CPR/first Aid

By Medic First Aid

CPR/first Aid Cards Are Good for Two Years

Vocabulary• CPR• AED• EMS• Good Samaritan Law• OSHA• Paralysis• ABC’s• Initial assessment• Physical assessment• DOTS• SAMPLE

• Cardiac arrest• Shock• Airway obstruction

Initial Assessment• Airway:

– Tilt head and lift chin to clear the tongue. – If you suspect a neck injury, tilt the head only if needed to get

airway clear– Inspect mouth for fluids or solid material

• Breathing:– Look for chest to rise and fall– Listen for sounds of breathing– Feel for flow of exhaled air on your cheek

– If no breathing give two rescue breaths

• Circulation:– Check for signs of circulation: patient movement, coughing,

S E T U P• S= stop

– Take a moment to assess the situation

• E= environment– Check the scene to see if it is safe for you

• T= traffic– Look for hazards as in traffic around you

• U= unknown hazards– Examine all areas for unknown hazards be cautious

• P= protect yourself– Wear gloves or some kind of barrier

Using Barriers• Putting on gloves:

– Inspect gloves for damage

• Removing of gloves– Remove carefully so not to splash/spray

material.– Grab outside wrist of one glove with the other

hand– Pull off glove and turn inside out– Put inverted glove on the other hand and slide

finger under the glove and pull off. Do not snap the glove.

• Face shields. Ventilation masks and shields

CPR• 1. Check the scene• 2. Tap and shout• 3. Call EMS and get the AED• 4. Open airway- forehead chin tilt• 5. Look, listen, feel for breathing• 6. Two full breaths• 7. 30 compressions• 8. 2 full breaths• 9. Continue until:

– Help arrives, patient starts breathing, You become too tired to continue, scene becomes unsafe, or the AED arrives.

You are never too young to save a life.

Automated External Defibrillator (AED)

• 1. Setup• 2. Assess Responsiveness (Tap and shout)• 3. Activate EMS and get AED• 4. ABC• 5. No breathing or signs of circulation perform

CPR• 6. AED arrives• 7. Bare, prepare, and place pads• 8. Begin analysis of heart rhythm• 9. Clear patient• 10. Deliver shock

Other Considerations for AED– Environment

– Implanted medical devises

– Medication patches

– Children

– Emergency Oxygen

Choking Unconscious• Blocked airway• After two full breaths and airway is obstructed- re-

tilt head and try again if airway is still blocked do • 5 abdominal thrusts• finger sweep• one breath until airway is open

Choking

Choking- Responsive

• 1. Give medical statement

• 2. Ask them are you choking and can I help?

• 3. Give 5 abdominal thrusts– Make a fist and put thumb side down just above

the naval

• 4. Continue until airway is open

Bleeding

• Put on barriers.• Apply direct pressure.• Elevate above heart.• Do not remove bandages- even if they

become soaked.• Pressure points if bleeding doesn’t slow.• Dispose of waste in biohazard bag or

container.

Shock• Signs/symptomsSigns/symptoms• Become uneasy, restless,

or worried• Pale blue gray tissue

color• Moist, cool, and clammy

skin• Shallow, rapid breathing• Rapid pulse• Thirst• Confusion• Nausea, vomiting

• TreatmentTreatment• Maintain body

temperature• Elevate legs only if

you don’t suspect neck/spine injury

• Keep them calm• Monitor vitals

Head Injuries• Signs/symptomsSigns/symptoms• 1. Headache • 2. Nausea• 3. Dizzy• 4. Blurred vision• 5. Unconscious• 6. Not all there• 7. Emotional state

changed• 8. Unequal pupils

• Treatment.Treatment.• 1. Monitor signs and

symptoms.• 2. Call parents.• 3. Notify EMS if

signs/symptoms get worse

Neck and Spine Injuries• Unconscious victim

always suspect neck injury

• Signs and symptoms of serious neck or spine injury

• Numbness or tingling• Loss of function• Point tender over

spine

• Treatment• stabilize head and

neck• call EMS• monitor vitals• Treat for shock

Abdominal Injury

• Signs/symptoms• Swelling• Discoloration• Board like feeling• Shock• Mechanism of injury

• Treatment• Treat for shock• Call EMS• Monitor vitals

Heat Illness

• Heat exhaustion• Sweating

• Pale color moist clammy skin

• Rapid shallow breathing

• Weakness

• Dizzy

• Headache

• Treatment• Get to cool location• Remove restrictive

clothing• Give fluids if they can

drink• Monitor vitals very

closely

Heat Illness Cont.

• Heat stroke• Tissue color is red• Hot dry skin• Rapid pulse• Loss of consciousness• Disoriented and

confused

• Treatment• Cool immediately• Activate EMS• Monitor vitals

Allergic Reaction• Signs/symptomsSigns/symptoms• 1. Skin flushed-hives• 2. Shock• 3. Breathing difficulty• 4. Lower levels of

responsiveness• 5. Swelling eyes, face,

tongue, throat• 6. Respiratory arrest • 7. Itching, burning• 8.Nausea• 9. Dizzy

• TreatmentTreatment• 1. Activate EMS• 2. Check for bee sting

kit or Benadryl• 3. Treat for shock

Asthma

• Signs/symptomsSigns/symptoms• 1. Labored breathing• 2. Wheezing sound

when exhaling• 3. High pitched cough • 4. Weakness

• TreatmentTreatment• 1. Assist with

medication• 2. Activate EMS if not

getting better or no history of asthma

• 3. Calm them down • Get into a warm moist

room• 4. Monitor vitals

Diabetic

• Diabetic comaDiabetic coma• 1. Thirst• 2. Frequent urination• 3. Warm dry skin• 4. Sweet odor on

breath• 5. Confused, irritable

• Insulin shockInsulin shock• 1. Aggressive

behavior• 2. Disoriented• 3. Pale tissue color• 4. Moist clammy skin• 5. Dizzy, headache

Give sugar not insulin. If they don’t respond to treatment activate EMS

Epileptic Seizures• Signs/symptomsSigns/symptoms• 1. May suddenly

stiffen and fall• 2. Jerking movements• 3. Jaw muscles tighten• 4. Patient may stop

breathing• 5. May lose control of

bladder • 6. Become very tired

afterward

• TreatmentTreatment• 1. Allow to rest• 2. Keep people away• 3. Activate EMS if• A. Person is injured• B. Has no history of

seizures• C. Does not resume

breathing after seizures• D. Has continuous

seizures• E. Seizures last more

than ten min in a known seizure patient

Splinting

• 3 rules of splinting:• 1. Splint as is

• 2. Fingers and toes showing for circulation

• 3. Splint one joint above and one joint below to stabilize the injured area

Heart Problems• Signs/ symptomsSigns/ symptoms

– Heart attack

• 1. Pale, blue tissue

• 2. Sweating

• 3. Denial

• 4. Pain not relieved by rest

• 5. Uncomfortable pressure

• 6. Pain radiates to shoulder, neck, jaw, or arms

• TreatmentTreatment• 1. Activate EMS• 2. Make them

comfortable• 3. Monitor vitals

Emergency Cards

• Everyone needs one on file with the coach or athletic trainer

• They must travel with the athletes

• They are given to EMS for contact numbers and medical warnings

• Hospital preference

Documentation

• Injury documentation must be done.– Date and time of injury– First aid given– Who was notified of the injury– Location of the injury

• Treatment documentation:– Date– What was done and progress of injury status