Cover design - IEO Santander · 2012-04-10 · The Bay of Biscay is an area of the Atlantic Ocean enclosed by the Galician coast (NW Spain) and the Brittany coast (N France), with

Cover design: J. Carranza Photos (from left to right and top to bottom) courtesy of : 1) I. Frutos; 2) I. Frutos; 3) J.L. Cort; 4) J. Carranza; 5) ECOMARG project; 6) F. Sánchez; 7) J.M. Salinas; 8) A. Lavín et al.; 9) C. Fernández-Pato et al.

XIII International Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay. ISOBAY 13. Santander, SPAIN. 11–13 April 2012

XIII Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay

ISOBAY 13

11–13 April 2012. Santander, SPAIN.



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WELCOME TO ISOBAY 13

The Bay of Biscay is an area of the Atlantic Ocean enclosed by the Galician coast (NW Spain) and the Brittany coast (N France), with an extension almost half of the Iberian Peninsula and with a high proportion of the Spanish and French population living within less than 60 km from its coasts. As in all fields of the marine environment, it is subject to human pressures such as chronic pollution or accidental caused by maritime disasters, overfishing, alteration of marine habitats and the irrefutable consequences of climate change. However, from Brest to Vigo there is a large number of scientific institutions and organizations, distributed along this geographical environment, which are exploring and studying different aspects of its oceanographic phenomena: physical, chemical and biological, its flora and fauna, their ecosystems and resources. In summary this scientific potential allows to keep on investigating in all these disciplines for a better management of the functioning of coastal and deep water ecosystems in the Bay of Biscay. In order to link all the multidisciplinary studies that come out from these research Centers, the International Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay, ISOBAY, began 25 years ago in the University of Oviedo, and since then with a periodicity "biannual" has made this event 12 times (until 2010). Each time in one of the populations of the Bay of Biscay, on the Spanish side and in the French side, in such a way that the edition of the Congress is changing alternatively. Between 11 and 13 April 2012 the 13th ISOBAY edition will take place in Santander, organized by the Spanish Institute of Oceanography of Santander (IEO), with the collaboration of the Cantabrian University (UC), the Foundation of the Environmental Hydraulics Institute of Cantabria (IH) and the Cantabrian Maritime Museum (MMC). In these conferences one of the main objectives is to highlight the progress made in the various disciplines of Oceanography in the Bay of Biscay, which benefits the debate between scientists and allows to give a global picture of the state of the marine ecosystem in this geographical area. As an example of how the scientific advances are incorporated, the main subject of the recent International Simposia of the Bay of Biscay has been shifting following the approach of marine science progress: ISOBAY 9 (Vigo 2002): Movement and transport: Prestige; ISOBAY 10 (Pau 2004): Assessment of the impacts on ecosystems; ISOBAY11 (San Sebastián 2006): Management of the biodiversity; ISOBAY12: (Brest 2012): Global changes (climate change). The main subject on this edition of ISOBAY13 will be "The conservation and sustainability of marine resources in the Bay of Biscay", since from now on it is more necessary to manage the ecosystem following the ecosystem approach. The scientific program of the symposium will include the following topics: 1) Geology, sedimentation and erosion; 2) Physical oceanography; 3) Dynamics of nutrients and plankton; 4) Biological diversity and ecosystems; 5) Fisheres and aquaculture; and 6) Anthropogenic impacts: pollution, biological indicators, environmental changes. We would like to point out that we have contacted the International Journal ISI "Deep Sea Research II" which has accepted, without any cost, to publish a special issue with the best manuscripts presented at the Symposium. The Organizing Committee of ISOBAY 13


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Organizing Committee

Ignacio Olaso (IEO, Santander) Pablo Abaunza (IEO, Santander) Izaskun Preciado (IEO, Santander) Cristina Rodríguez-Cabello (IEO, Santander) Inmaculada Frutos (IEO, Santander) Jesús Carranza (IEO, Santander) Gerardo García-Castrillo (MMC, Santander) Carlos Pérez-Labajos (UC, Santander) Jean Claude Sorbe (CNRS, Arcachon) Raúl Medina (IH Cantabria, Santander) Scientific Committe

Ignacio Olaso (IEO, Santander) Pablo Abaunza (IEO, Santander) Juan Acosta (IEO, Madrid) Hervé Gillet (Université Bordeaux 1, Talence) Moncho Gómez-Gesteira (Universidad Vigo, Orense) Bernard Le Cann (Université Brest, Brest) Ricardo Prego (CSIC, Vigo) Gérard Thouzeau (Université Brest, Brest) Jean Claude Sorbe (CNRS, Arcachon) Francisco Sánchez (IEO, Santander) Ángel Borja (AZTI-Tecnalia, Pasaia) Guy Bachelet (CNRS, Arcachon) Francisco Velasco (IEO, Santander) Pierre Petitgas (IFREMER, Nantes) Olivier Le Pape (Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes) José Ignacio Saiz-Salinas (Universidad País Vasco, Bilbao) Pierre Anschutz (Université Bordeaux 1, Talence) Sonia Castanedo (IH Cantabria, Santander) Carlos García-Soto (IEO, Santander)


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ISOBAY 13 PROGRAMME Tuesday, 10

th April

18:00 – 20:00 Registration at the Museo Marítimo del Cantábrico (MMC). Welcome and refreshments at the Museum. Wednesday, 11

th April

9:00 Registration 9:30 Opening ceremony 10:00 Aperture talk: Ocean Sciences in the Bay of Biscay: recent achievements, current challenges

and new opportunities. Luis Valdés. 11:00 Coffe break Oral Session, Topic 1: Geology, sedimentation and erosion (chairs: Juan Acosta & Hervé Gillet). 11:20 G. Ercilla. Morphosedimentary features and recent depositional arquitectural model of the

Cantabrian continental margin and Biscay abyssal plain. 11:40 J. Iglesias. Quaternary seismic stratigraphy of the deep depositional systems in the Cantabrian

margin. 12:00 S. Brocheray. Morphobathymetric analyses and recent sedimentary processes of the turbiditic

system of the Capbreton submarine Canyon (Sargass Cruise 2010). 12:20 A. Mazières. Relationship between littoral drift Aquitaine and the head of the canyon of

Capbreton: descriptive and numerical approaches. 12:40 J. Larreta. Metal contamination in estuarine sediments of the Basque country (Bay of Biscay):

improving quality 10 years later. Oral Session, Topic 2: Physical Oceanography (chairs: Moncho Gómez-Gesteira & Alicia Lavín). 13:00 F. Gouillon. Mixed layer dynamics in the Bay of Biscay. 13:20 Lunch 15:00 F. Santos. Trends in ENACW calculated over the period 1975–2006 in the Bay of Biscay. 15:20 L. Solabarrieta. Surface circulation patterns in the southeastern Bay of Biscay obtained from HF

radar data. 15:40 A. Le Boyer. Seasonal horizontal transport on the shelf and upper slope of the Bay of Biscay

from July 2009 to August 2011. 16:00 N. Ayoub. Ocean response to winter storms in the Bay of Biscay: sensitivity to atmospheric

forcing. 16:20 M. Ruiz-Villarreal. On the variability and forcing of the poleward slope current in the Bay of

Biscay. 16:40 Coffe break 17:00 I. Laiz. Effect of river runoff on sea level from in-situ measurements and numerical models: the

Bay of Biscay.


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17:20 A. Caballero. Altimetric data and ocean model estimations for monitoring mesoscale activity within the Bay of Biscay.

17:40 M. Álvarez. Evolution of oxygen profiles from Argo data in the Bay of Biscay, 2009–2012. 18:00 V. Valencia. Trends and anomalies of salinity in the upper waters masses of the southeastern

Bay of Biscay during the last three decades. Oral Session, Topic 3: Plankton and nutrients dynamics (chairs: Ignacio Olaso & Jean Claude Sorbe). 18:20 M. Chifflet. Towards an End-to-End model for the Bay of Biscay. 18:40 C. Charbonnier. In situ seasonal monitoring of dissolved oxygen in sandy beach. 19:00 End of the day Thursday, 12

th April

9:00 D. Smythe-Wright. Biological regimes in the Bay of Biscay and English Channel. 9:20 P. Morin. Biological production of volatile halogenated organic compounds in coastal waters of

Bay of Biscay. 9:40 E. Nogueira. Short-term dynamics of an upwelling-relaxation event and its consequences on

coastal plankton communities (central Cantabrian Sea). 10:00 P. Vandromme. Spatial and vertical distribution of springtime zooplankton over the western

European shelf and slope from Galician coast to Ushant front. Oral Session, Topic 4: Biological diversity and ecosystems (chairs: Fco. Sánchez & Guy Bachelet). 10:20 A. Brind’Amour. Functional diversity on the nursery habitats of the Bay of Biscay: a

methodological framework. 10:40 G. Chust. Estuarine connectivity: assessing species vulnerability to global change. 11:00 Coffe break 11:20 E. Ramos. Ecological classification of rocky shores at a regional scale based on coastal physical

attributes. 11:40 B. Gutiérrez-Cobo. Recruitment and growth of Pollicipes pollicipes on the coast of Cantabria

(Gulf of Biscay, N Spain). Considerations for management. 12:00 M. Lucia. Distribution pattern of the intertidal macrobenthic communities in the Gironde

Estuary (France): abundance, diversity, biomass and structuring factors. 12:20 A. Chaalali. Zooplankton and fish species variability in the Gironde Estuary under the influence

of large-scale climate variability. 12:40 A. De Ugarte. Adding value to historical underwater video data for the study of subtidal

macroalgae communities. 13:00 J. García. Hydrologic variability in the southeastern Bay of Biscay over the Holocene. 13:20 Lunch 15:00 I. Galparsoro. Mapping European seabed habitats in the Atlantic area for a better management. 15:20 A. García-Alegre. Modelling and mapping the local distribution of communities and species of

special interest on Le Danois Bank (El Cachucho MPA). 15:40 A. Lourido. A comparative study of the macrobenthic infauna of two bathyal Cantabrian Sea

areas: Le Danois Bank and the Avilés Canyon.


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16:00 POSTER SESSION 16:40 Coffe break 17:00 F. Sánchez. Habitat characterisation of deep-water coral reefs on the La Gaviera Canyon

(Cantabrian Sea). 17:20 A. Serrano. Deep sea benthic assemblages of the Galicia Bank: effects of seamount

environmental variables. 17:40 D. Ravard. Estimating the abundance and structure of the demersal fishes communities in the

Bay of Biscay during the late 19th century: a multispecific bayesian approach using a depletion model.

18:00 L.M. García-García. Investigating the processes that affect sardine recruitment in the W and N Iberian shelf and slope.

18:20 M. Chifflet. Changes in food web structure induced by different fishing strategies: application to Bay of Biscay ecosystem.

18:40 P. Méndez-Fernández. Comparison of inter-species segregation between the Bay of Biscay and the NW Iberian Peninsula toothed whales using trace elements and stable isotopes.

19:00 End of the day 20:00 Symposium Dinner Friday, 13

th April

Oral Session, Topic 5: Fisheries & Aquaculture (chairs: Francisco Velasco & Pierre Petitgas). 9:00 A. Pita. Migration explains the maintenance of the southern hake population despite

overexploitation 9:20 P. Presa. The Celtic Sea is the multidirectional focus for the expansive dispersal of hake

(Merluccius merluccius) in the Atlantic. 9:40 L. Cañás. Anglerfish, Lophius piscatorius, stock structure in the southwestern European waters

inferred from new approaches and previous studies. 10:00 H. Arrizabalaga. Atlantic bluefin tuna stock identification by otolith microchemistry. 10:20 E. Rodríguez-Marín. Validation of Atlantic bluefin tuna age determination using dorsal fin

spines. 10:40 N. Goñi. Spatial variability of albacore feeding strategies in the Northeast Atlantic: implications

for CPUE standardization. 11:00 Coffe break 11:20 J. Pereau. The triple bottom line: meeting ecological, economic and social goals with individual

transferable quotas. 11:40 G. Bidegain. Is the competitive interaction between the non indigenous bivalve Ruditapes

phillippinarum and the native bivalve Ruditapes decussatus a determining factor to explain the reduction of the native population?

Oral Session, Topic 6: Anthropogenic impacts (chairs: Iñaki Saiz-Salinas & Pierre Anschutz). 12:00 P.L. Luque. Dentinal anomalies in teeth of common dolphins (Delphinus delphis): are they

linked to sexual maturation and/or the exposure to anthropogenic POPs? 12:20 A. Lanoux. Impact of wastewater discharges on the water oxygenation of the Garonne River.


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12:40 V. Deycard. Contribution of urban wastewater inputs of Bordeaux to estuarine trace metal fluxes (Bay of Biscay, Gironde Estuary): results from ETIAGE project.

13:00 A. Sharif. Speciation and cycling of mercury species in coastal waters influenced by the Adour Estuary (Bay of Biscay, SW France).

13:20 Lunch 15:00 V. Valencia. Dissolved oxygen distribution and their relationships with nutrients and organic

matter in the estuaries of the Basque coast (SE Bay of Biscay). 15:20 J. Garmendia. Recovery of Zostera noltii donor areas, after extraction for restoration purposes,

at the Basque country (Spain). 15:40 A. Gracia. Application of landscape mosaics for the biological quality assessment of subtidal

macroalgae communities using the CFR index. 16:00 L. Modica. Development of the large fish indicator EcoQO for the southern Bay of Biscay fish

community. 16:20 J.M. González-Irusta. Trophodynamics effect of trawling disturbance on a habitat-structuring

species, the Atlantic sea urchin Gracilechinus acutus (Lamarck, 1816). 16:40 A. Bode. Stable isotope composition trace anthropogenic carbon and nitrogen processing in

benthic food webs of A Coruña (NW Spain). 17:00 Coffe break and Award Jury deliberation. 17:20 Announcement of the winners 17:40 Closing ceremony 18:00 End


ISOBAY 13 ABSTRACTS

In each topic, oral communications are listed according to the programme schedule and

posters are ordered alphabethically by first author name


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Aperture Talk

Ocean Sciences in the Bay of Biscay: recent achievements, current challenges and new opportunities. Valdés L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

TOPIC 1 Oral Session Morphosedimentary features and recent depositional arquitectural model of the Cantabrian continental margin and Biscay abyssal plain. Ercilla G., Iglesias J., Casas D., Estrada F., Gómez-Ballesteros M., Van Rooij D., Hernández-Molina F.J., Jane G., Llave E., Vázquez J.T., García M., García-Gil S., Puga M.C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Quaternary seismic stratigraphy of the deep depositional systems in the cantabrian margin. Iglesias J., Ercilla G., García-Gil S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Morphobathymetric analyses and recent sedimentary processes of the turbiditic system of the Capbreton submarine Canyon (Sargass Cruise 2010). Brocheray S., Cremer M., Zaragosi S., Gillet H., Hanquiez V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Relationship between littoral drift Aquitaine and the head of the canyon of Capbreton: descriptive and numerical approaches. Mazières A., Gillet H., Castelle B., Guyot C., Mallet C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Metal contamination in estuarine sediments of the Basque country (Bay of Biscay): improving quality 10 years later. Larreta J., Menchaca I., Solaun O., Legorburu I., Rodríguez J.G., Borja Á. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

TOPIC 1 Poster Session Rock-Eval and Biomarkers signature of sedimentary organic matter from Lake Ichkeul (Northern Tunisia). Affouri H., Sahraoui O., Ben Mbarek N., Montacer M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Capbreton Canyon: evidence of its formation by differential sedimentation. Cremer M., Brocheray S., Gillet H., Hanquiez V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Morphobathymetric evolution and sedimentary processes in the upper part of the Capbreton submarine canyon: erosion versus sedimentation. Gillet H., Cremer M., Mazieres A., Mulder T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Morphosedimentary characterization from multibeam bathymetric research of the complex Avilés Canyon´s system (Cantabrian continental margin). Gómez-Ballesteros M., Druet M., Acosta J., Sánchez F., Muñoz-Recio A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35


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Upper Oligocene to Quaternary sedimentary evolution of the Cantabrian continental margin (Eastern Bay of Biscay). Iglesias J., Ercilla G., García-Gil S., Vázquez J.T., Pulgar J., Fernández-Viejo G., Gallastegui J., Casas D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Sedimentary processes in the Cap-Ferret Canyon (Bay of Biscay, NE Atlantic): from seasonal to century time scales. Schmidt S., Diallo A., Howa H., Cremer M., Fontanier C., Metzger E., Deflandre B. . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Spatial and temporal trace metal concentrations in surface sediments of the Marennes Oléron Bay. Relation to hydrodynamic forcing. Strady E., Kervella S., Blanc G., Robert S., Stanisière J.Y., Coynel A., Schäfer J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

TOPIC 2 Oral Session Mixed layer dynamics in the Bay of Biscay. Gouillon F., Baraille R., Morel Y., Vandermeirsch F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Trends in ENACW calculated over the period 1975–2006 in the Bay of Biscay. Gómez-Gesteira M., Decastro M., Santos F., Álvarez I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Surface circulation patterns in the southeastern Bay of Biscay obtained from HF radar data. Solabarrieta L., Rubio A., Fontán A., Medina R., Castanedo S., Ferrer L., Fernández V., Mader J., González M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Seasonal horizontal transport on the shelf and upper slope of the Bay of Biscay from July 2009 to August 2011. Le Boyer A., Lazure P., Le Cann B., Charria G., Marié L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Ocean response to winter storms in the Bay of Biscay: sensitivity to atmospheric forcing. Ayoub N., Herbert G., Rubio A., Lamouroux J., De Mey P., Marsaleix P., Lyard F. . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 On the variability and forcing of the poleward slope current in the Bay of Biscay. Ruiz-Villarreal M., García-García L.M., González-Pola C., Sánchez R., Lavín A., Díaz del Río G., Prieto E., Cabanas J.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Effect of river runoff on sea level from in-situ measurements and numerical models: the Bay of Biscay. Laiz I., Ferrer L., Plomaritis, T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Altimetric data and ocean model estimations for monitoring mesoscale activity within the Bay of Biscay. Caballero A., Ferrer L., Rubio A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47


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Evolution of oxygen profiles from Argo data in the Bay of Biscay, 2009–2012 Álvarez M., Ruiz-Villareal M., Rodríguez C., González-Pola C., Lavín A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Trends and anomalies of salinity in the upper waters masses of the southeastern Bay of Biscay during the last three decades. Valencia V., Esnaola G., Fontán A., González M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

TOPIC 2 Poster Session Comparison of wind vectors from CCMP and buoy data along the southern limit of the Bay of Biscay. Álvarez I., Gómez-Gesteira M., Decastro M., Santos F., Carvalho D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Oceanographic remote sensing: observing the Earth from space. Carranza J., Lavín A., Rodríguez C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Non linear internal tides, solitary waves and turbulent mixing in the continental shelf of South Brittany Cuypers Y., Bouruet-Aubertot P., Lunven M., Sourisseau M., Velo-Suarez L., Lourenco A., Pasquet S., Lazure P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Surface meso- and submesocales activity in the Bay of Biscay: using surface Lagrangian advection with altimetric geostrophic velocities to analyze the performance of a regional high resolution model. Dencausse G., Ayoub N., De Mey P., Chanut J., Levier B., Morrow R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 River plume dynamics: sensitivity to the river numerical implementation and model grid resolution. Gouillon F., Boutet M., Baraille R., Morel Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Numerical modeling of the Adour plume dynamics. Maron P., Morichon D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 The critical selection of the wind speed product to estimate the net sea-air CO2 flux in the Bay of Biscay. Otero P., Padín X.A., Ruiz-Villarreal M., García-García L.M., Ríos A.F., Pérez F.F. . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 The Santander time-series section: 20 years of biogeochemical measurements. Rodríguez C., González-Pola C., Somavilla R., Viloria A., Lavín A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Numerical model and observations of interactions between coastal shelf tidal front and a barotropic jet. Szekely T., Marié L., Morel Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Generation and propagation of internal tides and solitary waves in the shelf edge of the Bay of Biscay. Xie X.H., Cuypers Y., Bouruet-Aubertot P., Pichon A., Lourenco A., Ferron B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61


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TOPIC 3 Oral Session Towards an End-to-End model for the Bay of Biscay. Chifflet M., Ferrer L., Maury O., Rubio A., Machu E., Irigoien X. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 In situ seasonal monitoring of dissolved oxygen in sandy beach. Charbonnier C., Anschutz P., Deflandre B., Poirier D., Bujan S., Lecroart P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Biological regimes in the Bay of Biscay and English Channel. Smythe-Wright D., Boswell S.M., Daniel A., Purcell D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Biological production of volatile halogenated organic compounds in coastal waters of Bay of Biscay. Morin P., Cocquempot B., Wafar M.V.M., Le Corre P., Raimund S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Short-term dynamics of an upwelling-relaxation event and its consequences on coastal plankton communities (central Cantabrian Sea). Nogueira E., González-Pola C., González-Quirós R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Spatial and vertical distribution of springtime zooplankton over the western European shelf and slope from Galician coast to Ushant front. Vandromme P., Nogueira E., Huret M., González-Nuevo G., López-Urrutia A., Sourisseau M., Petitgas P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

TOPIC 3 Poster Session In vitro simulation of oscillatory redox conditions in sediments of the Arcachon Bay and the Adour Estuary. Anschutz P., Abril G., Deborde J., Bouchet S., Bridou R., Tessier E., Amouroux D. . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Interannual variability of the spawning habitats of sardine and anchovy in bay of Agadir (Moroccan Atlantic). Berraho A., Ettahiri O., Somoue L., Makaoui A., Charib S., Larissi J., Baibai T., Hilmi K. . . . . . . . 73 Spatio-temporal variability of the carbonate system in the Loire outer Estuary. Bozec Y., Cariou T., Macé E., Morin P., Thuillier D., Vernet M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Response of surface planktonic Cladocerans to oceano-climatic change: investigations at short-time scale in East Atlantic. D‘Elbée J., Castège I., Lalanne Y., Bru N., D‘Amico F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Ichthyoplankton variability in the estuarine and coastal areas of the Nalón and Villaviciosa estuaries (central Cantabrian Sea). González-Quirós R., Nogueira E., González-Pola C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Seasonal and inter-annual variability in productivity in relation to winter nutrient concentrations in the Bay of Biscay. Hartman S., Hydes D., Hartman M., Smythe-Wright D., Jiang Z. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Seasonal and inter-annual variations in the carbonate system, biological production and air-sea CO2 flux in the surface Northeast Atlantic (Bay of Biscay). Jiang Z., Hydes D., Hartman S., Hartman M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78


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High frequency measurements of hydrological and biological parameters in the Bay of Biscay and Western English Channel: Evidence for a Karenia mikimotoi bloom in July 2010. Morin P., Macé E., Raimund S., Jégou P., Aoustin Y., Smyth T.J., Hoebeke M., Cariou T., Bozec Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Hydrographic and biogeochemical variability in the estuarine and coastal areas off Nalón and Villaviciosa (central Cantabrian Sea). Nogueira E., González-Pola C., González-Quirós R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Impact of river input and hydrodynamics on spatial and temporal variability of primary production along the French coast of English channel and Gulf of Gascogne. Sourisseau M., Sibert V., Rogé M., Dumas F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

TOPIC 4 Oral Session Functional diversity on the nursery habitats of the Bay of Biscay: a methodological framework. Brind'Amour A., Rochet M.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Estuarine connectivity: assessing species vulnerability to global change. Chust G., Albaina A., Aranburu A., Borja Á., Diekmann O.E., Estonba A., Franco J., Garmendia J.M., Iriondo M., Rendo F., Rodríguez J.G., Ruiz-Larrañaga O., Muxika I., Valle M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Ecological classification of rocky shores at a regional scale based on coastal physical attributes. Ramos E., Puente A., Juanes J.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Recruitment and growth of Pollicipes pollicipes on the coast of Cantabria (Gulf of Biscay, N Spain). Considerations for management. Gutiérrez-Cobo M.B., Bidegain G., Silió A., Guinda X., Juanes J.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Distribution pattern of the intertidal macrobenthic communities in the Gironde Estuary (France): abundance, diversity, biomass and structuring factors. Lucia M., Bachelet G., Leconte M., Blanchet H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Zooplankton and fish species variability in the Gironde Estuary under the influence of large-scale climate variability. Chaalali A., Beaugrand G., Boët P., Sautour B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Adding value to historical underwater video data for the study of subtidal macroalgae communities. De Ugarte A., Juanes J.A., Guinda X., Puente A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Hydrologic variability in the southeastern Bay of Biscay over the Holocene. García J., Howa H., Mojtahid M., Schiebel R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Mapping European seabed habitats in the Atlantic area for a better management. Galparsoro I., Populus J., Fossecave P., Freitas R., Gonçalves J.M.S., Henriques V., Mcgrath F., Sanz Alonso J.L., Da Silva Amorim P.A., Tempera F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Modelling and mapping the local distribution of communities and species of special interest on Le Danois Bank (El Cachucho MPA). García-Alegre A., Sánchez F., Gómez-Ballesteros M., Hinz H., Serrano A., Parra S. . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 A comparative study of the macrobenthic infauna of two bathyal Cantabrian Sea areas: Le Danois Bank and the Avilés Canyon.


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Lourido A., Parra S., Fernández J., Vázquez C., Valencia J., Pérez C., Sánchez F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Habitat characterisation of deep-water coral reefs on the La Gaviera Canyon (Cantabrian Sea). Sánchez F., Gómez-Ballesteros M., González-Pola C., Cristobo J., García-Alegre A., Ríos P., Muñoz-Recio A., Parra S., Druet M., Altuna A., Serrano A., Lourido A., Acosta J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Deep sea benthic assemblages of the Galicia Bank: effects of seamount environmental variables. Serrano A., Punzón A., Ríos P., Cartes J.E., Valeiras J., Lourido A., Arronte J.C., Cristobo J., Bañón R., Papiol V., Parra S., Sánchez F., Frutos I., García-Alegre A., Preciado I., Blanco M., Luque A., Gofas S., Orejas C., Druet M., Gómez-Ballesteros M., Ruiz-Villarreal M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Estimating the abundance and structure of the demersal fishes communities in the Bay of Biscay during the late 19th century: a multispecific bayesian approach using a depletion model. Ravard D., Trenkel V., Brind'Amour A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Investigating the processes that affect sardine recruitment in the W and N Iberian shelf and slope. García-García L.M., Ruiz-Villarreal M., Otero P., Cobas-García M., Bernal M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Changes in food web structure induced by different fishing strategies: application to Bay of Biscay ecosystem. Fraile I., Andonegui E., Chifflet M., Chust G., Quincoces I., Irigoien X., Verley P., Shin Y. . . . . . . 99 Comparison of inter-species segregation between the Bay of Biscay and the NW Iberian Peninsula toothed whales using trace elements and stable isotopes. Méndez-Fernández P., Bustamante P., Chouvelon T., Ferreira M., López A., Pierce G.J., Santos M.B., Spitz J., Vingada J.V., Caurant F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

TOPIC 4 Poster Session Spatial distribution of cephalopod demersal assemblages in trawl grounds off Galician and Cantabrian shelf. Abad E., Valeiras J., Velasco E.M., Serrano A., Punzón A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Physiological state and adaptation to the environment of the bacterial community in coastal waters of southeastern Bay of Biscay. Abad N., Uranga A., Baña Z., Artolozaga I., Azúa I., Unanue M., Iriberri J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Adding new species to the fish fauna of the Galicia and Cantabrian Sea (southern Bay of Biscay). Arronte J.C., Ruiz-Pico S., Fernández-Zapico O., Velasco E.M., Punzón A., Serrano A., Velasco F., Sánchez F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Histopathologie et reproduction de la moule Mytilus galloprovincialis fixée naturellement sur les cages aquacoles de la Baie de Mdiq (Maroc). Bhaby S., Belhsen O.K., Errhif A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) with connexions with different water masses. Cartes J.E., Papiol V., Valeiras J., Frutos I., Macpherson E., Punzón A., Serrano A. . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Assessing the ecological quality of soft-sottom benthos: evaluation of AMBI and M-AMBI in a marine ecosystem affected by an inorganic contamination source. Castillo I., García A.I., Otero S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107


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Seasonal monitoring of macrofauna in an exposed sandy beach. Charbonnier C., Lavesque N., Bachelet G., Bujan S., Anschutz P., Lecroart P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Impact of the seagrass meadow regression on the nutrient biogeochemistry in sediments of a tidal mudflat (Arcachon Bay, France). Delgard M.L., Deflandre B., Deborde J., Kochoni E., Ferreira S., Anschutz P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Recent and historical range shifts of two canopy-forming seaweeds in North Spain and the link with trends in sea surface temperature. Duarte L., Viejo R.M., Martínez B., Decastro I., Gómez-Gesteira M., Gallardo T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Environmental drivers on the ecology of the main pleuronectiformes species in the southern Bay of Biscay. Fernández-Zapico O., Punzón A., Serrano A., Velasco F., Ruiz-Pico S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Spatiotemporal dynamic of coarse and fine particulate organic matter in the Gironde Estuary: implication for carbon budget. Fuentes-Cid A., Etcheber H., Schmidt S., De Oliveira E., Sottolichio A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Trophic structure of the benthic macroinfauna of the Avilés Canyon (NE Atlantic, N Spain): preliminary results. Lourido A., Parra S., Fernández J., Vázquez C., Sánchez F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Preliminary results from soft bottom macrobenthic communities of the Avilés Canyon (NE Atlantic). Lourido A., Parra S., Fernández J., Vázquez C., Pérez C., Sánchez F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Variability in the mackerel egg predation by cannibalism in the North of Spain, during spawning season in the 2000‘ years. Olaso I., Villamor B., Gutiérrez-Zabala J.L., Bernal M., Franco C., Iglesias M., Lago de Lanzós A., Preciado I., Modica L., López-López L., Nogueira E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Characterize the biological communities and identify the ecological quality of the rocky intertidal macrofaunal assemblages at sites of community importance (SCIs) in Cantabria. Otero S., García A.I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Maps of potential predation on the different life stages of anchovy in the Bay of Biscay. Petitgas P., Villamor B., Preciado I., Spitz J., Dorémus G., Santos M.B., Punzón A., Rodríguez-Marín E., Iglesias M., Massé J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Feeding habits of Nezumia aequalis (Günter, 1878) (Pisces: Macrouridae) of three deep-sea areas with different trophic pathways (southern Bay of Biscay). Preciado I., Frutos I., Papiol V., Cartes J.E., Sánchez F., Serrano A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Environmental heterogeneity preference of deep-water fishes in a deep seamount (Galicia Bank). Punzón A., Bañón R., Serrano A., Arronte J.C., Cartes J.E., Preciado I., Rodríguez-Cabello C. . . . 119 Distribution of sea cucumbers in the southern Bay of Biscay. Quelle P., Ruiz-Pico S., Fernández-Zapico O., Blanco M., Serrano A., Punzón A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Spatio-temporal variability of frond yellowing in subtidal populations of Gelidium corneum in the eastern Cantabrian Sea. Quintano E., Guerra J., Díez I., Muguerza N., Santolaria A., Ganzedo U., Gorostiaga J.M. . . . . . . 121


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The genus Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) in Avilés Canyon (Cantabrian Sea). Ríos P., Cristobo J., Sánchez F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Sponges of Order Astrophorida Sollas, 1888 (Porifera, Demospongiae) in Galician Bank (NE Atlantic). Ríos P., Cristobo J., Xavier J., Serrano A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Habitat identification in the marine soft-bottoms of the North and North-West of Spain. Rodríguez-Gutiérrez J., González J.M., Serrano A., Punzón A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Overview of the seapens (Order Pennatulacea) in the Cantabrian Sea. Ruiz-Pico S., Punzón A., Serrano A., Velasco F., Fernández-Zapico O., Quinzán M. . . . . . . . . . . . 125 A new suprabenthic mysid from bathyal soft-bottoms of the southern Bay of Biscay. San Vicente C., Frutos I., Sorbe J.C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Temporal changes in the structure of an upper slope suprabenthic community from the S Bay of Biscay (NE Atlantic Ocean). Sorbe J.C., Elizalde M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Bacterial community composition in coastal waters of southern Bay of Biscay. Uranga A., Abad A., Baña Z., Ayo B., Arrieta J.M., Iriberri J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Records of cephalopod species collected during deepwater surveys at Galicia Bank. Valeiras J., Abad E., Serrano A., Punzón A., Guerra Á. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Distribution patterns and biological aspects of cephalopods off North Spain continental shelf: squids and cuttlefish. Valeiras, J., Abad E., Velasco E.M., Serrano A., Punzón A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Geographic, bathymetric and inter-annual variability in the distribution of portunid crabs along the Galician and Cantabrian coasts of the Iberian Peninsula. Velasco E.M., Quinzán M., Abad E., Valeiras J., Serrano A., Punzón A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Distribution patterns and biological aspects of cephalopods off north Spain continental shelf: Octopodidae. Velasco E.M., Valeiras J., Abad E., Punzón A., Serrano A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

TOPIC 5 Oral Session Migration explains the maintenance of the southern hake population despite overexploitation. Pita A., Pérez M., Velasco F., Presa P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 The Celtic Sea is the multidirectional focus for the expansive dispersal of hake (Merluccius

merluccius) in the Atlantic. Pérez M., Pita A., Presa P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Anglerfish, Lophius piscatorius, stock structure in the southwestern European waters inferred from new approaches and previous studies. Cañás L., Sampedro P.M., Fariña A.C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136


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Atlantic bluefin tuna stock identification by otolith microchemistry Fraile I., Arrizabalaga H., Rooker J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Validation of Atlantic bluefin tuna age determination using dorsal fin spines. Rodríguez-Marín E., Luque P.L., Quelle P., Ruiz M., Campana S., Busawon D., Neilson J., Landa J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Spatial variability of albacore feeding strategies in the Northeast Atlantic: implications for CPUE standardization. Goñi N., Peninon V., Arrizabalaga H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139 The triple bottom line: meeting ecological, economic and social goals with individual transferable quotas. Pereau J.C., Doyen L., Little L.R., Thebaud O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Is the competitive interaction between the non indigenous bivalve Ruditapes phillippinarum and the native bivalve Ruditapes decussatus a determining factor to explain the reduction of the native population? Bidegain G., Juanes J.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

TOPIC 5 Poster Session

The IEO sampling and information network: where fisheries information is coming from (and how is being collected). Ámez M.A., Rodríguez-Gutiérrez J., Quinzán M., Velasco E.M., Cebrián J.L., Juárez A. . . . . . . . 144 Habitat preferences of artisanal fisheries in the Avilés Canyon area. Arronte J.C., Punzón A., Sánchez F., García-Alegre A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Species composition of Family Rajidae in the Spanish landings from the northwestern Iberian waters (ICES Divisions VIIIc and IXa). Cebrián J.L., Juárez A., Quinzán M.., Ámez M., Velasco E.M., Rodríguez-Gutiérrez J. . . . . . . . . . 146 Analysis horse mackerel catches in the Cantabrian Sea and Bay of Biscay (2000–2010). Costas G, Abaunza P., Morlán R., Gancedo R., Sánchez S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Atypical anchovy egg abundances in the Bay of Biscay in April 2011. Costas G., Álvarez-Calleja I., Lago De Lanzós A., Franco C., Díaz P., Cubero P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Application of the Daily Egg Production Method (DEPM) for sardine (Sardina pilchardus) in the inner of the Bay of Biscay from 1997 until 2011. Díaz P., Lago De Lanzós A., Franco C., Pérez J.R., Bernal M., Costas G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149 Catch composition, discards and selectivity in the red mullet (Mullus surmuletus) gillnet fishery off the Asturias coast. Fernández-Rueda M.P., Alcázar J.L., Jiménez F., Herrador R., Muñoz A., García-Flórez L. . . . . . .150


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Use of probiotics in Senegalese sole aquaculture: a sustainable tool in the Bay of Biscay. García de la Banda I., Lobo C., Gutiérrez J.R., Madrazo F., Arce F., Moreno-Ventas X., Canteras J.C., Lucas M.L., Mira J.R., Tapia-Paniagua S., Moriñigo M.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Eggs size variation in the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus Linnaeus, 1758) in the Bay of Biscay. Guevara-Fletcher C., Cotano U., Santos M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152 Preliminary results on early growth of the black anglerfish, Lophius budegassa in the Bay of Biscay using otolith microstructure. Hernández C., Landa J., Barrado J., Antolínez A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Growth and movement patterns of European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay (NE Atlantic) under different environmental factors: implications for recruitment. Hernández C., Villamor B., Nogueira E., González-Pola C., González-Nuevo G., Barrado J. . . . . .154 Inventory of trapped organisms under Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 mantle, caught off Mauritania by Spanish freezer trawlers. Jurado-Ruzafa A., Duque V., Carrasco M.N., González J.F., González-Porto M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Reproduction of black anglerfish (Lophius budegassa) in northern Spanish waters. Landa J., Antolínez A., Ámez M., Barrado J., Castro B., Cañás L., Autón U., Fariña A.C., Hernández C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Back-calculation of length at age of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) based on dorsal fin spine annuli. Landa J., Rodríguez-Marín E., Luque P.L., Quelle P., Ruiz M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Genetic pattern of connectivity in the hake metapopulation of Biscay Bay. Pita A., Leal A., Piñeiro C., Presa P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Interactions between demersal fisheries and the ecosystem in the area of influence of the Avilés Canyon. Punzón A., Arronte J.C., Sánchez F., García-Alegre A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Using all the information: examining the possibilities of aggregated size composition to support fisheries management. Rodríguez-Gutiérrez J., Velasco E.M., Ámez M.A., Juárez A., Quinzán M., Cebrián J. . . . . . . . . . 160 Anglerfish discard behavior in Spanish North Atlantic (ICES VIIIc, IXa) bottom trawl fisheries. Santos J., Salinas I., Pérez N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Survivorship of hatchery reared sea urchins in the wild. Segovia M., González-Irusta J.M., Ansorena F.J., Ojea J., De la Oz S., Canteras J.C. . . . . . . . . . . 162


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Fishing discards in the Spanish otter-trawl fishery: discard rates and indicators of bycatch of key species in North Iberian waters. Valeiras J., Bellido J.M., Mendoza M., Araújo H., Pérez N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Comparative biomass spectra of the landings from Spanish fleets operating in the Bay of Biscay. Velasco E.M., Juárez A., Rodríguez-Gutiérrez J., Cebrián J.L., Ámez M.A., Quinzán M. . . . . . . . 164 Predicting suitable fishing areas in the Cantabrian Sea. Vilela R., Bellido J.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

TOPIC 6 Oral Session Dentinal anomalies in teeth of common dolphins (Delphinus delphis): are they linked to sexual maturation and/or the exposure to anthropogenic POPs?. Luque P.L., Pierce G.J., Learmonth J.A., Santos M.B., Ieno E., López A., Reid R.J., Rogan E., González A.F., Boon J., Lockyer C.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Impact of wastewater discharges on the water oxygenation of the Garonne River. Lanoux A., Etcheber H., Anschutz P., Abril G., Garabetian F., Sottolichio A., Pelloux S. . . . . . . . 169 Contribution of urban wastewater inputs of Bordeaux to estuarine trace metal fluxes (Bay of Biscay, Gironde Estuary): results from ETIAGE project. Deycard V., Blanc G., Schäfer J., Coynel A., Lanceleur L., Bossy C., Dutruch L., Bethke L., Ventura A., Pelloux S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Speciation and cycling of mercury species in coastal waters influenced by the Adour Estuary (Bay of Biscay, SW France). Sharif A., Monperrus M., Tessier E., Pinaly H., Maron P., Amouroux D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Dissolved oxygen distribution and their relationships with nutrients and organic matter in the estuaries of the Basque coast (SE Bay of Biscay). Valencia V., Larreta J., Revilla M., Zorita I., Franco J., Borja Á. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Recovery of Zostera noltii donor areas, after extraction for restoration purposes, at the Basque country (Spain). Garmendia J.M., Valle M., Borja Á., Chust G., Franco J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Application of landscape mosaics for the biological quality assessment of subtidal macroalgae communities using the CFR index. Gracia A., Guinda X., Puente A., Juanes J.A., Rzhanov Y., Mayer L.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Development of the large fish indicator EcoQO for the southern Bay of Biscay fish community. Modica L., Velasco F., Preciado I., Soto M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175


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Trophodynamics effect of trawling disturbance on a habitat-structuring species, the Atlantic sea urchin Gracilechinus acutus (Lamarck, 1816). González-Irusta J.M., Preciado I., Punzón A., Serrano A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Stable isotope composition trace anthropogenic carbon and nitrogen processing in benthic food webs of A Coruña (NW Spain). Bode A., Fernández C., Mompeán C., Parra S., Rozada F., Valencia J., Viana I.G. . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

TOPIC 6 Poster Session Benthic fluxes of metallic contaminants and redox-sensitive metals in subtidal and intertidal zones of the Arcachon Bay (Bay of Biscay, SW France). Bouchet S., Rodríguez González P., Pinel P., Tessier E., Monperrus M., Thouzeau G., Clavier J., Anschutz P., Amouroux D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Response of benthic macrofauna to an oil pollution: lessons from the ―Prestige‖ oil spill in the South of the Bay of Biscay (France). Castège I., Milon E., Pautrizel F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Monitoring of organometallic compounds in oysters from the Arcachon Bay: spatial and seasonal variations. Cavalheiro J., Monperrus M., Preud‘homme H., Amouroux D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Methylmercury in European glass eels from the Bay of Biscay: concentration level and impact on the migratory behaviour. Claveau J., Monperrus M., Pinaly H., Bardonnet A., Amouroux D., Bolliet V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Changes of water quality and biological communities in response to sewerage implementation in transitional waters: the case of the Nervión Estuary (N Spain). Franco J., Borja Á., Menchaca I., De la Sota A., Revilla M., Rodríguez G., Villate F. . . . . . . . . . . 184 Analysis of extreme hydrological events (river and tidal floods) in the Medoc vineyards and consequences on the metal pollution of the Gironde Estuary. Kessaci K., Coynel A., Gassiat A., Petit K., Schäfer J., Blanc G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Study of environmental impact of effluents from the Urban Community of Bordeaux (CUB) on the Garonne River waters quality: the ETIAGE program. Lanoux A., Etcheber H., Budzinski H., Blanc G., Schäfer J., Lepage M., Sautour B., Bachelet G., Baudrimont M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Characterization of the metals sources in the Basque estuaries (Bay of Biscay). Legorburu I., Larreta J., Galparsoro I., Borja Á. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187


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Marine litter in the southern Bay of Biscay: distribution, trends and potential effects on benthic habitats. López-López L., González-Irusta J.M., Tello O., Punzón A., Serrano A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Application of passive samplers and bioassays to characterize the impact of an effluent plume: an example in the Oiartzun Estuary (southeastern Bay of Biscay). Montero N., Belzunce-Segarra M.J., González J.L., Garmendia J.M., Menchaca I., Franco J. . . . . 189 Skill of climate models on wave climate projections in the Bay of Biscay. Pérez J., Menéndez M., Méndez F.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190


APERTURE TALK


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Ocean Sciences in the Bay of Biscay: recent achievements, current challenges and new opportunities

VALDÉS L. Head of Ocean Sciences. IOC-UNESCO, Paris. FRANCE. As the only forum specifically dedicated to discuss regularly on ocean sciences in the Bay of Biscay, ISOBAY (formerly named Colloquium) offers us a periodic and great platform to analyze —all together— past achievements, current challenges and emerging opportunities at regional scale. If this type of analyses is always recommended, it is even more appropriate in this year 2012 as many current structures and priorities in ocean sciences at global scale will be reconsidered and adapted to address the demands and needs of the new century; and these changes will affect, of course, the science that we do in the Bay of Biscay and surrounding waters. We will focus this lecture on three distinct objectives. First, we will provide a glimpse of past (but recent) achievements in science and facilities in the Bay of Biscay. Second, we will review some emergent issues and challenges that are not well addressed in the region. Third, I will share IOC‘s vision for a marine science strategy for the next 15 years. For that purpose, IOC has identified three critical elements that will likely provide the scientific and technical means to redefine the future of ocean sciences: (1) science drivers, (2) ocean instrumentation and technological developments, and (3) strategic frameworks for cooperation. The third element is of particular importance because research at unprecedented geographic scales is required to improve our understanding of climate change and ecosystem functioning, including biodiversity conservation and management options. Because this effort calls for extensive national and international cooperation, we will also discuss in this presentation the role of comprehensive international core projects (e.g. WCRP, IOCCP, GOOS, etc) and reporting processes (e.g. IPCC, IPBES, GRAME, MSFD, etc.) for Ocean Sustainability Science and Governance.


TOPIC 1

GEOLOGY, SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION

ORAL SESSION


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Morphosedimentary features and recent depositional arquitectural model of the Cantabrian continental margin and Biscay abyssal plain ERCILLA G.1, IGLESIAS J.1, CASAS D.1, ESTRADA F.1, GÓMEZ-BALLESTEROS M.2, VAN ROOIJ D.3, HERNÁNDEZ-MOLINA F.J.4, JANE G.5, LLAVE E.5, VÁZQUEZ J.T.2, GARCÍA M.1, GARCÍA-GIL S.4, PUGA M.C.6 1 CSIC, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar, Barcelona. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Sede Central de Madrid. SPAIN. 3 Ghent University, Renard Centre of Marine Geology. BELGIUM. 4 Universidad de Vigo, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Vigo. SPAIN. 5 Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Madrid. SPAIN. 6 Universidad de Cádiz, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Cádiz. SPAIN. Multibeam bathymetry, high (sleeve airguns) and very high resolution (parametric system –TOPAS–) seismic records were used to define the morphosedimentary features and investigate the depositional architecture of the Cantabrian continental margin and Biscay Abyssal Plain. The outer shelf (down to 180/245 m water depth) displays an intensively eroded seafloor surface that truncates consolidated ancient folded/fractured deposits. The continental slope is mostly subject to different types of slope failures (slides, mass-transport, mass/debris-flows, and turbidity currents) that have favoured the development of large and small-scale canyons and gullies, open slope systems and apron slope systems. Locally, the upper slope is also subject to the action of bottom currents (the Mediterranean Outflow Water –MOW–) that interact with the Le Danois high favouring the sculpting of a complex contourite system. The Biscay Abyssal Plain represents the channel-lobe transition and lobe zones of the Cap Ferret Fan where mass/debris-flows and turbidity currents occur. The architecture depositional model is complex and results from the remaining structural template and the great variability of interconnected sedimentary systems and processes. This margin can be considered as starved due to the great sediment evacuation over a relatively steep entire depositional profile. Sediment is eroded from the Cantabrian Mountains and transported by small stream/river mountains to the sea. It bypasses the continental shelf and when sediment reaches to the slope it is transported through a major submarine drainage system down to the Biscay abyssal plain. Locally, sediment is also (re)distributed by the MOW. Keywords: Bay of Biscay, geomorphology, slope failure, contourites, turbiditic fan


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Quaternary seismic stratigraphy of the deep depositional systems in the Cantabrian margin IGLESIAS J. 1, 2, ERCILLA G.1, GARCÍA-GIL S.2 1 CSIC, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar, Barcelona. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Universidad de Vigo, Vigo. SPAIN. A very high-resolution seismic stratigraphy of the Cantabrian margin has been defined based on TOPAS (Parametric echosounder). Two seismic sequences, A1b (from the base of the Quaternary –BQD – at ca. 2.6 Ma to Middle Pleistocene Revolution –MPR– ca. 0-9 Ma ) and A1a (from MPR to present) divided into minor order seismic units and subunits, have been characterized in all sedimentary systems making up the continental slope and rise. Those stratigraphic divisions and seismic facies analysis together with the geo-history framework, have allowed reconstructing the Quaternary sedimentary evolution of this margin, in terms of activity of sedimentary processes and their relationship with global climate and sea-level changes and local oceanography. Two major periods separated by the MPR and coincident with the A1b and A1a sequences, have been established. During the first period the predominance of 40 kyr frequency and low amplitude glacio-eustatic oscillations were responsible for poorly starved deep environments with eventual muddy gravitative flows of low density and low erosive character. During the second period, the predominance of 100 kyr and higher amplitude (100–120 m) glacio-eustatic changes have favoured an extensive sedimentation characterized by the alternation of fine to coarse gravitative flows of high density and high erosive character. The minor hierarchy seismic divisions, units and subunits, can be associated each one to an entire cycle of sea level change, though in a different order, higher than 40 kyr and 100 kyr. Keywords: Cantabrian margin, Quaternary, very high-resolution seismic stratigraphy, deep

depositional systems


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Morphobathymetric analyses and recent sedimentary processes of the turbiditic system of the Capbreton submarine Canyon (Sargass Cruise 2010) BROCHERAY S., CREMER M., ZARAGOSI S., GILLET H., HANQUIEZ V. CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC, Talence, FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) The Capbreton Canyon is considered as one of the deepest of the world. Well known in its proximal part (Cirac, 2011; Mulder 2001; Gaudin, 2006), the canyon has not been studied completely yet, from the head to the distal lobes. This study is now possible due to the SARGASS cruise (2010) which occurred on the R/V Pourquoi Pas. The studied area is vast, compound of the distal parts of Celtic, Armorican and Cap-Ferret turbiditic systems, in addition to the entire Capbreton system. The study will focus on the large acquired data set: bathymetry and sea-beam data, Penfeld penetrometer, VHR seismic, SAR-PASISAR profiles and about twenty marine cores. The complete morphobathymetric study of the Capbreton system reveals a course of more than 460 km for 4500 m difference in height, following a regular slope. The bed of the canyon is highly sinuous, lined by abandoned meanders. Numerous staged terraces are present all along the thalweg, grouped by preferential high. The north flank shows a hill which present local difference in height of more than 900 m. It also shows a slide scar of more than 150 km². As for the south flank, it presents a succession of confluing hanging valleys. The sedimentary processes in the canyon are currently studied. In particular, the analysis of the cores located on the canyons flanks and in the middle of its thalweg highlights some pronounced distinct processes. The PP10-17 core shows the sedimentary process of the north margin en records climatic changes. The sedimentation rates is there of 10 cm/1000 years. The PP10-05 core illustrates the sedimentation on the terraces along the thalweg and records a sedimentation rate at least of 180 cm/1000 ans. The sedimentation rate varies consequently with a ratio of 20 from the bottom of the canyon to the top of its flanks. Keywords: submarine canyon, turbiditic system, Capbreton


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Relationship between littoral drift Aquitaine and the head of the canyon of Capbreton: descriptive and numerical approaches MAZIÈRES A.1, GILLET H.1, CASTELLE B.1, GUYOT C.1, MALLET C.2 1 CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC, Talence, FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Bureau de Recherche Géologique et Miniere, Aquitaine. FRANCE. The canyon of Capbreton stands out among others by its deep incision of the continental shelf (right up to the coastline) and its modern turbiditic activity (Mulder et al. 2001). These singularities led to a debate concerning the relationship between the southward Aquitaine littoral drift, and the head of the canyon: (1) The presence of slide scars within the canyon's head suggest that this structure stores the sand supplied by the littoral drift and that the regular destabilization of this stock feed the turbiditic activity of the canyon (Gaudin et al. 2006). (2) Hydrodynamic arguments (wave refraction) and in-situ measurements (radioactive tracer) suggest that the canyon's head rather plays the role of a hydrodynamic barrier preventing the littoral drift to feed the canyon (Abe, 1984; Duplantier, 1976; Froidefond, 1982). Our study combines descriptive approach, bathymetric comparisons (from 1998 to 2010) and modeling: (1) Morphological analysis of the canyon's head confirms the presence of slide scars associated to slided masses. The proximal ramp is marked by two very steep depressions connecting the canyon's head to coastal sediments conduits. (2) Sedimentological analysis of recent samplings shows a clear correlation between the sediments of the head and the sublittoral sediments. (3) Hydrodynamic modeling shows that the currents induced by waves can, under certain conditions, be strong enough to carry these sublittoral sediments at the northeastern lip of the canyon's head. (4) Morphological evolution between 1998 and 2010 is significant, with numerous sediment destabilizations on the floor of canyon's head and strong erosion of its south lip. The proximal ramp, close to the coast, remains relatively stable over this period. In this highly dynamic environment, it seems that the littoral drift sediment supply offsets the loses due to the retrogressive erosion that is going on in the head of the canyon. Keywords: relationship, canyon, Capbreton, littoral drift


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Metal contamination in estuarine sediments of the Basque country (Bay of Biscay): improving quality 10 years later LARRETA J., MENCHACA I., SOLAUN O., LEGORBURU I., RODRÍGUEZ J.G., BORJA, Á. AZTI-Tecnalia, Pasaia. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) Estuaries and oceans are the sink of chronic and accidental wastes from human activities. In addition, many estuaries are located in heavily populated and industrialised areas, having suffered from intense contamination. There are 12 main estuaries in the Basque Country, but only 9 of them, which are located at the Bay of Biscay, were included in this work. Considering the estuarine types determined for the Basque Country, within the Water Framework Directive, Nervión and Oiartzun are classified as an estuary with extensive subtidal areas, Barbadun, Butroi, Oka, Lea, Artibai and Urola, are estuaries with extensive intertidal flats and Deba is a small river-dominated estuary. In general, those estuaries are characterized by being highly human impacted and, depending on the hydromorphological characteristics of the estuaries, sediments and, therefore, the pollutants trapped on them, can remain on the estuary or be released into the adjacent coastal waters. The objective of this study was to compare two exhaustive assessments of surficial sediments, which were carried out within 10 years of difference, with the aim of establishing the contamination degree of the sediments and assessing temporal changes occurred in the considered time period. Thus, hydromorphological characteristics of the estuaries, the characteristics of sediment (particle size distribution, organic matter content, Eh) and metal content (Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, Cu, Cr, Mn, Zn and Fe) were studied. The results showed, in general, changes in the grain size and in the metal contamination level of the sediments along the estuaries. Comparing results in the two considered years for each station, an overall decrease in metal contamination levels was observed in the six studied estuaries. This fact could be related to some of the improvement actions carried out in those estuaries, such as human pressures reduction and new sewage scheme implantation, amongst others. Keywords: sediments, contamination, metals, estuaries, Bay of Biscay


TOPIC 1

GEOLOGY, SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION

POSTER SESSION


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Rock-Eval and Biomarkers signature of sedimentary organic matter from Lake Ichkeul (Northern Tunisia) AFFOURI H.1, SAHRAOUI O.1, BEN MBAREK N.2, MONTACER M.3 1 University of Sfax, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Department of Earth Sciences, Sfax, TUNISIA (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 National Agency of Environment Protection, Centre Urbain Nord, Ariana. TUNISIA. 3 University of Gabès, Faculty of Sciences of Gabès, Gabès. TUNISIA. The vertical distributions of bulk and molecular biomarkers compositions in the samples from a 156 cm long sediment core of the Lake Ichkeul were determined. Bulk Organo-geochemical analysis and molecular saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions were used to characterize the nature, preservation conditions and source input of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) in this sub-wet lake environment. These sediments are represented mainly by gray-black colored silty-clay facies where the carbonate (CaCO3) contents vary in the 10-25% range of the dry Rock. The Rock-Eval pyrolysis results reveal a homogeneous Total Organic Carbon richness (ca. 1% TOC Rock). The low Hydrogen Index (HI<119 mg HC/g TOC) and the relatively high Oxygen Index (OI in the range 360–605 mg CO2/g TOC) are characteristic of a type III of continental origin SOM. The Tmax values recorded for these samples in the 415–420°C are characteristic of immature OM with respect to thermal maturity. The TOC values down core fluctuations were observed which indicates different anoxic conditions besides the source variation. These latter, show three periods of relative enrichment exceeding ca. 1% Rock. In addition, the Rock-Eval S1 and S2 parameters show very good correlation with the HI synonymous of the homogeneous and in situ source of the OM in the Lake Ichkeul. Furthermore, the S2 and HI fluctuation showed three major upward increasing trends characteristic of the different and progressive installation of anoxic conditions in the lake environment. The distributions of steranes, terpanes and aromatics biomarkers show that the SOM is a mixture of marine and continental origin. Significant downcore fluctuations were observed in the patterns of the molecular signature which further indicate that the microbial activity was active in anoxic conditions. Furthermore, molecular signatures of a hypersaline environment have been observed. Keywords: organic matter, Rock-Eval, biomarkers, Lake Ichkeul, Tunisia


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Capbreton Canyon: evidence of its formation by differential sedimentation CREMER M., BROCHERAY S., GILLET H., HANQUIEZ V. CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC, Talence. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) The SARGASS cruise (2010), focused on the major turbiditic systems of the Bay of Biscay, had for particular objective a detailed study of the Capbreton Canyon. The ―deepest canyon of the world‖ shows in its upper part a highly contrasted morphology, characterized by a highly sinuous bed, lined by staged terraces. The presence of abandoned meanders, perched valleys and slide scars argues for a compound incision. The multi-beam bathymetric survey revealed similar features on more than more than 300 km. The thalweg deepens very regularly without any slope break despite the marked sinuosity and direction changes. The north flank forms a sharp escarpment (750 to 900 m) cutting the marginal Landes Plateau, which shows a levee-type morphology between 1500 and 3000 m. Inside the canyon, the best defined terraces are located near the axial thalweg, alternatively on the left or right bank depending on the sinuosity. The seismic cross-sections of the canyon highlight the opposition between the deformed series (Oligocene) in the South, and the highly continuous Neogene series forming a southward divergent wedge on the marginal Landes Plateau. In the axis of the canyon, chaotic facies of high amplitude, appear lately in the full-in. They underline migration of the thalweg towards its current position, excluding the hypothesis of a formation of the terraces by erosion. Contrarily, the configuration of the reflectors is in accordance with a construction of channel-levee type with a progressive increase of the offset between the deposits along the canyon and its banks. The tectonic does play a key role only for the canyon initiation in a structural depression. The idea of an erosion dominated canyon is rejected. Contrarily, a sedimentary equilibrium had been attained within de canyon whereas slow aggradation persists on the edges. Keywords: canyon, turbidite, Bay of Biscay, morphology, seismic


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Morphobathymetric evolution and sedimentary processes in the upper part of the Capbreton submarine canyon: erosion versus sedimentation GILLET H., CREMER M., MAZIÈRES A., MULDER T. CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC, Talence. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) The Capbreton canyon stands out among others by its deep incision of the shelf and its modern turbiditic activity. Hydrodynamic is here dominated by two types of currents: (1) Internal waves which carry fine particles upstream or downstream, (2) turbiditic currents that regularly transfer the particles towards the deep environment. Sedimentary processes in the head and upper part of the canyon are poorly documented. Several clues, including traces of sandy slide scars in the head, suggest that these areas play a major role in triggering downstream gravity currents. However, no modern activity in the upper canyon (10 to 200 m depth) had so far been directly evidenced. Our study is based on the comparison of several sets of multibeam bathymetric datas acquired on the area in 1998, 2001, 2009 and 2010. First results show significant morphological evolutions: (1) In the head of the canyon (15 to 100 m depth): Seafloor has been strongly reworked by successive sands destabilizations followed by refilling phases. Whereas south side experienced deep erosion, the proximal ramp, closer to the coast, appears to be stable. (2) In the upper part of the canyon (100 to 200 m depth): we observe in the meandering thalweg a downstream succession of accretion areas (sandy slides up to 11 m sick) and erosion areas (reaching –25 m). While the higher terraces (+50 m above the thalweg) remain stable, on the lower ones the trend is accretion. These results support the assumption that the modern canyon turbiditic activity is linked to sandy mass sliding from the head to the upper part of the canyon. While the terraces are constructed downstream the canyon by the overflow of turbiditic plumes, they appear to result here from the re-incision of sandy slides confined in the upper canyon thalweg. Keywords: Capbreton Canyon, time lapse bathymetry, evolution, sedimentary process


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Morphosedimentary characterization from multibeam bathymetric research of the complex Avilés Canyon´s system (Cantabrian continental margin) GÓMEZ-BALLESTEROS M.1, DRUET M.1, ACOSTA J.1, SÁNCHEZ F.2, MUÑOZ-RECIO A.3 1 IEO, Sede Central de Madrid. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. 3 Grupo SGMar/Tragsatec, Madrid. SPAIN. A detailed geomorphologic analysis, based on multibeam bathymetry, parametric seismic profiles and submarine photographs, has allowed interpreting the morphosedimentary processes in the Avilés canyon‘s system. The main objectives have been to recognize the detailed seabed morphology and characterize the processes generating these morphological features. Five physiographic domains have been recognized in the studied sector of the Cantabrian margin, corresponding to: narrow continental shelf, complex upper and abrupt lower slope, continental rise and complex canyon system incised from shelf to rise. The continental shelf is generally narrow (15 to 58 km wide) as occur along the Cantabrian margin, feature characteristic of compressive margins. The continental shelf displays an irregular edge and seafloor with many folded and fractured outcrops and deposits as a consequence of an intensive tectonic activity and comprises the flat high (marginal platform) known as Canto Nuevo. The 62% of the continental shelf correspond to sediment seafloor. The upper slope presents a regular variable gradient between 3.2º–25º, and is cut by a complex system of narrow rectilinear gullies. Two major domains have been identified: an eastern domain with a complex physiography between 200 and 3500 m water depth, with a low density of gullies and the noticeable Agudo de Fuera High and La Gaviera hanging canyon; and a western domain down to 500 and 2900 m water depth characterized by a high density of gullies. The lower slope presents a high gradient (14º–73º), displaying a canyon system N-S oriented in its northern flank, and E-W oriented in the southwestern flank. The base of lower slope is at about 4500 m water depth, where the continental rise starts showing two complex E-W channels of flat bottom. The Aviles canyon system, with its tributaries, display from continental shelf where are located their headwalls to upper slope connecting with the continental rise. The sharp pathways changes indicate a tectonic control. The canyon walls are affected by well-developed drainage features that form a network of gullies. Keywords: Avilés Canyon, geomorphology, morphosedimentary features, multibeam bathymetry.


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Upper Oligocene to Quaternary sedimentary evolution of the Cantabrian continental margin (Eastern Bay of Biscay) IGLESIAS J.1,2, ERCILLA G.1, GARCÍA-GIL S.2, VÁZQUEZ J.T.3, PULGAR J.4, FERNÁNDEZ-VIEJO G.4, GALLASTEGUI J.4, CASAS D.5 1 CSIC, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar, Barcelona. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Universidad de Vigo, Vigo. SPAIN. 3 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga. SPAIN. 4 Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo. SPAIN. 5 Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Madrid. SPAIN. Multibeam bathymetry, high and very high resolution seismic records were used to define a new seismic stratigraphy that offers fresh insights into the sedimentary evolution of the Cantabrian continental margin from Late Oligocene to Quaternary. The stratigraphic succession is divided by six main seismic discontinuities, whose seismic divisions are organized into a hierarchy on two different levels: seismic mega-sequences (C, B and A, from older to younger) and meso-sequences (C2, C1, B2, B1, A2 and A1). The facies architecture of the Cantabrian margin is characterized by shelf-margin deposits on the shelf break; open slope deposits locally intercalated with mass-flow deposits and isolated channels (braided and leveed), overspilling deposits, contourite deposits, scar and mass transport deposits, and scar and lobe deposits on the continental slope; and turbidite fans and to a lesser extent facies of scar and lobe deposits and basinal sheet-like turbidites on the continental rise. The sedimentary evolution is divided into three major phases that are conditioned by the main episodes of the regional Pyrenean tectonism: a first active stage (Late Oligocene – Earliest Miocene), a second stage where the activity deceases progressively from sea to land (Mid-Early Miocene – Middle Miocene), and a third quiescent period (Late Miocene – Quaternary). The detailed analysis of the interplay of the Alpine tectonism, global variations in eustasy and regional variations in climate, sediment supply and oceanography (variations in the MOW circulation) with the sedimentary products has permitted the definition of five different environmental scenarios whose detailed analysis has enable to state that the regional tectonics first and the climate secondly are the main drivers controlling the type and volume of sediment supply, and only when regional tectonics becomes quiescent the role played by the sea-level and the oceanography begins to be recognised in the margin architecture. Keywords: Bay of Biscay, high-resolution seismic stratigraphy, facies architecture, sedimentary

evolution, Oligocene to Quaternary


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Sedimentary processes in the Cap-Ferret Canyon (Bay of Biscay, NE Atlantic): from seasonal to century time scales SCHMIDT S.1, DIALLO A.1, HOWA H.2, CREMER M.1, FONTANIER C.2, METZGER E.2,DEFLANDRE B.1 1 CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC, Talence. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Université d‘Angers, BIAF, Angers. FRANCE. The Cap-Ferret Canyon (CFC), a major morphologic feature of the Eastern margin of the Bay of Biscay, occupies a deep structural depression that opens about 60 km southwest of the Gironde estuary. Canyons are often presented as natural conduits for the transfer of particulate matter from the shelf to the deep ocean. Particles are probably not produced locally within the canyon but transported from shallow coastal areas. The age and the frequency of sedimentary processes transporting sediments through canyons are usually unknown. Nevertheless, this knowledge is important to understand the reason for canyons being ―hot spots‖ for biological activity, and how changes in particle supply (quality, intensity) could affect a canyon and its associated productivity and biodiversity. The objective of this work was to characterize sediment transport and deposition within the Cap-Ferret Canyon on seasonal to century timescales using a multi-tracer approach. We report here detailed depth profiles of the particle-reactive radionuclides 234Th (24.1 days), 210Pb (22.3 years) in interface sediments collected from 151 to 3168 m depth in the CFC region during the LEVIATHAN cruise (June 2009). Two bathymetric transects were sampled, along the canyon axis and the southern adjacent flank. We present also particles fluxes recorded from the nearby Plateau des Landes between 2006 and 2011. These results are discussed in order to characterize the present sedimentation framework (bioturbation, sediment mass accumulation, focusing) of the Cap-Ferret Canyon. A first investigation of the CFC conducted early 90's (ECOFER (ECOsystème du canyon de cap-FERet; SI Deep-Sea Research II 46, 1999) serves as a comparison. We confirm the Cap-Ferret Canyon acts as an efficient trap for laterally-advected sediment from the upper continental slope. Keywords: canyon, particulate flux, bioturbation, sedimentation, Cap-Ferret


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Spatial and temporal trace metal concentrations in surface sediments of the Marennes Oléron Bay. Relation to hydrodynamic forcing STRADY E.1, KERVELLA S.2, BLANC G.1, ROBERT S.3, STANISIÈRE J.Y.4, COYNEL A.1, SCHÄFER J.1 1 CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC, Talence. FRANCE. 2 GEO-Transfert, Talence. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 3 IFREMER, L'Houmeau. FRANCE. 4 IFREMER, La Trinité-sur-Mer. FRANCE. Sediments quality assessment is of priority concern to provide a comprehensible overview of ecological and chemical state of an ecosystem. The Marennes-Oléron Bay, hosting the largest oyster production in France, is influenced by the historic polymetallic pollution of the Gironde Estuary. Despite, management efforts and decreasing emissions in the Gironde watershed, Cd levels in oysters from the bay are close to consumption limit (5 μg.g-1 dw). In this context, the aim of the study was to assess the priority metal (Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Cd, Hg, Pb and Th) concentrations in sediment within the Bay, by investigating spatial and temporal distribution variations and the role of hydrodynamic forcing. We selected three sites characterizing different environments and we observed metal concentrations, grain size distribution, bed elevation and wave activities during a year survey. The sampling strategy pointed out both spatial and temporal metal concentrations variability in sediment. Metal enrichments were close to geochemical background. The eastern part of the Bay, largely influenced by the Charente river particulate deposition, presented constant concentrations over the survey. In contrast, in the western part, bed elevation was strongly influenced by hydrodynamic forcing especially wave activities and metal distribution showed constant metal concentrations except very located Cd minor enrichment related to the Gironde influence via the Antioche Strait (north). The southern part was disconnected from the rest of the Bay and showed minor to very located moderately severe Cd enrichment, related to the Gironde water discharges via the Maumusson Strait. The multi disciplinary approach was relevant to characterize the interactions between hydrodynamic forcing on the environment and sediments and their metal quality state which (i) were close to geochemical background over a year for Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Hg and Pb (ii) which presented enrichment of Cd in the western and southern part. Keywords: trace metal, Marennes Oléron Bay, enrichment factor, sediment, hydrodynamic


TOPIC 2

PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

ORAL SESSION


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Mixed layer dynamics in the Bay of Biscay GOUILLON F.1, BARAILLE R.1, MOREL Y.2, VANDERMEIRSCH F.3 1 SHOM, Toulouse. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Observatoire Midi Pyrénnées, LEGOS, Toulouse. FRANCE. 3 IFREMER, Plouzané. FRANCE. This study focuses on the Bay of Biscay mixed layer dynamics. The goal is twofold: 1) to understand which of the vertical mixing, local circulation or atmospheric forcing is the main mechanism that determines the mixed layer depth, 2) to study the seasonal variability of the mixed layer in the Bay of Biscay domain. These two objectives are answered by using available observations, climatology fields, and academic/realistic numerical modeling of the domain. Keywords: mixed layer, modeling, observations, variability, processes


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Trends in ENACW calculated over the period 1975-2006 in the Bay of Biscay GÓMEZ-GESTEIRA M., DECASTRO M., SANTOS F., ÁLVAREZ I. Universidad de Vigo, EPhysLab, Ourense. SPAIN (e-mail: [email protected]) Trends in Eastern North Atlantic Central Water (ENACW) were calculated in the Bay of Biscay over the period 1975–2006 using the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) package. This approach, which reanalyzes data from different sources, allows obtaining information beneath the sea surface on a fine 0.5º × 0.5º grid with 40 vertical layers, providing a complete view of the different hydrographic processes in the area. ENACW, which was associated to salinity and temperature values corresponding to the density interval 27.0–27.2 kg m-3, was observed to warm and salinificate in most of the area at a maximum rate of 0.12 ºC per decade and 0.018 psu per decade respectively, being the trends more intense in the middle part of the Bay and at the northeastern boundary. These changes resulted in a remarkable deepening (more than 40 m in some areas) of this water mass during the last three decades. The origin of the observed changes in ENACW seems to be related to changes in the formation area, on the shelf of the Celtic Sea, where trends were observed to reach a maximum on the order of 0.3 ºC per decade and 0.045 psu per decade respectively. Keywords: ENACW, Bay of Biscay, warming, salinification, deepening


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Surface circulation patterns in the southeastern Bay of Biscay obtained from HF radar data SOLABARRIETA L.1, RUBIO A.1, FONTÁN A.1, MEDINA R.2, CASTANEDO S.2, FERRER L.1, FERNÁNDEZ V.3, MADER J.1, GONZÁLEZ M.1 1 AZTI-Tecnalia, Pasaia. SPAIN (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IH Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander. SPAIN. 3 Qualitas Remos, Madrid. SPAIN. A CODAR Seasonde High Frequency (HF) radar system is operational since the beginning of 2009 for the oceanic region of the Basque Country (southeastern Bay of Biscay). It forms part of the Basque operational data acquisition system, established by the Directorate of Emergency Attention and Meteorology of the Basque Government. It is made up of two antennas, at the capes Higer and Matxitxako, emitting at 4.5 MHz frequency and 40 kHz bandwidth. This system provides hourly surface currents with a 6 km spatial resolution, covering 10,000 km2. The HF radar technology offers many benefits for the Basque Operational Oceanography System such as the: improvement of the knowledge about surface currents and their forcing physical processes, security at navigation, maritime rescue, validation and calibration of both hydrodynamic and pollutant drift models, etc. In this context, the aim of this work is to show the HF radar capabilities, and particularly, its ability to describe accurately surface circulation at different time scales in the southeastern Bay of Biscay. Monthly and seasonal surface circulation patterns are analysed and described for the period 2009–2011. The statistical and spectral comparisons of the surface circulation obtained through the radar technology and the Matxitxako and Donostia buoys (located offshore, between 450 and 600 m water depth) show good agreement between both systems of measurements. The radar is able to reproduce the time evolution of the currents with a reasonable accuracy (r2>0.8 for the Matxitxako buoy); likewise, the main three spectral peaks (inertial, semidiurnal and diurnal) are well resolved. The validation and analysis of the available radar data is providing reliable current measurements with a large spatial coverage and high temporal resolution. This data, together with those obtained with similar systems developed by other institutions, will permit in the near future to improve the current knowledge about the surface circulation patterns both in the Spanish and French waters. Keywords: HF radar, seasonal patterns, surface circulation, Bay of Biscay, Basque Country.


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Seasonal horizontal transport on the shelf and upper slope of the Bay of Biscay from July 2009 to August 2011 LE BOYER A.1, LAZURE P.1, LE CANN B.2, CHARRIA G.1, MARIÉ L.2 1 IFREMER, Brest. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IFREMER, Plouzané. FRANCE. The ASPEX Project aims to document the shelf and upper slope circulation in the Bay of Biscay (BoB), from the south of Brittany to the Basque country. The measurements were collected from July 2009 to August 2011 along 3 cross-isobath sections (Penmarc'h, Loire and 44°N sections) instrumented with 12 bottom-mounted ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers) at isobaths 60, 150 and 450 m. This experiment provides a first estimate of the total global transport over the BoB shelf and upper slope. The transport through the Penmarc'h and 44°N sections is poleward and aligned along the bathymetry. The mean transport across the Penmarc'h section is about 1 Sv while across 44°N it is about 0.5 Sv. This difference is partially compensated by the on-shore transport across the isobaths 450 m. Because of the strong seasonal variation in the data and the seasonal winds, we describe the measured transport in BoB as seasonal circulation ―modes‖. The first EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function) variation mode of the seasonal transport is compared to the first EOF variation mode of the wind. The first EOF mode of the transport mainly describes the Southern and the 450 m variability. Correlations with the wind are about 40%. The strong wind influence on the circulation is surface trapped. This implies vertical shear of the seasonal vertical profile. This is noticeable in summer in front of the Loire River where the wind and the surface flow are equatorward while deeper the current is poleward. Such vertical shears are related to the vertical stratification which can lead to buoyancy driven currents. In summer and autumn, strong current events are associated with an increase of bottom temperature. These buoyancy driven currents are an important part of the total transport on the BoB shelf and upper slope. Keywords: observation, ADCP data, horizontal transport, wind dynamics, buoyancy driven flow


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Ocean response to winter storms in the Bay of Biscay: sensitivity to atmospheric forcing AYOUB N.1, HERBERT G.1, RUBIO A.2, LAMOUROUX J.3, DE MEY P.1, MARSALEIX P.4, LYARD F.1 1 Laboratoire d‘Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales, Toulouse. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 AZTI-Tecnalia, Pasaia. SPAIN. 3 NOVELTIS, Toulouse. FRANCE. 4 Laboratoire d‘Aérologie (LA/POC,CNRS), Toulouse. FRANCE. We study the response of the ocean surface layers to extra-tropical winter storms in the Bay of Biscay using modeling experiments over the years 2008–2009. Our objectives are 1) to characterize the impacts of a strong winds event on surface currents, surface temperature and mixed-layer depth, and 2) to better understand the sensitivity of the ocean response to uncertainties in the atmospheric forcing. We first focus on the storm of March 10–11 2008 in the southern Bay of Biscay. We use a stochastic modeling approach where an ensemble of simulations is generated by perturbing the wind forcing and infer the sensitivity from the ensemble statistics. First results show that different regimes in the shelf and deep ocean are found, with large sensitivities of the sea surface temperature to wind forcing on the shelf. We then analyze the simulated response to storm Klaus (23–24 January 2009) in the southern region, when the model is forced by ALADIN atmospheric variables (Météo-France), and assess the realism of the surface fields by comparing to available observations. At last, we present a comparison with another simulation over the same period (January 2009) but forced by ECMWF fields. Our study is based on the coastal regional model Symphonie, developed at POC/Laboratoire d‘Aérologie (Toulouse, France). Keywords: numerical modeling, storm, sensitivity to atmospheric forcing


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On the variability and forcing of the poleward slope current in the Bay of Biscay RUIZ-VILLARREAL M.1, GARCÍA-GARCÍA L.M.1, GONZÁLEZ-POLA C.2, SÁNCHEZ R.5, LAVÍN A.3, DÍAZ DEL RÍO G.1, PRIETO E.2, CABANAS J.M.4 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. SPAIN. 3 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. 4 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. 5 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz. SPAIN. The poleward slope current along the western and northern Iberian slopes is recognised as one of the main circulation features in the Bay of Biscay. This Iberian Poleward Current (IPC) flows along the western Iberian slope and penetrates in the northern Iberian slopes in episodes called Navidad events (Pingree and Le Cann 1990). From late autumn on, warmer and saltier waters are found in the Cantabrian Sea associated with the eastwards penetration of this current. This current is known to vary on interannual scales, with years of more intense IPC, both on the western and northern slopes. In this contribution, we will concentrate on describing the forcing mechanisms driving the IPC by analysing a combination of oceanographic cruises, moorings, modelling and altimetric data (including coastal altimetry data). We will show that on the western coast, the IPC is mainly forced by the large scale meridional density gradient (Frouin et al. 1990) that varies seasonally and interannually and interacts with the seasonal upwelling. On the other hand, the penetration of the IPC along the Cantabrian Sea is forced by southwesterly and westerly winds inducing an along-shore pressure gradient. Years of intense and sustained downwelling events are associated with average intense penetration of the IPC along the Cantabrian. Recent work has shown that the IPC along the Cantabrian Sea can be recognised in coastal altimetric data (Herbert et al. 2011, Dussurget et al. 2011). We will show Xtrack processed data in periods when subsurface moorings are available on the Cantabrian slope like in 2004 near Ortegal Cape and 2011 off Cape Peñas, and compare with results of a regional model configuration to further assess variability and to aid in characterizing geostrophic and ageostrophic components of the flow. Keywords: slope current, Navidad, altimetry, modeling, atmospheric forcing


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Effect of river runoff on sea level from in-situ measurements and numerical models: the Bay of Biscay LAIZ I.1, FERRER L.2, PLOMARITIS, T.1 1 Universidad de Cádiz. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 AZTI-Tecnalia, Pasaia. SPAIN. Long time series of in-situ tide gauge records and river runoff data have been analysed to investigate the effect of river discharge on sea level along the Bay of Biscay at daily and seasonal time scales. Three main river systems have been considered for this study, representing cases of small (Nervion, 1900 km2), medium (Adour, 16880 km2) and large (Gironde, 84811 km2) watershed basins. Typical storms (percentile 95%) correspond to water discharge rates of 500, 1900, and 5000 m3 s-1 for the Nervion, Adour and Gironde rivers, respectively. The effect of these events on daily mean sea level has been evaluated using two different approaches: (1) through the analysis of tide gauge data time series placed within the river mouths; and (2) through numerical simulations using the ROMS model (Regional Ocean Modelling System). The three selected tide gauges are located at Bilbao (Spain), and Boucau-Bayonne and Port-Bloc (France), respectively. The model was used to set-up a set of process-oriented experiments as well as to conduct realistic simulations. Numerical simulations of storm river discharges corresponding to daily discharge rates of 300, 500, 1000, and 1400 m3 s-1 for an idealised basin produced a maximum increase of daily mean sea level at the river mouth of about 1, 1.5, 3, and 4 cm, respectively. The main area of influence of the selected river discharges extended up to approximately 10–20 km from the river mouth. The effect of river discharge on the sea level seasonal cycle is also under study. The contribution of other forcing mechanisms such as atmospheric pressure, wind and steric anomalies has also been quantified. Keywords: Bay of Biscay, sea level, tide gauges, river runoff


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Altimetric data and ocean model estimations for monitoring mesoscale activity within the Bay of Biscay CABALLERO A., FERRER L., RUBIO A. AZTI-Tecnalia, Pasaia. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) So far, some studies have used altimetric measurements to monitor mesoscale processes; mainly oceanic eddies, within the Bay of Biscay. In turns, hydrodynamic models, such as the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), can be configured and calibrated, for this purpose. There are also some studies devoted to the modelling of characteristic mesoscale processes observed within this area. Although outputs from models are not measurements but estimations, their resolution (in time and space), can be notably higher than that provided by the altimetry. In this contribution, satellite altimetry data together with ROMS model outputs have been used for observing and monitoring mesoscale processes in the southeastern Bay of Biscay. Before that, both products have been compared in order to find the model configuration that best fits to the altimetric measurements, within the area of study. With this objective, climatological maps of sea level and associated geostrophic currents of the southeastern Bay of Biscay, where an anticyclonic eddy periodically appears (around 43–45°N and 1–4°W) have been processed. For the altimetry, 8 years (from 2003 to 2010) of weekly sea level anomaly maps, with a horizontal resolution of 1/3°, have been selected. For the ROMS model, a Cape Breton grid has been developed nested into a coarse grid that covers the Bay of Biscay. The mean horizontal resolutions of these grids were 2.2 and 6.6 km, respectively. Atmospheric data sets, together with oceanographic information, have been used to obtain monthly climatological maps. Results using one-way and two-way nesting techniques have also been analysed; concluding that the first technique approximates better to the temporal variability of the mesoscale processes observed in monthly altimetric maps: for example, the cyclonic circulation that dominates this area from October to February and the anticyclonic eddy that is originated at the end of winter. Keywords: ROMS, altimetry, Bay of Biscay, eddy, mesoscale


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Evolution of oxygen profiles from Argo data in the Bay of Biscay, 2009–2012 ÁLVAREZ M.1, RUIZ-VILLAREAL M.1, RODRÍGUEZ C.2, GONZÁLEZ-POLA C.3, LAVÍN A.2 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. 3 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. SPAIN. In September 2009 three argo floats equipped with SBE43 oxygen sensors were deployed in the center of the Bay of Biscay. Winkler measurements were also taken for calibration. A few weeks after two out of the three oxygen sensors failed. Here we present the complete oxygen evolution from September 2009 to January 2011 from the first deployment area at 46ºN 8ºW to 45.2ºN 13.62ºW (lastprofile) with the aims of: - checking the existence of any bias in the initially calibrated dissolved oxygen values - studying the upper water column production in dissolved oxygen to detect the spring bloom in 2010, quantify primary production and compare it with other methods - studying the evolution of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen in the upper 1000 m in order to detect the formation of SubPolar Mode Water that finally upwells in the northern Galician upwelling area. Keywords: argo profiles, oxygen data, Bay of Biscay


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Trends and anomalies of salinity in the upper waters masses of the southeastern Bay of Biscay during the last three decades VALENCIA V., ESNAOLA G., FONTÁN A., GONZÁLEZ M. AZTI-Tecnalia, Pasaia. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) After the classical ―Great Salinity Anomaly‖ of the 1970s, new almost decadal Salinity Anomalies have been described for the North Atlantic Ocean for the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. The signal of these anomalies in the Bay of Biscay has been described also. A data set of oceanographic and meteorological variables was updated (1986-2011) for the Basque coast in the inner Bay of Biscay, taken from several pluriannual sampling programs of the Basque country. Considering both the average value of the upper water column and the values for sigma-t =27.1, the salinity time series shows anomaly patterns and changes in trend that can be related with changes and anomalies at larger scale. Nominally, strong increase in the late 80s and early 90s; a new maximum in the late 90s with strong decrease until 2005, with salinity values similar to those recorded in the early-mid 80s for the Eastern North Atlantic Central Water (ENACW) . The values of salinity for ENACW registered in the inner Bay of Biscay are the balance of the combination of changes in main areas of formation of the annual winter mode water, the degree of transport into the southeastern Bay of Biscay and, finally, the degree of modification in the inner Bay of Biscay. In this context, the observed anomaly patterns are discussed in relation with mesoscale data, transport indices (Iberian Poleward Current variations and Ekman transport) and regional meteorological variables related with the freshwater inputs into the inner Bay of Biscay (precipitation and evaporation and river runoff). A good oceano-meteorological coupling is observed, especially for the sharpest variations. It would appear that the same climatic regime favoring production and intrusion of saltier ENACW into the inner Bay of Biscay reduces also the modification or freshening, decreasing the precipitation minus evaporation balance and the river runoff. Keywords: salinity anomalies, climatological coupling, river runoff, Bay of Biscay


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TOPIC 2

PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

POSTER SESSION


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Comparison of wind vectors from CCMP and buoy data along the southern limit of the Bay of Biscay ÁLVAREZ I.1, GÓMEZ-GESTEIRA M.1, DECASTRO M.1, SANTOS F.1, CARVALHO D.2 1 Universidad de Vigo, EPhysLab, Ourense. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 CESAM, University of Aveiro. PORTUGAL. The knowledge of accurate winds in near shore areas plays a key role in coastal oceanography. On the one hand, winds determine the existence of coastal upwelling and on the other winds are used to force oceanographic models. Wind data obtained from the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform Ocean Surface Wind Vectors (CCMP) were compared to in situ wind measured by five ocean buoys located along the southern limit of the Bay of Biscay (Bilbao-Vizcaya, Cabo Peñas, Estaca de Bares, Villano-Sisargas, Cabo Silleiro) and managed by Puertos del Estado (Spain). A complete evaluation of CCMP accuracy was carried out taking into account each buoy separately and covering the period 1999–2010. The extent of the series reduces the margin of error and allows disaggregating wind data by velocity bins and direction sectors. The comparison confirmed a better skill of CCMP for wind measurements than other existent wind databases as the widely used QuikSCAT satellite. Statistical results were similar for the five buoys in spite of the different coastal orientations. In average, the RMSE and bias for wind speed was around 2 m s-1 and 0.5 m s-1, respectively. Statistical data were also similar for wind direction, with the mean RMSE on the order of 40º and the mean bias on the order of 5º in absolute value. When disaggregated by wind direction sector, the observed error was lower for the most frequent sectors, which depends on the number of samples per sector. When disaggregating by bin, in general, results were more accurate within an intermediate range (6–12 m s-1). Keywords: wind vectors, buoys, Bay of Biscay


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Oceanographic remote sensing: observing the Earth from space CARRANZA J., LAVÍN A., RODRÍGUEZ C. IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) Oceanographers need the ability to study the oceans as a total system. Oceanographers are using remote sensing via satellites with specialized sensors and measuring devices to provide total ocean surveillance and data on a global scale. The ‗Reception Station of Satellite Images‘ of the Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) – Centro Oceanográfico de Santander receives data from NOAA satellites since 1998 and from MetopA satellite since 2010. Within the framework of different projects (Satellite, Vaclan, Covaclan, Radiales Profundas), the data are an extension of Climate Variability studies that began in 1991 with the ‗Radiales Project‘. The received data are converted and processed to images of Sea Surface Temperature (SST). IMG, DID (format available since July 2010), TIF and PCX file formats are stored in a comprehensive database since 1998 and are available upon request. JPG format images are free available in the official website of the project (www.ieo-santander.net/teledeteccion). Currently we are studying five different geographical areas: NE Atlantic, Portugal, Strait of Gibraltar, the Mediterranean Sea and Canary Islands. Eventually other areas of interest at the request of researchers can be studied, for example in support of oceanographic surveys. With these images we can detect, in addition to Sea Surface Temperature, other oceanographic phenomena of great scientific interest as upwelling, thermal fronts, seasonal temperature cycles, cold water plumes and eddies. Keywords: oceanographic remote sensing, physical oceanography, SST image, coastal upwelling,

NOAA & MetopA satellites


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Non linear internal tides, solitary waves and turbulent mixing in the continental shelf of South Brittany CUYPERS Y.1, BOURUET-AUBERTOT P.1, LUNVEN M.2, SOURISSEAU M.2, VELO-SUAREZ L.2, LOURENCO A.3, PASQUET S.3, LAZURE P.2 1 Université Pierre et Marie Curie, LOCEAN, Paris. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IFREMER, Brest. FRANCE. 3 CNRS, LOCEAN, Paris. FRANCE. In July 2010 the Per2tong campaign was set up in South Brittany (Bay of Biscay) in order to assess the impact of strong internal tides, solitary waves and associated turbulent mixing on the phytoplankton distribution on the continental shelf. High frequency measurements of CTD and currents were performed at two locations (65 m depth and 25 m depth), in addition turbulent dissipation and vertical eddy diffusivity were estimated using microstructure measurements. During spring tide, semi diurnal internal tides evolved into nonlinear fronts and solitary waves at both locations. At the deepest location a large vertical mode 2 response was associated with nonlinear fronts resulting in a splitting of the pycnocline and large overturns. These frontal structures were followed by train of high frequency waves with a few minutes period. At the shallowest mooring vertical mode 1 was dominant and frontal structure and solitary waves seem to result from a more classical steepening process as described in the KDV framework. At both location nonlinear waves were associated with large values of dissipation (ε=10-6 W/kg) within the pycnocline suggesting a strong impact on mixing. Keywords: internal tides, solitary waves, mixing


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Surface meso- and submesocales activity in the Bay of Biscay: using surface Lagrangian advection with altimetric geostrophic velocities to analyze the performance of a regional high resolution model DENCAUSSE G.1, AYOUB N.1, DE MEY P.1, CHANUT J.2, LEVIER B.2, MORROW R.1 1 Laboratoire d‘Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales (LEGOS), Toulouse. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Mercator-Océan, Toulouse, FRANCE. Mesoscale to submesoscale dynamics in the upper ocean are believed to impact ocean dynamics at local to global scales, as well as biological activity. Hence there is a need to improve their simulation in ocean models, as shown by the disparate behaviors observed in various models in the Bay of Biscay (Reverdin et al., 2011). However, observations of these dynamics —mostly from ship measurements— are sparse. This limits our understanding of such dynamics as well as their validation and analysis in model simulations. Surface lagrangian advection with time-evolving altimeter-derived SSH geostrophic velocities was recently shown to reconstruct some of the unresolved fine scale features in large scale 2D passive tracer fields (d‘Ovidio et al., 2009). The 2D ‗reconstructed‘ time series obtained with this advection technique hence offer new possibilities for the study of fine scale dynamics. As a first study, focusing on the Bay of Biscay, we evaluate analyze this technique‘s ability to reproduce fine scale activity, by comparing the reconstructed fields with available high resolution SST data from satellite imagery. Fine scale reconstruction is dependent both on the large scale tracer field used as initial conditions and on the altimetric velocity fields used for the advection. As a subsequent study, we propose a quantitative evaluation of the quality of the simulation of fine scales in a model simulation. We consider a two-year (2008–2009) Nemo ocean model simulation run by Mercator that covers the Bay of Biscay with 1/36th of a degree resolution. For this evaluation, we perform statistical analyses of indexes for small scale activity (fronts and filaments) in both sets of tracer fields. The statistical comparison of the two sets, along with the results of the first study, allow for a discussion of the performance of the simulation with regard to fine scale representation. We discuss and suggest explanations for the regional disparities in the model performances. Keywords: sub-mesoscale, lagrangian advection, ocean model


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River plume dynamics: sensitivity to the river numerical implementation and model grid resolution GOUILLON F.1, BOUTET M.2, BARAILLE R.1, MOREL Y.3 1 SHOM, Toulouse. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 SHOM, Brest. FRANCE. 3 Laboratoire d‘Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales (LEGOS), Toulouse. FRANCE. In numerical models, rivers can be represented as a true mass flux (true open boundary conditions) or as a precipitation bogus (salinity relaxation). These approaches are different since the true mass flux is considered barotropic and adds momentum to the system while the salinity relaxation method is only considered at the surface and does not add any momentum to the system. In the modeling community both approaches are widely used. This study investigates the impact of the choice of the river numerical implementation on the river plume dynamics. Results show that the estuary and river plume dynamics are very sensitive to the choice of the river numerical implementation. For our model configuration it is shown that the different buoyancy fluxes are the main factor that impacts the solution while the river momentum impact on the solution is weak. Original potential vorticity anomaly diagnostics are employed to show how the river-estuary system dynamics are changed through the difference in the mixing rates. Sensitivity tests on the model grid resolution and vertical mixing scheme are performed and show that results are very sensitive to both of those numerical choices. A parallel with rivers present in the Bay of Biscay will also be presented. Keywords: river, estuary, modeling, potential vorticity, mixing


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Numerical modeling of the Adour plume dynamics MARON P., MORICHON D. Université Pau et Pays de l‘Adour, MIRA-SIAME/IVS, Anglet. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) The Adour plume behavior is the result of a complex balance between various mechanical processes governed by highly variable external forcings such as wind and river discharge. This plume dynamics plays an important role in both local and large scales by contributing to salinity and temperature changes, and terrestrial contaminants input. At the biological level, the environmental changes induced by the plume may also generate disturbances responsible for acute phenomena (e.g. the 'Liga') for which explanation are still to be found. The literature on the Adour plume is relatively sparse. Jegou et al. (2001) briefly presented a 3D hydrodynamic model with 5 km large mesh cells to derive the plume seasonal basic characteristics. Based on measurements by video camera, Dailloux (2008) investigated the extension of the Adour plume near the mouth and along the adjacent beaches. More recently, Petus (2009) proposes a comprehensive study based on 246 MODIS satellite images (resolution: 250 m and 1000 m) calibrated in terms of sediment concentrations. This latter study highlighted the high variability of the spatial and temporal Adour plume dynamics. For the conference, we propose to describe our numerical results of the Adour plume dynamics based on the MOHID code (Cancino, 1999). Although a 3D version is still running for operational purpose (EASYCO Interreg project), for this conference we will focus on the 2DH model which is based on the classical non linear shallow water equations with specific source terms (i.e. Coriolis force, wind stress, etc.). We will compare our results with MODIS satellite images for a few specific situations. In these few cases, we will investigate the sensitivity of our solution to variation in numerical parameters (e.g. the total mesh size, resolution at the Adour entrance, etc.) as well as more physical parameters (e.g. dynamic viscosity, friction coeff., etc.). Keywords: river plume, Adour, hydrodynamic suspension, estuarine systems, numerical models


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The critical selection of the wind speed product to estimate the net sea-air CO2 flux in the Bay of Biscay OTERO P.1, PADÍN X.A.2, RUIZ-VILLARREAL M.1, GARCÍA-GARCÍA L.M.1, RÍOS A.F.2, PÉREZ F.F.2 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña. SPAIN (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 CSIC, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Vigo. SPAIN. The accurate estimation of net CO2 fluxes through the sea-air interface is a key factor in our understanding of the global carbon cycle and the prognosis of future climate scenarios. The Bay of Biscay presents a high ability to intake anthropogenic atmospheric CO2 and is a relevant area in the important role that the North Atlantic Ocean has in the global carbon cycle. However, the estimation of sea-air CO2 fluxes are largely dependent on wind speed through the gas transfer velocity parameterization and hence, the selection of these parameters can largely affect the estimations. Here, we quantify uncertainties in the estimation of the CO2 uptake in the Bay of Biscay resulting from wind speed data coming from three different global reanalysis meteorological models (NCEP/NCAR 1, NCEP/DOE 2 and ERA-Interim), one regional high-resolution forecast model (HIRLAM-AEMet) and QuikSCAT winds, in combination with some of the most widely used gas transfer velocity parameterizations. Results show that CO2 flux estimations may differ up to 240% depending on the wind speed product and the gas exchange parameterization. The comparison of satellite and model derived winds with observations at buoys advises against the systematic overestimation of NCEP-2 and the underestimation of NCEP-1. In this frame, QuikSCAT has the best performing, although ERA-Interim becomes the best choice when the temporal resolution is the constraint. The influence of the selection of previous wind speed products in the CO2 estimation is analyzed using pCO2 measurements obtained throughout each transit of the ships of opportunity RO-RO L‘Audace and Surprise that regularly covered the route from Vigo, Spain, to St. Nazaire, France. Keywords: CO2 flux, Bay of Biscay, NCEP, ERA, QuikSCAT


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The Santander time-series section: 20 years of biogeochemical measurements RODRÍGUEZ C.1, GONZÁLEZ-POLA C.2, SOMAVILLA R.3, VILORIA A.1, LAVÍN A.1 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. SPAIN. 3 Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven. GERMANY. As a contribution to the global ocean observing system, the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) carries out a time-series program (Radiales), which occupies monthly oceanographic sections, mainly located over the continental shelf, around the Spanish waters. The Santander section (southern Bay of Biscay) started in 1991, and due to the proximity of the shelf break to the coast the water column can be sampled down to 1000 m (extended to 1500 m in 2006). The comprehensive dataset thus collected of hydrographic and biochemical observations —including dissolved oxygen, inorganic nutrients and plankton— has contributed to the research of recent and long-term ocean variability in the region. Our work summarizes the main results showing the variability and trends of thermohaline and chemical properties superimposed on the different processes operating in the region as coastal upwelling, the poleward current, continental runoff or extreme events as the severe winter of 2005, which produced a deeper mixed layer resulting in an increase of nitrate concentration on surface waters. Besides the traditional methods, new infrastructures have been added: the meteorological and oceanographic buoy Augusto González de Linares (AGL), a mooring currentmeter line, remotely sensed data products (SST), and also an autonomous glider. They have been tested for the use in the area and for gathering information, improving the sampling resolution and allowing the observation of small scale events. Keywords: climatic variability, time series, water masses, biogeochemical


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Numerical model and observations of interactions between coastal shelf tidal front and a barotropic jet SZEKELY T.1, MARIE L.1, MOREL Y.2 1 IFREMER, Brest. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 CNES/CNRS/IRD/UPS, Toulouse. FRANCE. Tidal fronts occur during the summer season on temperate continental shelves with strong tidal currents (Simpson and Hunter, 1974). Recent observations (Sentchev et al., 2012) in the Iroise Sea (shelf sea to the West of France) have shown that the Ushant tidal front is co-located with a tidal residual current, raising questions about the interactions between the temperature front and the barotropic current. An idealised model configuration has been set up, which shows that the vertical motion induced by the divergence of the Ekman transport at the bottom of a barotropic jet acts to re-stratify (resp. de-stratify) the water column on the left (resp. right) side of the jet, thereby enhancing (resp. reducing) the ability of tidally-generated micro-scale turbulence to mix the water column. Keywords: tidal fronts, tidal residual current, idealised model


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Generation and propagation of internal tides and solitary waves in the shelf edge of the Bay of Biscay XIE X.H.1, CUYPERS Y.1, BOURUET-AUBERTOT P.1, PICHON A.2, LOURENCO A.1, FERRON B.3 1 Université Pierre et Marie Curie, LOCEAN, Paris. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 SHOM, Brest. FRANCE. 3 IFREMER, LPO, Paris. FRANCE. The shelf edge of the Bay of Biscay is a region where one of the world‘s strongest semi-diurnal internal tides is generated, with a large impact on mixing in the area. These internal tides experience a nonlinear evolution and break into a train of internal solitary waves (ISWs) when propagating away from the shelf. This was notably shown in previous study based on SAR images and cruise observations. However in situ observations of these ISWs remain relatively scarce. During the oceanographic campaign MOUTON 2008 high frequency mooring data were collected in the shelf edge with the aim to investigate the generation and propagation of internal tides and ISWs. During spring tide, strong nonlinear internal tides and large amplitude ISWs are clearly observed every semi-diurnal tidal period. Surprisingly, although the mooring site is located shoreward of the internal tidal generation location, the seaward traveling internal ties and ISWs are also observed apart from the shoreward propagating internal tides and ISWs. A realistic hydrostatic HYCOM model is applied to identify the role of the interaction between the barotropic and baroclinic tides on the change in the propagation direction of internal tides and nonlinear waves. Keywords: internal tides, solitary waves, advection, Bay of Biscay


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TOPIC 3

PLANKTON AND NUTRIENT DYNAMICS

ORAL SESSION


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Towards an End-to-End model for the Bay of Biscay CHIFFLET M.1, FERRER L.1, MAURY O.2, RUBIO A.1, MACHU E.3, IRIGOIEN X.4 1 AZTI-Tecnalia, Pasaia. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 University of Cape Town, Department of Oceanography, Cape Town. SOUTH AFRICA. 3 IFREMER, Plouzané, FRANCE. 4 KAUST University, Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal. KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA. An end-to-end model is developed for the Bay of Biscay in order to assess the impact of hydro-climatic variability and changes upon the structure and function of the marine ecosystem. First, the regional hydrodynamic-ecosystem coupled model ROMS+N2P2Z2D2 has been implemented in the Bay of Biscay. A 12-years hindcast simulation has been performed, from 1998 to 2009, using 6-hours NCEP reanalysis as atmospheric forcings and considering the daily flow observations of the 20 most important rivers in the regions. In terms of hydrology, comparison of model results to monthly climatologies, in situ CTD profiles and satellite images, using Taylor diagram and metrics (Pbias and RMSE), shows that the model reproduces accurately the seasonal cycle of temperature and salinity in the Bay of Biscay, and local processes. The simulated sea surface chlorophyll-a fits well with observed data from satellite images between 2003 and 2009. Thus, the interannual variability of the productivity is well captured by the model. Nevertheless, the model shows lower developments in rivers plumes on the shelf in comparison to satellite images. However, the high concentrations of suspended particulate matter in coastal waters from river discharges could bias the estimation of surface chlorophyll-a from satellite. This lower-trophic-level model has been developed in order to couple it to the higher-trophic-levels model APECOSM (Apex Predators ECOSystem Model). APECOSM aims to represent the spatialized dynamics of the Open Ocean Pelagic Ecosystem (OOPE). The model represents the energy flow through the OOPE with a size-structured energy flux equation in space, time and weight dimensions. APECOSM is mass conservative. The parameterizations are derived mechanistically and parameters are biological, physiological or behavioural meaningful constants. One of the main characteristic of APECOSM is that the particular structures of regional ecosystems are not prescribed a priori, but are supposed to emerge from the simulated interactions. Keywords: marine end-to-end model, primary production, hydro-climatic variability


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In situ seasonal monitoring of dissolved oxygen in sandy beach CHARBONNIER C., ANSCHUTZ P., DEFLANDRE B., POIRIER D., BUJAN S., LECROART P. CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC, Talence. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) Sandy sediments of tidal beaches are commonly considered as geochemical deserts because concentrations of organic matter and associated reactive compounds are usually low in these environments. But although organic matter does not accumulate in sands of intertidal beaches, these sediments are affected by important seawater fluxes during each tide. During floods, sea water enters sandy sediments, bringing dissolved oxygen and marine organic matter which are both consumed by respiration processes occurring in sands. The aim of this study was to determine how evolved dissolved oxygen in pore waters linked to physical forcing like tide and swell. For that, every 3 months, autonomous sensors were placed a few days into sediment on the Truc Vert beach (Aquitaine, France). Dissolved oxygen concentration (measured with optode Aanderaa), temperature, salinity and pressure were recorded with a high frequency (from 2 to 10 minutes). The data showed large variations of dissolved oxygen concentration in pore waters, with a strong influence of tidal forcing. Furthermore, along the year, dissolved oxygen concentrations were influenced by the intensity of coastal planktonic primary production, which represents the main contribution of organic matter to sandy sediment. Anoxic events were also observed during spring. In conclusion, we evidenced for the first time how dissolved oxygen dynamics in intertidal sandy beaches was controlled by physical (tide and swell) and biogeochemical (respiration) processes. Keywords: biogeochemistry, sandy beach, oxygen dynamics, optode


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Biological regimes in the Bay of Biscay and English Channel SMYTHE-WRIGHT D., BOSWELL S.M., DANIEL A., PURCELL D. National Oceanography Centre, Southampton. UNITED KINGDOM. (e-mail: [email protected]) During the final year of the Pride of Bilbao (PoB) ferry route between Portsmouth, UK and Bilbao, Spain a comprehensive phytoplankton data set was collected based on pigments and taxonomy measurements. The work was in support of the EU project ProTool that aims to develop an automated system for measuring primary productivity from ships of opportunity. Our remit was to provide both biological and physical data for algorithm development. To this aim we instrumented the PoB with the robotic sampling system ‗Marvin‘ that was specifically developed for ‗ship of opportunity‘ operations. The data, not unexpectedly, show that the biological regimes relate to the hydrographic conditions and that, in general, the pigment distributions are indicative of the taxonomy. A predominately diatom bloom was observed in the Bay of Biscay in April, with a mixed population of diatoms, dinoflagellates and cocolithophores off Ushant throughout the Spring and Summer and a very distinctive bloom, which contained a large proportion of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi, associated with the western English Channel front in mid-July. These features have been compared with previous data and it would appear that such distributions are common each year. Keywords: phytoplankton, phytopigments, harmful blooms


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Biological production of volatile halogenated organic compounds in coastal waters of Bay of Biscay MORIN P.1, COCQUEMPOT B.1, WAFAR M.V.M.2, LE CORRE P.1, RAIMUND S.1 1 CNRS-Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Station Biologique de Roscoff. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa. INDIA. Concentrations of 6 volatile halogenated organic compounds (CHBr3, CH2Br2, CHBr2Cl, CHBrCl2, CH2BrI and CH2ClI) were measured at three depths (surface, maximum chlorophyll and bottom) along with salinity, Chl a, density and species composition of phytoplankton and cyanobacterial counts in a grid of stations from estuarine to offshore region in the Bay of Biscay in spring 2002. At Chl a levels <0.7 µg L-1, concentrations of CHBr3, CH2Br2, CHBr2Cl, CHBrCl2 and CH2BrI were significantly related to salinity, indicating a conservative behaviour on the continental shelf. Concentrations of four of these compounds (CHBr3, CH2Br2, CHBr2Cl and CHBrCl2) in samples with Chl a concentrations >0.7 µg L-1 were generally greater than those predicted by the salinity-VHOC regressions, indicating a phytoplankton origin for them. The significant relationships of these anomalies with concentrations of Chla suggested that phytoplankton was the source. Unlike with brominated halocarbons, concentrations of CH2ClI were strongly related to those of cell counts of cyanobacteria. This picoplankton origin for a chloroiodine compound is of interest since these organisms are largely present in open ocean waters where nutrient limitation favours the growth of smaller-sized cells. Keywords: volatile organohalogens, coastal waters, Bay of Biscay, chlorophyll, cyanobacteria


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Short-term dynamics of an upwelling-relaxation event and its consequences on coastal plankton communities (central Cantabrian Sea) NOGUEIRA E., GONZÁLEZ-POLA C., GONZÁLEZ-QUIRÓS R. IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) Upwelling events are frequent in the Cantabrian coast from late spring to early autumn and contribute to enhance the productivity of the ecosystem. A survey was carried out in the central Cantabrian Sea (ca. 43°N 6°W) in May 2010 to assess the effect of short-term hydrographic variability in the distribution of biogeochemical properties and mesozooplankton and ichthyoplankton assemblages. The survey combined an Autonomous Moored Profiler (AMP, WET Labs®) to characterise the short-term dynamics of the water column with a standard sampling strategy approach that included CTD profiles, water sampling and plankton tows. The AMP was deployed at the inner shelf (55 m depth) ca. 5 km of the mouth of the Nalón Estuary and operated uninterruptedly for 4 days, providing profiles of temperature, salinity, fluorescence and transmittance at intervals of 30 minutes. During the survey we captured the process of relaxation of an upwelling event which caused a shift in the local oceanographic conditions with the sudden replacement of a homogeneous water column of upwelled waters by the mid-spring incipient thermocline. Coupled to this shift there was an increase of maximum chlorophyll concentration of ca. 1 order of magnitude and a conspicuous change in composition and size structure of the mesozooplankton, which in one day changed from an Acartia

clausi dominated community (higher that 80%) to another dominated by the large-sized species Calanus helgolandicus and Calanoides carinatus. Also, Sardina pilchardus eggs became increasingly abundant in the coastal area. The fast transition in plankton communities, especially in mesozooplankton, suggests that the increase of temperature in the water column is a consequence of the shoreward advection of more oceanic upper waters water when the upwelling relaxes, bringing onto the coastal area a totally different plankton community in less than one day. Keywords: hydrography, biogeochemistry, river plumes, AMP (Autonomous Mooring Profiler),

southern Bay of Biscay


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Spatial and vertical distribution of springtime zooplankton over the western european shelf and slope from galician coast to ushant front VANDROMME P.1, NOGUEIRA E.2, HURET M.1, GONZÁLEZ-NUEVO G.3, LÓPEZ-URRUTIA A.2, SOURISSEAU M.1, PETITGAS P.4 1 IFREMER, Plouzané. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. SPAIN. 3 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. 4 IFREMER, Nantes. FRANCE. Linking lower to higher trophic levels requires a special focus on the pivotal role played by mid-trophic levels, i.e. the zooplankton. One of the most relevant information on zooplankton in term of fluxes of matter lies in its size structure. We present here an extensive dataset of size measurements covering part of the western European shelf and slope, from the Galician coast to the Ushant front, in the springs of 2005, 2007 and 2009. During these periods, the same operations were made on both Spanish and French surveys for the biomass assessment of small pelagic fish (Pelacus and Pelgas cruises respectively). Zooplankton size spectra were estimated using systematic in situ measurements carried out by means of a Laser-Optical Particles Counter (LOPC). The LOPC counts and sizes particles in the range 100 to 2000 µm ESD at a vertical resolution of about 50 cm, thus covering most of the range of prey available for small pelagic fish. Those particle measurements were corrected using statistical relationships relating size measurement of zooplankton only (samples from WP2 net hauls analyzed with the ZooScan) plus environmental factors. The Bay of Biscay was separated in different areas according to their hydrological features. The main characteristics of the size-spectra (total abundance, biomass, slopes and Pareto exponent, integrated over the water column as well as vertically resolved) are described, highlighting different structure in each area and, for a given area, between years. This extensive data set provides a new look at regional and inter-annual variations of the pelagic ecosystem of the Bay of Biscay. Keywords: LOPC, ZooScan, zooplankton, size-spectra


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TOPIC 3

PLANKTON AND NUTRIENT DYNAMICS

POSTER SESSION


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In vitro simulation of oscillatory redox conditions in sediments of the Arcachon Bay and the Adour Estuary ANSCHUTZ P.1, ABRIL G.1, DEBORDE J.1, BOUCHET S.2, BRIDOU R.2, TESSIER E.2, AMOUROUX D.2 1 CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC, Talence. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 CNRS-Université Pau et Pays de l'Adour, IPREM-LCABIE, Anglet. FRANCE. Experimental results that are environmentally relevant are needed to predict diagenetic processes. For that, we developed a reactor for the examination of diagenetic processes. We present here the results from two independent experiments with sediment slurries from the Arcachon Bay and the Adour Estuary. Slurries and in-situ water were mixed to give a SPM concentration of 150 g/l. Muds were submitted to redox oscillations at tidal neap-spring time scale to assess the transient diagenetic mechanisms that affect N, P, Fe, Mn and S species. The experiments started with one week anoxic conditions. Then oxic conditions were obtained by purging with air. After one week of oxic conditions, anoxic conditions were recovered by purging with N2. From anoxic to oxic conditions: We observed rapid oxidation of dissolved Fe(II). Dissolved phosphorus was trapped with new Fe-oxides. It was totaly titrated in Arcachon sediments, but not in Adour sediments. Because of the strong control of P by Fe, the N/P ratio was never constant and did not reflect the N/P of mineralized organic matter. Mn(II) was slowly oxidized. A major part of Mn(II) was rather adsorbed on new Fe-oxides. In Arcachon sediments, ammonium remained constant in oxic conditions. Nitrate was produced from organic-N mineralization. In Adour sediment nitrate was produced from ammonium nitrification. From oxic to anoxic conditions: a part of newly precipitated Fe-oxides was reduced, another part was trapped with sulfides. Dissolved P concentrations were not recovered. P was probably trapped in an authigenic phase. In Adour sediments, high concentrations of Mn-oxides prevented Fe(II) accumulation. In Arcachon sediments, direct reduction of nitrate to ammonium, rather than denitrification occurred. Anammox probably occurred in anoxic conditions of Adour sediments. Anaerobic production of nitrate also occurred in Adour sediments, probably because of high concentration of Mn-oxides. Keywords: early diagenesis, sediment, redox oscillation, Arcachon, Adour


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Interannual variability of the spawning habitats of sardine and anchovy in Bay of Agadir (Moroccan Atlantic) BERRAHO A., ETTAHIRI O., SOMOUE L., MAKAOUI A., CHARIB S., LARISSI J., BAIBAI T., HILMI K. Institut National de Recherche Halieutique, Casablanca. MORROCO. (e-mail: [email protected]) The spawning habitats of two small pelagic species sardine and anchovy were studied in bay of Agadir (Moroccan Atlantic) from two oceanographical cruises carried out in April–May 2009 and February 2011. The ichtyoplankton (eggs and larvae) samples were collected using a Bongo net of 20 cm in diameter and 147µm mesh sizes. In the same time, the hydrological parameters were measured. Temperature and salinity were measured using a multi probe Seabird 119 and the water samples were collected by Niskin bottles for the chlorophyll and nutriments analysis. Interannual variability is marked by a difference of the spawning amplitude of two species. Indeed, in 2009 the sardine products of spawning dominate largely in the ichtyoplanktonic samples with 45.8% from eggs and 87.8% of larvae, of the total of eggs and larvae count in the area. Contrary in February 2011, it is the anchovy, whose spawning is generally in summer, which dominates with 71% from eggs and 28% of larvae. This can be explained by a change of the hydrological characteristics of the ecosystem. Cores of high concentration of eggs and larvae were identified according to the general circulation in the bay of Agadir in addition to the influence of an upwelling filament in its northern part, where the pattern of circulation allows the retention of a water mass of resurgence. This situation is favourable to an important enrichment in primary and secondary productions and offers a favourable environment for the spawning and the larval development of the small pelagic species, especially sardine and anchovy. Keywords: Bay of Agadir, ichtyoplankton, sardine, anchovy, hydrology


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Spatio-temporal variability of the carbonate system in the Loire outer Estuary BOZEC Y.1, CARIOU T.1, MACÉ E.1, MORIN P.1, THUILLIER D.2, VERNET M.1 1 CNRS-Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Station Biologique Roscoff. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Université Pierre et Marie Curie, LOCEAN, Paris. FRANCE. In the past decade, the coastal oceans have been the focus of several studies highlighting the key role of these ecosystems in the global carbon cycle. However, the role of estuarine plume, the transition zone from inner estuaries to continental shelves, on the global estimates of air-sea CO2 fluxes remains poorly understood. In these ecosystems, the direction and magnitude of air-sea CO2 fluxes is controlled by the net metabolic status of the ecosystem, physical transport and physicochemical dynamics. Moreover, in the context of ocean acidification, it is expected that river plumes and their associated biogeochemical processes will greatly affect pH and carbonate saturation state. Nevertheless, our understanding of the carbonate system in estuarine plumes is still rather rudimentary. Here, we investigate the spatio-temporal variability of the carbonate system in the Loire estuarine plume and adjacent surface waters of the Bay of Biscay. During 2009 and 2010, four cruises were carried out at each season covering a grid of 40 stations from the inner part of the Loire estuary to the outer plume and adjacent waters in an area between 46.5°N 2°W and 48.5°N 5°W. At each station, samples for the determination of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), and a comprehensive dataset of relevant biogeochemical parameters were collected. During spring, and to a lesser extent during summer, the large estuarine plume set up favourable conditions (haline and thermal stratification) for biological DIC consumption in the surface layer whereas respiration of organic matter in the deeper layer increased the DIC values during summer and fall. Winter was characterised by strong freshwater inputs in the entire water column. We will quantify the Net Community Production (NCP) and effect of physical mixing on the DIC distribution and assess the processes controlling the seasonal variability of the carbonate system in the entire area Keywords: Loire Estuary, estuarine plume, carbonate system, spatio-temporal variability


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Response of surface planktonic Cladocerans to oceano-climatic change: investigations at short-time scale in East Atlantic D‘ELBÉE J.1, CASTÈGE I.2, LALANNE Y.3, BRU N.4, D‘AMICO F.3, 5 1 Laboratoire d‘Analyses de Prélèvements Hydrobiologiques, Ahetze. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Centre de la Mer de Biarritz. FRANCE. 3 Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, UFR Sciences & Techniques de la Côte Basque, Anglet. FRANCE. 4 CNRS-Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, Laboratoire Mathématiques et Applications, Pau. FRANCE. 5 INRA-Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, EcoBioP & MIRA, Anglet. FRANCE. The objective of this work is to describe monthly, seasonal and inter-annual trends (including the detection of possible breaks) in species abundance and diversity of planktonic Cladocerans populations in the southern Bay of Biscay. This study is part of a larger ongoing research programme, encompassing different trophic levels from the zooplankton community to the seabirds and mammals communities of this area. Altogether, it is a contribution to quantify the impacts of anthropic-borne and global oceano-climatic changes. From January 2001 to December 2008, 73 surface plankton samples were collected on a monthly basis, from a station located in the southern Bay of Biscay (43°37N 1°43W), near the deep Capbreton Canyon (distance from the coast: 10 NM). Plankton was sampled using a WP2-type tronconic net with 200 µm mesh size. Horizontal hauls were collected at 1 m below the surface. We used a YSI 556 MPS multiparametric probe to measure four hydrological variables: water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and pH. Five of the seven species which make up the cladoceran fauna in the studied area were found: Evadne

nordmanni, Evadne spinifera, Penilia avirostris, Podon intermedius and Pseudevadne tergestina. Each species was classified into the four following stages: non reproducing females, parthenogenetic females (with eggs or embryos), gametogenetic females (with resting eggs) and males. TS diagrams (315 TS values) were done for each species. Biological and hydrological data were confronted to oceano-climatic index (monthly and seasonal NAO, MOCI) and examined at different time-scales with various time series analysis tools, including classical statistical methods and specific methods for short time scale. Penilia avirostris, Evadne spinifera and Pseudevadne tergestina presented preferendum for warm water and high salinity levels while Evadne nordmanni was mainly observed in colder water. Podon intermedius seemed to be non-thermophilous. Specific patterns in seasonal and inter-annual variations in abundance and diversity are also discussed in this work. Keywords: plankton, cladocerans, Bay of Biscay, short time series, oceano-climatic changes


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Ichthyoplankton variability in the estuarine and coastal areas of the Nalón and Villaviciosa estuaries (central Cantabrian Sea) GONZÁLEZ-QUIRÓS R., NOGUEIRA E., GONZÁLEZ-POLA C. IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) The coupling between physical processes and the distribution of ichthyoplankton, mainly sardine and anchovy eggs and larvae, was studied in the year 2010 in the lower estuary and surrounding coastal areas of Nalón and Villaviciosa (central Cantabrian Sea, ca. 43°N 6°W) in contrasting tidal conditions (high and low tide) and periods of the annual cycles of mixing-stratification, biological production and spawning of anchovy and sardine (18–26 May: transient thermoclines, spring bloom and spawning peak of sardine; 19–26 July: summer stratification, nutrient control of primary production and spawning peak of anchovy; 14–23 September: erosion of the thermocline, autumn bloom and secondary spawning peak of sardine). The distribution of sardine and anchovy eggs and larvae varied considerable among the annual periods analysed due to the distinct spawning seasonality of both species, with maxima abundances in May for sardine and in July for anchovy. In September, sardine and anchovy eggs and larvae were almost absent in the coastal area, but were present although at low concentration within the estuaries (Nalón for the case of sardine and Villaviciosa for anchovy). When present at relatively high concentrations, eggs and larvae of both species were distributed all across-shelf, from the lower estuary to the mid-shelf, and their concentration was generally higher in the Nalón estuary and surrounding coastal area than in Villaviciosa. In both areas, however, the concentration peaked in the thermohaline fronts associated with the river plume and was higher during high tide. Our observations suggest a tight coupling between the distribution of eggs and larvae and the dynamics of the river plume. Keywords: mesoplankton, ichthyoplankton, estuarine-coastal domain, southern Bay of Biscay


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Seasonal and inter-annual variability in productivity in relation to winter nutrient concentrations in the Bay of Biscay HARTMAN S., HYDES D., HARTMAN M., SMYTHE-WRIGHT D., JIANG Z. National Oceanography Centre, Southampton. UNITED KINGDOM. (e-mail: [email protected]) A key challenge in oceanography is to capture and quantify processes that happen on short time scales, seasonal changes and inter-annual variations. To address this problem the P&O European Ferries Ltd. Ship ‗Pride of Bilbao‘ was fitted with a FerryBox from 2002 to 2010 and data returned to NOC in near real time (www.noc.soton.ac.uk/ops). This provided near continuous hydrographic measurements along the ferry track, between UK (Portsmouth) and Spain (Bilbao). They include surface water (5 m depth) measurements for salinity, temperature, oxygen and chlorophyll-fluorescence data. From 2003, monthly samples were taken on calibration crossings (for nutrient analysis, carbonate chemistry, cell counts and pigment analysis). In total over 6000 samples were taken for the measurement of nutrients, including nitrate & nitrite, dissolved reactive phosphate and silicate concentrations. The data were used to resolve seasonal and inter-annual variation in nutrients in the Bay of Biscay and to relate this to variations in mixing and primary production. In this region the mixed layer depth, assessed using Argo floats, was found to vary from 300 m in relatively mild winters (such as 2006/2007) to 500 m in cold winters (2005/2006). Deeper mixing was associated with an increase in nutrient concentrations in the surface waters (~ 2.3 umol/kg increase in nitrate). This resulted in higher dissolved inorganic carbon drawdown the following spring indicating higher productivity, further assessed using the high resolution oxygen anomaly and chlorophyll-fluorescence data. The full dataset is available from the British Oceanographic Data Centre (www.bodc.ac.uk). It demonstrates that ships of opportunity, particularly ferries with consistently repeated routes, can deliver high quality in situ measurements over large time and space scales that currently cannot be delivered in any other way. Keywords: nutrients, ships of opportunity, productivity


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Seasonal and inter-annual variations in the carbonate system, biological production and air-sea CO2 flux in the surface Northeast Atlantic (Bay of Biscay) JIANG Z., HYDES D., HARTMAN S., HARTMAN M. National Oceanography Centre, Southampton. UNITED KINGDOM. (e-mail: [email protected]) It is now recognized that there are large seasonal and inter-annual variations in CO2 flux between ocean and atmosphere but the causes are less well known. Improving understanding requires detailed chemical measurements coupled to biological and physical dynamics. In this study, monthly to inter-annual (2005–2010) variations in the surface water in the Bay of Biscay were examined using a combination of FerryBox underway measurements and monthly sampling. The balance of the major controlling mechanisms of the annual biogeochemical cycle varied seasonally. In winter intense convective mixing seen as a deep mixed layer depth (MLD) was the dominant process resulting in the maximum concentrations of DIC and nutrients. Sharp decreases in DIC and nutrients were observed during the spring bloom along with the significant increases in concentration of Chl-a and dissolved oxygen. The ratio of C:N:P uptake was not significantly different from the Redfield stoichiometry during the spring autotrophic production when nutrients were not limiting. The seasonality of pCO2 was characterized by a ‗double-peak‘ annual cycle resulting from the interplay of the biological and temperature cycles. Peaks of pCO2 in summer were caused by the dominance of temperature increases in the stratified surface water. Overall the Bay of Biscay was a sink for atmospheric CO2 (-1.17 and -1.22 mol m-2 year-1 in 2008–2010) with stronger uptakes during in the spring bloom and in early winter, which was related to the air-sea pCO2 differences and wind speed. Inter-annual variability in the Bay of Biscay was strongly influenced by the winter sea surface temperature and MLD which coincides with variations in the North Atlantic Oscillation. The shallower winter MLD and higher winter NAO in 2006/2007 were associated with lower MLD and integrated community production as well as decreases in the annual amplitudes of DIC and nutrients. However, oceanic uptake of CO2 was not lower in the less productive years due to the influence of temperature and wind speed. Keywords: seasonal, inter-annual, carbonate system, biological production, Atlantic


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High frequency measurements of hydrological and biological parameters in the Bay of Biscay and Western English Channel: evidence for a Karenia mikimotoi bloom in July 2010 MORIN P.1, MACÉ E.1, RAIMUND S.1, JÉGOU P.2, AOUSTIN Y.2, SMYTH T.J.3, HOEBEKE M.1, CARIOU T.1, BOZEC Y.1 1 CNRS-Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Station Biologique de Roscoff. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IFREMER, Plouzané. FRANCE. 3 Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth. UNITED KINGDOM. Two new ferry box systems have been installed on Brittany Ferries M.V. ―Armorique‖ and ―Pont Aven‖ since May 2010 and February 2011. Two complementary sampling strategies have been chosen for an optimal spatio temporal coverage of the western European seas. A high frequency spatio temporal sampling is realized with M.V. ―Armorique‖ ferry box along two daily transects in the Western English Channel between Roscoff and Plymouth whereas a spatial coverage of the Western English Channel, Celtic Sea and Bay of Biscay with a weekly sampling is realized with M.V. Pont Aven along transects between U.K., Spain, France and Ireland (Portsmouth and Santander lines, Portsmouth and Saint Malo, Roscoff and Cork and between Roscoff and Plymouth). The two ferries are equipped with the same systems and sensors. Six parameters (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, turbidity and CDOM) are sampled with a 1 minute frequency. Data transmission to the Roscoff data base is made automatically at the arrival of ferries in the ports and data are made available through a website. Data are then transmitted to the Coriolis data center for data assimilation in operational oceanography. Preliminary results from the two ferry boxes will be presented. During July 2010, a phytoplankton bloom has been sampled in the Western English Channel. The phytoplankton species at the origin of this bloom has been identified as the harmful phytoplankton species Karenia mikimotoi. Development of the spring phytoplankton bloom in the Bay of Biscay, Celtic Sea and western approaches of the English Channel will be presented for 2011. Examples from PREVIMER data assimilation for prediction of the temperature, salinity and chlorophyll surface fields in the Bay of Biscay and western English Channel will be presented. Keywords: phytoplankton bloom, Bay of Biscay, Karenia mikimotoi, SST, SSS


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Hydrographic and biogeochemical variability in the estuarine and coastal areas off Nalón and Villaviciosa (central Cantabrian Sea) NOGUEIRA E., GONZÁLEZ-POLA C., GONZÁLEZ-QUIRÓS R. IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) A series of oceanographic cruises were carried out in 2010 in the estuarine and coastal areas off Nalón and Villaviciosa (central Cantabrian Sea, ca. 43°N 6°W) aiming to investigate the short-term variability (from hours to days) of physical (temperature and salinity), biogeochemical (inorganic nutrients and oxygen concentration) and biological variables (chlorophyll and abundance/composition of mesozooplankton and ichthyoplankton) and its relationship with the dynamics of coastal processes. The cruises were designed to take into account different tidal regimes (high and low tide) and phases of the annual cycles of mixing-stratification, biological production and spawning of anchovy and sardine (18–26 May: transient thermoclines, spring bloom and spawning peak of sardine; 19–26 July: summer stratification, nutrient control of primary production and spawning peak of anchovy; 14–23 September: erosion of the thermocline, autumn bloom and secondary spawning peak of sardine). Three complementary approaches were applied for the acquisition of data: 1) sampling on a grid of oceanographic stations located within the estuaries and in the surrounding coastal areas by means of automatic sensors (CTD, fluorescence and oxygen probes) integrated in a rosette sampler and plankton hauls; 2) continuous profiling (every 30 to 120 minutes) using an Autonomous Moored Profiler (AMP) deployed in the vicinity of the mouth of the Nalón estuary (ca. 43°36.6‘N 6°2.1‘W; 1 nm eastward from the mouth; 55 m depth in low water); and 3) continuous underway measurements at the surface during transits using the on board thermosalinograph / fluorometer. The sampling strategy allowed us to characterise the variability of the analysed variables and to relate it with the dynamics of coastal processes, such as tidal regime, diel changes in the mixed layer depth (MLD), river plumes, thermohaline fronts and coastal upwelling events, in the micro-to-mesoscale range (hours-days/cm-km) and contextualised in the seasonal cycle. Keywords: hydrography, biogeochemistry, estuarine-coastal domain, southern Bay of Biscay


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Impact of river input and hydrodynamics on spatial and temporal variability of primary production along the French coast of English Channel and Gulf of Gascogne SOURISSEAU M., SIBERT V., ROGÉ M., DUMAS F. IFREMER, Brest. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) This study presents a coupled bio-physical model in the English Channel – Gulf of Gascogne region. The 3D biogeochemical model (EcoMars3D) was chosen to qualify/quantify the chlorophyll a and primary production variability over a period covering 7 years, from 2001 to 2007. These simulations were confronted to field (climatology) data for nutrient and chlorophyll a and to satellite data for surface chlorophyll a. We emphasized our research on the importance of river input and physical processes (winds, currents) along the coastal area on the seasonal as well as inter-annual variability. At the basin scale, the spatial variability was well represented with, in general, a correct timing of the phytoplankton bloom. The chlorophyll a range of values was also respected. Moreover, the model reproduced the inter-annual variability between years showing different hydrodynamical (river input, winds) conditions. For example, the year 2001 was characterized with high river input on the system on comparison to 2002, a much more dry year. As a result, simulated (as well as observed) surface chlorophyll a biomass was significantly higher in 2001 compared to 2002. As well, the cumulated primary production for the whole basin was also higher in 2001 than 2002 by 15–20%. This first long simulation thus permitted to evaluate the general behavior of this biogeochemical model in a complex system. Keywords: river input, spatio-temporal variability, taylor diagram, chlorophyll a, biogeochemical

model


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TOPIC 4

BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEMS

ORAL SESSION


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Functional diversity on the nursery habitats of the Bay of Biscay: a methodological framework

BRIND'AMOUR A., ROCHET M.J. IFREMER, Nantes. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) Traditional structural metrics of biodiversity (species richness, evenness of the community) consider that all the species within a community are equally different and thus functionally interchangeable. Ecological communities are composed of species that may have different biological roles or respond differently to various pressures, yet their substitution is unlikely realistic. A family of biodiversity indices, the functional-based indices, is measured by the range of species traits (morphological or ecological) in a community and therefore includes the species functional identity in the diversity measure (Functional Diversity, FD). It has been suggested that communities and ecosystems with large values of FD will operate more efficiently in terms of productivity, resilience, and resistance to invaders. The choice of relevant biological traits (morphological and behavioral) represents a decisive step in assessing the FD of a community. Yet, only the traits that are related to the function or the pressure under study should be considered in the analyses. We are proposing a methodological framework that allows to empirically choosing the relevant morphological and biological traits that significantly structure the community. That methodology is based on a three-matrix approach (species*sites, species*traits, sites*environment) allowing direct assessment of the relationship between groups of biological traits and the function (or pressure) under study. Once the traits are selected, one can estimate the functional diversity using a distance-based index weighted by species abundance. Concurrently to the proposal of the methodological framework, the present study aimed to assess the functional diversity in six coastal habitats along the Bay of Biscay. We targeted the nursery function provided by coastal habitats. Preliminary analyses conducted on data collected yearly between 2000 and 2003 indicated differences in the number and composition of functional traits across the nurseries. The FD estimated in the different nurseries seem to be correlated with the degree of anthropogenic pressure. Keywords: biological traits, coastal communities, functional diversity, nurseries, three-matrix

approach


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Estuarine connectivity: assessing species vulnerability to global change CHUST G.1, ALBAINA A.2, ARANBURU A.1, BORJA Á.1, DIEKMANN O.E.3, ESTONBA A.2, FRANCO J.1, GARMENDIA J.M1., IRIONDO M.2, RENDO F.2, RODRÍGUEZ J.G.1, RUIZ-LARRAÑAGA O.2, MUXIKA I.1, VALLE M.1 1 AZTI-Tecnalia, Pasaia. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Universidad del País Vasco, Dpto. Genética, Antropología Física y Fisiología Animal, Bilbao. SPAIN. 3 CCMAR-CIMAR, University of Algarve, Gambelas, Faro. PORTUGAL. One of the main adaptation strategies to global change scenarios, aiming to preserve ecosystem functioning and biodiversity, is to maximize ecosystem resilience. The resilience of a species meta-population can be improved by facilitating connectivity between local populations, which, in turn, will prevent from demographic stochasticity and genetic inbreeding. The main objective of this investigation is to estimate the degree of connectivity among the structural estuarine species along the Basque coast (south-eastern Bay of Biscay), in order to assess community vulnerability to downscaled global change scenarios. The main climate change projections within the Basque estuaries throughout the 21st century is also reviewed: sea level rise (29–49 cm), warming of surface air (especially heat wave episodes), sea warming (1.5–2.0 ºC), and the intensification of extreme daily rainfall of 10%. To address the objective, two proxies of connectivity have been used based on genetic and ecological drift processes, respectively: 1) molecular markers for the bivalve cockle (Cerastoderma edule) and seagrass Zostera noltii, and 2) neutral biodiversity theory prediction on the decrease of species similarity with geographic distance in estuarine plants and macroinvertebrates. Our findings suggest that saltmarsh plants and seagrass beds are especially vulnerable to expected changes because of their dispersal limitation in both overall community and Z. noltii populations. In contrast, estuarine soft-bottom macroinvertebrates did not present a spatial structure and C. edule is a unique panmictic population in the area; therefore, estuarine soft-bottom macroinvertebrates with planktonic larval dispersal strategies may have a high resilience capacity to moderate changes within their habitats. Keywords: connectivity, Zostera, Cerastoderma, estuary, climate change


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Ecological classification of rocky shores at a regional scale based on coastal physical attributes RAMOS E., PUENTE A., JUANES J.A. IH Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) Several Directives and International Conventions require the use of different coastal water classifications in order to standardize the ecological management of these systems. So, ecological classification of coastal waters has become increasingly important as one of the major issues in ecosystems assessment. As shown in several studies, the use of abiotic variables seems to be a suitable alternative of biological data for classifying coastal areas at a broad scale. To accomplish that goal, a quantitative classification approach was launched along the North and Northwest Spanish coast. A selection of physical variables (temperature, exposure, tidal range and radiation) was made according to their ecological meaning based on a statistical approach. The coastline was subdivided into forty one 20 km stretches and physical variables were calculated in front of each stretch at a constant depth of 150 m. This information was based on satellite data and mathematical modeling of natural coastal processes. Multivariate statistical analyses were performed to obtain alternative physical typologies. In order to validate these alternative classifications 21 sites along the study area were simultaneously and homogeneously sampled, covering the whole range of physical typologies. Intertidal macroalgae identification was made in each of ten 50x50 cm quadrats for 2–3 transects per site, following a stratified sampling procedure. Coverage of macroalgae was obtained by photography analysis. The physical classification shows a first division in two main groups separated at Peñas Cape, which can be subdivided in a maximum of seven subgroups (4 in the West coast and 3 in the East). Statistical analyses confirm the ecological meaning of the eastern and western physical groups, while the central groups present a less clear pattern being a transition area. Keywords: ecological classification, coastal waters, intertidal macroalgae, abiotic data, North Spain


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Recruitment and growth of Pollicipes pollicipes on the coast of Cantabria (Gulf of Biscay, N Spain). Considerations for management GUTIÉRREZ-COBO M.B, BIDEGAIN G., SILIÓ A., GUINDA X., JUANES J.A. IH Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) The gooseneck barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes constitutes a very valuable shellfish resource along the Southern Biscay Golf. In order to improve the sustainable exploitation of the populations of this crustacean, management should be based on both the recruitment capacity and the growth patterns. Within this context, the aim of the present study is to estimate the recruitment and growth patterns of the gooseneck barnacle on the coast of Cantabria (N Spain). For this purpose, up to 230 individuals were randomly harvested at monthly intervals, from January to December 2011, from aggregates colonizing on intertidal exposed rocky shore. Sampling was carried out during spring tides cycles, at two different tidal levels. Two index of recruitment were calculated based on the number of cyprids and juveniles that were attached to adults. In addition, trying to explain the recruitment variability between different zones, satellite data of sea surface temperature (collected from 1985 to present) were used to analyse the local thermal singularities (gradients and anomalies, upwelling intensities and frequencies). On the other hand, in situ length measurements (rostro-carina) of juvenile, pre-adult and adult individuals from two different aggregates were carried out at similar intervals for growth estimates. Recruitment of Pollicipes pollicipes was not very intense and it showed a maximum in autumn and on the lower intertidal level. The great majority of recruits were attached to the lower part of the adult stalk. The growth rate for juveniles was 0.8 mm/month whereas for adults was 0.4 mm/month. Based on these results, some managing specific guidelines are presented. This project was supported by the Department of Livestock, Fisheries and Rural development from the Regional Government of Cantabria Keywords: Pollicipes pollicipes, recruitment, growth


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Distribution pattern of the intertidal macrobenthic communities in the Gironde Estuary (France): abundance, diversity, biomass and structuring factors LUCIA M., BACHELET G., LECONTE M., BLANCHET H. CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC, Arcachon. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) The intertidal macrobenthos of the Gironde estuary (SW France) was quantitatively sampled in January–February 2005 in 12 stations on both banks of the estuary and the distribution of species was related to the main environmental factors (water salinity, sediment grain size and tidal level). Abundances varied between 964 and 10,763 ind. m-² with an average of 6,165 ± 3,261 ind m-2. Biomass was highly variable with values ranging from 0.127 to 16.2 g AFDW m-² with an average of 2.23 ± 4.55 g AFDW m-2. Biomass was dominated by annelids and especially molluscs such as Scrobicularia plana, but was low in comparison to other estuaries. Abundance reached its maximum in the mesohaline area and biomass in the meso-polyhaline area. The number of species increased with salinity especially on the eastern bank. A decrease in species richness and abundance in the extreme downstream station sampled on the western bank was observed as a consequence of the construction of harbour infrastructure resulting in a modification of the sediment type. Comparison of 2005 and 1992 data showed a similarity in communities between the two sampling years except in the station impacted by the construction of the harbour. Communities were mainly distributed along a longitudinal gradient due to salinity factor. Indeed, 3 main assemblages were associated to oligohaline, transitional and polyhaline areas. Salinity also displayed an important role for quantitative parameters (abundance, biomass, species richness). Sediment type represented a secondary parameter in the distribution of taxa because of the presence of muddy sediment in almost all intertidal stations. Tidal level represented a minor factor with no clear pattern. This study is a picture of winter state of macrobenthic intertidal communities when the fauna is in a period of pre-recruitment.

Keywords: macrobenthos, tidal flats, Gironde Estuary, environmental factors

mailto:[email protected]


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Zooplankton and fish species variability in the Gironde Estuary under the influence of large-scale climate variability CHAALALI A.1, BEAUGRAND G.2, BOËT P.3, SAUTOUR B.1 1 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux 1, EPOC, Arcachon. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Station Marine de Wimereux. FRANCE. 3 Irstea, Unité Ecosystèmes estuariens et Poissons migrateurs amphihalins, Cestas Gazinet. FRANCE. Global warming has become undeniable in recent years. Because of the importance of temperature on biological and physiological processes, the impacts of global change on marine and coastal ecosystems are now well documented. Changes concern all biological compartments from phytoplankton to top predators and modify the biodiversity, acting on the global structure and functioning of these ecosystems. Regarding the diversity of long-term changes in the marine and in the continental realm, it is logical to wonder about the response of interface areas. The Gironde Estuary considered the largest South-Western European estuary covers an area of 625 km2 at high tide. This transition zone between marine and freshwater environments is formed by the junction of the Garonne and the Dordogne rivers. This macrotidal estuary is characterized by a strong spatiotemporal variability of environmental parameters, modulating the biological response. In this contribution, we propose to assess some strong relations and synchronisms between time series of large-scale atmospheric patterns and biological parameters (i.e. phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish compartments) using a multivariate approach. The ecological consequences of the processes pointed out are also being discussed.

Keywords: Gironde Estuary, long-term study, climate change, zooplankton, fish


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Adding value to historical underwater video data for the study of subtidal macroalgae communities. DE UGARTE A., JUANES J.A., GUINDA X., PUENTE A. IH Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) According to European regulations, coastal reefs constitute a well represented habitat in the Biscay Gulf, which conservation requires a better knowledge. However, due to the difficulties and elevated costs associated with working in sublittoral rocky zones, works related to coastal reefs have often been limited to the intertidal fringe. Macroalgae constitute a key element in coastal reef ecosystems. They respond to physical, chemical and biological factors with changes in their composition and abundance. These responses have been increasingly used for the study of main questions such as the impact of anthropogenic pressures or climate change effects. In this sense, for a correct application of biological indices or for the analysis of spatial-temporal variations, it is essential to improve the knowledge about macroalgae responses to environmental conditions. The scarcity of data regarding subtidal macroalgae make necessary to obtain information from all the possible sources. In this work, 54 underwater videos, recorded in 2002 along the 200 km of the coast of Cantabria (N Spain), have been used in order to extract historical information of macroalgae communities between 0–15m depth. Fragments of 5 seconds video transects were used as sample units and three replicates were systematically distributed at three depth ranges (<5m, 5–10m and 10–15m). The recorded data included visual estimations of main species coverage‘s, as well as substrate structure and topography corresponding to each of the sample units. Spatial distribution along the coast was also studied considering three longitudinal zones. The obtained results indicate that Gelidium corneum and Cystoseira baccata constitute the dominant species, with a high presence of Laminarians. The composition and abundance of macroalgae communities varied significantly with depth, substrate structure, topography and coastal zones. The results are compared with other studies carried out in the region in order to analyze spatial-temporal variations.

Keywords: macroalgae, distribution, underwater videos, environmental factors, spatial-temporal

variability



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Hydrologic variability in the southeastern Bay of Biscay over the Holocene GARCÍA J.1,2, HOWA H.1,2, MOJTAHID M.1, SCHIEBEL R.1

1 Université d‘Angers, BIAF, Angers. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Station Marine de l‘Ile d‘Yeu, LEBIM, l‘Ile d‘Yeu. FRANCE. The south-eastern part of the Bay of Biscay has been under the combined influence of different water bodies, i.e., the Eastern North Atlantic Central Water (ENACW), Iberian Poleward Current (IPC), Mediterranean Outflow Water, and continental inputs. Benthic and planktic foraminiferal assemblages from a sediment core (2000 m depth, 44°33′N 2°45′W) were analyzed to study the possible changes in the hydrology of the SE Bay of Biscay over the Holocene. The first part of the record (11.3–7 kyrs BP) is composed of laminated sediments that could results of high river plume input and/or strong bottom currents. The presence of eutrophic benthic foraminiferal species corroborates this assumption. At ~7 kyrs BP, the sediment became bioturbated and deep infaunal oligotrophic benthic foraminifera occurred. The benthic foraminiferal composition remained largely unchanged until ~1.2 kyrs B.P. Between 1.2–0.4 kyrs BP, an increase of benthic foraminiferal densities and opportunistic species indicates more eutrophic conditions. Thereafter, the relative abundance of agglutinated species increased while opportunistic taxa decreased, perhaps reflecting reduced lability of organic matter input. Surface hydrological conditions are reflected by planktic foraminifera. Between 11.3–9.3 kyrs BP, the fauna composition changed from cold to temperate/subtropical species, thus recording the transition from late Younger-Dryas to warm early Holocene conditions. Around 4.2 kyrs BP, O. universa declined and was replaced by G. ruber. The change may reflect varying hydrological influences of ENACW and IPC according to a more positive or negative NAO index in a global context of warm environmental conditions. Then a general cooling of surface waters is recorded. From ~1.2 kyrs BP, the record could be divided into three consecutive events: 1) enhanced ENACW and enhanced temperature recorded by O. universa and N. incompta, 2) increase nutrients input and the presence of G. glutinata and G. inflata, 3) colder surface waters and upwelling events with a relative increase of G. scitula and G. bulloides. Keywords: Holocene, Bay of Biscay, foraminifera, north eastern Atlantic current; Iberian poleward

current



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Mapping European seabed habitats in the Atlantic area for a better management GALPARSORO I.1, POPULUS J.2, FOSSECAVE P.3, FREITAS R.4, GONÇALVES J.M.S.5, HENRIQUES V.6, MCGRATH F.7, SANZ ALONSO J.L.8, DA SILVA AMORIM P.A. 9, TEMPERA F.9 1 AZTI-Tecnalia, Pasaia. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IFREMER, Plouzané. FRANCE. 3 IMA, Bayonne. FRANCE. 4 University of Aveiro, Aveiro. PORTUGAL. 5 University of Algarve, Faro. PORTUGAL. 6 IPIMAR, Lisbon. PORTUGAL. 7 Marine Institute, Galway. IRELAND. 8 IEO, Sede Central de Madrid. SPAIN. 9 University of Azores, Horta. PORTUGAL. To properly design their policies and apply their directives (mainly Habitat and Marine Strategy) Member States and the European Commission alike are dramatically lacking information about the marine environment, of which seabed habitats are an integral part. MeshAtlantic project (Atlantic Area Transnational Cooperation Programme 2007–2013 of the European Regional Development Fund), aims to provide a harmonised seabed habitat map of the coastal and shelf areas of the Northeast Atlantic in order to aid the development of sustainable management plans at both regional and European levels. The MeshAtlantic project involves a team of eleven partners from institutions in the Atlantic area countries (France, Ireland, Portugal and Spain). First step was the collation of global broad-scale maps of those variables which are taken into account in the EUNIS habitat classification. Maps of bathymetry, light penetration, substrate type distribution and sediment type classification, together with wave energy distribution were considered. Finally, using GIS procedures and habitat modelling approaches, abiotic maps will be combined to produce the final broad-scale habitat EUNIS habitat maps. Moreover, the results obtained in the case study surveys, will be used to contribute in the development of the EUNIS habitat classification for the southern European marine regions. The knowledge and information produced on the broad scale distribution of habitats will improve the quality of maritime spatial plans for the growing, sea-based economy in the Atlantic area. Keywords: benthic habitat mapping, EUNIS habitat classification, habitat modelling



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Modelling and mapping the local distribution of communities and species of special interest on the Le Danois Bank (El Cachucho MPA) GARCÍA-ALEGRE A.1, SÁNCHEZ F.1, GÓMEZ-BALLESTEROS M.2, HINZ H.3, SERRANO A.1,PARRA S.4 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Sede Central de Madrid. SPAIN. 3 School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge. UNITED KINGDOM. 4 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña. SPAIN. The high vulnerability and low resilience of deepwater benthic species and habitats has brought to the forefront of conservation management the necessity of protecting these areas. Due to the high complexity of deep-sea ecosystems and the difficulties of surveying them, new techniques to optimize the data were necessary to improve the understanding of these ecosystems and therefore develop appropriate conservation and management strategies. The case study presented here is based on data from ECOMARG multidisciplinary surveys carried out in the Le Danois Bank (El Cachucho MPA). These surveys created a representative view of the area of study. Classical fishing gears (otter trawl and beam trawl) were used to sample benthic communities that inhabit sedimentary areas and non-destructive visual sampling techniques (ROV and photogrammetric sled) were used to determine the presence of epibenthic macrofauna in complex and vulnerable areas. Multibeam data, high resolution seismic profiles (TOPAS system) and geological data from the box-corer generate useful information for the characterization of the benthic terrain. ArcGis software was used to produce high resolution maps (75x75 m) of such variables on the entire area. Maximum Entropy technique (MAXENT) was used to process this data and create Habitat Suitability maps for seven species and three communities of special conservation interest. The model used seven environmental variables (depth, rugosity, aspect, slope, Bathymetric Position Index (BPI) in fine and broad scale and morphosedimentary interpretation) to identify the most suitable habitats for such species and indicates which environmental factors determine their distribution. The seven species models performed highly significantly better than random (p<0.0001; Mann-Whitney test) when Area Under the Curve (AUC) values were tested. This indicates that the environmental variables chosen are relevant to the distinction of the distribution of these species. Keywords: Le Danois Bank, El Cachucho MPA, MAXENT, spatial modelling, habitat mapping


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A comparative study of the macrobenthic infauna of two bathyal Cantabrian Sea areas: Le Danois Bank and the Avilés Canyon LOURIDO A.1, PARRA S.1, FERNÁNDEZ J.1, VÁZQUEZ C.1, VALENCIA J.1, PÉREZ C.1, SÁNCHEZ F.2 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. Over the course of 2003 and 2004 some multidisciplinary studies were carried out in Le Danois Bank (Cantabrian Sea, N Spain) under the ECOMARG project. This area is a marginal shelf composed of a nearly flat surface of 450–600 m depth with a slight slope towards the coast. The Avilés Canyon region (Cantabrian Sea, N Spain) constitute a complex system of tributary canyons that flows into the main one. In 2010 and 2011 two oceanographic surveys, which are included in the INDEMARES (LIFE+) project, were carried out to investigate species and habitats of this area. The soft-sediments and infaunal communities of these two deep-sea ecosystems were sampled using a box corer, and an additional sediment sample was taken at each station to analyze the granulometric composition and organic matter content. In terms of infaunal total abundance, the two areas had a similar distribution pattern, where numerical dominance decreased with depth. Le Danois Bank reached the highest values of individuals around 600 meters deep, while the lowest values were recorded in the muddiest and deepest stations of the inner basin. The Avilés Canyon showed the highest numerical abundance under 500 meters deep, and the lowest values were reached around 1000 meters deep. The top of Le Danois Bank was dominated by the Paraonidae and Syllidae polychaetes, followed by molluscs (characterized by the large number of bivalves) and crustaceans (dominated by isopods and amphipods), while the highest abundances in the bank internal basin were recorded by the Onuphidae polychaetes and crustaceans (amphipods and cumaceans). In the Avilés Canyon the polychaetes dominated at deep, medium, and shallow depths (mainly due to the numerical dominance of Paraonidae, Spionidae and Ampharetidae families), followed by molluscs (mainly bivalves) and crustaceans (amphipods). Keywords: Le Danois Bank, Avilés Canyon, macrobenthic infauna, soft-sediments, bathyal


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Habitat characterisation of deep-water coral reefs on the La Gaviera Canyon (Cantabrian Sea) SÁNCHEZ F.1, GÓMEZ-BALLESTEROS M.2, GONZÁLEZ-POLA C.3, CRISTOBO J.3, GARCÍA-ALEGRE A.1, RÍOS P. 3, MUÑOZ-RECIO A.4, PARRA S.5, DRUET M.2, ALTUNA A.6, SERRANO A.1, LOURIDO A.5, ACOSTA J.2 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Sede Central de Madrid. SPAIN. 3 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. SPAIN. 4 Grupo SGMar/Tragsatec, Madrid. SPAIN. 5 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña. SPAIN. 6 INSUB, San Sebastián. SPAIN The La Gaviera Canyon is located in the complex Aviles Canyon´s system, whose study is currently being carried out by the INDEMARES project. Within the main objective of the project of identifying habitats and biological communities, notable deep-water coral reefs have been found at La Gaviera. On this study we try to understand why this deep-sea canyon may provide suitable environmental conditions for corals growth. This hanging canyon is characterized to present an irregular floor in U shape with two narrow differentiated flanks. In the canyon floor is observed sandy ripples and rocky outcrops structured in diverse W–E directed steps, suggesting intense hydrodynamical activity. Accordingly, high-frequency near-bottom current and thermal structure profiles revealed the arrival thermal fronts (bores) at each tidal cycle, causing the sudden enhancement of along-axis velocities over 50 cm/s and vertical velocities over 5 cm/s. A year-long near bottom current record showed events with near-bottoms velocities well over 1 m/s lasting for several days. Two cold-water coral settings were distinguished: a dense coral reef located on steeped rocky bottoms of Eastern flank and carbonate mounds (20–30 m high) located on canyon floor. Video and still images verify the presence of dropstones and rippled sand sheets surrounding the mounds and emphasize changes in the coral population (live or death; total or patchy coverage) on coral-reef and carbonate mounds areas. The dominant species of the reef are Madrepora oculata and Lophelia

pertusa that considerably increases the habitat´s complexity and the biodiversity in relation to others facies described in the canyon. The cold-water corals occur just beneath the physical boundary between the Eastern North Atlantic Central Water (ENACW) and the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW). Also, the canyon setting where living corals have been observed is located in water density range of 27.30–27.60 kg m-3 which is in accordance with the potential density values for cold-water coral distribution in the northern Atlantic margin. Keywords: Aviles Canyon, cold-water corals, carbonate mounds, Cantabrian Sea, Lophelia pertusa.


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Deep sea benthic assemblages of the Galicia Bank: effects of seamount environmental variables SERRANO A.1, PUNZÓN A.1, RÍOS P.2, CARTES J.E.3, VALEIRAS J.4, LOURIDO A.5, ARRONTE J.C.1, CRISTOBO J.2, BAÑÓN R.6, PAPIOL V.3, PARRA S.5, SÁNCHEZ F.1, FRUTOS I.1, GARCÍA-ALEGRE A.1, PRECIADO I.1, BLANCO M.1, LUQUE A.7, GOFAS S.8, OREJAS C.1, DRUET M.9, GÓMEZ-BALLESTEROS M.9, RUIZ-VILLARREAL M.5 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. SPAIN. 3 CSIC, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar, Barcelona. SPAIN 4 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN 5 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña. SPAIN 6 Xunta de Galicia. A Coruña. SPAIN 7 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. SPAIN 8 Universidad de Málaga. SPAIN 9 IEO, Sede Central de Madrid. SPAIN. The INDEMARES project deals with the study of 11 marine areas in the Spanish EEZ, aiming to obtain the necessary information to identify valuable areas for Natura 2000 Network. Galicia Bank, a large seamount located at 150 miles far from the west coast of Galicia, is one of these selected areas. This deep seamount has a flat summit with slight slopes from 600 m to the bank break around 1000 m. Deeper 1500 m on its western flank, slope increases sharply until it reaches the abyssal plain 5000 m. Epibenthic fauna was collected with a beam trawl whereas demersal fauna were collected with a GOC73 otter trawl. A total of 372 species were identified until now (113 fishes, 67 crustaceans, 50 cnidarians, 48 molluscs, 28 porifera, 27 echinoderms, 25 annelids and 14 belonging to other taxa). Multivariate analyses show the existence of 4 benthic assemblages. The shallowest one (750–780 m) is dwelled by epibenthic fauna characterised by a still unidentified ophiuroid, the solitary corals Deltocyathus moseleyi and Flabellum chuni, the bivalve Limopsis minuta the fishes Hoplostethus

mediterraneus, Mora moro and Lepidion eques, and the crab Cancer bellianus. The second assembla-ge (780–1000 m) is characterised by cold-water coral communities dominated by Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata, and an associated fauna of solitary corals (Desmophyllum dianthus), small crustaceans (Uroptychus spp., Munidopsis spp.) and antipatharians.These two assemblages are located on the flat sedimentary area of the bank summit, with low organic matter content and sandy sediments. The third assemblage, located on the bank break (1000–1100 m), in carbonate sea-floor areas with scarce sedimentary coverage, is typified by benthopelagic shrimps (Systellaspis debilis, Sergia

robusta, Aristaeopsis edwardsianus), the sponge Thenea muricata, the urchin Cidaris cidaris, the fish Alepocephalus bairdii and the shark Scymnodon ringens. Finally, the deepest assemblage dwell in muddy sediments of the flanks of the bank (1500–1800 m), and it is dominated by a still unidentified elasipodid holothurid, the giant sea spider Colossendeis colossea and the crab Neolithodes grimaldii, for epibenthos, and for deep slope fishes as Alepocephalus bairdii, Coelorhynchus labiatus,

Coryphaenoides guentheri, Conocara macropterum, and Rouleina attrita. The three summit assem-blages are associated to the Mediterranean outflow waters (MOW), whereas the flank assemblage is affected by the Labrador Sea Water (LSW). Keywords: deep sea, seamount, benthic assemblages, vulnerable habitats, Marine Protected Areas



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Estimating the abundance and structure of the demersal fishes communities in the Bay of Biscay during the late 19th century: a multispecific bayesian approach using a depletion model

RAVARD D., TRENKEL V., BRIND'AMOUR A. IFREMER, Nantes. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) Managing the ocean‘s resources using an ecosystemic approach is a critical issue. One of the element to define the good environmental state as asked in the European marine policy consist in characterizing what constitutes a healthy fish population. To fulfill this objective, we need to define pre-industrial, historical states of our systems. Therefore, we used historical data to provide an initial biomass estimate of some of the exploited demersal fishes species in the Bay of Biscay and we compared their relative abundance to ones obtained via recent trawl surveys. Historical investigations and population modelling using a multispecific Bayesian framework were used to estimate the initial biomass of the considered species in the south of the Bay of Biscay during the late 19th century. We used two datasets based on the first steam trawlers fishery landings during the period 1869–1884 combined within a depletion‘ state space model. After a phase of data transformation, we estimated specific capturability, natural mortality and local initial abundance for a few Rajidae (R. batis, R.

clavata, R. montagui), Triglidae (C. cuculus, C. gurnardus), Soleidae (S. solea, D.cuneata), Sparidae (S. aurata, P. erythrinus, P. bogaraveo), the hake (M. merluccius), the red mullet (M. surmuletus), the angelshark (S. squatina), the turbot (P. maxima) and the brill (S. rhombus). After comparing this assemblage‘structure with recent data, it appears that these species relative abundance have changed, with a dominance replacement. To conclude, when we look at historical references points and keep in mind the ―shifting baseline syndrome‖, although the different species seem not affected with the same intensity, the changes in fisheries productivity and species structure can be relevant in some case. Thus, we really have to be careful with the definitions of the good environmental state and the good health of the exploited fishes population.

Keywords: historical data, bayesian framework, depletion model, demersal fish, multispecific


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Investigating the processes that affect sardine recruitment in the W and N Iberian shelf and slope GARCÍA-GARCÍA L.M.1, RUIZ-VILLARREAL M.1, OTERO P.1, COBAS-GARCÍA M.2, BERNAL M.3

1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Centro de Supercomputación de Galicia (CESGA), A Coruña. SPAIN. 3 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz. SPAIN. According to the Ocean Triad hypothesis, the recruitment success of small pelagic fish, will depend on the processes that control enrichment, concentration and retention during the planktonic life stages. In this abstract, we will focus on sardine, trying to get more insight on the processes that could have led to the low recruitment that was observed in 2007. For this purpose, two modeling experiments were carried out: first, the already validated hydrodynamic results of a realistic configuration of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) for the area of N and NW Iberia have been used to force the Lagrangian model Ichthyop in order to investigate whether retention or dispersion mechanisms were dominant during the egg and larvae phases of sardine. A period that ranges from autumn 2006 to spring/summer 2007 was considered, thus comprising the spawning peaks in the western Iberian shelf (autumn) and also in the Cantabrian shelf (spring). In addition to the previous study, the hydrodynamic model was coupled to a lower trophic level model. The objective was analyzing nutrient enrichment and, hence, food availably. The results constitute a first step in the development of an End2End model for the Bay of Biscay in the framework of the REPRODUCE project. The results also illustrate that modeling is a valuable tool in order to gain a better knowledge on the oceanographic processes that affect fish ecology. Keywords: Iberian shelves, 3d numerical model, spawning and recruitment of sardine


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Changes in food web structure induced by different fishing strategies: application to Bay of Biscay ecosystem FRAILE I.1, ANDONEGUI E.2, CHIFFLET M.1, CHUST G.2, QUINCOCES I.2, IRIGOIEN X.3, VERLEY P.4, SHIN Y.5 1 AZTI-Tecnalia, Pasaia. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 AZTI-Tecnalia, Sukarrieta. SPAIN. 3 Red Sea Research center, King Abdullah University for Science and Technology, Thuwal. SAUDI ARABIA. 4 IRD, Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale, Sète. FRANCE. 5 IRD, University of Cape Town, Department of Oceanography, Cape Town. SOUTH AFRICA. Understanding the functioning of marine ecosystems under different anthropogenic pressures is essential in order to effectively manage global marine living resources. Human exploitation of higher trophic levels, such as fish, through fishing has a major impact on marine ecosystems, which may produce changes in ecosystem structure and functioning. Ecosystem models provide a powerful tool to explore the possible responses of marine food webs to fishing scenarios. In this study, we use the multispecies, individual based model OSMOSE to investigate the particular effects of overfishing in the Bay of Biscay. OSMOSE is a two-dimensional model representing the whole life cycle of several fish species. Its main assumption is that predation is a size-based opportunistic process, and occurs when there is a spatial-temporal co-occurrence and size adequacy of predators and preys. The fish model OSMOSE uses as input the output results of the biogeochemical model ECOROMS, which provides four plankton size groups that are used as prey fields by the higher trophic levels. We carried out several simulations increasing the fishing mortality for some of the targeted species: a) In the first experiment, we increased fishing mortality to the whole community; b) in a second experiment we simulated the ecosystem response to a increased fishing mortality for hake, which is an important predatory fish; c) in the last simulation, we increased fishing mortality of small pelagic fish (anchovy and sardine). In all these simulations, fishing mortality is doubled, and the results are compared with the reference state. Several community indicators (size-based and species-based indicators) are used to evaluate fishing effects on the fish community of the Bay of Biscay ecosystem. Keywords: IBM, ecosystem, food web, osmose


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Comparison of inter-species segregation between the Bay of Biscay and the NW Iberian Peninsula toothed whales using trace elements and stable isotopes MÉNDEZ-FERNÁNDEZ P.1,2,3, BUSTAMANTE P.1, CHOUVELON T.1, FERREIRA M.2, LÓPEZ A.3, PIERCE G.J.4, SANTOS M.B.5, SPITZ J.1, VINGADA J.V.2,6, CAURANT F.1 1 Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA)/Sociedade Portuguesa de Vida Selvagem (SPVS), Universidade do Minho. PORTUGAL. 3 CEMMA. SPAIN. 4 Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen. UK. 5 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. 6 Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro. PORTUGAL. The ecological segregation between four toothed whales inhabiting two adjacent areas of the Northeast Atlantic: the Northwest Iberian Peninsula (NWIP) and the Bay of Biscay (BB) was investigated using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures and trace element concentrations (Cd, Cu, Hg and Zn). Harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena, bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus, common dolphin Delphinus delphis and striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba showed the same decreasing δ13C and δ15N values (ranging from -17.6 to 16.4‰ and 10.8 to 13.0‰ for δ13C and δ15N in NWIP and from -17.5 to -16.4‰ and 10.9 to 13.5‰ for δ13C and δ15N in BB), reflecting their similar feeding habits and trophic position in the food webs of both areas. However, the common dolphin showed significant differences in δ13C and δ15N values between NWIP and BB. Regarding the trace elements analyzed, only renal Cd, with an oceanic food origin, was useful to discriminate among the four species, showing that striped dolphin has a significantly different concentration from those of the other species in both areas. Hepatic and renal Hg concentrations were highly correlated with age in all species and showed similar bioaccumulation in both areas. On the contrary, Cu and Zn concentrations did not accumulate with age but varied geographically in all species except the striped dolphin. These results suggest that Cd accumulation is partly linked to the diet while others factors such as age and geographic area might explain the Hg, Cu and Zn variability found in the cetacean species analyzed. Our results showed the same pattern of cetacean inter-species segregation in the NWIP and the BB even if both areas differ in oceanic features and shelf‘s width (much narrower in the former) and the importance that population structure understanding might have in the identification of marine mammal management units in the Northeast Atlantic. Keywords: foraging ecology, ecological tracers, management, toothed whales, Northeast Atlantic


TOPIC 4

BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEMS

POSTER SESSION


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Spatial distribution of cephalopod demersal assemblages in trawl grounds off Galician and Cantabrian shelf ABAD E.1, VALEIRAS J.1, VELASCO E.M.2 SERRANO A.3, PUNZON A.3

1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. SPAIN. 3 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. The aim of this study is to improve knowledge about cephalopods species in Galicia and Cantabrian shelf and its geographical and bathymetric distribution in relation to the main hydrographic and sedimentary variables. Among these species are those that represent an important fishery resource in the area, exploited by bottom trawlers. The species considered were: Alloteuthis spp, Bathypolipus

sponsalis, Eledone cirrosa, Illex coindetti, Loligo forbesii, Loligo vulgaris, Neorossia caroli, Octopus

salutti, Octopus vulgaris, Opistotheutis agassiizi, Rondeletiola minor, Rossia macrosoma, Sepia

elegans, Sepia officinalis, Sepia orbignyana, Sepietta oweniana, Sepiola spp, Todarodes sagitattus and Todaropsis eblanae. The study area covers the Galician and Cantabrian continental shelf and upper slope from 70 to 500 m depth. Data collected from research surveys on board the R/V ―Cornide de Saavedra‖ (IEO-Demersales from 2007 to 2011) were analyzed. Sampler used was an otter trawl ―Baca‖ type (mesh size of 60 mm in the net and 20 mm in the cod end). The sampling unit was a 30-minute haul during daytime at a speed of 3 knots in a randomly stratified scheme by depth with 3 strata among 70 and 500 m (special hauls lower than 70 and higher than 500 m have also been included). Hydrographic (bottom temperature and salinity measured with a CTD Seabird) and sedimentary characteristics variables (weight percentages of gravel and coarse sands, medium and fine sands, silt, mean particle diameter, sorting coefficient and the weight percentage of organic matter) were defined in each haul. Time series data were analyzed to study spatial distribution and abundance of species in relation to environmental variables and inter-annual variations. A multivariate analysis on abundance data was performed to characterize cephalopods assemblages. Simper analysis was use to identify species typifying each group. Canonical Analysis showed the relative importance of depth, granulometry, organic matter and other variables in the spatial distribution of the assemblages.

Keywords: cephalopod, distribution, assemblage, abundance, research survey



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Physiological state and adaptation to the environment of the bacterial community in coastal waters of southeastern Bay of Biscay ABAD N., URANGA A., BAÑA Z., ARTOLOZAGA I., AZÚA I., UNANUE M., IRIBERRI J.

Universidad del País Vasco, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Leioa, SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) The physiological state of the bacterial community in coastal waters of Southeastern Bay of Biscay was investigated under different environmental situations in order to find whether the physiological behavior of the community was closely related to their degree of adaptation. Two situations, identified as low and high productivity situations, were detected in the ecosystem along the year and characterized from the rates of heterotrophic microbial processes (bacterial production, bacterial respiration, hydrolytic activity and potential mortality losses). The bacterial communities in these two situations were well adapted to the environmental conditions, which could be deduced from the high bacterial growth efficiencies and the kinetic parameters of the aminopeptidase activity. However, there was also a short transitional period when the ecosystem changed from the situation of low productivity to the situation of high productivity. During this short period, low bacterial growth efficiencies were detected, which indicates that the bacterial community was not fully adapted to the environmental conditions. This poor adaptation was explained by noticeable changes in the specific composition of the bacterial community which could be related to enrichment in environmental resources in the shift from the low productivity situation to the transition one, and to a subsequent selective grazing before arriving to the high productivity situation.

Keywords: bacterial community, growth efficiency, hydrolytic activity, adaptation, coastal waters



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Adding new species to the fish fauna of the Galicia and Cantabrian Sea (southern Bay of Biscay) ARRONTE J.C.1, RUIZ–PICO S.1, FERNÁNDEZ–ZAPICO O.1, VELASCO E.M.2, PUNZÓN A.1, SERRANO A.1, VELASCO F.1, SÁNCHEZ F.1 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. SPAIN. Several fish species have been caught for the first time during the last years in Galicia and Cantabrian Sea. The capture of these species outside of its known range is an interesting fact that could indicate, in some cases, faunal changes in response to modifications on the environmental conditions in their habitats. The main data sources of this study are the annual demersal trawl surveys carried out by the Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) every autumn since 1983; the monitoring program of fisheries landings carried out also by the IEO in several fishing ports of the Spanish northern coast and data from two multidisplinary surveys carried out in the area in 2010 and 2011. Specimens of the following species Epigonus denticulatus, Sebastes mentella, Laemonema latifrons, Gadella maraldi, Odontostomops normalops, Melamphaes suborbitalis, Gadomus dispar, Gadomus

arcuatus, Oneirodes sp., Setarches guentheri and Hyperoglyphe perciforma have been recorded for the first time. With the exception of the capture of the specimens of S. mentella and L. latifrons with a distribution further north and the occurrence of Hyperoglyphe perciforma, which is the first record for the Cantabrian Sea, the other captures constitute new northern limits for their distribution in the north-east Atlantic, increasing considerably their geographical range of distribution. Possible explanations for these captures in the Bay of Biscay are an increased sampling effort in the deep-sea areas, the global ocean waters warming and finally the species found southward of its usual range distribution could be vagrant specimens. The fish records hereby presented, together with the shifting distribution of several fish species observed in the Bay of Biscay suggest that it would be worthwhile to keep track of this phenomenon to have an overall view of this trend in the Bay of Biscay. Keywords: Cantabrian Sea, first record, fish fauna, Galicia.


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Histopathologie et reproduction de la moule Mytilus galloprovincialis fixée naturellement sur les cages aquacoles de la Baie de Mdiq (Maroc)

BHABY S.1,2, BELHSEN O.K.2, ERRHIF A.1 1 Université Hassan II, Laboratoire d‘Ecologie Aquatique et Environnement, Casablanca. MAROC. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Institut National de Recherches Halieutique, Laboratoire de pathologie des coquillages, Casablanca, MAROC. Le site de cette étude est un ensemble de cages aquacoles des poissons sur lesquels se fixent naturellement des juvéniles de la moule Mytilus galloprovincialis. Afin de déterminer le cycle de reproduction et la pathologie chez cette population, un échantillonnage mensuel de 30 individus a été réalisé de mars 2009 à mars 2011. L‘étude histologique et pondérale, a révélé une activité gamétogénétique bien développée durant toute l‘année avec un sex-ratio équilibré. Des observations répétées ont montré au sein de la même coupe histologique, un développement de la gonade continu et rapide dans le temps. Une grande variété d‘endoparasites et d‘intraparasites a été détectée dans les différents organes de ces moules. Parmi ceux-ci Marteilia refringens qui constitue un parasite à déclaration obligatoire, et Steinhausia mytilovum qui été présent durant toute la période de l‘étude avec une intensité et une prévalence corrélée avec les stades de la gamétogénèse et la température de la surface mesurée. Les conséquences de cette étude, est que l‘intensité et la prévalence des parasites détectés restent n‘ont associé à aucun épisode de mortalité massive, et ils ne présentent pas de risques pour le consommateur. Par contre il est recommandé de faire un suivi régulier de santé de la population des poissons cultivés dans les cages.

Keywords: Mytilus galloprovincialis, reproduction, histopathologie, Steinhausia mytilovum, Marteilia refringens.



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Distribution and biogeographic trends of decapod assemblages from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) with connexions with different water masses CARTES J.E.1, PAPIOL V.1, VALEIRAS J.2, FRUTOS I.3, MACPHERSON E.4, PUNZÓN A.3, SERRANO A.3 1 CSIC, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar, Barcelona. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. 3 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. 4 CSIC, Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes. SPAIN. Three cruises were performed on the Galicia Bank (NW Iberian Peninsula, NE Atlantic) in 2009 (Ecomarg0709), 2010 (BanGal0810) and 2011 (BanGal0811) during July–August (project INDEMARES). Decapods and other macrobenthic crustaceans (eucarids and some peracarids) were collected with beam trawls (10 mm of mesh size at codend) and a GOC73 otter trawl (20 mm mesh size). 67 species of decapod crustaceans, 6 euphausiids, 19 peracarids and 1 ostracod were collected at depths between 744 and 1808 m. We found 2 new species, the Galatheidae Uroptychus cartesi and the Petalophthalmidae (Mysida) Petalophthalmus sp.1 (under description) and a number of new species for European or Iberian waters. The analysis of assemblages evidenced generalized species renewal with depth, with two different assemblages distributed between 744–ca.1400 m (the seamount top assemblage, STA) and between ca.1500–1800 m (the deep-slope assemblage over seamount flanks, DSA), respectively associated to Mediterranean outflow waters (MOW) and the Labrador Sea Water (LSW). Other significant factor splitting different assemblages over Galicia Bank was the co-occurrence of corals (both colonies of hard corals and/or gorgonians) in hauls. Galatheids (Uroptychus

spp., Munidopsis spp.), with Chyrostilids and the Homolodromiidae Dicranodromia mahieuxii formed part of this coral-associated assemblage. Dominant species at the STA were the pandalid Plesionika

martia (dominant in intermediate waters in the Mediterranean) and the crabs Bathynectes maravigna and Polybius henslowii, while dominant species at the DSA were of northern origin, the lithodid Neolithodes grimaldii and the crangonid Glyphocrangon longirostris associated to LSW. The diversity (H and J) of small crustaceans collected with beam trawls was controlled by Chl a blooms over bank 3 months before samplings, both at top (Spearman r=0.57, p=0.03) and flanks (r=0.74, p=0.02), while no significant relationships were found for larger decapods collected with GOC73, located at higher trophic levels than those from beam trawls. Keywords: biogeography, decapod crustaceans, Galicia Bank, seamounts, water masses


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Assessing the ecological quality of soft-sottom benthos: evaluation of AMBI and M-AMBI in a marine ecosystem affected by an inorganic contamination source CASTILLO I., GARCÍA A.I., OTERO S. Asociación Científica de Estudios Marinos, Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) Impacts of anthropogenic pollution on marine ecosystems are being addressed by legislation to protect and restore coastal waters. A range of biological measures have been investigated for their ability to indicate anthropogenic disturbance in soft-sediment habitats, mainly in cases of organic enrichment, but little work to date has focused in organic contamination. The aim of present study was to examine the useful application of two benthic biotic indices (AMBI and M-AMBI) proposed in the Directive 2000/60/EC for the classification of coastal water bodies, in an ecosystem affected by an inorganic contamination source. The study was carried out in the coastal area of Miengo (North Spain) where is located the Solvay Quimica S.L. outfall. Five sampling stations ran from the outfall. Sandy soft-bottoms characterized all these stations, which were located at different distance from the outfall. Two marine biotic indices proposed, AMBI and M-AMBI, were used, together with community descriptors (abundance, Shannon–Wiener diversity, Pielou´s evenness and richness). Moreover, the level of calcium, organic matter and particle size of each station were measured. The analysis of the indices showed a great spatial variability in macrofaunal communities affected by the outfall. In both cases the site BS3 (the closest station to the outfall) showed the worst status because it was azoic. The species richness was low in the whole area, and increased slightly in the sites further from the outfall (BS1, BS4 and BS5). Regarding to the AMBI and M-AMBI, it looks as if they could classify the sites according to their degree of pollution. However, since the site BS3 was azoic, this helps to obtain good results, so these should be taken with caution. Moreover, since both inidices are based on the pollution resulting from organic enrichment, their application in this case of inorganic pollution may not be successful, and the results. Therefore, the development of new indicator lists according to the type of pollutant may serve to improve the results obtained with organic enrichment-based indices when studying other kinds of disturbance. Keywords: Marine biotic indices, ecological status, soft-bottom communities, Water Framework

Directive (WFD)


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Seasonal monitoring of macrofauna in an exposed sandy beach CHARBONNIER C.1, LAVESQUE N.2, BACHELET G.2, BUJAN S.1, ANSCHUTZ P.1, LECROART P.1 1 CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC, Talence. FRANCE (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC, Arcachon. FRANCE. Intertidal zone of sandy beaches exposed to tide and swell is commonly considered as low-species environment and biological desert. Macrofauna of a such exposed sandy beach (Truc Vert, SW of France) has been studied during four seasons (March, June, September and December 2011). Faunal samples were collected during spring tide and were equally spaced along the cross-shore axis. For each level, the first 20 cm of the sediment were collected with a 0.0225 m2 corer (10 replicates per level). Sediment was sieved through a 1-mm mesh and the remaining fraction was fixed in 4% formalin and stained with Rose Bengal. Organisms were sorted, identified and counted. Biomass was obtained as ash-free dry weight (AFDW) after desiccation (60 °C, 48 h) and calcination (550 °C, 2 h). The results showed that macrofauna was characterised by a low number of species with specialised organisms like Eurydice spp., Gastrosaccus spp., Ophelia bicornis or Scolelepis squamata. The distribution and abundance of macrofauna were clearly affected by exposure degree and emersion time. Macrofaunal assemblages were more affected by exposure gradient than by seasonal dynamics.

Keywords: sandy beach, macrofauna



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Impact of the seagrass meadow regression on the nutrient biogeochemistry in sediments of a tidal mudflat (Arcachon Bay, France). DELGARD M.L., DEFLANDRE B., DEBORDE J., KOCHONI E., FERREIRA S., ANSCHUTZ P. CNRS, Université Bordeaux I, EPOC, Talence. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) Recent works (Dalloyau et al., 2009; Plus et al., 2010) revealed a severe decline of Zostera noltii meadows between 1988 and 2008 in the Arcachon Bay. Since the decay of Z. noltii beds was not spatially homogeneous, we investigated the inter-annual variability of sediment biogeochemistry in an area located in the East of Arcachon Bay (Cassy), where the seagrass regression is expected to be the most severe. Sediment cores were collected at low tide in late summer 2010 and in winter 2011 on two sites with vegetated and non-vegetated sediments. Detailed geochemical analyses of sediment solid-phase (Corg, Mn, P and Fe) and sediment porewaters (Mn2+, Fe2+, NO3

-, NH4+, DIP, DIC, Sid, ∑H2S,

SO42-) are presented, and compared with a previous data set obtained in 2006 (Deborde, 2007). In this

paper, we report on the evolution of sediment and porewater chemistry between 2006 and 2010 in the eastern sector of Arcachon Bay as a consequence of the regression of a Zostera noltii meadow. Notably, we observed that this decline induced a strong deficit of ammonium and dissolved phosphate in the root zone in winter, showing that the seagrass decay affected significantly the biogeochemistry of nutrient in these sediments.

Keywords: nutrient, eelgrass growth, intertidal zone, lagoon, early diagenesis



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Recent and historical range shifts of two canopy-forming seaweeds in North Spain and the link with trends in sea surface temperature DUARTE L.1, VIEJO R.M.1, MARTÍNEZ B.1, DECASTRO M.2, GÓMEZ-GESTEIRA M.2, GALLARDO T.3 1 Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Madrid. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Universidad de Vigo, EPhysLab, Ourense. SPAIN. 3 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Biología Vegetal I, Madrid. SPAIN. Geographical range shifts of two canopy-forming seaweeds Himanthalia elongata (L.) and Fucus

serratus (L.) were investigated at the southern range in N Spain from the end of nineteenth century to 2009. Given the good dispersal abilities of H. elongata and its short life-span we hypothesize that this species will track environmental changes at a faster rate than the perennial and short-distance disperser F. serratus. Our results show a continuous and drastic westward retraction of H. elongata, which has nowadays virtually vanished in N Spain, whereas F. serratus is still found in the westernmost area. Despite this, the first species is still relatively abundant in the Iberian Peninsula, whereas the presence of the latter is scattered and reduced. Overall, range shifts fit the general warming trend in sea surface temperature (SST). Differences in species traits are linked to range dynamics. The higher persistence of F. serratus towards the west may thus be related to its longer life span and its apparent greater thermal tolerance. On the other hand, the presence of sporadic populations outside the zone of continuous distribution of H. elongata can be attributed to long-distance dispersal events during cold pulses. Relict populations in isolated and estuarine locations were leaved behind the contracting range margins, particularly for F. serratus. In N Spain the westward retreat of large canopy-forming algae seems to be a general phenomenon, involving other species such as kelps. Therefore, an evident reorganization of coastal assemblages is expected, though the extent of changes and the consequences for ecosystem services need to be evaluated. Keywords: range boundary, biogeography, sea surface temperature, canopy-forming algae,

Himanthalia elongata, Fucus serratus


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Environmental drivers on the ecology of the main pleuronectiformes species in the southern Bay of Biscay FERNÁNDEZ-ZAPICO O., PUNZÓN A., SERRANO A., VELASCO F., RUIZ-PICO S. IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) The order Pleuronectiformes has an important ecological role as intermediaries in the energy transfer between benthic production and demersal communities, as well as resource for human consumption, due to being very valued commercially some of the species of the group. Furthermore, pleuronectiformes as benthos-eaters, are related with the quality of the bottom so they could be used as indicators of this quality and possible anthropogenic effects. Many papers on flatfish, especially on the main commercial species, have been published but there is not a global review on the ecology of the order in this area. This study analyses, using multivariate methods, the environmental variables that affect the spatial distribution and abundance of the most representative species of this order in the area. Data came from bottom trawl surveys carried out in the Cantabrian and Galician continental shelf (Southern Bay of Biscay) every autumn covering a time series from 1983 aiming to characterize demersal and benthic ecosystems and their time evolution. Keywords: pleuronectiformes, benthos-eaters, demersal comunities, continental shelf, Cantabrian Sea.


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Spatiotemporal dynamic of coarse and fine particulate organic matter in the Gironde Estuary: implication for carbon budget FUENTES-CID A.1, ETCHEBER H.1, SCHMIDT S.1, DE OLIVEIRA E.2, SOTTOLICHIO A.1 1 CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC, Talence. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 LNHE, EDF R&D, Chatou. FRANCE.

The transport of riparian leaf litter from rivers to estuaries might represent an important source of carbon available for aquatic food webs in estuaries and adjacent coastal ocean environments. Until now, carbon budgets very rarely take into account the potential contribution of that Coarse Particulate Organic Matter (CPOM). With its large watershed (71,000 km2) formed by the Garonne and Dordogne Rivers and its 625 km2 surface area, the Gironde Estuary (S-W France) has been estimated to contribute 60% of fine sediments to the Bay of Biscay; but, there is no estimate for CPOM. The Gironde Estuary is marked by a pronounced turbidity maximum zone (TMZ), with suspended particulate matter concentrations in surface water >1 g L−1. TMZ fine particles are characterized by low particulate organic carbon content (~1.5%) which is quite refractory. The objective of this work is to understand the seasonal dynamic of CPOM inputs and to compare the relative contribution of coarse and fine (FPOM) particulate organic matters to the TMZ in order to estimate the CPOM contribution to the total carbon budget of the Gironde Estuary. Since March 2010, a monthly sampling of CPOM and FPOM was performed in surface and bottom waters of the central estuary, where the TMZ is present most of the year. We present the first results, emphasizing the temporal changes in CPOM and FPOM concentrations in relation with hydrological context; the highest proportion of CPOM is always observed after flood events, indicating a strong connection with the watershed. However, considering the huge amount of the finest fraction, the contribution of CPOM to the carbon budget is negligible (<2%) for the Gironde Estuary. But one could expect a higher contribution of CPOM in less turbid estuaries.

Keywords: coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM), fine particulate organic matter (FPOM),

Gironde Estuary, leaf litter.



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Trophic structure of the benthic macroinfauna of the Avilés Canyon (NE Atlantic, N Spain): preliminary results LOURIDO A.1, PARRA S.1, FERNÁNDEZ J.1, VÁZQUEZ C.1, SÁNCHEZ F.2

1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. The trophic structure of the soft-bottom macroinfauna of the Avilés Canyon (central Cantabrian Sea, NE Atlantic) has been studied based on a sampling survey carried out in 2010. This study is included in the LIFE+ INDEMARES project, which aims to identify special areas of conservation for the Natura 2000 Network in the Spanish seas. The sampling programme comprised 18 stations, and samples were taken using a box corer with a sampling area of 0.09 m2. The macroinfauna was analysed in terms of the trophic structure by grouping the species in feeding guilds: suspension feeders, subsurface deposit feeders, surface deposit feeders, carnivores and the others group (omnivores, herbivores and animals which feed on carrion). From the abundance of these groups, different analyses were carried out to assess their correlation with the environmental parameters. The BIO-ENV procedure showed that sediment characteristics were the most important factor explaining the distribution of the trophic groups. Carnivores and the others group showed their higher abundances in coarse sands whereas surface and subsurface deposit feeders were more abundant at fine sediments, and suspension feeders inhabited different type of sediments. Furthermore, surface deposit feeders were numerically dominant in the studied area, followed by subsurface deposit feeders and the others group. Carnivores, and suspension feeders showed lower dominances, but similar between them. Same trophic pattern was observed at three bathymetric levels (less than 500 m, between 500 to 1000 m, and more than 1000 m). In addition, polychaetes were the most abundant faunal group of surface deposit feeders, subsurface deposit feeders, carnivores and the others group, whereas molluscs were the dominant faunal group of the suspension feeders. Keywords: macroinfauna, trophic structure, Avilés Canyon, Cantabrian Sea (NE Atlantic),

INDEMARES project


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Preliminary results from soft bottom macrobenthic communities of the Avilés Canyon (NE Atlantic). LOURIDO A.1, PARRA S.1, FERNÁNDEZ J.1, VÁZQUEZ C.1, PÉREZ C.1, SÁNCHEZ F.2 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. The Avilés Canyon is one of the ten marine regions studied in the Spanish seas by the LIFE+ INDEMARES project, which aims to identify special areas of conservation within the Natura 2000 Network. This deep-sea ecosystem is located 7 miles from the northern Atlantic coast of Spain, and has a maximum depth of 4750 m. This study aims to characterize the composition and distribution of the macrobenthic fauna in order to provide baseline data to obtain a basic knowledge of the environment. In 2010 and 2011 two oceanographic surveys were carried out to investigate species and habitats of this deep ecosystem. A total of 38 stations were sampled using a box corer with a sampling area of 0.09 m2, in order to evaluate the distribution and biodiversity of the macroinfauna. An additional sediment sample was taken at each station to analyse the granulometric composition and the organic matter content. Sediments were mainly sandy innature, and different levels of organic matter content were found in them. The samples analysed yielded a total of 4022 individuals, belonging to 67 suprageneric level taxa. Polychaetes were the best represented group in total number of species and individuals, followed by crustaceans and molluscs, while equinoderms and the ―Others‖ group (Nemertea, Cnidaria and Sipuncula) were less abundant. Two major macrobenthic assemblages were determined through multivariate analyses. Bathymetry and sedimentary composition were the main factors structuring the benthic community separating shallow and coarser stations from deeper and finer ones. Keywords: macroinfauna, community structure, Avilés Canyon, Cantabrian Sea (NE Atlantic),

INDEMARES project


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Variability in the mackerel egg predation by cannibalism in the North of Spain, during spawning season in the 2000’ years OLASO I.1, VILLAMOR B.1, GUTIÉRREZ-ZABALA J.L.1, BERNAL M.4, FRANCO C.3, IGLESIAS M. 5, LAGO DE LANZÓS A.3, PRECIADO I.1, MODICA L., LÓPEZ-LÓPEZ L., NOGUEIRA E.2 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. SPAIN. 3 IEO, Sede Central de Madrid. SPAIN 4 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz. SPAIN 5 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares. SPAIN The southern component of northeast Atlantic mackerel stock spawns between March and April. We find high numbers of fertilized eggs upon the stomachs of adult mackerel on the spawning grounds in Cantabrian Sea and we suspect that this might be a major source of mortality for these eggs. For this motive the objective of this paper is to describe the role of mackerel as predator in the Cantabrian Sea (ICES Division VIIIc) during its spawning season. The information used in this paper are: diet composition from stomach content analyses, stage-specific production values derived from pelagic trawl hauls and ichthyoplankton surveys conducted on cruises in March and April from 2000 to 2003. Temperature of the water column and abundance of juvenile and adult mackerel at each sampled station were also collected. 3,735 mackerel stomach contents were sampled in acoustic surveys at the spawning peak between 2000 and 2010. There are great annual variations both in total consumption and in mackerel egg consumption. When the cruise is realized in the spawning peak station: the number of eggs is an important part of the total number of food items and total stomach content weight, and may well be underestimated. Regarding the time of day, stomachs with mackerel eggs appear throughout the 24 hours. Juveniles eat more at evening and adults at night. The cannibalism in mackerel eggs varies over the years, and changes in these predation rates may lead to large fluctuations in recruitment. The analysis of all these data allowed us to evaluate temporal changes in the predation process and their possible causes. These results are also discussed under the perspective of cannibalism‘s role in the estimated mackerel recruitment.

Keywords: cannibalism, mackerel, fish-egg, spawning season, predation


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Characterize the biological communities and identify the ecological quality of the rocky intertidal macrofaunal assemblages at sites of community importance (SCIs) in Cantabria. OTERO S., GARCÍA A.I. Asociación Científica de Estudios Marinos, Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]). The study was carried out in 10 sites of the rocky intertidal area at Sites of Community Importance (SCIs) of Cantabria (Spain). Sample collection was performed using a quantitative sampling, which allowed to obtain data richness and diversity of species. The method consisted of taking four samples of 25x25 cm2, two replicates in the level of Corallina elongata, and two in the level of Bifurcaria

bifurcata. To establish the environmental quality of the study area the CFR index (Quality of Rocky Bottoms; Juanes et al. 2008) was used. This estimates the ecological status of the water mass taking into account the macroalgal species richness, the presence of opportunistic species and the cover of hard substrates. Algal communities were represented by 76 taxa, belonging to Rhodophyta division, Heterokontophyta and Chlorophyta. In general, the highest species richness was observed in the lower level, and in Quejo and Galizano stations. Regarding to the macrofauna, 240 taxa were recorded. The main groups were Arthropoda, Mollusca and Annelida. In general, the highest riches were found in the eastern stations and in Bifurcaria levels of Oyambre and Liñera. The most common species were the red algae and arthropods. In all stations were found the following species of algae: Corallina elongata, Lithophyllum incrustans and Ulva spp. As well as the species of invertebrates Pirimela denticulada, Hyale stebbingi, Tanais dulongii, Rissoa spp, Bittium reticulatum, Musculus costulatus, Mytilaster minimus, Mytilus galloprovincialis y Lasaea

adansoni. The CFR index established a very good ecological status in Oyambre, Galizano, Quintres and Brusco, and a good status in Prellezo, Pechón, Liñera, Robayera, Loredo and Quejo. There were found four species included in the List of Wildlife Special Protection Regime (RD 139/2011, February 4). Two invertebrates, Nucella lapillus and Patella ulissiponensis, and two algae Lythophyllum byssoides (called in this work as Lythophyllum tortuosum), and Gymnogongrus

crenulatus, although the latter are referred to the Mediterranean populations. Keywords: sites of community importance (SCIs), ecological quality, intertidal, biological

communities, richness



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Maps of potential predation on the different life stages of anchovy in the Bay of Biscay PETITGAS P.1, VILLAMOR B.2, PRECIADO I.2, SPITZ J.3, DORÉMUS G.3, SANTOS M.B.3, PUNZÓN A.2, RODRÍGUEZ-MARÍN E.2, IGLESIAS M.5, MASSÉ J.1 1 IFREMER, Nantes. FRANCE . (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN 3 CRMM, Centre de Recherche sur les Mammifères Marins, Université de La Rochelle. FRANCE. 4 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN 5 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares. SPAIN Being a forage fish and a short lived species, anchovy is rarely seen to survive older than ages 3 or 4 in the Bay of Biscay. As indicated by cohort analysis, natural (predation) mortality is expected to be high and variable between years. Here we assemble available survey data series on predators and their feeding regime and these data are combined to map and estimate predation mortality in the different life stages of anchovy. Stomach content analyses have shown that dolphins, hake and megrim are major predators of adult and late juvenile anchovy, while bluefin tuna are on the juveniles and pelagic fish on the eggs and larvae. Potential predation maps are based on maps of predators derived from survey data. Maps of predators are converted into that of potential predation mortality by converting predators‘ densities into food intake rates and combining this information with the distribution of the preyed anchovy. Average predation maps are estimated as well as inter-annually their variability in predation as well as overlap between the distribution of predators and that of the anchovy, based on geostatistical analyses. The study provides direct estimates of mortality, its spatial distribution and their inter-annual variability for the larval, juvenile and adult stages of anchovy. How these direct estimates compare with indirect estimates are discussed. Because series of survey data are now widely available, the use of the applicability of the procedures developed to other species than anchovy is discussed.

Keywords: predation, spatial distribution, anchovy


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Feeding habits of Nezumia aequalis (Günter, 1878) (Pisces: Macrouridae) of three deep-sea areas with different trophic pathways (southern Bay of Biscay) PRECIADO I.1, FRUTOS I.1, PAPIOL V.2, CARTES J.E.2, SÁNCHEZ F.1, SERRANO A.1

1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 CSIC, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar, Barcelona. SPAIN. The diet of the macrourid Nezumia aequalis is described for three areas located in the southern Bay of Biscay and characterised by different environmental conditions. Both Le Danois Bank and Aviles Canyon (Cantabrian Sea) displayed rich deep-sea benthic communities and highly productive waters, whereas Galicia Bank is characterised by poor benthic communities and more oligotrophic waters. Data come from surveys performed in 2004, 2009, 2010 and 2011 between 400 and 1200 m. Differences in size distribution were found for the three areas. In Le Danois Bank and Aviles canyon, specimens of N. aequalis were higher than that found in Galicia Bank. We examined stomach contents of 88 specimens of all sizes and identified prey to species level and quantified in number. Diet composition of the macrourid showed the relevance of epibenthic and suprabenthic organisms. In Le Danois Bank N. aequalis fed on a great variety of organisms being the polychaete Hyalinoecia

tubicola and the amphipod Ampelisca spp. the most abundant ones. In the Avilés Canyon, suprabenthic peracarids were the main prey with the amphipods Laetmatophilus tuberculatus and Bonnierella abyssorum representing a high percentage of total prey. Calanoid copepods, ophiurids, gastropods and polychaetes represented, in Galicia Bank, more than 75 % of total diet. Significant differences were also found between trophic diversity (H‘n=3.29, H‘n=2.38 and H‘n=1.72 in Avilés Canyon, Le Danois Bank and Galicia Bank, respectively). The cluster analysis of prey affinities between hauls showed two major groups, one corresponding to Le Danois Bank and Avilés Canyon hauls, and the other corresponding to Galicia Bank hauls. All results revealed that feeding ecology of the macrourid was highly influenced by prey availability, environmental conditions and different trophic pathways of the three study areas.

Keywords: feeding habits, Nezumia aequalis, prey availability, deep sea, Bay of Biscay



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Environmental heterogeneity preference of deep-water fishes in a deep seamount (Galicia Bank) PUNZÓN A.1, BAÑÓN R.2, SERRANO A1., ARRONTE J.C1., CARTES J.E.3, PRECIADO I1., RODRÍGUEZ-CABELLO C1. 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Xunta de Galicia, A Coruña. SPAIN 3 CSIC, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar, Barcelona. SPAIN. The aim of the INDEMARES Project is to obtain information to identify valuable areas for the Natura 2000 network in the Spanish sea. One of these potential marine protected areas is the Galicia Bank, a large seamount located at 150 miles far from the west coast of Galician coast. This deep seamount have a flat summit with slight slopes from 600 m to the bank break around 1000 m. Deeper 1500 m, slope increases sharply until it reaches the abyssal platform, at 5000 m deep. During the summers of the 2010 and 2011, 20 hauls were performed in the Galicia Bank with a GOC73 otter trawl (20 mm mesh size). A total of 94 fish species were identified and two main fish assemblages were observed. One of them seemed to be associated with the Mediterranean Outflow Waters (MOW), and it was found up to 1,025 m depth. The main species (in biomass) were Hoplostethus mediterraneus, Alepocephalus bairdii, Mora moro and Scymnodon ringens. The second assemblage was located between 1,400 and 1,800 m depth, affected by the Labrador Sea Water (LSW). The main species (in biomass) were Alepocephalus bairdii, Centroscymnus coelolepis, Rouleina attrita and Halargyreus johnsonii. The species richness of the first group was higher (62 species were identified in the first group and 47 in the second). The ecological preferences of the deep-water fishes along the ontogenic development were identified, analyzing the relationships with environmental variables, topography (i.e. slope) and associated biota (i.e. presence and abundance of coral fields). Keywords: fish, Galicia Bank, seamount, environmental heterogeneity


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Distribution of sea cucumbers in the southern Bay of Biscay QUELLE P., RUIZ-PICO S., FERNÁNDEZ-ZAPICO O., BLANCO M., SERRANO A., PUNZÓN A. IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) Most of Sea cucumbers (Class Holothuroidea) are deposit feeder animals that play an important role in the trophic relations of the benthonic ecosystems. Sea cucumbers process large amounts of sediment helping to the homogenization and raising the trophic level of the substrates. Historic data base since 1993 from the annual bottom trawl survey ―Demersales‖ carried out by the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) along the coasts of the southern Bay of Biscay is analyzed in this poster. Our data shows 3 species of sea cucumbers are present. Species belong to 2 Orders. Aspidochirotida is the most representative order, with two species Stichopus regalis and Stichopus tremulus. The other order is Elasipodida with only one species and the less common in the dataset, Laetmogone viloacea.Up to date only some mentions about distribution of this class are in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. In this poster the distribution, presence and abundance of sea cucumbers in relations with environmental variables (substrate type, organic matter, etc) will be analyzed. Keywords: sea cucumber, distribution, Bay of Biscay



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Spatio-temporal variability of frond yellowing in subtidal populations of Gelidium corneum in the eastern Cantabrian Sea QUINTANO E., GUERRA J., DÍEZ I., MUGUERZA N., SANTOLARIA A., GANZEDO U., GOROSTIAGA J.M. Universidad del País Vasco, Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Bilbao. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) In the last two decades (1990–2010), a declive of Gelidium corneum beds has been detected in clean coastal stretches of the Basque coast, probably related to climatic anomalies. This canopy-forming species showed stress symptoms such as partial frond yellowing and an unusual branch breakdown pattern. The aim of this work was to investigate the spatial pattern of yellowing in shallow (5 m depth) populations of G. corneum over the summer period. Four locations were selected, each one represented by two sites. Three destructive replicates were collected at each site on three random dates during summer 2010. The yellowing degree was estimated as: 1) percentage of individuals affected by yellowing, and 2) percentage of the frond that was yellowed. The percentage of individuals affected by yellowing was higher at the end of the summer (especially larger ones), in all the studied locations except Gorliz. Populations from Gorliz kept low percentages of yellowed individuals throughout the study period. Among affected individuals, the percentage of yellowed frond showed no differences attributable to the locations. Keywords: Bay of Biscay, macroalgae, phytobenthos, Rhodophyta, stress symptoms


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The genus Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) in Aviles Canyon (Cantabrian Sea) RÍOS P.1, CRISTOBO J.1, SÁNCHEZ F.2 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. Avilés Canyon is one of the most unique ecosystems in the Cantabrian Sea shelf and has significant effects on existing large-scale production in surrounding areas due to topographic effects on the dynamics of water masses and consequent nutrient enrichment. This gigantic submarine canyon habitat is essential for important breeding commercially important species such as hake and monkfish that support fisheries in the fishing grounds surrounding the platform. The external morphology of Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869 is encrusting to massive oval-shaped with raised trumpet-like or mammiform oscular fistules and areolated pore fields. Megascleres are typically smooth and sinuous, occasionally polytylote anisostyles to which terminally spined styles or diactinal spicules may be added. Microscleres are frequently anisodiscorhabds. The presence of Latrunculia sponge in this area is very common, mainly as fauna associated with a deep coral reef.

Keywords: Avilés canyon, Cantabrian Sea, deep coral reef, Porifera, Latrunculia



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Sponges of Order Astrophorida Sollas, 1888 (Porifera, Demospongiae) in Galician Bank (NE Atlantic) RÍOS P.1, CRISTOBO J.1, XAVIER J.2, SERRANO A.3 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 CIBIO-Azores Biology Department, University of Azores, Ponta Delgada. PORTUGAL 3 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. Sponges of Order Astrophorida Sollas, 1888 are usually massive and large making them suitable for protection zones and spawning areas for other invertebrates. Generally these sponges have a coarse texture emphasizing silica content over sponging in the skeleton. Include sponges with asterose microscleres and tetractinal megascleres, together with microxeas, microrhabds and oseas. The skeletal architecture always radial, at least at the surface, but more confused towards the centre of the body. Five familles are currently includes, with 38 genera and two subgenera, and species are know from all oceans and all depth. The Galician Bank is a large seamount located in front of NW Iberian coast with a higher number of microhabitats and a more biodiversity benthic fauna. The presence of sponges in the Order Astrophorida is of the most representative. In this contribution we present the results of Astrophorida sponges collected in the campaigns of the years 2009, 2010 and 2011. Keywords: Galicia Bank, seamount, Porifera, Astrophorida



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Habitat identification in the marine soft-bottoms of the north and north-west of Spain RODRÍGUEZ-GUTIÉRREZ J.1, GONZÁLEZ-IRUSTA J.M., SERRANO A.1, PUNZÓN A.1 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) Precise identification of marine habitats is needed in order to ensure correct and knowledge-based management measures. Ongoing efforts to comply with this task were endorsed by the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requiring Member States to present maps of habitats. A description of marine habitats identified in the soft bottoms of the Cantabrian Sea and Galician waters is presented in this poster. Data used was collected in annual surveys carried out by the IEO following a stratified random sampling methodology, using bottom trawl gear and a half hour hauls. That methodology allows us to cover the entire continental shelf —between 70 and 800 meters— during the last 4 years. The criteria and process followed is also discussed as no a closed definition of habitat is established. Characterization of species composition, abundance and distribution are tasks mainly depending of the sampling method. From there, classification criteria used integrate the relations between epibenthic species and environmental factors —identifying determinant biotic or abiotic variables which explain the selection— and show the repetitive patterns. Eleven primary habitats have been found following the abundance of the species or group of species governing each areas: Leptometra celtica, Actinauge richardi, Astropecten irregularis, Gracilechinus

acutus, Araeosoma fenestratum and/or Phormosoma placenta, Munida sarsi and/or Munida

intermedia, Parastichopus regalis, Laetmogone violacea and/or Parastichopus tremulus, ophiuroids, sea pens and sponges.

Keywords: habitat characterization, epibenthic communities, Cantabrian Sea



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Overview of the seapens (Order Pennatulacea) in the Cantabrian Sea RUIZ-PICO S.1, PUNZÓN A.1, SERRANO A.1, VELASCO F.1, FERNÁNDEZ-ZAPICO O.1, QUINZÁN M.2 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. Seapens have played a key role in the current definition and nomination of the habitats in the EU Directives (OSPAR habitat). Different seapen species have been associated with fine mud and burrowing megafauna and used as indicators of habitats decline and sensitivity. Pennatulaceans from families Funiculinidae, Pennatulidae, Veretillidae and Pteroeididae have a broad distribution in Galician and Cantabrian waters. They have been found from 80 to 800 m in soft sediments of the continental shelf, although they are widespread between 100 and 200 m. However, few studies have focused on distribution and ecology of the seapens in the Cantabrian Sea. The bottom trawl surveys aiming to study demersal and benthic ecosystems on the Cantabrian and Galician continental shelf (NW Spain, NE Atlantic Ocean) carried out from 1992 allow us to make out the distribution and biomass of pennatulaceans over the years. The seapen species common in the Cantabrian Sea are Funiculina quadrangularis, Pennatula aculeata, Pennatula phosphorea, Veretillum cynomorium, and Pteroides spinosum. The present work focuses on the changes of biological variables of these species and their megafauna associated. Keywords: seapens, pennatulaceans, Cantabrian Sea, habitat, demersal megafauna


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A new suprabenthic mysid from bathyal soft-bottoms of the Southern Bay of Biscay

SAN VICENTE C.1, FRUTOS I. 2,3, SORBE J.C.4

1 C/ Nou 8, Creixell, Tarragona. SPAIN. 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 3 Universidad de Alcalá, Dpto. Zoología y Antropología Física, Madrid. SPAIN. 4 CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC, Arcachon. FRANCE Within the ECOMARG project framework (www.ecomarg.net), two multidisciplinary surveys were carried out in October 2003 and April 2004 at the Le Danois Bank (nowadays classified as the first off-shore Spanish ‗El Cachucho‘ MPA), in the southern Bay of Biscay. During these surveys, the suprabenthic fauna was quantitatively sampled at 9 stations located between 486 and 1062 m depth. In the total of suprabenthic fauna collected, 38210 individuals belong to 303 species were identified. 8.9% were mysids belonging to 22 species. In the Mysidae family, two females recorded at 828 m depth in the inner basin between the bank and the Cantabrian Shelf, were ascribed within Mysidopsis genus. These specimens show distinguishing features to be assigned to other Mysidopsis species: the structure of the eyestalk and the antennal scale, the armature of the telson and the uropods endopods. Mysidopsis sp.A is the fourth species of this genus to be discovered in Atlantic and Mediterranean European waters after M. didelphys (Norman, 1863), M. angusta Sars, 1864 and M. gibbosa Sars, 1864. Mysidopsis sp.A is a very rare species, strict suprabenthic inhabitant of upper bathyal bottoms and may be endemic of the Le Danois Bank (?), in contrast to the other European Mysidopsis species known to occur more abundantly in inner shelf areas.

Keywords: Mysidopsis, new species, Le Danois Bank, Bay of Biscay, deep-sea


http://www.ecomarg.net/


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Temporal changes in the structure of an upper slope suprabenthic community from the S Bay of Biscay (NE Atlantic Ocean). SORBE J.C., ELIZALDE M.

CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC, Arcachon. FRANCE. (e-mail : [email protected]) The suprabenthic community of the upper slope off Arcachon (site A at about 400 m depth on a muddy sand substratum) was sampled monthly from February 91 to January 92 with a multi-net sled towed over the sea bottom. During this survey, the whole fauna collected in the 0–50 cm water layer above the bottom was classified into 9 major groups and 109 species (56 amphipods, 12 mysids, 10 isopods, 10 decapods, 9 cumaceans, 6 euphausiids, 4 fishes, 1 lophogastrid and 1 tanaid). Species richness varied between a maximum of 76 species in August and minimum of 31 species in November, mainly due to fluctuations in the number of amphipod species. Total abundances fluctuated between a maximum of 3,199 ind./100 m2 in July and a minimum of 82 ind./100 m2 in November, with a monthly mean of 969 ± 601 ind./100 m2 ( x ± SD). Both mysids and isopods also peaked in July and were responsible of the observed abundance fluctuations within the community. The multivariate analysis discriminates 3 successive phases during the annual cycle: phase A (February-April) with the dominance of the isopod Munnopsurus atlanticus and the mysid Parapseudomma calloplura (64.1% of total abundance), phase B1 (May-August) with the dominance of the same species but with higher abundances (61.0%), and phase B2 (September-January) with the dominance of the mysids Erythrops neapolitana and Mysideis parva (42.7%). All these species are permanent components of the community (occurrence in all samples). Although located in a deep environment known to be more stable than the adjacent neritic areas in terms of near-bottom temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and sediment disturbance, this bathyal suprabenthic community shows wide structural fluctuations during the year, mainly related to population dynamics of a few key species such as the foraminifer-eating Munnopsurus atlanticus and the detritivorous/omnivorous Erythrops neapolitana. Keywords: temporal changes, suprabenthic community, bathyal, Bay of Biscay


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Bacterial community composition in coastal waters of Southern Bay of Biscay URANGA A.1, ABAD A.1, BAÑA Z.1, AYO B.1, ARRIETA J.M.2, IRIBERRI J.1 1 Universidad del País Vasco, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Leioa. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 CSIC-UIB, Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados Islas Baleares. SPAIN. Bacterial community structure was monitored since the beginning of the spring until midsummer of 2011 at a coastal station in Southeastern Bay of Biscay. Previous studies have identified a recurring pattern of low productivity observed in winter and early spring as compared to the high bacterial productivity at the end of spring and summer, roughly following the wax and wane of the spring phytoplankton bloom in the area. The aim of this study was to check whether or not the structure of the bacterial community was affected by the enhanced productivity using different molecular approaches. As expected, low bacterial activities and abundances were detectable at the beginning of the spring, followed by a stimulation of bacterial growth which resulted in a two-fold increase in bacterial abundance at the end of June. This enhancement of bacterial activity was followed by relevant changes in the structure of the bacterial community. The α-proteobacteria, comprised mostly by members of the SAR11 and Roseobacter clades, were the most abundant during the low productivity situation, while bacteria affiliated to the Bacteroidetes became dominant at midsummer. Microbial community fingerprinting by DGGE and ARISA revealed a clear succession in the structure of the bacterial community. Cluster analysis of both DGGE and ARISA fingerprints resulted in two major clusters indicating marked differences between the low productivity bacterial communities of early spring and those found in the high productivity situation of midsummer. However, from the functional point of view these clearly different communities showed similar bacterial growth efficiencies, which suggest a good level of adaptation to the environmental conditions. A third cluster of transitional samples was also apparent, which coincided with the lowest efficiency values observed throughout the whole study and suggested an intermediate situation characterized by a changing, unstable and poorly adapted bacterial community.

Keywords: bacterial community composition, succession, coastal waters, DGGE, ARISA



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Records of cephalopod species collected during deepwater surveys at Galicia Bank. VALEIRAS J.1, ABAD E.1, SERRANO A.2, PUNZÓN A.2, GUERRA Á.3 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. 3 CSIC, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Vigo. SPAIN. The fauna of Galicia Bank was sampled with bottom trawls over bottom depths of 600–1500 m on three cruises. We identified 11 cephalopods collected by GOC73 otter-trawling belonging to following seven species: Stauroteuthis syrtensis Verrill, 1879, Opisthoteuthis grimaldii (Joubin, 1903), Graneledone verrucosa (Verrill, 1881), Megalocranchia speculator (Chun, 1906), Gonatus

steenstrupi Kristensen, 1981, Mastigoteuthis sp. and Todarodes sagittatus (Lamarck, 1798). The capture of cephalopods at the area was scarce during the INDEMARES-BANGAL surveys. In this work we presented the first data on deepwater cephalopods detected in this candidate to Marine Protected Area and documented the recording of rare species off northwest Iberian waters.

Keywords: cephalopod, deepwater fishing, seamount, Marine Protected Areas, Galicia Bank



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Distribution patterns and biological aspects of cephalopods off north Spain continental shelf: squids and cuttlefish VALEIRAS, J.1, ABAD E.1, VELASCO E.M.2, SERRANO A.3, PUNZÓN A.3 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. SPAIN. 3 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. Cephalopods play an important role in marine ecosystems and represent a significant fishing resource in the waters northern Spain. In the present poster, spatial and bathymetric distribution data of the squid and cuttlefish (Order Sepiida, Sepiolida and Teuthoidea) are described for Galician and Cantabrian shelf, based on data gathered during a series of IEO scientific surveys (DEMERSALES) covering the years 2007–2011. These demersal trawl surveys were performed annually in autumn under the same methodology, using a standard "baca" otter trawl in a randomly stratified sampling design based on depth with following strata: A, 70–120; B, 121–200; C, 201–500 m. There were also some special hauls in depths lower than 70 m (X) and others in depths higher than 500 m (D). A total of 662 standardized hauls of 30 minutes long were carried out on board the R/V ―Cornide de Saavedra‖. Mantle length (ML) was measured to the nearest mm. All sex determination was made by internal examination and maturity stage was determined. Length distributions and length-weight relationships were calculated for each species. We present biological data on length distribution, sex ratio and maturity 14 species from 19523 specimens. We analyzed a total of 45 individuals of Sepia officinalis (length range: 56–205 mm), 1572 of Sepia elegans (length range: 6–74), 745 of Sepia orbignyana (length range: 10–96), 481 of Rossia macrosoma (length range:9–85), 1 of Neorossia caroli (15 mm), 668 of Sepietta oweniana (length range: 6–39), 102 of Sepiola tridens/S. ligulata (length range: 5–19), 254 of Rondeletiola minor (length range: 5–20), 2611 of Loligo vulgaris (length range: 22–550), 934 Loligo forbesi (length range: 35–560), 3027 of Illex coindetii (length range: 31–258), 8785 of Todaropsis eblanae (length range: 4–280), 228 of Todarodes sagittatus (length range: 107–402) and 1 of Histioteuthis reversa (75 mm). The five year time series was used to investigate inter-annual variations in spatial distribution and densities of the more abundant species.

Keywords: cephalopods, squid, cuttlefish, fishery, trawl survey



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Geographic, bathymetric and inter-annual variability in the distribution of portunid crabs along the Galician and Cantabrian coasts of the Iberian Peninsula VELASCO E.M.1, QUINZÁN M.2, ABAD E. 2, VALEIRAS J.2, SERRANO A.3, PUNZÓN A.3 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. 3 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. Portunid crabs assemblage off the North coast of Iberian Peninsula (southern Bay of Biscay) was investigated. Patterns of occurrence and bathymetric distribution of these crab species on the continental shelf upper slope down to a depth of 900 m were analyzed based on data gathered during a series of bottom trawl surveys (DEMERSALES) carried out by the Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO). These trawl surveys were performed annually in autumn by the same methodology between September 1992 and November 2010 along the Galician and Cantabrian coasts. A randomized stratified sampling design based on depth (three bathymetric strata: 70–120 m, 121–200 m, 201–500 m) and 5 predefined geographic sectors (Miño–Finisterre MF, Finisterre–Estaca de Bares FE, Estaca de Bares–Peñas EP, Peñas–Ajo PA and Ajo–Bidasoa AB) was used. Polybius henslowii, Liocarcinus depurator, Macropipus tuberculatus and Bathynectes maravigna were the dominant species in this area. Detailed data on bathymetric distribution are presented for each species. The crab Polybius henslowii was the most abundant species, although due to its pelagic habits, that could not be sampled adequately with the gear used; the most abundant benthic crab was Liocarcinus depurator. Changes in crabs assemblage composition, characterized by multivariate analysis, were correlated with different variables, e.g. organic matter (OM), granulometry, temperature and salinity close to the bottom and depth. There was evidence of bathymetric zonation, differentiating between species characteristic of the upper slope (200 to 500 m depth; Bathynectes maravigna, Macropipus

tuberculatus) and dominant species of the continental shelf (100 to 200 depth; Liocarcinus depurator). In adittion, spatial zonation and interannual density changes were observed in the portunid crabs assemblage. Keywords: portunid crabs, distribution, occurrence, bathymetry, trawl surveys


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Distribution patterns and biological aspects of cephalopods off north Spain continental shelf: Octopodidae VELASCO E.M.1, VALEIRAS J.2, ABAD E.2, PUNZÓN A.3, SERRANO A.3

1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. 3 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN Octopuses, as other cephalopods, play an important role in marine ecosystems and represent a significant fishing resource in the waters northern Spain. However, there is little information available of Octopodidae species in the Bay of Biscay in the literature. In the present poster, spatial and bathymetric distribution data of the Octopodidae assemblage are described for Galician and Cantabrian shelf, based on data gathered during a series of IEO scientific surveys (DEMERSALES) covering the years 2007–2011 inclusive. These demersal trawl surveys were performed annually in autumn under the same methodology, using a standard "baca" otter trawl in a randomly stratified sampling design based on depth with following strata: A, 70–120; B, 121–200; C, 201–500 m. There were also some special hauls in depths lower than 70 m (X) and others in depths higher than 500 m (D). A total of 662 standardized hauls of 30 minutes long were carried out on board the R/V ―Cornide de Saavedra‖. In addition, biological data on length distribution, sex ratio and maturity are given for the following species: Octopus vulgaris, Eledone cirrhosa, Octopus salutii, Bathypolipus sponsalis and

Opisthoteuthis agassizii. Mantle length to the eye (ML) was measured to the nearest mm. All sex determination was made by internal examination and maturity stage was determined. Length distributions and length-weight relationships were calculated for each species. A total of 2,828 individuals of E. cirrhosa (length range: 1.0–17.3 cm), 429 of O. vulgaris (length ranged: 2.8–20 cm), 64 of O. salutii (length ranged: 2.5–11.5 cm), 55 of Bathypolipus sponsalis (length ranged: 1.0–8.5 cm) and 10 of Opistoteuthis agassizii (length ranged: 3.0-7.0 cm) were analyzed. Sex ratios of the more abundant species (E. cirrhosa, O. vulgaris and O. salutii) were near to 1:1. The five year time series was used to investigate inter-annual variations in spatial distribution and densities of the more abundant species. Keywords: Octopodidae, distribution, biology, bathymetry, trawl surveys



TOPIC 5

FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE

ORAL SESSION


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Migration explains the maintenance of the southern hake population despite overexploitation

PITA A.1, PÉREZ M.2, VELASCO F.3, PRESA P.1 1 Universidad de Vigo, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. 3 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. Recent population genetics studies on the European hake have suggested a global connectivity pattern that radiates multidirectionally from the spawning grounds of Porcupine – Great Sole. It has also been suggested that such pattern of connectivity consists of fixed geometry but variable migration rates among years which are likely dependent on environmental facilitation. In order to clarify the genetic dynamics of the so-called southern stock we have explored its recent historical genetic properties using microsatellite markers. We show that in spite of the large fishing pressure exerted on this population that showed its minimal historical size in 1998, its genetic diversity remains nowadays stable. Such genetic stability can be explained by the compensation between the genetic drift induced by overfishing and the large effective size of its population. Maintenance of such effective size is likely helped by consistent contributions from the so-called northern hake stock. Keywords: European hake, fish migration, genetic drift, overfishing, southern stock


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The Celtic Sea is the multidirectional focus for the expansive dispersal of hake (Merluccius merluccius) in the Atlantic

PÉREZ M. 1, PITA A.2, PRESA P.2 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Universidad de Vigo, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas. SPAIN. This study describes the global pattern of connectivity among European hake populations inferred from genetic markers. Two methodological issues were key to resolve this structure. First, the implementation of the widest sampling effort so far reported in this species. Second, the use of nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA to achieve a balanced view of recent and ancient population histories, respectively. The present genetic scenario is supported by the statistical power of the sample/marker system (ranging 0.800 – 0.880) and an acceptable associated type I error (ranging 0.044 – 0.066) in all simulations assayed under different priors and methods. We show that 1) the main focus of a multidirectional hake dispersal in the Atlantic is the spawning ground of the Celtic Sea, 2) a global connectivity operates across the Atlantic including the North Sea and the Canarian Sea, and 3) the historic divide between the two allopatric subpopulations of hake is located at the Almería-Oran Oceanographic Front what is consistent with this front being an oceanographic barrier to migration also in hake. Keywords: Merluccius merluccius, global connectivity, Bay of Biscay, genetic markers, expansive

focus


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Anglerfish, Lophius piscatorius, stock structure in the southwestern European waters inferred from new approaches and previous studies

CAÑÁS L., SAMPEDRO M.P., FARIÑA A.C. IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) Anglerfish, Lophius piscatorius, is a valuable commercial resource in the Northeast Atlantic. This species is assessed and managed as two stocks in the southern shelf of the Northeast Atlantic: the Northern Stock in ICES Divisions VIIb-k and VIIIa,b,d and the Southern Stock in ICES Divisions VIIIc and IXa . A sustainable fisheries management requires an accurate identification of the stock boundaries. Stock unit and determination of the stock structure are based mostly on genetic or phenotypic variation using different approaches. Aiming to evaluate the stock structure for anglerfish in southwestern European waters and its relationship with current management units, different techniques used up to now for anglerfish stock identification (life history, mark-recapture, morphometrics and genetics) were reviewed, and complemented with the recent results from additional approaches (otolith analyses and parasitic fauna). Strong biological evidences from these techniques for supporting the current management units of anglerfish in Southern Shelf were not observed, once genetic mixing flow and discrete components non-stock related were detected in the whole area. The mismatch between management units and population structure can have effects on the assessment and management of anglerfish. Keywords: Lophius piscatorius, fish stocks, fisheries management, Northeast Atlantic


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Atlantic bluefin tuna stock identification by otolith microchemistry

FRAILE I.1, ARRIZABALAGA H.1, ROOKER J.2 1 AZTI-Tecnalia, Pasaia. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Texas A&M University, Department of Marine Biology, Texas. USA. We used otolith chemistry as a tool for identifying natal origin of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus

thynnus) captured in the Bay of Biscay during 2009–2011. The two known spawning grounds for this species (Mediterranean for the eastern population, and Gulf of Mexico for the western population) have a distinct seawater composition. Consequently, bluefin tunas born at each area preserve a distinct isotopic signature in their cores, which can be used to identify natal origin to juvenile and adult bluefin tunas. Previous studies have demonstrated the use of stable isotopes to reliably predict nursery origin of Atlantic bluefin tuna. In the present study δ13C and δ 18O have been measured in 300 otolith cores, and compared to baseline values belonging to yearling bluefin tunas from the eastern and western nurseries. Different size categories and fishing months have been included to evaluate the season and size-dependency of the results. Otolith microchemistry based on δ13C and δ 18O suggest little mixing between the two populations during the last three years. A large fraction (95–100%) of the Atlantic bluefin tuna captured by the Bay of Biscay fishery were originated in the Mediterranean, thus, correspond to the eastern population. Juvenile and adult tunas did not differ significantly in their composition. We conclude that trans-Atlantic movements from the western Atlantic to the Bay of Biscay have been not significant during 2009–2011. Therefore, the regional fishery targets almost exclusively on the eastern population. Keywords: otolith, microchemistry, isotopes, bluefin, migration


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Validation of Atlantic bluefin tuna age determination using dorsal fin spines

RODRÍGUEZ-MARÍN E.1, LUQUE P.L.1, QUELLE P.1, RUIZ M.1, CAMPANA S.2, BUSAWON D.3, NEILSON J.3, LANDA J.1 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Nova Scotia. CANADA. 3 Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Biological Station, St. Andrews. CANADA. Age estimates are essential for the stock assessment underlying the scientific management advice on fisheries resources. Current assessment for Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus Thynnus) (ABFT) is based on age-structured models, and the ability to accurately estimate age of ABFT is critical for conducting stock assessment for this species which is in an overexploited condition. Age validation studies are scarce. The most reliable study on ABFT age validation was presented in 2008 and it is based on radiocarbon techniques applied to otoliths. This validation study indicated slower growth and older ages than were previously assumed, affecting the calculation of benchmarks of productivity, and by extension, the rebuilding schedules for western ABFT population. Analogous validation studies are not yet available for the eastern population nor for other calcified structure than otoliths. The aims of the present study is to validate ABFT age interpretations using dorsal fin spines by employing different methods: potential use of the bomb radiocarbon analysis, the timing of annulus development based on the monthly formation and growth of the translucent edge of the spine section, and the comparison with age estimates from otoliths, which age interpretation have already been validated, from the same specimens. Preliminary results revealed that spines contain radiocarbon at concentrations consistent with expectation. Outcomes from edge type and marginal increment analysis confirmed an annual periodicity of annulus formation. Ageing comparison results showed good fit to a linear relationship indicating a good age agreement between structures and confirming the viability of using spines as an alternative structure for ABFT age estimation. Our findings contribute to improve the knowledge of ABFT growth by using dorsal fin spines for direct ageing. Keywords: Atlantic bluefin tuna, age validation, age determination, growth


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Spatial variability of albacore feeding strategies in the Northeast Atlantic: implications for CPUE standardization

GOÑI N., PENINON V., ARRIZABALAGA H. AZTI-Tecnalia, Pasaia. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) The goal of the present study was to identify variability in albacore feeding strategy in their main fishing area in the northeast Atlantic, through stomach content data. A total of 1222 albacore stomachs were collected during 2004–2007 and 2010 fishing seasons. Stomach contents were grouped by digestion type (slow or fast), digestion stage (5 stages defined) and type of circadian vertical displacements. Albacore originated from fisheries operating by day (trolling line, baitboat, rod-and-reel) and by night (pelagic trawling). The spatial and seasonal variability of stomach contents was described through correspondence analyses. The observed variability suggests different feeding strategies — corresponding to different patterns of vertical displacements — in shelf-break zones and in oceanic zones, albacore feeding essentially in epipelagic layers in shelf-break zones, and feeding in epipelagic layers by night and in mesopelagic or bathypelagic layers by day in oceanic zones. These observations are consistent with those realized through archival tagging data in the Northeast Pacific, and are interpreted according to the different oceanographic and trophic features of each zone. We suggest to consider this difference between shelf-break and oceanic areas in the standardization of albacore trolling and baitboat CPUEs. Keywords: albacore, Atlantic, feeding, strategy, catchability


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The triple bottom line: meeting ecological, economic and social goals with individual transferable quotas

PEREAU J.C.1, DOYEN L.2, LITTLE L.R.3, THEBAUD O.3 1 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux 4, GRETHA. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 CNRS-Museum National d‘Histoire Naturelle, Paris. FRANCE. 3 CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research. AUSTRALIA. This paper deals with the sustainable management of a renewable resource based on individual and transferable quotas (ITQs) when agents differ in terms of harvesting costs or catch capability. In a dynamic bio-economic model, we determine the feasibility conditions under which a fishery manager can achieve sustainability objectives which simultaneously account for stock conservation, economic efficiency and maintenance of fishing activity for the agents along time. We show how the viability of quota management strategies based on ITQ depends on the degree of heterogeneity of users in the fishery, the current status and the dynamics of the stock together with the selection of TAC schedules. In particular for a given stock, we compute the maximin effort for a given set of agents and we derive the maximal number of active agents for a given guaranteed effort. An application to the Nephrops fishery in the Bay of Biscay illustrates the results. Keywords: renewable resource, sustainability, ITQ, maximin, feasibility set


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Is the competitive interaction between the non indigenous bivalve Ruditapes phillippinarum and the native bivalve Ruditapes decussatus a determining factor to explain the reduction of the native population?

BIDEGAIN G., JUANES J.A. IH Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) In several disturbed estuaries or lagoons of Europe the introduced Manila clam Ruditapes

phillippinarum has supplanted the native grooved carpet shell clam Ruditapes decussatus by occupying almost entirely its ecological niche and relegating it to very restricted areas (e.g. Arcachon Bay, Lagoon of Venice). This has not yet been observed in other estuaries (e.g. Bay of Santander, N Spain) although a significant reduction of the stock of the native clam has occurred in last years. Within this context, the main goal of the present study was to analyze the competitive interaction between the non indigenous Manila clam and the native carpet shell clam in order to determine whether this interaction is one of the causes of reductions of native clam populations, both in the Bay of Santander and in other European estuaries. For this purpose, a field experiment was conducted between May 2010 and May 2011, placed on an intertidal area in the Bay of Santander. Ruditapes

phillippinarum density was manipulated in a randomized block experimental design to quantify its effect on growth and mortality of Ruditapes decussatus. The results obtained show that the increased density of Manila clam does not affect growth or mortality of the native clam. Therefore, competition for resources or the space between both species does not seem to be a determining factor in explaining the reduction of the native clam. This project was supported by the Department of Livestock, Fisheries and Rural Development from the Regional Government of Cantabria. Keywords: interaction, non indigenous, Ruditapes decussatus, Ruditapes phillippinarum


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TOPIC 5

FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE

POSTER SESSION


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The IEO sampling and information network: where fisheries information is coming from (and how is being collected)

ÁMEZ M.A.1, RODRÍGUEZ-GUTIÉRREZ J.1, QUINZÁN M.2, VELASCO E.M.3, CEBRIÁN J.L.2, JUÁREZ A.4 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. 3 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. SPAIN. 4 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz. SPAIN. Conservation and management measures should be based upon the best scientific available information. Keeping this principle in mind, the Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) obtains the accurate and reliable information needed for fisheries evaluation in ICES area through the Sampling and Information Network (RIM). In 2009 the EU framework for the collection and support for scientific advice was changed. Current deployment of the DCF is since then following a fishery-based approach, instead of the old stock based approach used in previous regulation. As response to this change and to ensure the most appropriate data collection scheme is in place, the original sampling design was adjusted. Consequently sampled ports, sampled fishery units and information obtained in the sample procedure by the RIM were modified. In order to have a comprehensive review of the fisheries data collection after making the modifications, this poster shows a description of current RIM in the Spanish area managed by the IEO presenting the origin and gears of the samples taken by port as well as species and fleets involved, thus allowing to observe the relations between them. Keywords: sampling network, fisheries data, concurrent sampling


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Habitat preferences of artisanal fisheries in the Avilés Canyon area

ARRONTE J.C., PUNZÓN A., SÁNCHEZ F., GARCÍA-ALEGRE A. IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) There is no universal definition of ―artisanal fisheries‖ and it is usually adapted to include the peculiarities of each area. In this study, we have considered as artisanal fisheries those carried out onboard of small vessels (often less than 10 GT), which make short fishing trips (less than 24 h), close to shore and with a predominance of traditional fishing gears (such as different types of gill-nets, longlines and pots). The purse-seine fishery was not considered as artisanal. Data came from the sales notes of Asturian fishing ports during the period 2007–2010. A total of 85064 fishing trips from 371 vessels were analysed. A multivariate analysis was carried out in order to identify métiers. Taking into account the main target species or group of species 6 métiers have been determined: hake (―piedra-bola‖ longline and gill-net), anglerfish (―rasco‖ gillnet), deep-water species (longline and gill-net), mixed of demersal fishes (gill-net and longline), cephalopods (pots) and crustaceans (pots). Likewise, several skippers were interviewed to ask about their fishing strategy. With this information, a spatial distribution of each métier was generated. These results, together with the habitats cartography obtained from the research surveys undertaken in the Avilés Canyon under the project INDEMARES, have used to model the habitat preferences of each métier. Keywords: cluster, artisanal fisheries, métier


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Species composition of Family Rajidae in the Spanish landings from the northwestern Iberian waters (ICES Divisions VIIIc and IXa)

CEBRIÁN J.L.1, JUÁREZ A.2, QUINZÁN M.1, ÁMEZ M.3, VELASCO E.M.4,RODRÍGUEZ-GUTIÉRREZ J.3 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz. SPAIN. 3 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. 4 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. SPAIN. Skates are a by-catch for the different fleets operating in the northwestern Iberian waters (ICES Divisions VIIIc and IXa). In the landings of bottom otter trawlers skates mainly occur between 5 and 10% of the total catch. Unfortunately, skates are usually recorded under general taxonomic groups in the Spanish fishery statistics, being identified only to family (Rajidae) or genus (Raja spp.). This mis-identification has been influenced in some extent related to the European management System, where a common TAC system for skates is applied. Nevertheless, TAC regulation (Council Regulation (EC) No 43/2009), catches of certain skates species must be reported separately by Member State. Since 2009, due to the implementation of the concurrent sampling methodology, as is required in the Data Collection Framework (DCF) regarding the Common Fisheries Policy (Dec. 2008/949/EC), the Spanish skates landings have been sampled by the Instituto Español de Oceanografia (IEO), in order to obtain monthly length compositions by species. Up to ten species of family Rajidae have been recorded in northwestern Iberian Spanish landings: blue skate (Dipturus batis), longnosed skate (D. oxyrinchus), sandy ray (Leucoraja circularis), cuckoo ray (L. naevus), blonde ray (Raja brachyura), thornback ray (R. clavata), smalleyed ray (R.

microocellata), brown ray (R. miraletus), spotted ray (R. montagui) and undulate ray (R. undulata). In this paper, results from sampling programme taken from September 2009 to September 2011 are used to estimate the skates‘ species composition in the Spanish landings from northwestern Iberian waters. Furthermore, their respective length frequency distributions, as well as other parameters, will be described. Keywords: Rajidae, sampling, landings, northwestern Iberian waters, bottom otter trawl


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Analysis horse mackerel catches in the Cantabrian Sea and Bay of Biscay (2000–2010)

COSTAS G.1, ABAUNZA P.2, MORLÁN R.3, GANCEDO R.2, SÁNCHEZ S.4 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. 3 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña. SPAIN. 4 AZTI-Tecnalia, Pasaia. SPAIN. Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) is distributed in the Northeast Atlantic from Norway to Cape Verde. In the ICES area three horse mackerel stocks are defined: the North Sea, the Western and the Southern stock. This analysis focuses on horse mackerel catches made by Spanish fleet operating in the Cantabrian Sea and Bay of Biscay area, covering ICES divisions VIIIabd and VIIIc. This area corresponds to the southern fraction of the Western Stock of Horse Mackerel. Horse mackerel is one of the main target species for the Spanish fishery fleet in the northern Iberian Peninsula waters. They are mainly fished by purse seiners and demersal trawlers but also by artisanal boats (gillnets, hook). The mean catch by year obtained in this area during the last decade was around 21000 tones. In this analysis we use the total catch, the catch-at-age and length-at-age distributions by gear fleet and by quarter in 3 areas (ICES subdivisions VIIIc-East, VIIIc-West and VIIIabd) during last decade (2000–2010). The results showed the exploitation pattern of the different fishing fleets operating in this area for horse mackerel. It is worth to mention the gap found in purse seine length distributions in the range 18–23 cm, which roughly corresponds to the length at which the horse mackerel attain the sexual maturity. The spatial, seasonal and temporal pattern of horse mackerel catch at age and catch at length are also showed. Keywords: horse mackerel, exploitation pattern, Spanish fleet


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Atypical anchovy egg abundances in the Bay of Biscay in April 2011

COSTAS G.1, ÁLVAREZ-CALLEJA I.2, LAGO DE LANZÓS A.2, FRANCO C.2, DÍAZ P.1, CUBERO P.2 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Sede Central de Madrid. SPAIN. European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus, L.) is an ecologically and economically important component of the Bay of Biscay ecosystem. Since 2005 to 2009, a closure of anchovy fishery in the Bay of Biscay was implemented. This closure was adopted due to a series of low biomass levels and poor spring recruitments since 2002. Fortunately, a recovery from low anchovy biomass was produced and in 2011 anchovy SSB was estimated at 98450 t which is the fourth highest SSB since 1987. It is known that variations in recruitment in pelagic species depend strongly on environmental factors during their early life. In 2011 an ichthyoplankton survey (SAREVA0411) was carried out by the Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) covering the Northwest and North of Iberian Peninsula and inner part of the Bay of Biscay (to 45ºN) from 25th March to 15th April. The peak spawning period of anchovy in the Bay of Biscay occurs between May and June. However, during this survey significant high anchovy egg abundances were found in the inner part of the Bay of Biscay regarding previous ichthyoplankton surveys carried out by IEO in this area. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial distribution and abundances of anchovy eggs and its relationship with some environmental parameters affecting the Bay of Biscay during that period. Keywords: anchovy, egg abundance, spatial distribution, peak spawning


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Application of the Daily Egg Production Method (DEPM) for sardine (Sardina pilchardus) in the inner of the Bay of Biscay from 1997 until 2011

DÍAZ P.1, LAGO DE LANZÓS A.2, FRANCO C.2, PÉREZ J.R.1, BERNAL M.3, COSTAS G.1 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Sede Central de Madrid. SPAIN. 3 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz. SPAIN. The Daily Egg Production Method (DEPM) for sardine has been applied by Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) to estimate the spawning stock biomass of the North Atlanto-Iberian sardine stock since 1988 (1990, 1997, 1999, 2002, 2005, 2008 and 2011). Spring surveys conducted by IEO for the application of the DEPM, consisting of ichthyoplankton, adults and hydrographic sampling, and since 1997 the sampling area was extended in order to reach the 45ºN, covering the region from the northwestern (Portugal/Spain border Minho River), North Iberian Peninsula and inner part of the Bay of Biscay (to 45°N). This work provides for the first time a description of the sampling, laboratory analysis and estimation procedures conducted by IEO from 1997 to present in the VIIIb ICES division. Estimations for area delimitation (surveyed and spawning area), egg ageing, mortality and model fitting for egg production (P0) are presented. Results from adults fishing sampling are showed and parameters from the mature fraction of the population (mean females weight, sex ratio, batch fecundity and spawning fraction) are calculated. The results of this study are intended to contribute to a better understanding of the sardine population in the inner part of the Bay of Biscay through the application of the DEPM. Keywords: DEPM, Sardina pilchardus, Bay of Biscay, egg production, adults parameters


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Catch composition, discards and selectivity in the red mullet (Mullus surmuletus) gillnet fishery off the Asturias coast

FERNÁNDEZ-RUEDA M.P.1, ALCÁZAR J.L.1, JIMÉNEZ F.1, HERRADOR R.1, MUÑOZ A.2, GARCÍA-FLÓREZ L.1 1 Centro de Experimentación Pesquera. Dirección General de Pesca Marítima. Consejería de Agroganadería y Especies Autóctonas del Principado de Asturias. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Servicios de Gestión Medioambiental SIGMA S.L. SPAIN. A study of red mullet (Mullus surmuletus) gillnet fishery was carried out off Asturias, NW Spain, between May and October 2010. Catches composition, discards and selectivity were analyzed for different mesh size (53, 60, 75 and 87 mm) and net height (3 and 5 m) combinations. Eighteen experimental fishing trials were carried on board an artisanal fishing vessel under professional conditions. From the total of captures, 48.3% in weight and 31.2% in number were retained for sale (41 species); 43.8% in weight and 55.1% in number were retained for bait (2 species); and 7.9% in weight and 13.8% in number were discarded (54 species). In number of individuals, the main species retained for sale were M. surmuletus and Merluccius merluccius; the species retained for bait were Boops boops and Trachurus trachurus and the discarded species were Polybius henslowi and B. boops. Five reasons for discarding were identified: ―Insufficient capture‖, ―Damaged‖, ―No commercial value‖, ―Insufficient length‖, y ―Exceeded TAC‖. In number of individuals the main reason for discarding was ―No commercial value‖ (40.2%) and, in biomass, ―Damaged‖ (34.3%). The retained for sale rates were in general higher for the 3m high net, being statistically significant for the 60 mm mesh size net. Discard rates showed no statistically significant differences between net heights. For red mullet, the CPUE analysis showed that the 3 m height and 60 mm mesh size combination was the most efficient one. Gillnet selectivity parameters were estimated and the bi-modal function gave the best fit to the experimental data. Taking into account the commercial capture rates and CPUE for red mullet we don‘t recommend to use neither the 5 m high nor the 53 mm mesh size net for this fishery. This would contribute for an ecosystemic management of the red mullet gillnet fishery. Keywords: discards, gear selectivity, artisanal fisheries, red mullet, Asturias


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Use of probiotics in Senegalese sole aquaculture: a sustainable tool in the Bay of Biscay

GARCÍA DE LA BANDA I.1, LOBO C.1, GUTIÉRREZ J.R.1, MADRAZO F.2, ARCE F.3, MORENO-VENTAS X.4, CANTERAS J.C.4, LUCAS M.L.4, MIRA J.R.4, TAPIA-PANIAGUA S.5, MORIÑIGO M.A.5 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Instituto de Investigación Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, SPAIN. 3 Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, SPAIN. 4 Universidad de Cantabria. SPAIN. 5 Universidad de Málaga. SPAIN. Marine resources are essential for human protein requirement. Fisheries captures has nearly come to a standstill since 1990. Demographic population increase and present healthy dietetic habits have promoted the development of aquaculture as an alternative fish resource. World aquaculture production has increased from 4% of total captures in 1970 to more than 50% in 2010. Current fish rearing systems may involve a stress for specimens producing lower digestive efficiency and higher disease sensitivity against potential pathogens. All these factors could result in economic losses for industry. Antibiotics and chemical products have been usually utilized to control fish diseases. These therapeutical strategies have frequently introduced pollutants and bacterial resistance both in facilities and in marine environment. In addition, these practices may affect marine trophic chain and also human health. Alternative therapies (e.g. vaccines, immonostimulants, probiotics) have been proposed due to an increasing awareness in scientific and political forums. The Spanish Institut of Oceanography (IEO) and the University of Málaga (UMA) have been working in the application of probiotics in Senegalese sole culture since 2004. Some microorganisms were isolated from healthy fish and were tested as potential probiotics in vitro in the UMA laboratories. Two bacterial strains (Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 and Shewanella baltica Pdp13) were selected and supplemented to Solea senegalensis larvae, fry and juveniles in the Santander Fish Culture Center (IEO). In vivo experiments demonstrated that Pdp11 was able to modulate intestinal microbiota, increasing resistance against Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (the main sole pathogen) imrpoving sole performance. Furthermore Pdp11 administration promoted growth and a better biochemical composition. An activation of the digestive enzyme activity and a preservation of the intestinal epithelium integrity were also detected. Local institutions, the University of Cantabria, the Marqués de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital (HUMV) and Research Institute (IFIMAV) have also collaborated in these studies. Keywords: sole, probiotics, aquaculture, stress, disease


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Eggs size variation in the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus Linnaeus, 1758) in the Bay of Biscay

GUEVARA-FLETCHER C., COTANO U., SANTOS M. AZTI-Tecnalia, Pasaia. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) In the Bay of Biscay, the anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) is possibly affected by factors like overfishing, natural change and by predators (FAO, 2008; Del Valle et al., 1998). The survival of early stages may be one of the keys to understanding the recruitment of this specie. In the middle of the last decade, several and consecutive failures in the recruitment were reported, causing the closure of the anchovy fishery (ICES, 2010), probably due to high mortality rates, occurred during the development of early life stages. Between 2006 and 2011, a study was conducted on anchovy eggs, collected in the Bay of Biscay, in the framework of ―DEPM‖ surveys (AZTI-Tecnalia, BIOMAN-campaigns) in order to observe the effect of low recruitments on anchovy egg size. More than 30000 anchovy eggs were dyed, scanned and the images processed by the ―PVA‖ image analyzer software, founding that in 2006, their diameters were large than the following years (The diameters changed between 1.30 to 1.27 mm for the longitudinal and 0.62 to 0.59 mm for the transversal). (p < 0.05). When the biomass increased, the eggs diameters decreased progressively (2010 and 2011), due to the improved recruitment (high presence of anchovies with age one, produce eggs diameters decrease). The eggs distribution shows that big eggs are present in the Southwest while the smaller eggs are in the Northeast; the influence of continental platform of the Spanish and French coast and the age and size distribution of the anchovies in the bay, could be determinant. Finally the relationship between the eggs sizes changed and the environmental variables (salinity, temperature and depth), did not showed any significant correlation (p < 0.05) or this was weak. Keywords: anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), egg diameter, biomass, environmental variables, Bay of

Biscay


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Preliminary results on early growth of the black anglerfish, Lophius budegassa in the Bay of Biscay using otolith microstructure

HERNÁNDEZ C., LANDA J., BARRADO J., ANTOLÍNEZ A. IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]). The study of the daily growth increments in otoliths of young fishes is a tool for determining important early life history characteristics associated with age and growth of juvenile fish, such as reproductive and recruitment patterns, hatch dates, settlement dates, and growth and mortality rates. Age and growth of black anglerfish have been studied in Atlantic and Mediterranean waters, but there is one only study on daily growth of this species in Mediterranean Sea. This is the first study on it in Atlantic waters. The early life history of the black anglerfish was investigated by otolith daily increment analysis. Samples of demersal juvenile specimens (<30 cm) were collected from bottom trawl surveys in the Bay of Biscay in autumn. Otolith analysis was fully described. All increments were counted and the distance between increments was measured along the same axis from the core to the edge of the otolith. The results lead to a greater knowledge about the growth during the first year of life. Otolith microstructure analysis was applied to estimate the ages of juvenile specimens through daily microincrement counts and to calculate individual growth rates. Thus, the birth date distribution of juveniles was also estimated. Keywords: otolith, daily growth, black anglerfish, Lophius budegassa, Bay of Biscay


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Growth and movement patterns of European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay (NE Atlantic) under different environmental factors: implications for recruitment

HERNÁNDEZ C.1, VILLAMOR B.1, NOGUEIRA E.2, GONZÁLEZ-POLA C.2, GONZÁLEZ-NUEVO G.3, BARRADO J.1 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. SPAIN. 3 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. Since 2001, the Bay of Biscay anchovy experienced a succession of recruitment failures that resulted in the collapse of the stock and the closure of the fishery between 2005 and 2009. The evolution of the fishery has motivated the execution of specific studies on daily growth of juveniles and the effects of environmental variability on growth and survival aiming to understand the factors affecting the processes of recruitment. With these purposes, a series of multidisciplinary annual surveys were carried out between 2006 and 2009 to determine the distribution and abundance of juveniles in this area. One of the aims of these multidisciplinary surveys was the analysis of the spatial distribution of anchovy juveniles and adults, with special focus on preferential location areas and size-related patterns in relation to environmental conditions. The spatial variability of the growth of juvenile anchovy, and the date of birth distribution of surviving juveniles in relation to environmental conditions in the preceding spawning season were also studied. For the present communication, samples of anchovy juveniles collected in September–October between 2006 and 2009 at different locations of the southern Bay of Biscay during acoustic and bottom trawl surveys were analysed. A total of 417 otoliths (44–124 mm SL) were examined using daily increments formation in the otolith microstructure. Otolith microstructure analysis was applied to calculate growth curves and individual growth rates of anchovy juveniles. Thus, the birth date distribution of juveniles was estimated. The movement patterns of juveniles from waters around the river plumes and coastal area to off the shelf were studied. In addition, other biological and hydrographic variables were also sampled to describe and relate the environmental conditions with juvenile distribution and survival. This work will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms that determine recruitment variability and thus the fluctuations of the anchovy stock. Keywords: otolith, daily increments, anchovy, Bay of Biscay, enviromental factors


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Inventory of trapped organisms under Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 mantle, caught off Mauritania by Spanish freezer trawlers

JURADO-RUZAFA A., DUQUE V., CARRASCO M.N., GONZÁLEZ J.F., GONZÁLEZ-PORTO M. IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]). During the trawl fishing, diverse organisms that share the habitat with Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 are swept jointly and into the octopuses‘ mantle: cephalopods and other molluscs, juvenile and adult fish, crustaceans, algae, etc. This catch is not taken into account in the assessments, and it could be considered as by-catch and as bio-ecological indicators. Spanish cephalopod-targeted trawl fishery is being developed since 1963 in the Saharan Bank. Nowadays, this fishery is carried out by freezer trawlers in Mauritanian waters. Since the mid-70‘s researchers from the Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias (COC) based in Tenerife (belonging to the Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO)), have carried out biological studies and assessment of these resources. In 2003 the European Basic Data Collection Program (Regulation (EC) 1543/200) was established to accomplish the European requirements and to carry on this line of researching. From January 2010 to April 2011, an intense sampling program has been carried out over O. vulgaris by the Data Collection team from the COC-IEO, in collaboration with ANACEF (Asociación Nacional de Armadores de Buques Congeladores de Pesca de Cefalópodos). In this framework, weekly samples were kept frozen until their analysis. The organisms extracted from the octopus mantle were labelled and conserved after the biological samplings in the laboratory, and analyzed later. An inventory of species and pictures of them is presented. Keywords: Octopus vulgaris, by-catch, freezer trawlers


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Reproduction of black anglerfish (Lophius budegassa) in northern Spanish waters

LANDA J.1, ANTOLÍNEZ A.1, ÁMEZ M.1, BARRADO J.1, CASTRO B.2, CAÑÁS L.2, AUTÓN U.2, FARIÑA A.C.2, HERNÁNDEZ C.1 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña. SPAIN. Black anglerfish (Lophius budegassa) is a commercial bottom species captured in the Bay of Biscay. The annual assessment models, used for the knowledge of its population state, require reproduction information. This study provides updated sex ratio and maturity ogives to be used in the new assessment of black anglerfish in 2012. The samples were obtained mainly from the landings of commercial vessels and from the Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) research surveys, supported by IEO and UE Data Collection Regulation (DCR), from January 2006 to December 2010. The area sampled covered the Northern Spanish Atlantic waters (ICES Div. VIIIc-IXa). The total length, sex and gonad maturity of each specimen was recorded. A total of 904 black anglerfish were sexed. The gonads were staged macroscopically using a five-stage maturity scale that was international standardized (ICES, 2007). The sex ratio was 1:1.01 (50.30% of females). The L50 values were 49.22 cm for combined sexes, 43.04 cm for males and 62.44 cm for females. The values obtained of sex ratio and L50 are similar to those of previous studies. Keywords: reproduction, maturity, sex ratio, black-anglerfish, Lophius budegassa


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Back-calculation of length at age of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) based on dorsal fin spine annuli

LANDA J., RODRÍGUEZ-MARÍN E., LUQUE P.L., QUELLE P., RUIZ M. IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) is a high commercial value species which is captured in the Bay of Biscay. Age-structured models are used for its stock assessment, and the growth model for both Atlantic stocks is based on length frequency analysis and direct age estimation. Calcified structures also enable the estimation of fish lengths at earlier times along its lifespan, by means of the back-calculation method. This technique increases the number of available lengths at age, particularly for those ages that are not well represented in the landings. The sections of the first dorsal fin spine of T. thynnus from the North-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean, collected over the last decade, were measured and aged by counting the translucent annuli laid down in winter. The relationship between spine radius and fish length was fitted to a power model, although both the linear and power models showed good fit. The fish lengths were back-calculated by using two back-calculation equations (Fraser-Lee and Body Proportional Hypothesis). Von Bertalanffy growth parameters were estimated by using the back-calculated fish lengths at age. The mean lengths at age and the growth parameters obtained from both equations were similar. The results were compared with those of previous literature. Keywords: Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, growth, age estimation, back-calculation


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Genetic pattern of connectivity in the hake metapopulation of Biscay Bay

PITA A.1, LEAL A.2, PIÑEIRO C.2, PRESA P. 1 1 Universidad de Vigo, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. After several decades of scientific research on the European hake (Merluccius merluccius) from the North European Atlantic its genetic structure is still controversial. Recently, an open wide connectivity was described with genetic markers among all hake populations from the Bay of Biscay. Therefore, from a genetic perspective the Bay of Biscay is inhabited by a single panmictic population, a scenario that is incongruent with its splitting into stocks as considered by ICES. Such pattern of connectivity was defined as a southerly migration of fixed geometry and variable intensity among years. Using the same genetic markers, in this study we aimed at quantifying such migration and testing its variability between the two major fish grounds (Porcupine Bank – Great Sole and southern Bay of Biscay) in the last decade 2000–2010. We show that the Isolation by Distance model (IBD) is violated within the Bay of Biscay and that significant southerly migration rates are patent after bayesian inference. Present results tell on the overwhelming intensity of the southern migration that homogenizes the gene pool of Atlantic populations. Additionally, those years with higher migration rates coincide with the upwards shift (k=2) of the typical monotonic subpopulation value (k=1) in the Cantabric Sea. Altogether, these results confirm the predominant pattern of hake migration in the Bay of Biscay and the variability of its intensity. We also show that the use of molecular markers is a useful tool to measure fish migration which can dramatically improve our knowledge on population dynamics of this important fishery. Keywords: European hake, connectivity pattern, Bay of Biscay, genetic markers, hake metapopulation


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Interactions between demersal fisheries and the ecosystem in the area of influence of the Avilés Canyon

PUNZÓN A., ARRONTE J.C., SÁNCHEZ F., GARCÍA-ALEGRE A. IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) The Avilés Canyon is one of the 11 marine study areas within the INDEMARES project. Its aim is to obtain the necessary information to identify valuable areas for the Natura 2000 Network. The canyon is located off Cape Peñas (northern Spain). In its area of influence an important demersal fisheries are carried out. The fishing activity is affected by the bottom characteristics. In an overview, the net and set longline are used in the inner shelf and shelf-break. In these areas, the rocky bottoms are very important, with a mosaic distribution. On the medium and outer shelf, with sandy bottoms, take place the main trawl fisheries (otter and pair trawl). One of the major problems in the management of fisheries within the marine protected areas is to known how the ecosystem is used by the fisheries in space and time. We have used two main data source: the logbook information and the Vessel Monitoring System (VMS), both from industrial fisheries (trawlers, longliners and gillneters) from 2004 to 2006 (data facilitated by the Spanish Environment Ministry). Métiers were identified using the landings by specie, gear, day and ship from logbook data. The VMS data by boat and time were used to identify the location of each métier by day. All these results together with the information of habitat and bottom type (INDEMARES project and DEMERSAL surveys), have allowed us to analyse the relationships between fishing activity and ecosystems characteristics. In addition, an estimation of effective effort by space unit and time has been obtained. Keywords: fisheries, Avilés Canyon, ecosystem, interactions


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Using all the information: examining the possibilities of aggregated size composition to support fisheries management

RODRÍGUEZ-GUTIÉRREZ J.1, VELASCO E.M.2, ÁMEZ M.A.1, JUÁREZ A.3, QUINZÁN M.4, CEBRIÁN J.4 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. SPAIN. 3 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz. SPAIN. 4 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. Current EU Data Collection Framework (Council Regulation (EC) No 199/2008 and EC Decision 2008/949/EC) came into force in 2009. One of the major changes in the new regulation was the shift from a stock-based approach towards a fishery-based approach. The focus of this change is serving the needs for future fisheries management including the ecosystem approach as well as serving the data demands for existing stock-based assessments. Following the new regulation, the Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) has adopted since 2009 the concurrent sampling strategy, which implies that length structure of all species caught (on board sampling) or landed (market sampling) is obtained during a sampling operation. Compared with the previous scheme, in which only the main target species were sampled, the shift to concurrent sampling involves a significant increase in data obtained as non target species are also included. Size structures of the populations are basic data in many stock assessment models. The size structure of aggregated catches at a given point can be considered a snapshot showing the relation between the entire fished community and the exploitation pattern of the different fleets operating in the area. This poster presents some of the new information that is being collected in the market sampling programme in the North of Spain and discusses the possibilities of concurrent sampling to detect changes in exploitation patterns as well as its utility for fisheries management. Multi-species length structures obtained in concurrent sampling for the most important Spanish fleets operating in the Bay of Biscay are analyzed. Total size structure by fleets are shown and statistically compared, thus providing a base point to discuss the different ways community is being exploited as result of the size selective activity. This kind of approach using aggregated size compositions could be potentially used to support stock assessments and serve as ecosystem indicator for the new fishery-based management included in the next Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). Keywords: aggregated length structure, concurrent sampling, ecosystem management


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Anglerfish discard behavior in Spanish North Atlantic (ICES VIIIc, IXa) bottom trawl fisheries

SANTOS J., SALINAS I., PÉREZ N. IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) Discard behavior in Spanish North Atlantic (ICES VIIIc, IXa) coastal fisheries concerning anglerfish species (black anglerfish, L. budegassa and white anglerfish, Lophius piscatorius) is reviewed. Both species are considered high valuable in Spanish markets, being their stock under yearly assessment by the ICES Hake, Monk and Megrim Working Group (WGHMM). How assessment tools and other covariates interact with the onboard sorting process is herein evaluated by using advanced hierarchical regression models. Angler discards basically depends on length size of individuals caught. The length effect analysis across the years sampled reveled an increasing trend in length of first retention (L50) since 2000, the year when Minimum Landing Weight (MLW 500g) were implemented (CR 2406/96). Specific differences in the length-based sorting process was found, being the less valuable white angler discarded at larger lengths than the black species; further, the analysis found that discard decision is taken at narrower length range for black

angler. Specific differences during the onboard sorting process indicates that fishers recognize angler species even at low length sizes, conditioning the degree of adoption of MLW with regards to their relative market value. Keywords: discards, anglerfish, length size, sorting process, MLW


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Survivorship of hatchery reared sea urchins in the wild

SEGOVIA M.1, GONZÁLEZ-IRUSTA J.M., ANSORENA F.J.2, OJEA J.3, DE LA OZ S.4, CANTERAS J.C.2 1 Universidad de Alicante, Facultad de Ciencias. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 E.T.S.I. de Caminos, Canales y Puertos. Grupo de Ecología. Universidad de Cantabria. SPAIN. 3 Centro de Cultivos Marinos de Ribadeo. Consellería de Pesca e Asuntos Marítimos, Xunta de Galicia. SPAIN. 4 Centro de Experimentación Pesquera. Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Rural del Principado de Asturias. SPAIN. Sea urchin roe is a value food product. The fishery for the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus is of great importance to many European regions. Continued overexploitation has led to under supplied markets and an increased interest in urchin aquaculture (or equinoculture) in many countries (i.e. France, Ireland, Scotland, Spain...). Over the past two decades, there has been considerable research and some industrial interest and so, there is yet commercial-scale equinoculture for our species of study. Europe's first commercial sea-urchin operation is found in southern Irland: Dumanus Seafoods, established as a sea urchin hatchery in 1995, nowadays produces over 1 million juveniles of per year. More recently, a novel land-based rearing unit ―the UP System‖ has been developed to culture sea urchins quickly and efficiently. The synergy between capture fisheries and aquaculture is the opportunity to apply hatchery technology to restore and enhance some coastal fisheries through restocking and stock enhancement initiatives. A release of 1000 juveniles, hatchery reared Paracentrotus lividus, were used as a preliminary trial to examine their survivorship in the wild. Juveniles were marked by the fluorochrome calcein and release in an easy acess subtidal area. Survival up to 1 year post-release was estimated from successive recapture surveys and marker verification. Subsequent large-scale experiments are need. Our results are a first step in the needed research effort to asses the viability of restocking. Keywords: echinoid, juvenile survival, sea urchin, stock enhancement, restocking


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Fishing discards in the Spanish otter-trawl fishery: discard rates and indicators of bycatch of key species in North Iberian waters

VALEIRAS J.1, BELLIDO J.M.2, MENDOZA M.2, ARAÚJO H.1, PÉREZ N.1 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia. SPAIN. Discard data from onboard sampling were analyzed to study spatial distribution and abundance of species in relation to fishing variables. A multivariate analysis on abundance data was performed to characterize discard patterns. Eight species account for 69.3% of total discards by the trawl fishery. The most discarded species were three non-commercial crustaceans: Henslowi crab (Polybius

henslowi) and the squat lobsters (Munida intermedia, M. sarsi). The third bycatch species was the European hake (Merluccius merluccius) which has a discard ratio of 51% of the capture. Other important discarded species has a ratio of 22–88%: mackerel (Scomber scombrus), blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou), grey gurnard (Chelidonichthys gurnardus), four-spot megrim (Lepidorhombus boscii) and small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula). The rest of the species are the 23.3% of discarding and most are low or non commercial value and some accompanying species with commercial value. The spatial distribution and seasonal abundance shows differences for several species related to species ecology and fishing patterns. Indicators play a key role in gauging the exploitation and state of marine ecosystems and they are required to understanding the effects of fishing on marine ecosystems and to address the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) objectives. In this work we present pressure indicators describing catch and discards as well as state indicators describing the ecosystem or fish community. Several key indicators have been calculated from discard data: metier catch mean size, metier discard mean size, metier discard rate, MMS/MLS, relative landing diversity (Simpson landings/discards) and threatened species relative abundance. Keywords: discard, bycatch, indicators, trawl fishery


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Comparative biomass spectra of the landings from Spanish fleets operating in the Bay of Biscay

VELASCO E.M.1, JUÁREZ A.2, RODRÍGUEZ-GUTIÉRREZ J.3, CEBRIÁN J.L.4, ÁMEZ M.A.3, QUINZÁN M.4

1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz. SPAIN. 3 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. 4 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. Fisheries management in the EU relies on scientific advice, and is therefore dependent on accurate, relevant and up-to-date data. The current Data Collection Framework (DCF) will run since 2009 until 2013. A new sampling design was implemented: the concurrent sampling strategy, which implies the measure of all species caught during a vessel fishing trip. This new sampling methodology is been applied to the landings of the Spanish fleets operating in the Bay of Biscay, recording length data of a representative sample of target and non-target species for all métiers identified. The data collected over the period 2009–2010 allowed calculating the biomass size spectra of the landings. The analysis of size spectra is a useful tool for describing fish assemblages, based on the fish distribution among size classes notwithstanding the specific identity. These spectra were obtained by converting length-frequency distributions of individual fish species sampled into biomass-at-weight distributions, expressed as weight-at-size, using available length-weight relationships for each species. The different gear types studied —Bottom Otter Trawl (OTB), Bottom pair trawl (PTB), Lines (LLS, LLD), Trammel Net (GTR) and Gillnet (GNS) and Purse Seiner (PS)— were compared. The seasonal variability of the size spectrum was also studied. The possibility of using these joint biomass distributions to detect possible changes in future exploitation patterns and its application to fisheries management and assessment is further discussed. Keywords: biomass spectra, fisheries, concurrent sampling, Bay of Biscay


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Predicting suitable fishing areas in the Cantabrian Sea

VILELA R., BELLIDO J.M. IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) A predictive model of suitable fishing areas for the ICES area VIIIc was developed. This work is one of the objectives of the Project FAROS (Integral Networking of Fishing Sector Actors to Organize a

Responsible, Optimal and Sustainable Explotation of Marine Resources). Such a model aims the minimisation of discards/by-catch throughout this area by a real-time modelling of recent catches and discards. The selected Model makes use the Breiman-Cutler algorithm for classification (Random decision forest) to rate the environmental conditions of observed fishing suitable areas (i.e. areas with catches and low discard), and then to select areas of similar environmental conditions. Preliminary results using data from the observers on-board fishing vessels program from the Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) revealed the potential of this technique for both, short-time and long-time forecasting. The model need further testing and validation as some limitations were found regarding the number of observations needed to obtain an acceptable prediction accuracy and the environmental variables available for modelling. Keywords: Cantabrian Sea, Random forest, fisheries, modelling, forecasting


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TOPIC 6

ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS

ORAL SESSION


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Dentinal anomalies in teeth of common dolphins (Delphinus delphis): are they linked to sexual maturation and/or the exposure to anthropogenic POPs?

LUQUE P.L.1,2, PIERCE G.J.2,3, LEARMONTH J.A.2, SANTOS M.B.2,3, IENO E.2,4, LÓPEZ A.5, REID R.J.6, ROGAN E.7, GONZÁLEZ A.F.8, BOON J.9, LOCKYER C.H.10 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 School of Biological Sciences (Zoology), University of Aberdeen. UK 3 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. SPAIN. 4 Highland Statistics Ltd, Aberdeenshire. UK. 5 C.E.M.M.A, Pontevedra. SPAIN 6 SAC Veterinary Science Division, Inverness. UK. 7 ADC, Department of Zoology, Ecology and Plant Science, National University of Ireland. IRELAND. 8 CSIC, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Vigo. SPAIN 9 Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research. THE NETHERLANDS. 10 Age Dynamics, Kongens Lyngby. DENMARKER. The tooth ultra-structure of common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) from Scottish and Galician waters was examined to determine whether the incidence of mineralization anomalies could be related to certain life history events (e.g. the achievement of sexual maturation) as well as other factors that affect the general health of the individual (e.g. persistent organic pollutants). Five types of anomalies were recorded: accessory lines, marker lines, dentinal resorption, cemental disturbance and pulp stones and their occurrence were scored by sex, age and maturity state. Overall, the incidence of these anomalies tended to increase with age and it was slightly higher in Scottish than Galician common dolphin. Accessory lines were the most commonly recorded anomaly in both studied areas whereas pulp stones were least frequent in Galician and not appeared in Scottish dolphins. Fitted binary generalized linear and additive models indicated that the presence of cemental disturbance increased with age, body length and maturity in common dolphin from both studied areas. Maturity was the best predictor of the incidence of marker lines in Galician dolphins, while age and body length were of the incidence of dentinal resorption and accessory lines, respectively. Males displayed accessory lines more frequently than females whereas females displaying marker lines more frequently than males in both studied areas. The time course of appearance of dentinal resorption and cemental disturbance suggests that their occurrence could be related to the physiological stress linked to sexual maturation. In Galician dolphins, marker lines were found within incremental lines which coincided with the beginning of weaning and sexual maturation, suggesting an association with these two major life history events. No evidence was found that the presence of any tooth anomalies was significantly related to POP concentrations in the blubber. This study opens interesting avenues of the usefulness of recording tooth anomalies in common dolphins. Keywords: dentinal anomalies, teeth, common dolphins, anthropogenic persistent organic pollutant


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Impact of wastewater discharges on the water oxygenation of the Garonne River

LANOUX A.1,2, ETCHEBER H.1, ANSCHUTZ P.1, ABRIL G.1, GARABETIAN F.1, SOTTOLICHIO A.1, PELLOUX S.2 1 CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC, Talence. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Lyonnaise des Eaux, Centre Régional Bordeaux Aquitaine. FRANCE. European macrotidal estuaries are characterized by the presence of an Estuarine Turbidity Maximum (ETM) related to the long residence times of waters and Suspended Particulate Matters (SPM) in such systems. In this area, heterotrophy processes are largely dominant and the consequences on the dissolved oxygen contents of waters are very important. Therefore, the ETIAGE* Program (ETude Intégrée de l‘effet des Apports amont et locaux sur le fonctionnement de la Garonne Estuarienne, 2010–2013) intends to clarify the role of wastewaters on these oxygen contents decreases. Characterization of the urban waste from one of the most important wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of Bordeaux, reveals that treatment of dissolved material is less efficient than for the particulate matter, where we observed an average decrease of 75% for the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and 50% for ammonium nitrogen. However, several incubations reveal that this organic matter is highly biodegradable, with nearly 70% of DOC from raw water was mineralized in just five days. The waste of such a labile material can be problematic in the event of a dumping of raw water, resulting in oxygen consumption, depending on the time of the year. The MAGEST network recorded the consequence of a decennial storm event occurred at the end of June 2005 with an oxygen decrease. Moreover, this network has recorded the critical event of summer 2006 in Bordeaux where the dissolved oxygen was lower than 2 mg.l-1 for several hours per day. Such decreases of oxygen are noted in very specific conditions, such as high temperature, a constant supply of effluents, and both low flow and tidal coefficient, which involves long residence times for both waters and SPM near Bordeaux. *ETIAGE is supported by: Lyonnaise des Eaux, Communauté Urbaine de Bordeaux (CUB), Agence de l‘Eau Adour-Garonne (AEAG) and FEDER (via Préfecture de la Région). Keywords: dissolved oxygen, organic carbon, ammonium, wastewaters, Garonne River


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Contribution of urban wastewater inputs of Bordeaux to estuarine trace metal fluxes (Bay of Biscay, Gironde Estuary): results from ETIAGE project

DEYCARD V.1, BLANC G.1, SCHÄFER J.1, COYNEL A.1, LANCELEUR L.1, BOSSY C.1, DUTRUCH L.1, BETHKE L.1, VENTURA A.2, PELLOUX S. 2 1 CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC, Talence. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Lyonnaise des Eaux, Centre Régional Bordeaux Aquitaine. FRANCE. Inputs of metals by urban and industrial wastewater into coastal systems are of increasing interest to both scientists and managers facing increasingly restrictive environmental protection policies, population increase and changing metal applications. At the interface between urban and natural aquatic systems, wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) play an important role in metal budgets depending on their individual removal performance. Based on daily (24h-cumulated, flow-weighted) samples from the entries and the outlets of two major WWTP in Bordeaux covering 3 weeks, we evaluated dissolved and particulate fluxes and removal performance for 8 potentially toxic metals (Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in contrasting rainfall situations. We compared the daily metal fluxes from the Louis Fargue (WWTPLF) and Clos de Hilde (WWTPCH) WWTP into the fluvial reaches of the Gironde Estuary (Garonne Branch) to those transported by the Garonne River under low discharge. Removal rates (70–90%) depended on the element and were similar for both WWTP whatever the rainfall situation. During short intense summer rainstorms, wastewater flow into the WWTPLF and

WWTPCH increased by up to 60% and 30%. At the same time, metal outputs into the Gironde Estuary increased by factors of 3.5 (As, Ni) to 18 (Pb) and up to 4.6 (Pb), respectively. The resulting Zn, Cu, and Pb (14.7, 8.2, and 1.8 kg/day) daily outlet fluxes at WWTPLF were similar to the respective watershed-derived fluxes in the Garonne River (watershed area ~57,000 km2) typically observed during low-discharge. For Ag, outlet fluxes during rainstorms were similar to or even higher than fluvial fluxes (~13 g/day) for both WWTPs. The present results suggest that during rainstorms urban metal inputs via WWTP may significantly increase metal concentrations and fluxes in the fluvial Gironde Estuary and impact water quality before being expulsed to the Bay of Biscay. Keywords: urban, metal, fluxes, estuary, wastewater


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Speciation and cycling of mercury species in coastal waters influenced by the Adour Estuary (Bay of Biscay, SW France)

SHARIF A.1, MONPERRUS M.1, TESSIER E.1, PINALY H.1, MARON P.2, AMOUROUX D.1 1 CNRS-Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, IPREM-LCABIE, Pau. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Université de Pau et des Pays de L‘Adour, LASAGEC2-IVS, Anglet. FRANCE. Along estuarine-coastal continuum (river plume), mercury may undergo significant changes in speciation due to changes in salinity regime, biological productivity, properties of the dissolved organic matter and photochemical reactivity. These changes drastically control the net amount and bioavailability of monomethyl Hg (MeHg+) transferred to the coastal zone via transformation processes. The objective of this work is to investigate the distribution of MeHg+, Hg2+ and gaseous Hg in coastal plume waters of the Adour River (South Bay of Biscay, France), and to characterize the role of such coastal mixing zone in their biogeochemical reactivity. Samples were collected in April 2007 and May 2010 on board RV ‗Côte de la Manche‘ (CNRS/INSU). The surface variability and vertical distributions of the Hg species were characterized for both campaigns. Specific 24h surface water incubation experiments were performed using isotopically enriched tracers (199Hg2+ and Me201Hg) to investigate the biotic and abiotic transformation processes. The distribution of gaseous Hg fluxes at the air-water interface was computed as a function of wind speed and gaseous mercury saturation. Higher Total Hg concentration obtained in April 2007 (range: 0.5–1.0 ng/l) which originate from spring flood in the Adour River. However, MeHg+ and Hg2+ concentrations both in dissolved and particulates, for both campaigns (range: 20–30 pg/l and 0.4–0.9 ng/l), respectively. Methylation remains low within the estuarine plume (yield range: 0–0.4%/day) while, MeHg is efficiently demethylated via biotic and abiotic pathways (yield range: 6.0–50%/day). Transformation model used to predict the fate of MeHg+ shows that most stations for both campaigns are a sink of MeHg+. Overall, while the Adour river plume exhibits significant MeHg demethylation and gaseous Hg evasion to the atmosphere, the net MeHg estuary input into the coastal zone and uptake into the food chain remains to be evaluated. Keywords: mercury, speciation, coastal water, GC-ICP-IDMS


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Dissolved oxygen distribution and their relationships with nutrients and organic matter in the estuaries of the Basque coast (SE Bay of Biscay)

VALENCIA V., LARRETA J., REVILLA M., ZORITA I., FRANCO J., BORJA Á. AZTI-Tecnalia, Pasaia. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) An adequate concentration of dissolved oxygen is necessary to support most forms of aquatic life. While low levels of dissolved oxygen can be natural, hypoxia in estuarine and coastal waters is frequently the result of human activities that have increased nutrients and organic matter loads entering river and estuaries basins. A data set, from 1995 to 2010, was compiled for 12 estuaries in the Basque coast, which included oxygen concentration and percentage saturation and water chemistry (nutrients and total organic carbon) taken in the frame of the Littoral Water Quality Monitoring and Control Network of the Basque country. Relationships between the variables involved in the dissolved oxygen balance are presented and discussed. The occurrence of different thresholds of the dissolved oxygen percentage of saturation, from normoxia to severe hypoxia, shows high variability among the estuaries. In general, the frequency and the intensity of the hypoxic events do not follow a seasonal pattern, depending more on the morphology of the estuaries and the precedent hydro-climatic conditions than on the water temperature. Moreover, related with the estuarine dynamics, short-term variability has been observed, with noticeable duality between surface and bottom and between high and low tide. The highest occurrence of hypoxia has been registered in the inner reaches of the Oiartzun Estuary (more than 30% of the data below the 45% of oxygen saturation). Decreasing frequencies of hypoxia conditions have been recorded in the Nerbioi, Artibai, Oka, Deba and Butroe Estuaries. For the remainder 6 estuarine systems of the Basque coast the low dissolved oxygen conditions are below the 10% of the measurements. Hypoxia conditions are related with high organic carbon concentrations, modifications of the nutrient ratios and changes of oxidized and reduced nitrogen proportions. Data from complementary studies indicate denitrification and sulphate-reduction processes in these conditions. Keywords: dissolved oxygen, nutrients, organic carbon, estuaries, Bay of Biscay


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Recovery of Zostera noltii donor areas, after extraction for restoration purposes, at the Basque country (Spain)

GARMENDIA J.M., VALLE M., BORJA Á., CHUST G., FRANCO J. AZTI-Tecnalia, Pasaia. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) Seagrasses form a relevant element within estuarine ecosystems as they provide a great variety of ‗ecosystem services‘. These aquatic angiosperms have a key role on coastal margins: enhancement of productivity and biodiversity; improvement of water quality; and coastal protection to erosion. For all this, protection and conservation of seagrasses constitute an increasing demand by ecologists, naturalists and managers. Furthermore, their relevance has increased along the 20th Century due to the drastic worldwide decrease of their spatial extent induced mainly by human coastal activities, contamination, and habitat loss. As a consequence, restoration projects have been carried out through habitat recovery and specimen reintroductions. Transplantation is one of the most used options for the recovery of seagrasses. Since 2009 transplants of Zostera noltii intertidal populations between Basque estuaries have been carried out. They have consisted on extracting bottom patches from donor areas and transplanting at receiving sites; consequently, some physical alteration at donor sites has been made. Two strategies were used in the last step of the extraction: filling or not filling the produced holes. The aim of this study is to assess the time required by the seagrasses for a natural recovery at these sites. Monitoring the donor sites has included photography and measurement of the depth of the hole and the density of plants. Results of the monitoring program have shown different recovery times in both followed strategies. We conclude that filling the hole just after the extraction of patches is a best practice which leads to a faster recovery of the impact. The obtained conclusion could contribute to improve future restoration activities, highlighting the importance that the last step of refilling holes has in the final global result of a restoration program. Keywords: Zostera noltii, seagrasses, recovery, extraction, transplant


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Application of landscape mosaics for the biological quality assessment of subtidal macroalgae communities using the CFR index

GRACIA A.1, GUINDA X.1, PUENTE A.1, JUANES J.A.1, RZHANOV Y.2, MAYER L.A.2 1 IH Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Center for Coastal & Ocean Mapping - Joint Hydrographic Center, University of New Hampshire. USA. The assessment of anthropogenic impacts on coastal waters is an important task to accomplish under the European Water Directive Framework (WFD2000/60/EEC). Macroalgae are one of the biological quality elements that must be considered, but their assessment has been generally limited to intertidal areas. In this work the suitability of using landscape mosaicing techniques for the application of the CFR index in subtidal areas is analyzed. The study was carried out at two impacted areas (urban and industrial discharges) and at a control site located on the coast of Cantabria (N Spain). Underwater video transects of 5–20 m length were recorded by scuba divers at three depth ranges and treated with specific application software in order to build landscape mosaics of the assessment sites. Each mosaic was then introduced into a Geographical Information System, where all distinguishable macroalgae species were identified and their coverages measured. Subsamples of different areas (0.25 m2, 0.5 m2, 1 m2 and 2.5 m2) were extracted from each mosaic for the estimation of the indicators which compose the CFR index (characteristic macroalgae coverage, fraction of opportunistics and characteristic macroalgae richness). The stations located near the industrial discharge obtained bad qualities at all depths, while the stations located near the urban discharge and the control site obtained moderate to high qualities depending on depth ranges and sample sizes. Deeper samples produced lower CFR values, mainly associated to lower characteristic macroalgae coverages. On the other hand, bigger samples produced higher CFR values, mainly associated to higher richness values, and more accurate results, due to smaller variability in the replicates. The use of landscape mosaicing techniques have provided a new tool for the study of subtidal environments by allowing the visualization of extensive subtidal areas, which has been very useful for the application of the CFR index. Keywords: mosaics, CFR index, subtidal macroalgae, pollution, Water Framework Directive


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Development of the large fish indicator EcoQO for the southern Bay of Biscay fish community

MODICA L.1, VELASCO F.2, PRECIADO I.2, SOTO M.3 1 TRAGSATEC. SPAIN. 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 3 IEO, Sede Central de Madrid. SPAIN. Size-Based Indicators (SBI) are useful for studying fishing impacts following an Ecosystem Approach; they allow monitoring the impact of fishing on the fish community. The Large Fish Indicator (LFI) is a SBI currently applied to different areas to define a fish community Ecological Quality Objective (EcoQO) useful for assessment and management following the EAFM. The LFI is defined as the ―proportion by weight of fish larger than a size threshold in the assemblage‖. This indicator reflects differences in community size distributions. A key question is the regionalization of concepts as: 1) the threshold used to define large and 2) what LFI is a suitable EcoQO in the fish community in different regions and seas. In the present study the LFI is regionalised to the demersal fish and elasmobranches community from the southern Bay of Biscay using data of more than 40 species between 1990 and 2010. First we explored the species complex and the body size threshold that responded more clearly to fishing pressure, to reduce noise from environmental pressures. Following approach used in the North Sea and the Celtic Sea, 35 cm was chosen as an appropriated size threshold for the LFI in the southern Bay of Biscay. The combination of fishing mortality data with the LFI evolution suggest that fish stocks and by-catch species were heavily exploited in the early 1990s. In the second decade combined fishing mortality went down and two different periods were revealed. The southern Bay of Biscay LFI showed maximum observed values of 0.46 in 1991, but values between 0.25 and 0.35 are proposed as a suitable EcoQO since it reflects the more stable and sustainable exploitation of fish stock of the last years analysed and, considering the relationship between species richness and body size, it represents the heterogeneous fish community analysed. Keywords: Size-Based Indicator, Large Fish Indicator, Ecological Quality Objective, fish and

elasmobranches community, S Bay of Biscay


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Trophodynamic effects of trawling disturbance on a habitat-structuring species, the Atlantic sea urchin Gracilechinus acutus (Lamarck, 1816)

GONZÁLEZ-IRUSTA J.M.1, PRECIADO I.2, PUNZÓN A.2, SERRANO A.2 1 TRAGSATEC. SPAIN. 2 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) The Cantabrian shelf is subject to strong fishing trawling pressure. This gear affects not only the target species, but the whole ecosystem as well, being one of the most damaging fishing activities. In this area, Gracilechinus acutus is the most common echinoid species, being the dominant species in some types of bottom. This urchin is a habitat-structuring species and also can be considered a vulnerable species suitable as biological indicator. The new European Marine Strategy Framework Directive promotes the integration of environmental considerations into all relevant policy areas, and specifically establishes a list of descriptors which includes the evaluation of the ecosystems functional diversity. Changes in ecosystem trophic-related functions of individual species can be assessed using C and N stable isotopes. This method has advantages over conventional methods of dietary analysis, such as gut content analysis where identification is often laborious and complex. The aim of this study is to test if trawling pressure can induce changes in the trophic level of a habitat-structuring species and if the stable isotopes are a suitable indicator to find out those changes. In total, 432 urchins were analyzed, distributed in 70 trawls carried out on areas exposed to three different trawling pressure levels. Our results show that intensive trawling disturbance has significant effect on the abundance, mean size, repletion index and trophic level of the sea urchin G. acutus. Furthermore, the trophic level of G. acutus shows an increasing trend in areas exposed to heavy trawling levels. Stable isotopes are an easy and fast method to assay functional diversity changes between areas. Keywords: trawling impacts, trophodynamics changes, stable isotopes, Gracilechinus acutus


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Stable isotope composition trace anthropogenic carbon and nitrogen processing in benthic food webs of A Coruña (NW Spain)

BODE A.1, FERNÁNDEZ C.2, MOMPEÁN C.1, PARRA S.1, ROZADA F.1, VALENCIA J.1, VIANA I.G.1 1 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Unidad de Ecología. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas. Universidad de Oviedo. SPAIN. Coastal ecosystems receive growing inputs of anthropogenic nutrients and organic matter. These inputs are rapidly processed by littoral communities affecting their biogeochemistry, species composition and trophic relationships. In this study the effect of inputs of organic matter and anthropogenic nitrogen at small spatial scales are investigated in the Bay of A Coruña (NW Spain). This bay is characteristically enriched in nutrients provided either by coastal upwelling or by urban and agricultural waste. Stable isotope composition in trophic guilds of benthic species revealed significant differences between sites related to their nutrient inputs. The largest differences occurred at the base of the food web (i.e. filter and deposit feeders) while carnivores showed no differences between sites. High enrichment in heavy nitrogen isotopes in nearly all benthic species and trophic guilds suggested the influence of sewage-derived nitrogen, despite large inputs of new nitrogen from coastal upwelling. Moreover, the depletion in heavy nitrogen isotopes of primary consumers in sediments with a high organic content is indicative of intense nitrification and denitrification as occurred during microbial processing of sewage. Intertidal organisms also reflected differential anthropogenic inputs in the bay. Macroalgae (Fucus vesiculosus) resulted significantly enriched in heavy nitrogen isotopes at sites near large urban areas. In contrast, no differences were found in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) of the same areas, thus suggesting a major dependence on marine nutrient sources for this species. The measurement of stable isotope signatures in various compartments revealed that despite anthropogenic nutrients are readily incorporated into local food webs there is still a large influence of natural marine nutrient sources in this coastal upwelling ecosystem. Keywords: stable isotopes, benthos, carbon, nitrogen, sewage, upwelling


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TOPIC 6

ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS

POSTER SESSION


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Benthic fluxes of metallic contaminants and redox-sensitive metals in subtidal and intertidal zones of the Arcachon Bay (Bay of Biscay, SW France)

BOUCHET S.1, RODRÍGUEZ GONZÁLEZ P.1, PINEL P.1, TESSIER E.1, MONPERRUS M.1, THOUZEAU G.2, CLAVIER J.2, ANSCHUTZ P.3, AMOUROUX D.1 1 CNRS-Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, IPREM-LCABIE, Pau. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 CNRS-Université Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR, Plouzané. FRANCE. 3 CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC, Talence. FRANCE. Trace metals concentrations in shallow coastal waters might be tightly controlled by benthic exchanges. However, benthic fluxes evaluations remain sparse for several trace metals, mainly because simple and accurate analytical methodologies were lacking. Recently, straightforward methodologies for trace metals or organometals analysis by ICP-MS in complex matrix were developed, taking advantage of the collision/reaction cell technology. For trace metals, it now enables the measurement of many trace metals in seawater simply after a ten-times dilution. Following those developments, the fate of several trace metals (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Pb, Sb, U, V and TBT) was studied in the Arcachon Bay, a mesotidal lagoon on the French Atlantic coast. Bottom water ambient concentrations and benthic exchanges were measured with benthic chambers operated by scuba divers in late winter, spring and late summer at three different stations (2 intertidal stations located on tidal flats differing by the presence of a macrophyte cover and a subtidal station). Tidal cycle surveys were also carried out in spring and late summer to examine the variability of bulk and dissolved concentrations in the water column at the subtidal station downward the tidal flats. Some of the main elements showed an overall remobilization from (Mn, Co) or immobilization (U, V) in sediments but for most of them, the median flux calculated over three seasons is closed to zero, although they still exhibited spatial dynamic exchanges. U, Mo, Co and Ba exchange intensities were found to vary seasonally. TBT benthic exchanges from those non contaminated sites remain very low but still showing TBT back-diffusion to the water column. Tidal cycle surveys demonstrated significant variations of the bulk and dissolved concentrations for most of the elements. Those variations are consistent with elemental remobilization from tidal flats sediments during inundation and pore-waters seeping at low tide. Keywords: benthic flux, trace metals, tributyltin, tidal flats, Arcachon Bay


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Response of benthic macrofauna to an oil pollution: lessons from the “Prestige” oil spill in the South of the Bay of Biscay (France)

CASTÈGE I.1, MILON E.1, PAUTRIZEL F.2 1 Centre de la mer de Biarritz. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Biarritz Océan, Musée de la Mer de Biarritz. FRANCE. The ―Erika‖ oil spill which impacted the Bay of Biscay ecosystems in December 1999. This confirms that reference state of benthic ecosystems was needed in order to assess the impact of an oil spill especially on benthic communities. Since 2002, the benthic community is monitored on the Guethary‘s rocky foreshore (France). The standardized and quantitative monitoring method counts 20 geographically referenced quadrats spread on 3 littoral zones: supralittoral, mediolittoral and infralittoral zone. The same year of the setting up of these monitoring, the ―Prestige‖ sunk near to the Finisterre Cape in Galicia (Spain) with 77000 tons of fuel on board spilling some 63000 tons at sea. The oil slick which followed the shipwreck impacted the Guethary‘s foreshore in early 2003. After the ―Prestige‖ oil spill, the specific richness decreased in the studied area with a loss of 22 species: from 68 in 2002 (before the shipwreck) to 46 species in 2004. Mediolittoral zones were the most impacted. The following years, species richness increased significantly (p=0.0336) up to a level observed prior to the oil spill. Temporal variations in community structure of benthic macrofauna among years are revealed by detailed analysis. Some polluo-sensitive species disappeared after 2002 and didn‘t reappear yet (e.g. Hymeniacidon sanguinea) and some reappeared two or three years later (e.g. Amphipholis squamata,

Echinus esculentus…). The benthic community seems to show resilience of this ecosystem since 2007 although a new composition of macrofauna populations is observed. On overall aspect, the complexity of the benthic ecosystem response in front of oil spills confirms the need of regularly updated baseline to assess the impact of pollutions and more generally for the conservation of the marine biodiversity. Keywords: oil spill, benthic macrofauna, rocky shore, community structure


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Monitoring of organometallic compounds in oysters from the Arcachon Bay: spatial and seasonal variations

CAVALHEIRO J., MONPERRUS M., PREUD‘HOMME H., AMOUROUX D. CNRS-Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, IPREM-LCABIE, Pau. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) Organo-tin and -mercury compounds are important pollutants in aquatic systems that can respectively be both anthropogenically introduced and naturally formed in the environment. Arcachon Bay is very famous for its oyster farming activity. Nevertheless, this sensible area is under pressure due to the development of various activities implying chronic pollutants inputs. We report in this presentation the monitoring of organometallic compounds (organomercury and organotin compounds) in oysters collected from 6 stations of the Arcachon Bay and for each season during 2 years. Robust and sensitive analytical methods for the determination of these compounds in environmental matrices will be required for their accurate quantification in such complex biological matrix. With the introduction of isotopic dilution, accuracy and precision of the analytical techniques are improved. Indeed, isotopic dilution allows to avoid errors due to non quantitative sample preparation, losses or transformations of the species. To answer these questions, we have developed a speciated isotope dilution mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of mercury and tin compounds (MeHg, IHg, MMT, DMT, TMT, MBT, DBT, TBT, MPT, DPT, TPT) in biological samples. Special attention has been paid to ensure optimal GC/MS conditions allowing good separation of the different species, excellent precision on isotope ratios measurement and low detection limits. As a routine and inexpensive method, GC/MS accomplishes results which were then compared and validated with more sensitive analytical methods (GC-ICPMS and GC-MSMS). Keywords: organometallic compounds, oysters, bioaccumulation


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Methylmercury in European glass eels from the Bay of Biscay: concentration level and impact on the migratory behaviour

CLAVEAU J.1, MONPERRUS M.2, PINALY H.2, BARDONNET A.1, AMOUROUX D.2, BOLLIET V.1 1 INRA-Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, Ecobiop, Saint Pée sur Nivelle. FRANCE/UFR Sciences et Techniques Côte Basque, Anglet. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 UMR IPREM Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, Pau. FRANCE. The European eel, (Anguilla anguilla), reproduces in the Sargasso Sea and the leptocephalus larvae, characterized by the accumulation of energy stores for metamorphosis and estuarine migration, use ocean currents to migrate to European coastal areas. When they reach the continental shelf, they metamorphose into glass eels which enter estuaries and then migrate up using flood tide transport to join rivers for growth. Overall recruitment of European eel remarkably decreased since the early 1980ies. Although a coherent explanation for this phenomenon is still missing, several possible causes are under suspicion, among others: overfishing, oceanographic/climatic changes, migration inhibitors, parasites and infectious diseases and contamination of aquatic habitats with xenobiotics. Industrial contamination of estuaries and river systems with toxic metals can have long-term effects on the metal body burdens. This is particularly true in the case of mercury which is not only converted from a relatively toxic inorganic species to a very toxic organometal species (methylmercury, (MeHg), but also bioaccumulates in aquatic biota. In this work, mercury species concentrations were measured at the individual levels in marine and estuarine glass eels collected in the South West France (Bay of Biscay). A performant analytical method using GC-ICPMS for the determination of mercury species in glass eels has been used. The developed methodology is able to analyse the mercury species accurately and precisely using multiple species-specific isotope dilution, allowing to correct for species transformations during the analytical procedure. Low detection limits are achieved (0.007 and 0.17 mg Hg Kg-1 for MeHg and IHg respectively) allowing the individual low mass sample analysis (some tens of mg). The purpose of this study was (i) to investigate seasonal and annual fluctuations of glass eels contamination; (ii) to compare contamination in marine and estuarine glass eels and (iii) to evaluate the impact of MeHg bioaccumulation on glass eels migratory. Keywords: glass eels, methylmercury, migration


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Changes of water quality and biological communities in response to sewerage implementation in transitional waters: the case of the Nervión Estuary (N Spain)

FRANCO J.1, BORJA Á.1, MENCHACA I.1, DE LA SOTA A.2, REVILLA M.1, RODRÍGUEZ G.1, VILLATE F.3 1 AZTI-Tecnalia, Pasaia. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Consorcio de Aguas Bilbao-Bizkaia, Bilbao. SPAIN. 3 Departmento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad del País Vasco. SPAIN. The Nervión Estuary is a 22 km long system formed by the tidal part of the Nervión River (N Spain). Because of the intense industrial development of the area since the mid-19th century and the increase in the density of the population, the estuary received wastes from many sources. This degraded drastically the environmental quality of the estuary, leading to a great impoverishment of the biological communities. Consequently, in order to reverse this situation of poor environmental quality, a sewerage scheme was approved in 1979. The ‗clean-up‘ of water began in 1991 (physico-chemical treatment) and the biological treatment came into operation in 2001. In order to survey the evolution of the estuarine quality, a monitoring programme (including physico-chemistry and contaminants in water and sediments and the main biological communities), began in 1989. The results from this monitoring program show that water quality is clearly improving: concentrations of bacteria and nutrients are significantly decreasing and dissolved oxygen and transparency are significantly increasing. This implies that the system has a greater ecological potential. In fact, biological communities are progressively colonizing the inner parts of the estuary. Of special relevance is the improvement of the oxygen conditions. The water quality standard, that was established as 60% of oxygen saturation, is close to be fulfiled along the entire estuary. This has allowed the recovery of the biological communities. Conclusions on the response/recovery time of biological elements and physico-chemical variables in response to management actions will be emphasized, thus providing interesting information for modelling scenarios on ecological potential assessment and improvement. Keywords: Nervión Estuary, sewerage scheme, water quality, oxygen, environmental recovery


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Analysis of extreme hydrological events (river and tidal floods) in the Medoc vineyards and consequences on the metal pollution of the Gironde Estuary

KESSACI K.1, COYNEL A.1, GASSIAT A.2, PETIT K.2, SCHÄFER J.1, BLANC G.1

1 CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC, Talence. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IRSTEA, Unité ADBX, Cestas. FRANCE. The ADAPT‘EAU research project (ANR CEP&S) intends to assess the vulnerability of environments and societies to the impacts of Global Change on river-estuarine environments. During the last decades, the Gironde Estuary has been affected by major storm events (e.g. Martin in 1999, Xynthia in 2010), which caused river and tidal floods that temporarily submerged urban and agricultural lands. In the context of regional environmental changes forecast (e.g. sea level rise, urbanization, changing agriculture), there are uncertainties on the frequency of extreme events (storms, floods) and their impacts on metal mobilization from temporarily submerged land surfaces, particularly from copper (Cu) contaminated vineyard soils. Based on an interdisciplinary approach coupling geochemistry, geomatics and geography, our study aims at characterizing extreme events in one of the largest areas of red wine production (Medoc; left bank of the Gironde Estuary) using the prefectural orders on natural catastrophes published in the Official Journal from 1982 to 2011 (database GASPAR; French Ministry of Ecology) associated with a weather events database. In identified flood-stricken sites, vineyard soils were collected and leached by natural waters under laboratory conditions in order to (i) simulate the effects of river floods (soil with freshwater) and tidal floods (soil with estuarine water) and (ii) investigate the physico-chemical processes of metal leaching or adsorption on soils. The parameters of the incubations (duration, temperature, salinity) were determined from the event characteristics. Our first experimentations simulating prolonged river flood (20 days) showed significant Cu desorption increasing Cu levels in freshwater by a factor 5. We discuss the potential impact of water flooding in intra-estuarine watersheds with similar land uses on the water quality of the Gironde Estuary by comparing metal mobilization to metal gross fluxes transported by the Garonne River to the coastal ocean. Keywords: tidal and river floods, Gironde Estuary, metal experimentation, vineyard soils,

environmental changes


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Study of environmental impact of effluents from the Urban Community of Bordeaux (CUB) on the Garonne River waters quality: the ETIAGE program

LANOUX A.1, ETCHEBER H.1, BUDZINSKI H.1, BLANC G.1, SCHÄFER J.1, LEPAGE M.2, SAUTOUR B.1, BACHELET G.1, BAUDRIMONT M.1 1 CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC, Talence. FRANCE. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IRSTEA, Centre de Bordeaux, Cestas. FRANCE. European macrotidal estuaries are characterized by long residence times both for waters and suspended matters, due to tidal influence, which induces an Estuarine Turbidity Maximum (ETM) development. In this area, heterotrophy by far dominates autotrophy and consequences on the dissolved oxygen contents of waters are very important. The European Water Directive requires the good ecological status/potential of waters by 2015. Therefore, the ETIAGE* program (ETude Intégrée de l‘effet des Apports amont et locaux sur le fonctionnement de la Garonne Estuarienne, 2010–2013) intends to clarify the real impact of wastewaters on these oxygen contents decreases, behaviour of pollutants and response of biological populations. The ETIAGE project is a multidisciplinary program concerning wastewaters of the city of Bordeaux divided in 4 different research axes: (a) study of their organic load and their impact on the Garonne waters oxygenation; (b) study of their organic pollutants (PCB, pesticide and pharmaceutical substances…); (c) study of their metallic pollutants contents (atmospheric, river and urban); (d) study of local or migratory biologic population responses. The ultimate goal of theses researches is to achieve a good ecological status/potential of waters in 2015, and to help managers to take the most appropriate decisions, concerning strategies for effluent emissions and a good management of this estuarine area. *ETIAGE is supported by: Lyonnaise des Eaux, Communauté Urbaine de Bordeaux (CUB), Agence de l‘Eau Adour-Garonne (AEAG) and FEDER (via la Préfecture de la Région). Keywords: waters oxygenation, organic pollutants, metallic pollutants, wastewaters, Gironde Estuary


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Characterization of the metals sources in the Basque estuaries (Bay of Biscay)

LEGORBURU I., LARRETA J., GALPARSORO I., BORJA Á. AZTI-Tecnalia, Pasaia. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) Historically, Basque estuaries have been subjected to a large amount of human pressures that degraded significantly their environmental quality. In this sense, sediments are a good indicator of anthropogenic impacts as they can act as a sink of contaminants, providing time-integrated information of the contamination from a particular area. Moreover, depending on the physico-chemical conditions of the pollutants trapped in sediments, they can be released into the water column, turning sediments into a new source of pollution. According to Water Framework Directive requirements, Member States must establish control measures for a number of pollutants in the Management Plan of a water body. Hence, the identification of point and diffuse pollution sources becomes necessary in the development of such plans. In this contribution, an analysis of the pressures affecting the distribution of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in the sediments of 9 Basque estuaries has been performed. Results revealed high human pressure levels to which the Oiartzun and Nervión Estuaries are subjected, and the importance of punctual discharges originated by industrial and slag storage activities in the metal concentration and spatial distribution on sediments. Moreover, a diffuse source for Pb and Zn from stormwater runoff has been observed. In order to study such diffuse source, GIS-modelling approach was used using parameters such as land uses, soil types, land covers and different precipitation scenarios in the watersheds draining of those estuaries. Keywords: metals, sediment, point source, diffuse source, estuary, Bay of Biscay


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Marine litter in the southern Bay of Biscay: distribution, trends and potential effects on benthic habitats

LÓPEZ-LÓPEZ L.1, GONZÁLEZ-IRUSTA J.M.1, TELLO O.2, PUNZÓN A.3, SERRANO A.3 1 TRAGSATEC. SPAIN. 2 IEO, Sede Central de Madrid. SPAIN. 3 IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) The distribution of macro-debris on the continental shelf and upper slope of the southern Bay of Biscay was investigated using annual data from the IBTS survey DEMERSALES in the period 2006–2010. Considering possible sources of marine litter, different pressures such as fleet activity on shipping lanes and fishing grounds, coastal population, distance to port and distance to river mouth were used to explain the distribution of litter with a 5x5 nm resolution. Amongst those litter types most likely to cause ecological harm, plastic items were the most commonly found type in the area. Plastic pieces corresponded mainly to small items with a median weight under 100 g. Fishing derived litter such as nets, ropes and lobsterpots were also found in large numbers. In general, the amount of marine litter decreased from circalittoral to bathyal habitats and from fine to coarse sediments. Diet analyses of demersal fish and elasmobranches feeding habits in these habitats showed ingestion of macro-debris was incidental. Although a slight decrease in the amount of litter has been noticed during the last five years, mixed results arose from the trends in number of items found, pointing out to the current difficulties in monitoring due to the effect of degradation on litter items. Keywords: marine litter, marine pollution, Bay of Biscay


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Application of passive samplers and bioassays to characterize the impact of an effluent plume: an example in the Oiartzun Estuary (southeastern Bay of Biscay)

MONTERO N.1, BELZUNCE-SEGARRA M.J.1, GONZÁLEZ J.L.2, GARMENDIA J.M.1, MENCHACA I.1, FRANCO J.1 1 AZTI-Tecnalia, Pasaia. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 IFREMER, La Seyne sur Mer. FRANCE. The Water Framework Directive (WFD; 2000/60/EC) aims to achieve a ‗good ecological and chemical status‘ for all European water bodies by 2015. However, it focuses on the biological elements of the system; therefore, it would be convenient to measure the contaminants fraction that could be more easily related to potential biological effects. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the applicability of techniques based on the labile fraction of contaminants to characterize the impact of an effluent plume. The Oiartzun Estuary (southeastern Bay of Biscay) has been highly contaminated by the surrounding industries and shipyard activities. Twelve stations were chosen along the estuary and water was assessed by a metal-specific passive sampler (Diffusive Gradient in Thin-Films; DGTs). Also, at the outermost stations, located inside the harbour domain, in situ sea-urchin bioassays (48 h) were performed and water samples were collected during a tidal cycle. In the laboratory, composite water samples were evaluated by the sea-urchin bioassay and Toxicity Identification and Evaluation procedures (TIEs) were applied to identify the chemicals responsible of the observed toxicity. TIEs consist on the physical/chemical manipulation of samples to reduce the bioavailability of specific contaminants and to establish cause-effect relationships. A decrease in metal concentrations, as measured by DGTs, from the inner riverine stations to the mouth of the estuary was observed. Moreover, a downwards pollution gradient was observed from the inner part of the harbour domain to the mouth of the estuary, as demonstrated by the increase in the survival of sea-urchin larvae in in situ and laboratory bioassays. Additionally, metals were identified as the contaminants responsible of the observed toxicity by means of TIEs. On basis of our results, the application of techniques based on contaminants labile fraction seems promising for the assessment of the impact of effluents. Keywords: passive sampler, bioassay, estuary, toxicity, effluent plume


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Skill of climate models on wave climate projections in the Bay of Biscay

PÉREZ J., MENÉNDEZ M., MÉNDEZ F.J. 1 IH Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria. SPAIN. (e-mail: [email protected]) In this study, regional wave climate projections in the Bay of Biscay have been performed from the Global Climate Models (GCMs) of Fourth Assessment report (AR4). A statistical downscaling has been applied to estimate local wave climate projections in the region. The downscaling is based on the fact that local wave climate is controlled by the large scale circulation patterns by means of this statistical relationship, Y=f(x), where the predictand, Y, represents the local wave climate characteristics and the predictor, X, is a particular synoptic-scale weather type. The selected predictor is the 3-days-averaged sea level pressure (SLP) fields. The SLP fields are synthesized using several data mining tools (principal components and K-means clustering techniques) to obtain 100 representative weather types. We have analyzed the performance of SLP fields of the different GCMs in the northeast Atlantic Ocean to evaluate the credibility of climate projections in the region. GCM performance has been evaluated by checking the differences between the GCM historical reconstructions and reanalysis data, taken as quasi-observations, throughout a control period from 1961 to 1990. Two important factors have been analyzed in this comparison: the skill of GCMs to show the most important synoptic situations and the skill of GCMs to reproduce the historical inter-annual time-scale variability. Consistency of GCMs experiments during projections has also been evaluated. Finally, GCMs which better reproduce historical data have been used to estimate the multi-model wave climate projections of several climate scenarios in the Bay of Biscay. Keywords: global climate models, sea level pressure, statistical downscaling, synoptic patterns,

weather types


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Index of authors ABAD A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

ABAD E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102, 129, 130, 131, 132

ABAD N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

ABAUNZA P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

ABRIL G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72, 169

ACOSTA J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 95

AFFOURI H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

ALBAINA A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

ALCÁZAR J.L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

ALTUNA Á. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

ÁLVAREZ I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41, 52

ÁLVAREZ M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

ÁLVAREZ-CALLEJA I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

ÁMEZ M.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144, 146, 156, 160, 164

AMOUROUX D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72, 171, 180, 182, 183

ANDONEGUI E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

ANSORENA F.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

ANSCHUTZ P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 72, 108, 109, 169, 180

ANTOLÍNEZ A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153, 156

AOUSTIN Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

ARANBURU A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

ARAÚJO H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

ARCE F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

ARRIZABALAGA H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137, 139

ARRIETA J.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

ARRONTE J.C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96, 104, 119, 145, 159

ARTOLOZAGA I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

AUTÓN U. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

AYO B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

AYOUB N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 55

AZÚA I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

BACHELET G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88, 108, 186

BAIBAI T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

BAÑA Z. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103, 128

BAÑÓN R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96, 119

BARAILLE R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 56

BARDONNET A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

BARRADO J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153, 154, 156

BAUDRIMONT M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

BEAUGRAND G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

BELHSEN O.K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

BELLIDO J.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163, 165

BELZUNCE-SEGARRA M.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189


- 192 -

BEN MBAREK N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

BERNAL M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98, 115, 149

BERRAHO A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

BETHKE L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

BHABY S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

BIDEGAIN G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87, 141

BLANC G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38, 170, 185, 186

BLANCHET H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

BLANCO M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96, 120

BODE A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

BOËT P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

BOLLIET V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

BOON J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

BORJA Á. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 85, 172, 173, 184, 187

BOSSY C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

BOSWELL S.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

BOUCHET S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72, 180

BOURUET-AUBERTOT P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54, 61

BOUTET M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

BOZEC Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74, 79

BRIDOU R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

BRIND‘AMOUR A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84, 97

BROCHERAY S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 33

BRU N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

BUSAWON D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

BUSTAMANTE P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

BUDZINSKI H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

BUJAN S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 108

CABALLERO A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

CABANAS J.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

CAMPANA S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

CANTERAS J.C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151, 162

CAÑÁS L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136, 156

CARIOU T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74, 79

CARRANZA J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

CARRASCO M.N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

CARTES J.E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96, 106, 118, 119

CARVALHO D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

CASAS D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 36

CASTANEDO S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

CASTÈGE I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75, 181

CASTELLE B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

CASTILLO I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

CASTRO B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

CAURANT F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100


- 193 -

CAVALHEIRO J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

CEBRIÁN J.L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144, 146, 160, 164

CHAALALI A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

CHANUT J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

CHARBONNIER C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 108

CHARIB S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

CHARRIA G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

CHIFFLET M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 99

CHOUVELON T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

CHUST G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85, 99, 173

CLAVEAU J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

CLAVIER J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

COBAS-GARCÍA M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

COCQUEMPOT B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

COSTAS G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147, 148, 149

COTANO U. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

COYNEL A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38, 170, 185

CREMER M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 33, 34, 37

CRISTOBO J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95, 96, 122, 123

CUBERO P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

CUYPERS Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54, 61

D‘AMICO F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

D‘ELBÉE J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

DA SILVA AMORIM P.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

DANIEL A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

DE LA SOTA A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

DE LA OZ S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

DE MEY P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 55

DE UGARTE A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

DE OLIVEIRA E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

DEBORDE J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72, 109

DECASTRO M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41, 52, 110

DEFLANDRE B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 65, 109

DELGARD M.L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

DENCAUSSE G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

DEYCARD V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

DIALLO A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

DÍAZ P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148, 149

DÍAZ DEL RÍO G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

DIEKMANN O.E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

DÍEZ I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

DORÉMUS G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

DOYEN L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

DRUET M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 95, 96

DUARTE L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110


- 194 -

DUQUE V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

DUMAS F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

DUTRUCH L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

ELIZALDE M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

ERCILLA G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 27, 36

ERRHIF A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

ESNAOLA G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

ESTONBA A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

ESTRADA F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

ETCHEBER H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112, 169, 186

ETTAHIRI O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

FARIÑA A.C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136, 156

FERNÁNDEZ C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

FERNÁNDEZ J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94, 113, 114

FERNÁNDEZ V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

FERNÁNDEZ-RUEDA M.P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

FERNÁNDEZ-VIEJO G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

FERNÁNDEZ-ZAPICO O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 111, 120, 125

FERREIRA M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

FERREIRA S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

FERRER L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 46, 47, 64

FERRON B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

FONTÁN A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 49

FONTANIER C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

FOSSECAVE P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

FRAILE I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99, 137

FRANCO C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115, 148, 149

FRANCO J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85, 172, 173, 184, 189

FREITAS R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

FRUTOS I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96, 106, 118, 126

FUENTES-CID A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

GALLARDO T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

GALLASTEGUI J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

GALPARSORO I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92, 187

GANCEDO R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

GANZEDO U. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

GARABETIAN F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

GARCÍA A.I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107, 116

GARCÍA J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

GARCÍA M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

GARCÍA DE LA BANDA I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

GARCÍA-ALEGRE A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93, 95, 96, 145, 159

GARCÍA-FLOREZ L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

GARCÍA-GARCÍA L.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 58, 98

GARCÍA-GIL S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 27, 36


- 195 -

GARMENDIA J.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85, 173, 189

GASSIAT A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

GILLET H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 29, 33, 34

GOFAS S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

GÓMEZ-BALLESTEROS M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 35, 93, 95, 96

GÓMEZ-GESTEIRA M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41, 52, 110

GONÇALVES J.M.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

GONZÁLEZ A.F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

GONZÁLEZ J.F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

GONZÁLEZ J.L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

GONZÁLEZ M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 49

GONZÁLEZ-IRUSTA J.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124, 162, 176, 188

GONZÁLEZ-NUEVO G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69, 154

GONZÁLEZ-POLA C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 48, 59, 68, 76, 80, 95, 154

GONZÁLEZ-PORTO M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

GONZÁLEZ-QUIRÓS R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68, 76, 80

GOÑI N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

GOROSTIAGA J.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

GOUILLON F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 56

GRACIA A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

GUEVARA-FLETCHER C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

GUERRA Á. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

GUERRA J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

GUINDA X. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87, 90, 174

GUTIÉRREZ J.R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

GUTIÉRREZ-COBO M.B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

GUTIÉRREZ-ZABALA J.L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

GUYOT C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

HANQUIEZ V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 33

HARTMAN M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77, 78

HARTMAN S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77, 78

HENRIQUES V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

HERBERT G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

HERNÁNDEZ C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153, 154, 156

HERNÁNDEZ-MOLINA F.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

HERRADOR R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

HILMI K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

HINZ H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

HOEBEKE M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

HOWA H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 91

HURET M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

HYDES D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77, 78

IENO E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

IGLESIAS J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 27, 36

IGLESIAS M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115, 117


- 196 -

IRIBERRI J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103, 128

IRIGOIEN X. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 99

IRIONDO M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

JANE G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

JÉGOU P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

JIANG Z. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77, 78

JIMÉNEZ F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

JUANES J.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86, 87, 90, 141, 174

JUÁREZ A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144, 146, 160, 164

JURADO-RUZAFA A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

KERVELLA S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

KESSACI K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

KOCHONI E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

LAGO DE LANZÓS A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115, 148, 149

LAIZ I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

LALANNE Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

LAMOUROUX J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

LANCELEUR L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

LANDA J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138, 153, 156, 157

LANOUX A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169, 186

LARISSI J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

LARRETA J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 172, 187

LAVESQUE N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

LAVÍN A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 48, 53, 59

LAZURE P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 54

LE BOYER A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

LE CANN B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

LE CORRE P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

LEAL A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

LEARMONTH J.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

LECONTE M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

LECROART P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 108

LEGORBURU I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 187

LEPAGE M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

LEVIER B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

LITTLE L.R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

LLAVE E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

LOBO C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

LOCKYER C.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

LÓPEZ A.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100, 168

LÓPEZ-LÓPEZ L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115, 188

LÓPEZ-URRUTIA A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

LOURENCO A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54, 61

LOURIDO A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94, 95, 96, 113, 114

LUCAS M.L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151


- 197 -

LUCIA M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

LUQUE A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

LUQUE P.L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138, 157, 168

LUNVEN M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

LYARD F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

MACÉ E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74, 79

MACHU E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

MACPHERSON E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

MADER J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

MADRAZO F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

MAKAOUI A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

MALLET C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

MARIÉ L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 60

MARON P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57, 171

MARSALEIX P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

MARTÍNEZ B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

MASSÉ J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

MAURY O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

MAYER L.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

MAZIÈRES A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29, 34

MCGRATH F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

MEDINA R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

MENCHACA I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 184, 189

MÉNDEZ F.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

MÉNDEZ-FERNÁNDEZ P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

MENDOZA M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

MENÉNDEZ M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

METZGER E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

MILON E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

MIRA J.R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

MODICA L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115, 175

MOJTAHID M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

MONPEÁN C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

MONPERRUS M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171, 180, 182, 183

MONTACER M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

MONTERO N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

MOREL Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 56, 60

MORENO-VENTAS X. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

MORICHON D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

MORIN P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67, 74, 79

MORIÑIGO M.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

MORLÁN R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

MORROW R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

MUGUERZA N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

MULDER T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34


- 198 -

MUÑOZ A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

MUÑOZ-RECIO A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 95

MUXIKA I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

NEILSON J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

NOGUEIRA E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68, 69, 76, 80, 115, 154

OJEA J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

OLASO I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

OREJAS C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

OTERO P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58, 98

OTERO S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107, 116

PADÍN X.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

PAPIOL V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96, 106, 118

PARRA S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93, 94, 95, 96, 113, 114, 177

PASQUET S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

PAUTRIZEL F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

PELLOUX S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169, 170

PENINON V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

PEREAU J.C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

PÉREZ C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94, 114

PÉREZ F.F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

PÉREZ J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

PÉREZ J.R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

PÉREZ M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134, 135

PÉREZ N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161, 163

PETIT K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

PETITGAS P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69, 117

PICHON A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

PIERCE G.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100, 168

PINALY H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171, 183

PINEL P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

PIÑEIRO C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

PITA A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134, 135, 158

PLOMARITIS T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

POIRIER D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

POPULUS J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

PRECIADO I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96, 115, 117, 118, 119, 175, 176

PRESA P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134, 135, 158

PREUD‘HOMME H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

PRIETO E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

PUENTE A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86, 90, 174

PUGA M.C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

PULGAR J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

PUNZÓN A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96, 102, 104, 106, 111, 117, 119, 120, 124, 125, 129, 130, 131, 132, 145, 159, 176, 188

PURCELL D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

QUELLE P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120, 138, 157


- 199 -

QUINCOCES I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

QUINTANO E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

QUINZÁN M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125, 131, 144, 146, 160, 164

RAIMUND S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67, 79

RAMOS E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

RAVARD D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

REID R.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

RENDO F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

REVILLA M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172, 184

RÍOS A.F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

RÍOS P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95, 96, 122, 123

ROBERT S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

ROCHET M.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

RODRÍGUEZ C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48, 53, 59

RODRÍGUEZ G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

RODRÍGUEZ J.G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 85

RODRÍGUEZ GONZÁLEZ P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

RODRÍGUEZ-CABELLO C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

RODRÍGUEZ-GUTIÉRREZ J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124, 144, 146, 160, 164

RODRÍGUEZ-MARÍN E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117, 138, 157

ROGAN E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

ROGÉ M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

ROOKER J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

ROZADA F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

RUBIO A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 44, 47, 64

RUIZ M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138, 157

RUIZ-LARRAÑAGA O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

RUIZ-PICO S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 111, 120, 125

RUIZ-VILLARREAL M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 48, 58, 96, 98

RZHANOV Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

SAHRAOUI O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

SALINAS I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

SAMPEDRO P.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

SAN VICENTE C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

SÁNCHEZ F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 93, 94, 95, 96, 104, 113, 114, 118, 122, 145, 159

SÁNCHEZ R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

SÁNCHEZ S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

SANTOLARIA A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

SANTOS F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41, 52

SANTOS J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

SANTOS M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

SANTOS M.B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100, 117, 168

SANZ ALONSO J.L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

SAUTOUR B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89, 186

SCHÄFER J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38, 170, 185, 186


- 200 -

SCHIEBEL R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

SCHMIDT S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 112

SEGOVIA M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

SERRANO A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93, 95, 96, 102, 104, 106, 111, 118, 119, 120, 123, 124, 125, 129, 130, 131, 132, 176, 188

SHARIF A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

SHIN Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

SIBERT V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

SILIÓ A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

SMYTH T.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

SMYTHE-WRIGHT D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 77

SOLABARRIETA L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

SOLAUN O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

SOMAVILLA R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

SOMOUE L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

SORBE J.C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126, 127

SOTO M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

SOTTOLICHIO A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112, 169

SOURISSEAU M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54, 69, 81

SPITZ J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100, 117

STANISIÈRE J.Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

STRADY E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

SZEKELY T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

TAPIA-PANIAGUA S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

TELLO O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

TEMPERA F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

TESSIER E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72, 171, 180

THEBAUD O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

THOUZEAU G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

THUILLIER D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

TRENKEL V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

UNANUE M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

URANGA A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103, 128

VALDÉS L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

VALEIRAS J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96, 102, 106, 129, 130, 131, 132, 163

VALENCIA J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94, 177

VALENCIA V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49, 172

VALLE M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85, 173

VAN ROOIJ D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

VANDERMEIRSCH F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

VANDROMME P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

VÁZQUEZ C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94, 113, 114

VÁZQUEZ J.T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 36

VELASCO E.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102, 104, 130, 131, 132, 144, 146, 160, 164

VELASCO F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 111, 125, 134, 175

VELO-SUÁREZ L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54


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VENTURA A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

VERLEY P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

VERNET M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

VIANA I.G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

VIEJO R.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

VILELA R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

VILLAMOR B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115, 117, 154

VILLATE F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

VILORIA A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

VINGADA J.V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

WAFAR M.V.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

XAVIER J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

XIE X.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

ZARAGOSI S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

ZORITA I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172


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List of participants ABAD Naiara Universidad del País Vasco [email protected] ABAUNZA Pablo IEO Santander [email protected] ACOSTA Juan IEO Madrid [email protected] ALCÁZAR Jorge Luis Principado de Asturias [email protected] ÁLVAREZ Marta IEO A Coruña [email protected] ÁMEZ Marco IEO Santander [email protected] AMOUROUX David CNRS-Univ Pau et Pays de l‘Adour, IPREM [email protected] ANSCHUTZ Pierre CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC [email protected] ARRIZABALAGA Haritz AZTI-Tecnalia [email protected] ARRONTE Juan Carlos IEO Santander [email protected] BACHELET Guy CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC [email protected] BÁRCENA Javier Francisco IH Cantabria [email protected] BELLIDO José Mª IEO Murcia [email protected] BIDEGAIN Gorka IH Cantabria [email protected] BODE Antonio IEO A Coruña [email protected] BRIND‘AMOUR Anik IFREMER [email protected] BROCHERAY Sandra CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC [email protected] CABALLERO Ainhoa Beatriz AZTI-Tecnalia [email protected] CAÑÁS Lucía IEO A Coruña [email protected] CÁRDENAS Mª del Mar IH Cantabria [email protected] CARRANZA Jesús E. IEO Santander [email protected] CASTANEDO Sonia IH Cantabria [email protected] CASTÈGE Iker Centre de la mer de Biarritz [email protected] CAVALHEIRO Joana CNRS-Univ Pau et Pays de l‘Adour, IPREM [email protected] CHAALALI Aurélie CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC [email protected] CHARBONNIER Céline CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC [email protected] CHIFFLET Marina AZTI-Tecnalia [email protected] CLAVEAU Julie INRA-Univ Pau et Pays de l‘Adour, ECOBIOP [email protected] CREMER Michel CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC [email protected] D‘ELBÉE Jean LAPHY [email protected] DE UGARTE Amaia IH Cantabria [email protected] DEL BARRIO Pilar IH Cantabria [email protected] DELGARD Marie Lise CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC [email protected] DENCAUSSE Guillaume Observatoire Midi-Pyrenées, LEGOS [email protected] DEYCARD Victoria CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC [email protected] ERCILLA Gemma CSIC Instituto de Ciencias del Mar [email protected] FERNÁNDEZ-ZAPICO Olaya IEO Santander [email protected] FERRER Luis AZTI-Tecnalia [email protected] FRUTOS Inmaculada IEO Santander [email protected] FUENTES Ana CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC [email protected] GALPARSORO Ibon AZTI-Tecnalia [email protected] GARCÍA Ana Isabel ACEM [email protected] GARCÍA Jennifer Université d‘Angers, BIAF [email protected]


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GARCÍA DE LA BANDA Inés IEO Santander [email protected] GARCÍA-ALEGRE Ana IEO Santander [email protected] GARCÍA-CASTRILLO Gerardo Museo Marítimo del Cantábrico [email protected] GARCÍA-GARCÍA Luz Mª IEO A Coruña [email protected] GARCÍA-SOTO Carlos IEO Santander [email protected] GARMENDIA Joxe Mikel AZTI-Tecnalia [email protected] GILLET Hervé CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC [email protected] GÓMEZ-GESTEIRA Moncho Universidad de Vigo [email protected] GONZÁLEZ-IRUSTA José Manuel TRAGSATEC [email protected] GOÑI Nicolás AZTI-Tecnalia [email protected] GOROSTIAGA José María Universidad del País Vasco [email protected] GOUILLON Flavien SHOM [email protected] GRACIA Ana IH Cantabria [email protected] GUEVARA-FLETCHER Carlos AZTI-Tecnalia [email protected] GUINDA Xabier IH Cantabria [email protected] GUTIÉRREZ Mª Belén IH Cantabria [email protected] HARTMAN Mark National Oceanography Centre [email protected] HARTMAN Susan National Oceanography Centre [email protected] HERBERT Gaëlle Observatoire Midi-Pyrenées, LEGOS [email protected] HERNÁNDEZ Carmen IEO Santander [email protected] IGLESIAS Jorge CSIC Instituto de Ciencias del Mar [email protected] IRIBERRI Juan Universidad del País Vasco [email protected] JUANES José Antonio IH Cantabria [email protected] JURADO-RUZAFA Alba IEO Canarias [email protected] KESSACI Kahina CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC [email protected] LANDA Jorge IEO Santander [email protected] LANOUX Aurélie Lyonnaise des Eaux [email protected] LARRETA Joana AZTI-Tecnalia [email protected] LASTRA Patricia L. IEO Santander [email protected] LE BOYER Arnaud IFREMER [email protected] LEGORBURU Iratí AZTI-Tecnalia [email protected] LOBO Carmen IEO Santander [email protected] LÓPEZ-LÓPEZ Lucía TRAGSATEC [email protected] MAZIÈRES Alaïs CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC [email protected] MODICA Larissa TRAGSATEC [email protected] MONPERRUS Mathilde CNRS-Univ Pau et Pays de l‘Adour, IPREM [email protected] MONTERO Natalia AZTI-Tecnalia [email protected] MORIN Pascal Station Biologique Roscoff [email protected] NOGUEIRA Enrique IEO Gijón [email protected] OLASO Ignacio IEO Santander [email protected] OTERO Silvia ACEM [email protected] OTERO Pablo IEO A Coruña [email protected] PEREAU Jean Christophe Université Bordeaux 4, GRETHA [email protected] PETITGAS Pierre IFREMER [email protected] PINALY Hervé CNRS-Univ Pau et Pays de l‘Adour, IPREM [email protected]


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PITA Alfonso Universidad de Vigo [email protected] PRECIADO Izaskun IEO Santander [email protected] PRESA Pablo Universidad de Vigo [email protected] PUNZÓN Antonio IEO Santander [email protected] QUELLE Pablo IEO Santander [email protected] QUINTANO Endika Universidad del País Vasco [email protected] RAMOS Elvira IH Cantabria [email protected] RAVARD David IFREMER david.ravard@ifremer RODRÍGUEZ-CABELLO Cristina IEO Santander [email protected] RODRÍGUEZ-GUTIÉRREZ José IEO Santander [email protected] RODRÍGUEZ-MARÍN Enrique IEO Santander [email protected] RUIZ-PICO Susana IEO Santander [email protected] RUIZ-VILLARREAL Manuel IEO A Coruña [email protected] SÁNCHEZ Francisco IEO Santander [email protected] SANTOS Francisco Universidad de Vigo [email protected] SCHIEBEL Ralf Université d‘Angers [email protected] SERRANO Alberto IEO Santander [email protected] SHARIF Abubaker CNRS-Univ. Pau et Pays de l‘Adour, IPREM [email protected] SMYTHE-WRIGHT Denise National Oceanography Centre [email protected] SOLABARRIETA Lohitzune AZTI-Tecnalia [email protected] SORBE Jean Claude CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1, EPOC [email protected] URANGA Ainoa Universidad del País Vasco [email protected] VALENCIA Víctor AZTI-Tecnalia [email protected] VELASCO Francisco IEO Santander [email protected] VILLAMOR Begoña IEO Santander [email protected] ZALDUA-MENDIZABAL Nagore AZTI-Tecnalia [email protected]

Documents

Cover design - IEO Santander · 2012-04-10 · The Bay of Biscay is an area of the Atlantic Ocean enclosed by the Galician coast (NW Spain) and the Brittany coast (N France), with