. Geography Study Guide:

I. Southwest Asia (Middle East)

Concepts to be assessed: Can I locate key physical and political features on a map? (see key terms below) Can I explain how water pollution and the unequal distribution of water impacts irrigation and drinking water? Can I explain how the distribution of oil has affected the development of the Middle East? Can I describe how the deserts and rivers of SW Asia have affected the population in terms of where people live, the type of

work they do, and how they travel? Can I explain the difference between an ethnic group and a religious group? Can I explain the diversity of religions with the Arabs, Persians, and Kurds? Can I compare and contrast the prominent religions in SW Asia? (Judaism, Islam, and Christianity) Can I explain the reason for the division between the Sunni and Shia Muslims?

Key terms to study: CanalStraitDesertOasis (Oases)IrrigationMonotheismIslamChristianityJudaismSynagogueMosqueMessiahQu’ran (Koran)

Questions: Use the map to the right to answer #1 & #2

1. Which physical feature is represented by “8”? a. Strait of Hormuzb. Mediterranean Seac. Persian Gulfd. Red Sea

2. Which country is northwest of the Red Sea?a. Saudi Arabiab. Egyptc. Yemend. Israel

3. How has the building of dams created problems for countries sharing rivers in Southwest Asia (Middle East)?a. Dams are too expensive to build.b. Few countries have the technology needed to build dams. c. Dams limit the water available to countries further downstream.d. Counties in Southwest Asia are not allowed to build dams along shared rivers.

4. What do Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all have in common?a. Founded by Abrahamb. Polytheisticc. Began in Israeld. Monotheistic

AllahShiaShi’iteEthnic GroupEthnicityKurdsPersiansArabs

5. What is the best title for this chart? a. Characteristics of Religionb. Characteristics of Culturec. Characteristics of Ethnic Groupsd. Characteristics of Daily Activities

6. “Arabs, Persians, and Kurds all live in the same region of the world and are practically the same thing. The only difference between them is they live in different countries.”

What is wrong with this statement? _____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

II. Africa

Concepts to be assessed: Can I explain why people are attracted to certain regions in which to live? Can I describe how the characteristics in the Sahara, Sahel, savanna, and tropical rain forest affect where people live, the type

of work they do, and how they travel? Can I describe how water pollution and the unequal distribution of water impacts irrigation, trade, industry, and drinking

water? Can I explain the relationship between poor soil and deforestation in Sub-Saharan Africa? Can I explain the impact of desertification on the environment of Africa from the Sahel to the rainforest? Can I explain the diversity of religions within the Arab, Ashanti, Bantu, and Swahili ethnic groups? Can I evaluate how the literacy rate affects the standard of living?

Key terms to study: SaharaSahelTropical rain forestCongo RiverNiger RiverLake TanganyikaLake VictoriaAtlas MountainsKalahari DesertDemocratic Republic of the CongoEgyptKenyaNigeria

Questions: 7. Which country is represented by the star?

a. South Africab. Democratic Republic of the Congoc. Sudand. Kenya

8. Why is the population of the Sahara Desert low?a. Too much floodingb. Too coldc. Little access to oild. Little access to water

South AfricaSudanDeforestationDesertificationEthnic GroupArabAshantiBantuSwahili

III. Southeast Asia

Concepts to be assessed: Can I locate political and physical features in Southern and Eastern Asia? (see key terms below) Can I describe the causes and effects of pollution on the Yangtze and Ganges Rivers? Can I identify the causes and effects of air pollution and flooding in China and India? Can I describe the impact that climate and location has on population distribution? Can I explain how the mountain, desert, and water features of Southern and Eastern Asia have affected the population in

terms of where people live, the types of work they do, and how they travel? Can I compare and contrast the prominent religions in Southern and Eastern Asia? Can I evaluate how the literacy rate affects the standard of living?

Key terms to study: Ganges RiverHuang He (Yellow) RiverIndus RiverMekong RiverYangtze (Chang Jiang) RiverBay of BengalIndian OceanSea of JapanSouth China SeaYellow SeaGobi DesertTaklimakan DesertHimalayan Mountains

Questions: 9. Hinduism and Buddhism share a belief in

a. The central authority of the Popeb. Reincarnation and the Four Noble Truthsc. Monotheism and ethical conductd. Forbidding consumption of wine

10. Which physical feature is the arrow pointing to?a. Indus Riverb. Himalayan Mountainsc. Ganges Riverd. Huang He River

11. What is a cause of air pollution in China & India?a. The burning of coal, wood, and dungb. Car and factory exhaustc. Overpopulationd. All of the above

12. “Reservoirs (water storage spaces) are becoming sewers, filled with trash and smelly water. Local officials refuse to shut down polluting factories, fearful that unemployment will rise. Edicts (commands) from Beijing on controlling industrial waste go unheeded.”

The issues mentioned in the passage are primarily related to which problem?a) Pollution in the Yangtze Riverb) Air pollution in Beijing c) Overpopulation in Chinad) Deforestation in Hong Kong

Korean PeninsulaChinaIndiaIndonesiaJapanNorth KoreaSouth KoreaVietnamBuddhismHinduismIslamShintoismConfucianism

History Study Guide:I. Southwest Asia (Middle East)

Concepts to be assessed: Can I analyze continuity and change in Southwest Asia (Middle East) leading to the 21st century? Can I explain how European partitioning in the Middle East after the breakup of the Ottoman Empire led to regional conflict? Can I explain the historical reasons for the establishment of the modern State of Israel in 1948; include the Jewish religious

connection to the land, the Holocaust, anti-Semitism, and Zionism in Europe? Can I describe how land and religion are reasons for continuing conflicts in the Middle East? Can I explain U.S. presence and interest in SW Asia; including the Persian Gulf conflict and invasion of Afghanistan & Iraq?

Key terms to study: Partition ZionismHolocaustAnti-SemitismOttoman EmpirePersian Gulf WarInvasion of AfghanistanOperation Iraqi FreedomPalestine

Questions: 1. In regards to the U.S. Military, Afghanistan and Iraq are similar in that both:

a. have been completely conquered by the United Statesb. have experienced a high presence of the U.S. militaryc. assist the U.S. military when they invade places like Iran and Kuwaitd. offer full support to the U.S. military, which no other country does

2. Which describes the Persian Gulf Conflict of 1990-1991?a. The United States defended Kuwait against invasion from Iraq.b. Iraq and Afghanistan combined forces against Russia.c. The United States sent troops to Afghanistan to fight Al-Qaida.d. Iraq and Iran were battling for control of OPEC.

3. Why did the United States bomb and invade Afghanistan in 2001?a. Afghanistan invaded the country of Kuwait and threatened the United States supply of oil.b. The United Nations asked the United States to overthrow the Taliban government of Afghanistan.c. The United States was afraid that Afghanistan was working to develop nuclear weapons and they wanted to put a

stop to the programd. They believed the government was offering safety to al-Qaeda, the organization that attacked the United States on

September 11, 2001.4. Why did the United States go to war with Iraq in 2003?

a. Iraq was threatening Afghanistan with nuclear weapons.b. The United Nations believed Iraq was about to invade Kuwait a second time.c. Iraqi troops launched an attack on Saudi Arabia, a close ally of the United States.d. The United States government saw the Iraqi leader, Saddam Hussein, as a threat to peace and United States' interests

in the region.

II. Africa

Concepts to be assessed: Can I analyze continuity and change in Africa leading to the 21st century? Can I explain how the European partitioning across Africa contributed to conflict, civil war, and artificial political

boundaries? Can I explain how nationalism led to independence in South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria? Can I explain the creation and end of apartheid in South Africa & the roles of Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk? Can I explain the impact of the Pan-African movement?

Key terms to study:

Jomo KenyattaSegregationF.W. de Klerk

PartitionCivil WarNationalismApartheidPan-AfricanismAfrican National Congress (ANC)Nelson Mandela

Questions: 1. Why did African nations face so many problems following their successful independence movements?

a. World War II prevented many countries from giving aidb. Many countries continued to ship slaves across the Atlantic Oceanc. Political and ethnic rivalries within the countries emerged after independenced. The United Nations consistently waged war against rulers who they considered war like

2. Nelson Mandela and Mohandas Gandhi’s ideas of rebellion and protest are BEST described by which term?a. Ineffectiveb. Communistc. Christian basedd. Non-violent

3. Which of the following succeeded in pressuring Great Britain to grant independence to Kenya?a. Kenyans supported the violent revolution by the Mau Maub. The cutting of trade ties by other countriesc. Desmond Tutu’s commission on human rightsd. Civil war between ethnic groups

4. Which is NOT a reason that South Sudan wanted its independence from Sudan?a. South Sudan did not want to follow Islamic laws, leading to civil warsb. South Sudan wanted more economic growthc. South Sudan did not like being ignored by Sudanese governmentd. South Sudan wanted to increase trade using its coast on the Red Sea

III. Southeast Asia

Concepts to be assessed:

Can I analyze continuity and change in Southern and Eastern Asia leading to the 21st century? Can I describe how nationalism led to independence in India and Vietnam? Can I explain the reasons for foreign involvement in Korea and Vietnam in terms of containment of communism? Can I describe the impact of communism in China in terms of Mao Zedong, the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural

Revolution, and Tiananmen Square? Can I describe the impact of Mohandas Gandhi’s belief in non-violent protest?

Key terms to study:

Mao ZeodongMohandas GandhiCultural RevolutionThe Great Leap ForwardCommunismNationalismTiananmen SquareContainment of CommunismDomino TheoryNationalismHo chi Minh

Questions:

Jomo KenyattaSegregationF.W. de Klerk

1. What is the theme that ties China’s Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and the Tiananmen Square Massacre together

a. Mao Zedong led each of themb. Improvements to China’s economyc. They all led to fewer freedoms for Chinad. They all led to more opportunities for China

2. Which describes the Domino Theory as related to communism?a. Political decisions must be made slowly, like a game of dominosb. International politics is a game, and there are always winners and losersc. Few countries would really be interested in communism if they knew what it was liked. If one country in a region became communist then others would quickly follow

3. What happened in India as a result of Mohandas Gandhi’s campaign of civil disobedience?a. India was taken over by Pakistanb. The British resisted Gandhi’s campaign and rule India to this dayc. The Indians gained their independence from British Ruled. The Indians began a violent campaign to end British Rule

4. Following World War II, what is one reason the United States led the rebuilding effort in Japana. According to the rules of war, they had tob. The US wanted to prevent Chinese Communism from spreadingc. Japan paid the United States large amounts of money to help rebuildd. After WWII, the United States was the only country that could help Japan?

5. What is the most likely reason why the United States became so deeply involved in the problems of North and South Vietnam?

a. Many people in the United States have ancestors from Vietnamb. The United States believed that communism had to be stopped in Vietnam to keep it from spreading to other Asian

countriesc. China invited the United States to come to Vietnam to try to solve the problemsd. Vietnam was the most important Asian trading partner of the United States during the 1950s.

Government Study Guide:

I. Southwest Asia (Middle East)

Concepts to be assessed: Can I explain the structures of the national governments of SW Asia (Middle East)? Can I compare the parliamentary democracy of the State of Israel, the monarchy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the

theocracy of the Islamic Republic of Iran? Can I distinguish the form of leadership and the role of the citizen in terms of voting rights and personal freedoms?

II. Africa

Concepts to be assessed: Can I compare the republican systems of government in the Republic of Kenya and the Republic of South Africa? Can I distinguish the form of leadership and role of the citizen in terms of voting and personal freedoms? Can I explain how political, economic, and social conflicts resulted in independence of South Sudan? Can I compare how various factors, including gender, affect access to education in Kenya & Sudan? Can I describe the impact of government stability on the distribution of resources to combat AIDS and famine across Africa?

III. Southeast Asia

Concepts to be assessed: Can I compare and contrast the federal republic of The Republic of India, the communist state of The People’s Republic of

China, and the constitutional monarchy of Japan? Can I distinguish the form of leadership and the role of the citizen in terms of voting rights & personal freedoms?

IV. Middle East, Africa, Southeast Asia

Concepts to be assessed: Can I describe the ways government systems distribute power? (unitary, confederation, and federal) Can I explain how governments determine citizen participation? (autocratic, oligarchic, and democratic) Can I describe the two predominant forms of democratic governments? (parliamentary and presidential)

Key terms to study:

Federal republicCommunist stateConstitutional MonarchyGovernmentUnitary ConfederationFamine

Questions:

1. Which statement correctly compares autocratic and democratic governments?a. Citizens can participate more in democratic governmentsb. The government has less power in autocratic governmentsc. Citizens can participate more in autocratic governmentsd. Autocratic and democratic governments are the same

2. In South Africa, anyone over the age of 18 may vote in elections that determine the National Assembly (legislature). The National Assembly (legislature) chooses one person to be the executive leader. Based on this information, South Africa would be considered.

a. Federalist Confederationb. Democratic Dictatorshipc. Parliamentary Democracyd. Presidential Dictatorship

3. Israel holds elections where the citizens select members of the legislature. Allowing citizens to participate in government in this way is MOST like which form of government?

a. Autocracyb. Oligarchyc. Monarchyd. Democracy

4. Place the following countries on the government continuum according to each country’s personal freedoms: The People’s Republic of China, India (federal republic), & Japan (constitutional monarchy)

Economics Study Guide:Southwest Asia, Africa, and Southeast Asia

Concepts to be assessed: Can I compare how traditional, command, and market economies answer the economic questions of (1) what to produce, (2)

how to produce, and (3) for whom to produce? Can I explain how most countries have a mixed economy located on a continuum between pure market and pure command? Can I describe the role of natural resources in a country’s economy? Can I explain how specialization encourages trade between countries? Can I compare and contrast different types of trade barriers, such as tariffs, quotas, and embargos? Can I describe factors that influence economic growth? Can I explain the relationship between investment in human capital (education and training) and gross domestic product

(GDP)? Can I explain the relationship between investment in capital (factories, machinery, and technology) and gross domestic

product (GDP)? Can I describe the role of entrepreneurship?

Key TermsTariffQuotaEmbargoSpecializationCommand EconomyMixed EconomyMarket EconomyOPECEntrepreneur

Questions:1.

   In the country of Mauritania, most economic decisions are made based on supply and demand. Businesses are motivated by profits, and competition determines prices. There is a small amount of government regulation, but consumers usually have a great deal of choice. Where would this country be positioned on the economic continuum found above?

A. Point AB. Point BC. Point CD. Point D

2. Which are MOST important in a command economy?A. Traditions and habitB. Government plannersC. Consumers and the free marketD. A combination of consumers and government planners

3. Under which economic system does the government make almost all of the economic decisions?A. CommandB. MarketC. TraditionalD. Capitalist

4. In this country, a single or centralized government authority decides what is produced. Which term identifies this type of economic system?

A. TraditionalB. CommandC. Market

D. Public

5. Why do countries issue tariffs and quotas on international trade?A. To punish other countries for breaking treatiesB. To improve the stock marketC. To keep the price of international goods lowD. To encourage people to buy goods made by local businesses

6. Nigeria has a new industry that builds tractors for agriculture. To protect this new industry from competition by lower priced foreign built tractors the Nigerian government would use what type of economic trade barrier to raise the price of imported tractors?

A. EmbargoB. QuotaC. TariffD. Treaty

7. Why is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) powerful? A. OPEC decides the supply of much of the oil on the world market. B. OPEC has the most powerful military on earth. C. OPEC is a very strong supporter of Israel. D. OPEC opposes embargoes.

 8. Why is specialization so important in international trade?

A. Most countries only make one product.B. Specialization increases tariffs on international products.C. Specialization allows countries to make what they’re best at and trade for everything else.D. Specialization is not important for international trade.

9. Specialization is the development of skills in a particular type of work such as trading. How does specialization effect the economic development of a country? 

A. Specialization has no effect on the economic development of a country. B. Specialization only occurs in countries with few resources. C. Specialization allows countries to take advantage of their particular skills, abilities and resources. D. Specialization only occurs in very wealthy countries. 

10. In South Africa it is easy to start a business. In addition, private property rights are well protected. What impact does this have on a role of entrepreneurs in South Africa?

A. Entrepreneurs are not affected.B. The efforts of entrepreneurs are limited because of a lack of government rules.C. Entrepreneurs will have no real impact on the economy of South Africa.D. Entrepreneurs can make a significant contribution to South Africa's economy.

11. The government of South Africa is spending money to build more roads, railroad tracks, and other infrastructure throughout the country. Why?

A. They are investing in their capital goods.B. They are investing in their human capital.C. They are investing in their natural resources.D. They are investing in stocks and bonds.

12. What are the three basic economic questions that must be answered by all societies?a. _____________________________________________________________________________________________b. _____________________________________________________________________________________________c. _____________________________________________________________________________________________

13. Complete the following table:

Pure command economy Mixed economy Pure market economyWho answers the three basic questions?

What degree of economic freedom exists for the individuals?Example

14. Explain how OPEC contributes to the economies of many Middle Eastern countries.

15. Explain the process of specialization. How can this benefit a country’s economy?

16. List two factors that benefit entrepreneurs in an economic system:

____________________________ and _____________________________

17. How can improved infrastructure contribute to economic growth?

18. Countries choose to make some goods and services instead of others, depending on what resources they have.

The above statement describes which economic term? ____________________________

19.

0% 100%_________________ _____________________ _____________________ (Controlled) (Free)

Write the correct name of the economic system on the lines above (command, mixed, market) AND then place the following countries on the continuum.

United States (76.5%)Israel (70.5%)Saudi Arabia (62.1%)Iran (41.8%)