CPWF PowerPoint_Ganges Overview - (G2)

7/31/2019 CPWF PowerPoint_Ganges Overview - (G2)

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The Ganges Basin Development

ChallengeIncreasing the resilience of

agricultural and aquaculture systems

in the coastal areas of the GangesDelta


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Andes Ganges Limpopo Mekong Nile Volta

West Bengal, India Bangladesh


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Coastal Zone of Bangladesh
http://www.foodsecurityatlas.org/bgd/country/food-security-at-a-glance/fs-at-glance-file/PovertyMap_Bangladsh_LowerA3_50.JPG/image_preview


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- Among worlds poorest, most foodinsecure, vulnerable

- >36 million (2001)

- >760/km2 (2001)

(>7.6 per 100 m x 100 m)

- Too much water in rainy season- Lack of fresh water in dry season

- Tidal surges

- Cyclonic events (severe flooding,

storm surgessea water intrusion)

http://www.foodsecurityatlas.org/bgd/country/food-security-at-a-glance/fs-at-glance-file/PovertyMap_Bangladsh_LowerA3_50.JPG/image_previewhttp://www.foodsecurityatlas.org/bgd/country/food-security-at-a-glance/fs-at-glance-file/PovertyMap_Bangladsh_LowerA3_50.JPG/image_previewhttp://www.foodsecurityatlas.org/bgd/country/food-security-at-a-glance/fs-at-glance-file/PovertyMap_Bangladsh_LowerA3_50.JPG/image_preview


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Salinity status of the coastal zone of Bangladesh


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Main constraints for agricultural production:

Water stagnation (30-50 cm for > 1 month) in rainy season

Soil and water salinity in dry season

Lack of fresh water in dry season

0

3

6

9

12

15

18

21

24

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Month

Riv

erwaterSalinity(ds/m

High tide Low tide

BatiaghataPolder 30

1990-2007

(PN10, Sharifullah 2008)


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Polder 31

Polder 43/2/F

Kakdwip, W. Bengal

Polder 30


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Polder 31

Polder 43/2/F Polder 30


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Polder 31


In the early sixties and seventies, 139 polders (of which 49are sea-facing) were constructed to protect low lying

coastal areas from tidal flood & salinity intrusion.

Selection of the study area


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Polder 31



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Polder 31

Polder 30

River

Inlet to sluice gate

Sluice gate on river side

Flushing gate insidethe polder

Sluice gate inside the

polder


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Polder 31

Polder 30

River



Flushing gate insidethe polder


polder

Polder 30


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Polder 31

Polder 30

River




polder


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Polder 31

Polder 30

River




polder

GOAL OF THE GBDC

Reducing poverty, improving resilience, through

improved water governance and management and

intensified and diversified agricultural and aquaculturesystems in brackish water of the coastal Ganges.


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Polder 31

Polder 30

River




polder

5 research projects - expected outcomes

1 Develop, evaluate, and adapt new and improved cropping

and aquaculture systems

(G2 )

2 Use of suitability domain maps as a decisions support tools

(G1)

3 Better polder governance through reduced conflictbetween fishermen and farmers (G3)

4 Understanding of the key external drivers of change in

water resources- (G4)

5 Establish a policy framework for scaling up/out oftechnologies to enable changes in HH of Ganges coastal

zone (G5 + other Gs)


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Polder 31

Polder 30

River




polder

Focal study areas in Bangladesh


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Polder 31

Polder 30

River




polder

Cropping Systems

Even with polders

Main crop is still single aman rice

Aman late Rabi e.g. sesame, grass pea (low yielding, low value)

Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Traditional Rice(2-3 t/ha)

Traditional Rice(2-3 t/ha)

Sesame(0.5-1.0 t/ha)


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Polder 31

Polder 30

River



polder

New Cropping Systems Development

With new varieties

- Short duration- Non photoperiod sensitive

- Salt tolerance

Cropping systems research

On f arm water management

- On farm storage

- Rainfall

It is possible to have 2 or 3 crops per year which can avoid

salinity and overcoming the water shortage in the dry season

Sesame-Aman-F = 3-4 t/ha

Boro-F-Aman = 11-13 t/haAus-Aman-Rabi = 12-42 t/ha


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Polder 31

Polder 30

RiverNew Cropping Systems

M J J A S O N D J F M A M

1 May Aus (100-105 d)

20 July

1 AugT. Aman (130-140 d)

25 Nov

5 DecBoro (140-145 d)

5 Apr

River water

EC5-15 dSm-1Rainfall ~1500 mm leaching

down soil salinity

River water

EC 5-15 dSm-1

Aus-Aman-Boro Cropping System


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Polder 30

RiverNew Cropping Systems

Aus-Aman-Rabi Cropping System

A M J J A S O N D J F M A

10 AprRabi (130-140 d)

1 Dec

T. Aman (130-140 d)Aus (100-105 d)30 June

10 July

15 Nov

Rabi (130-140 d)

15Apr

River water

EC 5-15 dSm-1Rainfall ~1500 mm leaching

down soil salinity

River water

EC 5-15 dSm-1


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Polder 31

Polder 30

RiverConstraints to New Cropping Systems

A M J J A S O N D J F M A

Aus (100-105 d) T. Aman (130-140 d) Rabi (130-140 d)

Deep flooding at the beginning

of & during rainy seasonconstrains the establishment &performance of aman rice, &adoption of modern highyielding varieties

Prolonged water logging at

the end of rainy seasondelays establishment of rabicrop; problems of drought/salinity/water logging &damage from early

monsoon rains


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Polder 31

Polder 30

RiverHow to Adopt New Cropping Systems?

To realize the new cropping system, it is crucial to

improve the drainage of the polders

Can drainage be improved? Yes

River Bed

High Tide

1-2 m Land Surface

Low Tide

2-3 m

Embankment

Sluice gateLand


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Polder 30

RiverRe-assess the Role of Polders in

New Cropping Systems

Previous role: salinity and

tidal surge prevention

Now with new cropping

systems, the polders have

additional roles Water supply and storage

Drainage

New function: polder has to be

treated as one water

management unit

G2 Productive profitable resilient


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Polder 30

River

G2 - Productive, profitable, resilient

agriculture & aquaculture systems

G2 Productive profitable resilientObjectives


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Polder 30

River



Objectives

1. Rice varieties

a. validate new varieties suitable for various cropping systems ina range of environments (salinity, water stagnation)

b. initiate seed distribution & dissemination in study areas2. Rice-based cropping systems

Develop & disseminate more productive, profitable, resilient, &diversified rice-based cropping systems (including rice-aquaculture in saline areas)

3. Homestead production systemsIdentify management practices to enhance the productivity &profitability of homestead production systems

4. Year-round aquaculture systems

Develop & disseminate more productive, profitable, resilient &diversified brackish-water aquatic production systems for zonestoo saline for agricultural crops

5. Recommendations

Produce technology & policy recommendations for up- & out-scaling

G2 Productive profitable resilient

G2


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River



CPWF

Innovation

Project

Other Gs

G2 partners

PatuakhaliSci. & Tech. Uni.

Jahangir

Alam

BangladeshAgr. Uni.

G2 Productive profitable resilientG2 sites


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River



G2 sites

North 24 Parganas

South 24 Parganas

Polder 30 trials &study watershed

Patuakhali Sci &Tech University

Polder 3trials

Polder 43/2/Ftrials

West Bengal, India Bangladesh

Documents

CPWF PowerPoint_Ganges Overview - (G2)