COURT & LITIGATIONMGMT.By: A. K. Pandey, Asstt. Professor
(Law Mgmt.)Sword:symbolizing the court's coercive power.Scales :
representing the weighing of competing claims.Blindfold :
indicating impartiality. Law as the bodyof principles recognized
and applied by the state in the administrationof justice
.-SalmondCONSTITUTIONRLYACT1989I P C!gnorantia"acti#$cusat%isaLatin
legal ma$im that means ignorance of a fact is an e$cuse. &ny
act done under a mista'enimpressionofamaterialfact
ise$cused.&ctsandcontractsmade underamista'eoranignoranceofa
materialfactarevoidable.(owever ignoranceoflawisnotane$cuse.
!gnorantia )uris *on #$cusat% is a Latin ma$im meaning ignorance of
law is not an e$cuse to a criminalcharge.+hema$im,ignorantiajuris
none$cusatisapplicabletocivilaswellas criminal jurisprudence.
+hepurposeofthisma$imisthatifignorance is considered an e$cuse, a
person charged with criminal offences or a subject of a civil law
suit wouldmerelyclaimthathe-sheisunawareof
thelawin.uestiontoavoidliability.!gnorantia
)uris*on#$cusatisalso'nownas!gnorantia Legis *on
#$cusat.JusticePENALTYCivil & Criminalproceedingcan goside by
side . UBI JUS IBI REMEDIUM WRITS1 . H ae a s C ! " # u s$ . M a %
& a ' u s () . * u ! W a " " a % t ! (+ . C e " t i ! " a " i (
&, . P " ! - ii t i ! % .1 . H ae a s C ! " # u s$ . M a %
& a ' u s () . * u ! W a " " a % t ! (+ . C e " t i ! " a " i (
&, . P " ! - ii t i ! % .1 . . u % & a ' e % t a / " i 0 -
t s ($ . N ! ! t - e " " e ' e & 1 a 2 a i / a/ e () . O t - e
" C ! % s t i t u t i ! % a / " i 0 - t s (+ . S t a t u t ! " 1 "
i 0 - t s, . R i 0 - t sa s e & ! % c a s e / a 3e t c .1 . . u
% & a ' e % t a / " i 0 - t s ($ . N ! ! t - e " " e ' e &
1 a 2 a i / a/ e () . O t - e " C ! % s t i t u t i ! % a / " i 0 -
t s (+ . S t a t u t ! " 1 " i 0 - t s, . R i 0 - t sa s e & !
% c a s e / a 3e t c ./ivil-side/riminal-sideS#/ C!u"ts.!"
Ju2e%i/e.!" 4a'i/1 'atte"s.!" R/1 'atte"sSanction is mandatory
legal re.uirement to launch the
prosecutionagainstapublicservant-0ailway
employee./1/2s3anual45.6.7:!fthepriorsanctionofthe competent
authority is not obtained, the trial would be
ab-initiovoidandifcommencedwillhavetobeset aside. & fresh
prosecution would be necessary after a
propersanctionhasbeenobtainedandacharge-sheetagainst the accused
will need to be filed afresh for his trial for offence covered by
the sanction.8-9:-96 9;Sanctioningauthorityis placedsomewhatinthe
positionofasentinelatthe door of criminal courts in order
thatnoirresponsibleor maliciousprosecutioncan pass the portals of
the court of justice.8-9:-96 985A6
C!%stituti!%5A"t7)8169*ocriminal-civilproceedingcanbeinstitutedorcontinuedagainst
overnor during term of his office =immunity from
arrest.5B6T-eDe/-iS#ecia/P!/iceEsta/is-'e%tAct71:+85Sec78A69&pproval
of /entral >overnment :- ?9@ ASovernment where such allegation
relates to C 5a6Le2e/ !4 J!i%t Sec"eta"1 a%& a!2e(?b@ #$ception
: involving arrest of a person on the spot
5c6Ge%e"a/e;ce#ti!%s5Sec78=?9()*othing is an offence which is done
by a person DD...8-9:-96 9B8-9:-96 5E8-9:-96 59RAILWAYS
ACT71:>:Sec71>89 P"!tecti!% !4 acti!% ta@e% i% 0!!&
4ait-9 *osuit,prosecutionorotherlegalproceeding
shalllieagainstthe/entral>overnment,any
0ailwayadministration,a0ailwayservantor
anyotherpersonforanythingwhichisingood faith done or intended to be
done in pursuance ofthisactoranyrulesorordersmadethere
under..S.S(&3B&*! 1-S SB!9B8:?!!@LL) F5578-9:-96 56
