for inspections relating to safe operation of the equipment (such as for a

safety device or operational aid, critical part of a control system, power plant, braking system, load-sustainingstructural components, load hook, or in-use operating mechanism) are more comprehensive or call for a higherfrequency than those in this section, verify that the manufacturers procedures are followed (29 CFR1926.1412(j)).

Verify that all required documents are made available to all persons who conduct inspections for the requiredretention times (29 CFR 1926.1412(k)).

12. Wire Rope Inspection

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.

12.1 Inspections must be conducted in accordance with certain requirements prior to each shift whenwire ropes will be used. (29 CFR 1926.1413(a))

Guide Note Verify that a competent person begins a visual inspection of running and standing wire ropes prior to each

shift when the equipment will be used, and completes the inspection before or during the shift (29 CFR1926.1413(a)(1)).

NOTE: The inspector is not required to untwist (open) the wire rope as part of the inspection.

Verify that the inspection includes the following Category I apparent deficiencies (29 CFR 1926.1413(a)(2)(i)):

significant distortion of the wire rope structure such as kinking, crushing, unstranding, birdcaging, signs ofcore failure, or steel core protrusion between the outer strands;

significant corrosion; electric arc damage (from a source other than power lines) or heat damage; improperly applied end connections; and significantly corroded, cracked, bent, or worn end connections (such as from severe service).

Verify that the inspection includes the following Category II apparent deficiencies (29 CFR1926.1413(a)(2)(ii)):

in running wire ropes: six randomly distributed visible broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wiresin one strand in one rope lay, where a rope lay is the length along the rope in which one strand makes acomplete revolution around the rope;

in rotation resistant ropes: two randomly distributed visible broken wires in six rope diameters or fourrandomly distributed broken wires in 30 rope diameters;

in pendants or standing wire ropes: more than two visible broken wires in one rope lay located in ropebeyond end connections and/or more than one broken wire in a rope lay located at an end connection; and

a diameter reduction of more than five percent from nominal diameter in any rope.

Verify that the inspection includes the following Category III apparent deficiencies (29 CFR1926.1413(a)(2)(iii)):

in rotation-resistant wire rope, core protrusion or other distortion indicating core failure; prior electrical contact with a power line; and a broken strand.

Verify that the inspection gives particular attention to all of the following critical review items (29 CFR1926.1413(a)(3)):

rotation resistant wire rope in use; wire rope being used for boom hoists and luffing hoists, particularly at reverse bends; wire rope at flange points, crossover points, and repetitive pickup points on drums; wire rope at or near terminal ends; and wire rope in contact with saddles, equalizer sheaves, or other sheaves where rope travel is limited.

12.2 If deficiencies are found during the shift inspections, certain actions must be taken. (29 CFR1926.1413(a)(4))

Guide Note If a deficiency is found in a Category I item, verify that the competent person determines if the deficiency

constitutes a safety hazard and, if so, stops the operations using the wire rope until either of the followingoccurs (29 CFR 1926.1413(a)(4)(i)):

the wire rope is replaced; or if the deficiency is localized, the wire rope is cut in two, and operations continue with the undamaged

portion providing this portion is long enough that the drum will still have two wraps of wire when theload and/or boom is in its lowest position.

NOTE: Joining lengths of wire rope by splicing is prohibited.

If a deficiency is found in a Category II item, verify that operations using the wire rope are stopped until oneof the following occurs (29 CFR 1926.1413(a)(4)(ii)):

the employer complies with the wire rope manufacturers established criteria for removal from service or adifferent criteria that the wire rope manufacturer has approved in writing for that specific wire rope;






If a deficiency is found in a Category III item, verify that operations using the wire rope are stopped untileither of the following occurs (29 CFR 1926.1413(a)(4)(iii)):

the wire rope is replaced; or if the deficiency is localized and does not involve power line contact, the wire rope is cut in two, and

operations continue with the undamaged portion providing this portion is long enough that the drum willstill have two wraps of wire when the load and/or boom is in its lowest position.

NOTE: Joining lengths of wire rope by splicing and repair of a wire rope that has contacted an energizedpower line are prohibited.

If a wire rope is required to be taken out of service, verify that either the equipment (as a whole) or the hoistwith that wire rope is tagged-out in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.1417(f)(1) (see paragraph 15.3) until thewire rope is repaired or replaced (29 CFR 1926.1413(a)(4)(iv)).

12.3 Certain monthly inspections must be conducted. (29 CFR 1926.1413(b))Guide Note Verify that each month that the equipment is in service it is inspected in accordance with paragraph 12.1

(29 CFR 1926.1413(b)(1)). Verify that the inspection includes any items that were determined to require monitoring during annual

inspections in accordance with paragraph 12.4 (29 CFR 1926.1413(b)(2)). Verify that equipment is not used until a monthly inspection demonstrates that no corrective action is required

in accordance with paragraph 12.2 (29 CFR 1926.1413(b)(3)). Verify that the employer that conducts the inspection maintains the following documentation for at least three

months (29 CFR 1926.1413(b)(4)):


12.4 Comprehensive inspections must be conducted annually. (29 CFR 1926.1413(c))Guide Note Verify that a qualified person inspects wire ropes in use on equipment at least every 12 months in accordance

with paragraph 12.1 (29 CFR 1926.1413(c)(1)). Verify that the inspection meets the following requirements (29 CFR 1926.1413(c)(2)):

the inspection must be complete and thorough, covering the surface of the entire length of the wire ropes; the inspection must look for Category I, Category II, and Category III deficiencies; particular attention given to all of the following:

1) critical review items listed in paragraph 12.1;2) those portions of the rope that are normally hidden during shift and monthly inspections;3) wire rope subject to reverse bends; and4) wire rope passing over sheaves.

If inspections cannot be conducted in accordance with these requirements due to existing set-up andconfiguration of the equipment (such as where an assist crane is needed) or due to site conditions (such as adense urban setting), verify that they are conducted as soon as it becomes feasible, but no longer than anadditional six months for running ropes and at the time of disassembly for standing ropes (29 CFR1926.1413(c)(2)(iii)).

If any deficiency is identified, verify that an immediate determination is made by the qualified person as towhether the deficiency constitutes a safety hazard and, if so, that operations are stopped until either of thefollowing occurs (29 CFR 1926.1413(c)(3)(i)).




13. Wire Rope Selection and Installation Criteria

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If the qualified person determines that the deficiency is not presently a safety hazard but needs to bemonitored, verify that the employer ensures that the deficiency is checked in the monthly inspections (29 CFR1926.1413(c)(3)(ii)).

Verify that the employer who conducts the inspection maintains the following documentation for at least12 months (29 CFR 1926.1413(c)(4)):


12.5 Certain additional requirements must be met. (29 CFR 1926.1413(d) and (e))Guide Note Verify that rope lubricants that hinder inspection are not used (29 CFR 1926.1413(d)). Verify that all required documents are made available to all persons who conduct inspections for the required

retention times (29 CFR 1926.1413(e)).

.

For the purposes of this section, rotation-resistant ropes are defined as follows (29 CFR1926.1414(e)(1)):

Type I rotation-resistant rope is stranded rope constructed to have little or no tendency torotate or, if guided, transmits little or no torque. It has at least 15 outer strands andcomprises an assembly of at least three layers of strands laid helically over a center in twooperations. The direction of lay of the outer strands is opposite to that of the underlyinglayer.

Type II rotation-resistant rope is stranded rope constructed to have significant resistance torotation. It has at least 10 outer strands and comprises an assembly of two or more layersof strands laid helically over a center in two or three operations. The direction of lay of theouter strands is opposite to that of the underlying layer.

Type III rotation-resistant rope is stranded rope constructed to have limited resistance torotation. It has no more than nine outer strands, and comprises an assembly of two layersof strands laid helically over a center in two operations. The direction of lay of the outerstrands is opposite to that of the underlying layer.

13.1 Wire rope must be selected and installed in accordance with certain requirements. (29 CFR1926.1414(a) (c) and (f) (h))

Guide Note Verify that original equipment wire rope and replacement wire rope are selected and installed in accordance

with the requirements of this section (29 CFR 1926.1414(a)). Verify that replacement wire rope is selected in accordance with the recommendations of the wire rope

manufacturer, the equipment manu

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