CPR/FIRST AIDBy: Jaclyn Aylward

• The Office Clip http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssIY8NYwvh4

• The Offic Clip http://vimeo.com/8084385• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ETed2qPf

nqI• http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=Gqhkc9LzsGk• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Qo_Pnr-

L-g• http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=X4XRxPmPYMI

Old vs. New CPR

• Old was ABC, New is CAB– C: Compressions– A: Airway– B: Breathing

• Old was 60/min, New is 100/min

Signs and Symptoms of a Heart Attack

• Chest pain• Lightheadedness or “feeling dizzy” during pain• Fainting or loss of responsiveness.• Sweating or breaking out “in a cold sweat”

without fever• Nausea, usually without vomiting• Shortness of breath. Worrisome especially if

occurs with chest pain while patient is lying still or resting

Signs and Symptoms of a Stroke

• Facial Droop: Arm and weakness or tingling sensations.

• Speech difficulties

CPR

• Most important is to give compressions within 10 seconds of recognition of cardiac arrest

• Push hard, push fast: Since it is 100/min that means you should be getting MORE than 1 compression per second. To help you keep track, you can sing to the tune of “Staying Alive”. Make sure you are pushing hard enough (better to push too hard than not hard enough). The depth should be about 2 inches (5cm) for adults and children.

• Allow COMPLETE chest recoil after each compression• Give 2 breaths every 30 pumps and make sure that you can

see the chest rise

Steps• 1. Notice that someone is unresponsive and not breathing. Tap them and

ask “Are you okay” to make sure. • 2. Send someone to get help/call 119. Point at someone specific and say,

“Hey you! Call 119 and get help!”. If possible send them to get an AED (Automatic External Defibrillator).

• 3. Check their pulse. Use first two fingers (never thumb as it has a pulse) and press gently down on the carotid artery (located at the front/side of the neck next to the trachea). If no pulse begin CPR immediately. If there is a pulse, give 1 breath every 5-6 seconds and recheck the pulse every 2 minutes. Pulse rate should be between 60-100 beats per minute. Count the pulse for 10 seconds and multiply by 6.

• 4. No pulse—begin cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths.• 5. If there is another person, switch every 2 minutes for who does

compressions.

Compressions

• 100/min• Depth of at least 2 inches (5cm)• Allow for complete recoil• Put the heel of one hand on the sternum (just above the

Xiphoid process; between nipples) and place the other hand on top locking the fingers.

• Keep your elbows straight• Push down hard (You should be using your shoulders/back

and not just pushing with your arms)• Sing to the beat of “Staying Alive”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_izvAbhExY

Child (pre-puberty) Compressions• Defined as 1 year to puberty. In CPR puberty is considered

underarm hair for boys and breast development for girls.• Only difference is that if there is one rescuer you begin cycles of 30

compressions and 2 breaths, but if there are 2 rescuers you begin cycles of 15 compressions and 2 breaths.

• If there is a pulse, give 1 breath every 3 seconds. If the pulse is faint (less than 60/min) add compressions. Recheck pulse every 2 minutes.

• Consider the size of the child and see if it is better to use one-hand CPR vs. two

• If alone and the event was unwitnessed, perform CPR for 2 minutes (about 5 cycles) and then activate EMS. If witnessed, activate EMS then return and perform CPR.

Breathing

• Place your mouth around the victim’s mouth and pinch the nose

• If available, use barrier device or adult resuscitation mask.

• Give two breaths with the head tilted back (1 second each)

• Stop blowing upon chest rise each time you give a rescue breath. If no chest rise occurs, reposition the head, reopen the airway and give 2 breaths again.

Airway

• Use head tilt-chin lift. • In unresponsive victims the tongue falls back to

obstruct the airway and this technique lifts the tongue away from the back of the throat and opens the airway.

• For a victim that may have a possible injury to the head or neck, try using the Jaw Thrust Maneuver. This lifts the angles of the jaw and moves the jaw and tongue forward and opens the airway without bending the neck.

Two Rescuer Adult CPR

• One person is positioned at the victim’s side and performs compressions

• The other rescuer remains at the victim’s head to help maintain and open airway, monitor carotid pulse for adequacy of chest compressions and provide rescue breathing

• After 2 minutes (about 5 cycles of CPR) the rescuers should change positions with minimal delay (less than 5 seconds)

• For children ratio of compressions to breaths is 15:2

•Continue CPR until medical help (ambulance) arrives or until the victim responds!!!

Warning Signs of Choking

• Universal sign of choking is the victim clutching the neck with one or both hands

• Victim is unable to speak, so ask the victim “Can you speak?”• Weak, ineffective coughs• High-pitched sounds or no sounds while inhaling• Increased difficulty breathing• Blue lips or skin (Cyanosis)• In partial obstruction, victims may be able to speak and will

cough forcefully. These victims may require no immediate action but be prepared to act if the obstruction becomes more severe or complete. Do not interfere if the victim is coughing forcefully.

Steps if Responsive

• Ask “Are you choking?” if they nod yes, ask “Can you speak?”. If no, tell the victim that you are going to help them.

• Give abdominal thrusts (Heimlich Maneuver). Chest thrusts for victims that are pregnant or obese.

• Avoid pressing on the Xiphoid process. • Start at the belly-button with a touch and a flat fist, then

rotate the first a ¼ turn upward. Place your free hand over the fist and pull inward and upward. Spell the letter “J” upon your thrust.

• Repeat thrusts until the foreign body is expelled or victim becomes unresponsive.

Steps if Unresponsive

• Send someone for help and call 119• Perform a tongue-jaw lift then a finger sweep

to remove the object ONLY if you see it. NO “Blind Finger Sweeps”.

• Start immediately with 30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths

First Aid for bleeding

• Apply direct pressure• Don’t use a tourniquet• No need to elevate• Clean wounds with room temperature or

warm water; make sure all debris is removed• Place a bandage on wound