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CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 1
CP Violation for the Heaven and the Earth— Sighting the 4th Generation ?
December 15, 2008, NTU-UCDavis Exch. @ NTU
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 2
Story of a star-gazing ant
Can all this be understood
from my vantage
?
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 3
I. Genesis 1:1, BAU, and CP Violation
II. The Abyss: BAU and CPV in Standard Model
III. Walking on Earth Experiment & Phenomenology
IV. Heavenly: CPV in KM4 Sufficient for BAU ?
V. Discussion Dominant CPV; Towards Tevatron/LHC; EWSB?
VI. Conclusion: Carried to Heaven ?
Outline
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05; PRD’05; PRD’07Belle, Nature, 452, 20 (2008)WSH, arXiv:0803.1234 [hep/ph]
b → s CPV
4
Abyss
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 4
I. Genesis 1:1, BAU, and CP Violation
MatterMatter !!
Matter Matter (?)
Antimatter: 0%
CPV & BAU (& U): The Sakharov View
Bang
Us
13Byr
• Baryon Number V iolation• CP Violation
• Deviation from Equilibrium
PairAnnihilation
( Cosmic Microwave Background )
1010-9-9 MatterMatter leftleft !!
Equal Matter -Antimatter
(1967)
DiscoveryDiscovery of CP Violation Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 138 (1964)
! Sakharov for .... Small Too :102 3
Sakharov Stimulated by ...
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 8
II. The Abyss: BAU and CPVCPV in Standard Model
1010)2.02.6( n
nB
WMAP
2010 KM ~0n
nB
Too Small in SMToo Small in SM
Abyss
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 9
Complex Dynamics: KM Sector of Complex Dynamics: KM Sector of SMSM
VCKM
Unitary3x3 “Rotation”
Need presence of all 3 generationsto exhibit CPV in Standard Model
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 10
"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous brokensymmetry in subatomic physics"
"for the discoverdiscovery of the originorigin of the broken symmetry which predictpredicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008
Photo: Universtity of Chicago Photo: KEK Photo: Kyoto University
Yoichiro Nambu Makoto Kobayashi Toshihide Maskawa
1/2 of the prize 1/4 of the prize 1/4 of the prize
USA Japan Japan
Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba, Japan
Kyoto Sangyo University; Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
b. 1921(in Tokyo, Japan)
b. 1944 b. 1940
CP Violationin SM
7 October 2008
B Factory
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 11
b d transitions consistent with SM
β
0 ***tbtdcbcdubud VVVVVV“Nontrivial”
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 12
Unique CPV Phase: Common Area of Triangle
0 ***tbtdcbcdubud VVVVVV
0 ***tbtscbcsubus VVVVVV
Wolfenstein Parametrization to O(5)
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 13
CPV CPV so far only observed in KM ...
• Nontrivial CPV Phase: A
Nontrivial 0 ***tbtdcbcdubud VVVVVV
Jarlskog’s Invariant for CPV
• All like-charge quark pairs nondegenerate,
Otherwise Back to 2-gen. and CPV vanish
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 14
1010)2.02.6( n
nB
WMAP
2010 KM ~
The Abyss: CPV in KMCPV in KM and B.A.U.
Normalize by T ~ 100 GeV
103~ A is common (unique) area of trianglein SM
Masses too Small !
CPV Phase
0n
nB
Jarlskog Invariant in SM3 (need 3 generation in KM)
Small, but not Too small
Too Small in SMToo Small in SM
EW Phase Transition TemperatureEW Phase Transition Temperature
The Lore
~ v.e.v.~ v.e.v.
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 15
Why Repeat ? “Flavor Problem”
v.e.v.v.e.v.
u, d, s, c, b quarks too light
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 16
IV. Walking on Earth the Experimentalist
and P
henom
enolo
gyb → s CPV
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 17
Obligé Dispair
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 18
Belle 2008 Nature: Simple Bean Count
AA = = AAKK AAKK == 0.1640.164 0.0370.037 4.4 4.4 0.07 0.03 vs 0.094 0.020
DifferenceIs
Large !
Paoti Chang’s talk
ICHEP 2004, Beijing
ACP(B K)ACP(B K)
ACP(K) = 0.04 0.05 0.02
275M BB New
K: 728 53
Large EW penguin (Z0) ?
New Physics ?
[also seen by BaBar]
_d
d
K
u u
B sb
Sakai
Saga Towards Belle Nature Paper ...
hint that ACP(K) ACP(K) ? (2.4)
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 20
PEW
Z’
Belle 2004 PRL: Seedby
“you
rs tr
uly”
Y. Chao, P. Chang et al.
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 21
Wisdom from Peskin
PEW
C
“hadronic”
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 22
“I must say that I am very skeptical that the new Belle result is new physics -- a larger than expected color suppressed amplitude is an explanation that is ready at hand. On the other hand, I felt that it was necessary to push the new physics interpretation when writing for the Nature audience, people outside of high energy physics, because this is why the result is potentially newsworthy.”
Peskin (private communication)
Ya, ya!Need anyway !anyway !I’ll keep crawlin’...
ccoolloorr suppressedsuppressed
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 23
_d
d
K
u u
B sb
Going Up a Hill ...
The Crawlin’ of one Ant
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 24
My first B paper
nondecoupling
2tm2
Z
FF GG
dimensionsdimensions
WSH, Willey, Soni
<
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 25
Decoupling Thm: Heavy Masses are decoupled in QED/QCD ∵∵ Appear in Propagator
Nondecoupling: Yukawa Couplings Q Appear in NumeratorSubtlety of Spont. Broken Gauge Theory dynamical
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 26
Going Up a Hill ...
_d
d
K
u u
B sb , t ’Embark
The Crawlin’ of one Ant
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 27
My first B paper... on 4th generation also
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 28
- Disfavored by EW PrecisionEW Precision (see e.g. J. Erler hep-ph/0604035; PDG06
4th Generation Still?
- N counting? 4th “neutrino” heavy Massive neutrinos call for new PhysicsMassive neutrinos call for new Physics
• 4th generation notnot in such great conflict with EWPrT Kribs, Plehn, Spannowsky, Tait, PRD’07
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 29
This is Still the Standard Model
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 30
t ➯ t, t ’
t t
}
{
],[
],[),(M
),(),(2)(
),()(2
0002
0002
12
2
'''
'
'
'
ttSttSλ
ttSλλλ
ttS
ttSttSBf
t
tccBB ss
GIM Respecting
Arhrib and WSH, EPJC’03
CPV Phase
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 31
_d
d
Ku u
Bsb t, t’
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05LO PQCD ⊕ 4th Gen.
A 12% vs 15% (data)
A = AK+ AK+~ 15% and
NLO PQCD ⊕ 4th Gen.
A 15% S 0.11
SM3 input
consistentwith data
Joining C & PEW
Both and in Right Direction !A S
sb P
EW
ion)(illustrat
GeV 030t'm
WSH, Li, Mishima, Nagashima, PRL’07
Can Account for Belle/BaBar Direct CPV Difference
Can Account for Belle/BaBar Direct CPV Difference
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 32
tbtsVV
btst VV
cbcsVV ubusVV
“Typical” CKM Matrix
b s
4 x 4 Unitarity ➯ Z/K Constraints
tbtdVV
btdt VV
cbcdVV
ubudVV
x ~ 0.22
b d
Satisfy b d: ✓ Cannot tell trianglefrom quadrangle
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’05
s b
Z bb_
d s
GeV 030t'm
Nontrivial
Extract Information from Constraints
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 33
CPV CPV in Bin Bdd and and BBss Mixing in SM Mixing in SM
cbcsVV
cbcdVV-
ubudVV
ubusVV
OS
b b →→ s s
b →→ dtbtsVV
sin2βsin2 Measured by Belle/BaBar
sin2Bs = – 0.04 in
SM3Measure in Bs J/
sins CDF
sins D∅
sin2Bd
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 34
Prediction:Prediction: Large CPV in B Large CPV in Bss Mixing Mixing
btst VV
tbtsVV
cbcsVV
cbcdVV-
ubudVV
ubusVV
OS
Q
b b →→ s s
Strength and Size of sB2sin
b →→ dtbtsVV
Despite mBs, B(bsll) SM-likeWSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05
sin2Bs ~ 0.4 to 0.7 No Hadronic Uncertainty ...
t, t ’
t, t ’
btst VV
btst VV
0.04 SM
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 35
• Fixed rsb ➯ Narrow sb Range destructivedestructive with top• For rsb ~ 0.02 – 0.03, [Vcb ~ 0.04
sb Range ~ 60 ° - 70
° Finite CPVCPV
Phase
Bs Mixing Measured @ Tevatron in 4/2006
?
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07
03.0
02.0
01.0rsb
CDF range
SM (high)
01.002.0
03.0sin2Bs ~ 0.5 - 0.7
Despite mBs, B(bsll) SM-likeWSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05
0.04 SM
Prediction:Prediction: Large CPV in B Large CPV in Bss Mixing Mixing
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 36
Sure thing by LHCb ca. 2010 (?)
Sign Predicted !
Despite mBs, B(bsll) SM-like
03.0
02.0
01.0
CDF range
SM (high)
01.002.0
03.0
rsb
?
A K,
S
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07
Can Large CPV in Bs Mixing Be Measured @ Tevatron ?
sin2Bs ~ 0.5 - 0.7
0.04 SM
Prediction:Prediction: Large CPV in B Large CPV in Bss Mixing Mixing
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 37
arXiv:0712.2397 [hep.ex]arXiv:0802.2255 [hep.ex]
Further ICHEP’08 Updates (CDF/DØ/fitters): Strengthen !
sin2Bs ~ 0.5 - 0.7
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07
arXiv:0803.0659 [hep.ph]
UTUTfitfit
IncredibleIncredible !!! !!!sin2Bs 0.64
0.16 0.14
3.73.7 ~2.5
± ?
(already in 05)PRL’08PRL’08
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 38
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07 (hep-ph/0610385)
4th Generation ?
Did not ask for this !
Tevatron can compete w/ LHCb
iff |sin2Bs|
CKM2008 - September 11, 2008 D. Tonelli- Fermilab
(Conservative) outlook
% of CDF ‘clones’ that would observe a 5σ-effect, as a function of βs
βsP
rob
abil
ity
of
5σ
ob
serv
atio
n
--- 8/fb (~2010)
Assumptions
ΔΓs = 0.1 ps-1
Constant data-taking efficiency
No analysis improvements.
No external constraints (ASL, lifetimes) used.
--- 6/fb (~2009)
CDF future will probably be better than that.
And DØ will contribute too.
ObservationObservation by 2010 if Central Value Stays !
by 2010 if Central Value Stays !
sin2Bs = sins = sins
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 40
III. Heavenly: CPV in KM Sufficient for BAU ?
If ... KM4
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 41
1010)2.02.6( n
nB
WMAP
2010 KM ~
B.A.U. from CPV in KMCPV in KM ?
Why? Jarlskog Invariant in SM3 (need 3 generation in KM)
Normalize by T ~ 100 GeVmasses too small !
103~ A is common (unique) area of trianglein SM
CPV Phase
0n
nB
Too Small in SMToo Small in SM
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 42
2010 KM ~
B.A.U. from CPV in KMCPV in KM ?
in SM
CPV Phase
0n
nB
If shift by One Generation in SM4 (need 3 generation in KM)
Order 1 ~ 30
~~ 10 101515 Gain Gain
Gain mostly in Large Yukawa Couplings !Gain mostly in Large Yukawa Couplings !
WSH, arXiv:0803.1234 [hep/ph]
MoriondQCD
Providence
Nature wouldNature wouldlikely use this !?likely use this !?
Enough CPV?
Enough CPV?
Too Small in SMToo Small in SM
1010)2.02.6( n
nB
WMAP
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 43
The Abyss between CPVCPV in SM3 vs BAU bridged in SM4 by Heaviness of tHeaviness of t ’’ anand bd b ’’
Why wasn’t this clearly pointed out in past 20 years ?
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 44
- Disfavored by EW PrecisionEW Precision (see e.g. J. Erler hep-ph/0604035; PDG06
4th Generation Still?
- N counting? 4th “neutrino” heavy Massive neutrinos call for new PhysicsMassive neutrinos call for new Physics
• 4th generation notnot in such great conflict with EWPrT Kribs, Plehn, Spannowsky, Tait, PRD’07
(To Me) CPV Source for BAU Overrides These Concerns !
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 45
V. Discussion
• 2-3-4 Dominance of CPV/BAU• Tevatron/LHC Verification• Large Yukawa: Source for EWSB ?
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 46
OnlyOnly fac. 30 in CPV per se
~~ 10 101515 Gain Gain
Gain mostly in Large Yukawa Couplings !Gain mostly in Large Yukawa Couplings !
btst VV
tbtsVV
cbcsVV
cbcdVV-
ubudVV
ubusVV
OS
Q
b b →→ s s
b →→ d
10101313GeV 300 tb m ,mGeV 600~ 10101515
quadrangle fromcomprehensive studyWSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD05
This part will shrink a bit.
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 47
C PV for BAU: 2-3-4 Dominance
Jarlskog’85, 3 generations Jarlskog’87, n generations
“3 cycles”also Gronau, Kfir, Loewy ’87
J (1,2,3) very small
4 generations: 3 indep. phases
long and short
d-s degenerate2-3-4 generation only !
Effectively 3 generationsEffectively 3 generations(on v.e.v. scale)
suppressed by ms, mc
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 48
• sin2Bs “Evidence” by 2009 ?
“Observe” by 2010 ?
• t’ Search Ongoing:
mt’ > 311 GeV @ 95% CL
Tevatron
• sin2Bs “Confirmation” — “Easy” for LHCb
• b’, t’ Discovery — Straightforward/full terrain
LHC
Agenda of Taiwan-CMS
Tevatron/LHC Verification
Unequivocal BSMUnequivocal BSM
... if true
When ?
Robin Erbacher’s talk
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 49
Find bb’’, tt’’, or Rule Out @ LHC
44thth generation? — The jury is out …
In era of LHC, can Directly Search for b’, t ’ Once and For All !
It’s a Duty.
Strategy Considerations ( )• Well shielded training ground — All ToolsAll Tools ☞ Move on to Greener Pastures ~ 2 years
• Publish early — Large Cross Section - If “Limits”, then easy to publish - If “Signal”, Lucked Out!
Sighting Vision ~ Early ’06
Well shielded
Publish early
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 50
b’ Signatures
For mb’ < mt+MW = 255 GeVb’ cW dominance b’ tW* dominance
for sizablefor suppressed
Kinematic suppressed for mb’ ≲ 230 GeV
For mb’ > mt+MW = 255 GeVb’ tW dominance; FCNC searchable
tt(bar)WW → bb(bar)WWWW
Initial discovery should consider b’ cW ~ b’ bZ, bH ~ b’ tW*
cc(bar)WW; cWbZ; cWbH;tc(bar)WW*; tt(bar)W*W*; tW*bZ; tW*bH;
Bonus !!
Rich
Signature
4 W’s + 2b’s
Heavy Q relatedHeavy Q relatedTo EWSB ?To EWSB ?
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 51
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 52
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 53
"for the discoverdiscovery of the mechanism of spontaneous brokenspontaneous brokensymmetrysymmetry in subatomic physics"
"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"
Thoughts on the other 1/2 Nobel Prize
Photo: Universtity of Chicago Photo: KEK Photo: Kyoto University
Yoichiro Nambu Makoto Kobayashi Toshihide Maskawa
1/2 of the prize 1/4 of the prize 1/4 of the prize
USA Japan Japan
Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba, Japan
Kyoto Sangyo University; Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
b. 1921(in Tokyo, Japan)
b. 1944 b. 1940
SSB ! Yukawa Largeby
Condensecan QQ
Could EWSB be due to b’ and t’ above unitarity bound ~ 500-600 GeV ?
Bob Holdom: N–J-L
Gustavo Burdman: “Holographic”
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 54
VI. Conclusion: Heaven Ho
~~ 10 101515 Gain Gain
10101313GeV 300 tb m ,mGeV 600~ 10101515
Even if O (1)Enough CPV for B.A.U.
Maybe there is a 4th Generation !
Will Really Know in ~ 3–5 years !
Heaven on Earth ?
@ LHC
sin2Bs
@ Tevatron
by 2010
CPV BAU
Earth (EW + KM4)
Universe (Genesis)
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 56
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 57
Backup
DarkEnergy:~70% Dark
Matter:~25%
Matter (and More !!) Universe: No Antimatter
Antimatter: 0% ~25% !
~70% !
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 59
Heavenly TH
“Affleck-Dine”, SUSY etc.: Extra Scalars (strongly) coupled to H
0
Leptogenesis:
Heavy Majorana Neutrinos
⊕ LFV/CPV Decay
⊕ B/L Violation (“EW Baryogenesis”)
More Scalars!
Popular ! Driving study for neutrinos.
But, “Heavenly” — Could be(come) Metaphysics
ScalarsScalars
Let’s first find One Scalar.
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 60
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 61
enhanced to or even higher !!
In general larger than !!
Implication for
Rate could be enhanced up to almost two orders !!
Grossman-Nir
Current E391A U.L.
Very hard to measure
SM 3
∵ Large CPV Phase
ElectroMagnetism: Charge e is Real.
“We” Understand: Gauge Charge is Real.
How How CP VCP Violation Appearsiolation Appears
Imagine a Complex CouplingComplex Coupling :
True, or, Possible, for Yukawa ( 湯川 ) Coupling of quarks/leptons to Higgs boson(s)...
Quantum InterferenceQuantum Interference in AmplitudeAmplitude More InterestingMore Interesting
i in Dynamics: Source of CPV
(everyone can feel
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 63
CP Asymmetry needs both CP Conserv/Violating Phase
Particle Process Anti Particle Process
CP Violation Primer
iQM idyn
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 64
0πππ 0 KBKBK AAA
Experiment is Firm
A K ~ 0 expected
0.097 0.012 0.050 0.025
0.1470.147 0.0280.028 > 5> 5
Why a Puzzle ?
?
_d
d
Ku u
Bsb
Large C ?
Large EWPenguin ?
A lot of (hadronic) finesse
Need NP CPV Phase
PEW has practically no weak phase
in SM
t, ??
Baek, London, PLB653, 249 (2007)
World
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 65
0πππ 0 KBKBK AAA
Experiment is Firm
A K ~ 0 expected
0.097 0.012 0.050 0.025
0.1470.147 0.0280.028 > 5> 5
Why a Puzzle ?
?
_d
d
Ku u
Bsb
Large C ?
Large EWPenguin ?
A lot of (hadronic) finesse
t, ??
Baek, London, PLB653, 249 (2007)
World
Need NP CPV Phase
PEW has practically no weak phase
in SM t, t’ 4th Gen. in EWP Natural
nondecoupling
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 66
On Boxes and Z Penguins
GIM , charm, K
small ’/, K (still waiting)
heavy top , sin2
Z dominance for heavy top1986 2002
Most Flavor/CPV learned from these diagrams/processes
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 67
GIM , charm, K
small ’/, K (still waiting)
heavy top , sin2
Z dominance for heavy top1986 2002
All w/ 3-generations, Just wait if there’s a 4th
D ! D !
b’, t ’ @ LHC
BBss
AAFBFB
Nondecoupling∵ ∵ Large Yukawa !
On Boxes and Z Penguins
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 68
0VV VV VV VV btsttbtscbcsubus
btst VV
tbtsVV
cbcsVV
cbcdVV-
ubudVV
ubusVV
OS
Q
b →→ d “Triangle” and b →→ s Quadrangle
b b →→ s s
b →→ s Quadrangle Area ~ ()30x b →→ d Triangle
Strength and Size of sB2sin
negligible
b →→ d
(almost Triangle)
tbtsVV
0VV VV VV VV btdttbtdcbcdubud
~ SM3
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 69
Consistency and b s Predictions
BR OK ACP ~ 0 far away
beyond SuperB
PDG ’06
SM3
SM3
Heavy t’ effectdecoupledfor b s
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 70
Large Yukawa !
YuReKawa !YuReKawa !
ca. late summer 2007 …
The Eureka Moment
Large t, t’ Yukawa
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 71
Soaring to the Starry HeavensCan all this be
understoodfrom my vantage
?
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 72
4 generations: 3 indep. phases
btst VV
tbtsVV
cbcsVV
cbcdVV-
ubudVV
ubusVV
OS
Q
b b →→ s s
b →→ d
4 generations: 3 indep. phases
b →→ s Quadrangle Area ~ ()30x b →→ d Triangle
(almost Triangle)
If VusVub shrinks to a point
Difference in area
for b b →→ s s Small
2nd argument that is predominant CPVsbJ (2,3,4)
measured
emergent
2008/07/31 ICHEP2008
J.-T. Wei
Instead flipped C7 ...
BABAR, arXiv:0804.4412
PreliminaryW.-S. Hou, A. Hovhannisyan, and N. Mahajan, PRD 77, 014016 (2008)
657M
386M
(=s/mB2=q2/mB
2)
complex wilson coefficients
SM
4th generation (SM4)
2fb-1 MC study of LHCb
(~7000 K*ll events)
BelleDeviation from SM3 Strengthened !
CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) NTU/UCD, Dec. 15, 2008 74
1st Order EW Phase Trans. for BAU ?
Ran out of time, and knowledge ...
• Fok & Kribs: Not possible in 4th generation
• Conjecture: Could Strong Yukawa’s do it ?
Beyond Unitarity Limit
Holdom
(or, Holographic)
(perturbative)