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Cranes and Crane Operators
and Construction Work
Larry Markee, Crane Technical Specialist
Department Of Labor and Industries
Division of Occupational Safety and Health
November 16, 2006
Objectives
Review Phase One
Identify where Washington’s current rule could
be impacted by OSHA rule
Steve’s presentation will contain overview of
OSHA’s new crane and derricks standard
3
The New Construction Crane Rule•Phase One:
Crane Certification
Crane Certifiers
Operator Qualifications January 1, 2010
•Phase Two:
Adopt OSHA’s Crane Rule
Address and update
Part L of Chapter 296-155
Safety Standards for Construction Work
Scope
This crane safety rule applies to power-
operated cranes and derricks used in
construction that can hoist, lower and
horizontally move a suspended load
(with or without attachments).
•Phase one
Crane Certification
Crane Operator Qualifications
Crane Certifier Accreditation
Mobile
Cranes
Lattice
Boom
Cranes
Rough-Terrain
Cranes
Fixed Cab
Hydraulic Cranes
Articulating Boom Cranes
Operator certification
Tower Cranes
Derricks
What’s Excluded ?
The following equipment is exempt from
Annual Crane certification
&
Operator Certification
Exempt
Mechanic’s
truck when
used for
equipment
maintenance
or repair
work
Certification Not Required
Cranes with
a maximum
capacity of
one ton or
less.
Service
trucks with
booms that
rotate
manually
Does not fall under the New standard
Service trucks
(digger derricks)
specifically
designed for power
line work
Note:
This could change
Excavators
Backhoes
Telehandlers / Forklifts
Drilling
Rigs
Machines with booms that
are limited to up & down
movement only and does
not rotate
Pump hoists
with booms
that do not
rotate
Crane & Operator Certification Not Required
When…..
Used in manufacturing facilities or powerhouses
while used in routine maintenance and repair work
Maintenance in Manufacturing
22
Maintenance or repair work?
Occasional or routine?
Regular, customary, and foreseeable work
necessary to keep equipment in good repair?
If this answer is "yes", then the rule would not
apply.
If this answer is "no", then the rule would apply.
Crane Certification
Requirements
•Certification
•Annual Inspection
•Proof Load Test
Mobile
Articulating Cranes
**Tower Cranes (annual certification and after each
assembly, jumping, etc.)
Certification Requirements
Mobile Crane Components
Quadrennial Proof Load Test / Annual
Inspection
Crane Components
Boom Sections
Back Mask Sections
Luffing Booms
Jibs and Jib Sections
Temporary certificate
of operation.
Accredited crane certifiers will issue a
temporary certificate of operation if upon
inspection and load proof testing no
deficiencies were found that would affect the
safe operation of the crane.
WAC 296-155-53114 (1)
A copy of the crane worksheet, completed by
the accredited certifier will act as a temporary
certificate of operation until the annual
certificate of operation is issued by the
Department.
The temporary or annual certificate of
operation must be posted in the operator's cab
or with the operator's manual.
WAC 296-155-53114 (7)
Crane / Component
Identification Sticker
7 0 5 4 3 2 1
Sky-High Cranes INC.Morr-Gra
Sky-High # 42Boom Tip
04191952 G-M57 M-G C
Annual
Text/Examination
Certificate
Certificates of operation issued by the
department under the crane
certification program established in
this section are valid for one year from
the effective date of the temporary
operating certificate issued by the
certified crane inspector.
The annual certificate of operation
must be posted in the operator's cab
or with the operator’s manual
WAC 296-155-53114(7)
Construction Crane Operators
Qualifications & Requirements
Operator Qualifications & Certification
The crane operator must:
Have a valid crane operator certificate, for the type of crane to be operated, issued by a crane operator testing organization accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency; and
Has crane hours of experience as shown in Table 1; and
Passed a substance abuse test conducted by a recognized laboratory.
» WAC 296-155-53300(1)(a)
Accredited Crane Operator Testing
Organizations
National Commission for the Certification of
Crane Operators (NCCCO) http://nccco.org/
Crane Institute of America Certification (CIC) http://www.craneinstitutecertification.com/
National Center for Construction Education
and Research (NCCER) http://www.nccer.org/
Operating Engineers Certification Program http://www.iuoe.org/Training/nbsp/tabid/215/Default.aspx
Crane Operator Testing Originations
National Center for Construction
Education and ResearchNational Commission for the
Certification of Crane Operators
Crane Institute of America Certification
Operating Engineers Certification
Program.
Crane Operator Certification Card
Crane Categories and Types
Tower Crane
– TOW-
Articulating Boom Crane
Operator
– ABC ( with hook)
– ABL ( with forks)
– ABW (with winch)
Overhead Crane
– OVR-
Lattice Boom Truck Crane
– LBT-
Lattice Boom Crawler Crane
– LBC
Large Telescopic Boom Crane
– TLL- (Swing Cab)
Small Telescopic Boom Crane
– TSS- (Fixed Cab)
Crane Operator Hours
of Experience
Table 1
Actual Operating Hours
Time while the operator is:
At the controls
Has direct control of the crane
Operating hours within the same crane type
Installing/removing boom sections
Extending and retracting outriggers/stabilizers
Leveling crane, and replacing hoisting rope
Related Crane Experience
•Time as a signalman/bellman, oiler, crane
mechanic, crane inspector
•Formal classroom training, crane
simulator operation, and
•A combination of operating hours on other
categories of cranes
Crane Operator Hours
For crane operating and crane related
experience, the employer may accept a
declaration from the crane operator
attesting to actual hours of crane
operator experience and crane related
experience separated out by crane type
and capacity
Declaration of
Operator Hours
http://www.lni.wa.gov/TradesLicensing/LicensingReq/ConstructionCranes/default.asp#2
The employer must
obtain documentation
showing hours of crane
operator experience and
crane related experience
separated out by crane
type and capacity.
OSHA Cranes & Derricks Subpart
CC
OSHA’s Crane Rule
40
Scope
Definitions
Ground Conditions
Assembly/Disassembly
Power Line Safety
Inspections
Wire Rope
Safety Devices
Operational Aids
Operation
Authority To Stop
Signals
Fall Protection
Work Area Control
Keeping Clear Of The Load
Free Fall/ Controlled Load Lowering
Operator Qualification and Certification
• Signal Person Qualifications
• Qualifications of Maintenance and Repair Workers
• Training
• Hoisting Personnel
• Multiple Crane/Derrick Lifts
• Design, Construction and Testing
• Equipment Modification
• Tower Cranes
• Derricks
• Floating Cranes & Land Cranes on Barges
• Overhead and Gantry Cranes
• Dedicated Pile Drivers
• Sideboom Cranes
• Requirements for Equipment w/ Capacity of 2000 lbs and Less
OSHA Washington State
41
Crane Operator Qualifications
OPTION 1:
Accredited Testing Organization
OPTION 2:
Employer Qualification Program
OPTION 3:
U.S. Military
OPTION 4:
State/Local Government License
• Crane Operator Qualifications
• Accredited Testing Organization
OSHA Washington State
42
Crane Operator Qualifications
– Phased in over four years –August 9, 2014
• Crane Operator Qualifications
• Current Requirement
OSHA Washington State
43
Forklift Exemption
Exemption:
Powered industrial trucks (forklifts),
except when configured to hoist
and lower (by means of a winch or
hook) and horizontally move a
suspended load.
• Forklift Exemption
• Current Exemption:Powered industrial trucks (forklifts).
OSHA Washington State
44
Digger Derrick Exemption
Exemption:
Digger derricks when used for
augering holes for poles carrying
electric and telecommunication
lines, placing and removing the
poles, and for handling associated
materials to be installed on or
removed from the poles
• Digger DerrickExemption
• Current Exemption:Service trucks with mobile lifting devices designed specifically for use in the power line and electric service industries or handling associated materials
OSHA Washington State
45
Articulating Boom Truck
Exemption:
Articulating/knuckle-boom truck
cranes that deliver material to a
construction site when used to
transfer materials from the crane
to the ground or on to the building
structure.
This does not include load which
are suspended during the
unloading
• Articulating Boom Truck
• No exemption
Where we are and What’s ahead
Total Construction cranes certified -
2013
This includes:
– Mobile Cranes - 1642
– Articulating - 272
– Tower - 48
– Overhead - 47
– Derricks - 4
» Aug2010
Where we are and What’s ahead
47
Since January 1, 2010
– 185 crane inspections
– 80 uncertified cranes
– 49 uncertified crane operators
– Most of these inspections were
due to complaints and referrals.
Where we are and What’s ahead
48
Currently we reviewing OSHA’s adopted
crane rule.
Merging their document into our proposed
crane rule
Where we are and What’s ahead
49
Washington’s proposed crane rule will
include:
OSHA’s requirements
Requirements for “self-erecting tower
cranes”
Rigging – below the hook lifting devices
Where we are and What’s ahead
50
Before rule can be finalized
Small Business Economic Impact
Statement (SBEIS)
Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)
Target until late summer or early fall of 2011
