1

MAGADH UNIVERSITY

BODH-GAYA

COURSES OF STUDY

FOR

M. Sc. (ELECTRONICS)

BASED ON

SEMESTER SYSTEM

2

Course Structure

M. Sc. (Electronics)

SEMESTER - I SEMESTER - II

I. Mathematical Physics V. Digital Electronics

II. Solid State Electronics VI. Instrumentation and Control Systems

III. Fundamentals of Computer Applications VII. Computer Programming & Networking

IV. Practical (SEM - I) VIII. Practical (SEM - II)

SEMESTER - III SEMESTER - IV

(Special papers)

IX. Electronic Communications

XIII. Embedded Systems (Electronics)

XIII. Internet Applications (Computer Applications)

X. Microwave & Optical Electronics

XIV. Advanced Communication Systems (Electronics)

XIV. Web Programming (Computer Applications)

XI. Microprocessors & Microcontrollers

XV. Practical (SEM – IV, Electronics)

XV. Practical (SEM – IV, Computer Applications)

XII. Practical (SEM - III)

XVI. Project (Electronics)

XVI. Project (Computer Applications)

3

SEM-I (P-I)

PAPER-I

Mathematical Physics

1. Vector Calculus:

Scalar & Vector fields, gradient, divergence and curl in Cartesian co-ordinates, line, surface

and volume integrals.

2. Curvilinear Coordinates: Orthogonal transformation of Co-ordinates, spherical and cylindrical coordinates gradient,

divergence, and curl in curvilinear coordinates.

3. Fundamentals of Probability: Introduction, Conditional probability, Discrete and Continuous Probability distribution -

Binomial, rectangular and Gaussian distribution

4. Classical Mechanics: Classical dynamics, de Alembert’s principle, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian equations,

Normal Co-ordinates and its application to coupled oscillator

5. Quantum Mechanics: Inadequacy of classical mechanics, dual nature of matter and radiation, De Broglie relation,

Postulates of quantum mechanics, uncertainty relation, Schrödinger wave equation and its

application to problems of free particles, infinite potential well, one dimensional square

well, potential barrier and linear harmonic oscillator

6. Statistical Mechanics: Fundamental assumptions of statistical mechanics, probability distribution and entropy;

MB, BE, FD Statistics and their applications

References:

1. Vector Calculus – Schaum’s Series

2. Mathematical Physics – B S Rajput

3. Classical Mechanics – Gupta , Kumar and Sharma

4. Probability and Statistics – Biswal , PHI

5. Quantum Mechanics – Ghatak & Loknathan

6. Statistical Physics – Kersen Huang, PHI

SEM-I (P-I)

4

SEM-I (P-II)

PAPER-II

Solid State Electronics

1. Crystal structure:

Crystal lattice & Basis, Two dimensional and Three dimensional Bravais lattices, Index

system for lattice planes, Diamond and Zinc Blende Structures, Lattice Point Defects.

2. Theory of Solids: Free electron theory of Metals, band theory of solids, Bloch theorem, Kronig- Penny

model.

3. Dielectric and Magnetic Materials: Dielectric materials, Ferroelectric materials, piezoelectric materials, Introduction to

diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials

4. Solid State devices: Structure and characteristics of BJT, JFET, MOSFET, CMOS, Power devices-SCR,

DIAC, TRIAC, UJT, Microwave devices-GUNN, IMPATT & TRAPATT diodes

5. IC technology: Introduction and classification of ICs, IC processing-Crystal Growth, wafer preparation,

epitaxy, oxidation, lithography, diffusion, metallization and packaging

6. Linear ICs:

Op-amp(741) and its characteristics, virtual ground & CMRR, Non-inverting and

inverting amplifiers, integrator, differentiator, comparator, log and antilog amplifiers,

Active filters, Butterworth filters, resonant band pass filters.

Timer IC 555 and its application as astable and monostable multivibrator

References:

1. Crystallography for Solid State Physics – Verma & Srivastava, Wiley Eastern

2. Solid State Physics – Gupta and Sexena, PP

3. Microwave Devices & Circuits – S Y Liao, Pearson

4. VLSI Technology – S M Sze, TMH

5. Operational Amplifier and Linear ICs – Gayakwad, PHI

6. Microelectonics - Millman and Grabel, TMH

SEM-I (P-II)

5

SEM-I (P-III)

PAPER-III

Fundamentals of Computer Applications

1. Fundamentals of computers & OS:

Software & hardware, system softwares & applications software, generation of languages,

machine language, high level language and assembly language, compilers and interpreters,

boot strap loader and booting sequence, operating system, DOS, Windows OS

administration and installation, introduction to UNIX OS, commands, statements.

2. MS OFFICE: MS WORD: Introduction to word processing, creation of a new file, text formatting, special

features like mail merge, spell checkers

MS EXCEL: Introduction to spread sheet, its special purpose functions and special features

like goal seek, scenario, pivot table, solver

MS POWER POINT: Creating presentations in PPT, Animation effect, slide view

MS-ACCESS: Forms Designing, Screen Designing, Database handling.

3. Programming Techniques & Flow Charting: Flow chart, symbols used in flow charts, conditional flow charting.

4. FORTRAN Language:

Programming in Fortran 90, using numerical methods like solving non-linear equations,

system of linear equation

5. BASIC:

Introduction to BASIC, basic program structure, data type, constant and variables,

assignment statements, input-output statements, decision making loops, function and

subroutines, sequential file handling

6. Visual Basic:

Introduction to visual basic, visual basic environment, building visual basic application,

form design, writing codes, working with controls, variables, looping, visual basic

functions, file handling

References:

1. Fundamentals of Computer – Rajaraman, PHI

2. Programming in BASIC – E Balagurusamy, PHI

3. IT Tools – Taxali

4. Visual Basic - John Wright

5. Computer Programming in Fortran 90 & 95 – Rajaraman – PHI

6. UNIX operating Systems - Sumitabha Das , TMH

SEM–I (P-III)

6

SEM–I (P-IV)

PAPER-IV

(Practical)

List of experiments:

1. Characteristics of Electronic devices

2. BJT CE Coupled Amplifier, RC, LC & Transformer coupling

3. Wein Bridge, Hartley & Colpitts Oscillators

4. Rectifiers & Filters

5. Op-amp 741 & Timer 555 applications

6. DOS & WINDOWS

7. MS WORD, MS EXCEL, MS POWER POINT

8. GW BASIC Programming

9. Visual Basic programming

10. FORTRAN Programming

SEM–I (P-IV)

7

SEM–II (P-V)

PAPER-V

Digital Electronics

1. Number systems & Coding systems:

Binary, octal, hexadecimal numbers and arithmetic operations, signed-number arithmetic,

weighted & non-weighted codes

2. Logic families & logical gates:

RTL, DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS & CMOS logic families, logical gates, Boolean algebra &

minimization techniques

3. Combinational circuits design: Half adder & full adder, half subtractor & full subtractor, adder & subtractor, multiplexer,

demultiplexer/decoder, encoder, priority encoder, comparator

4. Sequential circuit design:

Bistable multivibrator and flip-flops-RS, JK, master-slave JK, D & T type flip-flops

Shift registers: SISO, SIPO, PISO, PIPO and universal shift registers

Binary counters: asynchronous (ripple) counters, synchronous counters, ring counter,

Johnson counter

5. Converters: D/A converters – weighted-resistor type DAC, ladder type DAC, inverted ladder type DAC,

A/D converters – flash type, counter type, successive approximation type and dual slope

type ADCs, specifications of DACs and ADCs

6. Memories: Static and dynamic memory cells, RAM using shift registers, ROM, PROM, EPROM, and

EEPROM, CD-ROM, Hard Disk, Flash memory

References:

1. Digital Electronics - R. P. Jain, TMH

2. Digital Electronics – Floyd and Jain

3. Digital Electronics – M Morris Mano, Pearson

4. Digital Electronics – Malvino and Leach

SEM–II (P-V)

8

SEM-II (P-VI)

PAPER-VI

Instrumentation and Control Systems

1. Transducers:

Classification and characteristics of transducers, Passive transducers - resistive, capacitive

& inductive transducers, Active transducers - photo voltaic, thermoelectric & piezoelectric

Transducers

2. Signal Conditioner & Display/Recording System:

Op-Amp Instrumentation Amplifier, Analog Ammeter, Digital Voltmeter, Strip-chart

recorder, X-Y recorder

3. Measurement of Physical Quantities:

Measurement of Displacement, Velocity, Strain, Pressure, Temperature, Light intensity

4. Biomedical instrumentation: Biometrics, man-instrument system, physiological system of human body, Bioelectric

Potential-ECG, EEG, EMG, Biopotential electrodes, biochemical transducers

5. Telemetry:

Introduction & Classification of telemetry system, Landline and Radio Telemetry

6. Control systems:

Open loop & closed loop control systems, Linear and Non-linear Systems, block diagram

and signal flow graphs and Masson’s gain rule, Stability Criterion of Feedback System,

Routh- Hurwitz criterion, Nyquist criterion, PI Controllers, PD Controllers, PID

Controllers.

References:

1. Principles of Electronic Instrumentation - Patra Nabis – PHI

2. Electrical & Electronic Measurement - Sawhney, Dhanpat Rai & Sons

& Instrumentation

3. Biomedical instrumentation and -Cromwell et.al., Pearson

measurements

4. Automatic Control System -Smarjeet Ghosh

5. Automatic Control System -S N Verma

SEM-II (P-VI)

9

SEM-II (P-VII)

PAPER-VII

Computer Programming & Networking

1. Programming Language C:

Introduction to programming Language C.

2. Data Structure:

Introduction and Basic Terminology, entity, Data, Attributes, Field, Record, File etc. Linked

list, Array, Trees, Stack, Queue, Related operations – Traversing, Inserting, Deletions,

Merging, Binary Search.

3. Concept of OOP’s :

Concept of OOP’s, Reserved keys words of C++, Decision making and looping statements.

4. Programming Language C++ :

Predefined and user defined data types, concept of CLASS, objects, member functions,

polymorphous, inheritance, constructor, destructor and data encapsulation, scope resolution

operation, Example of simple data structures using C++ , file handling.

5. PL/SQL:

Introduction to DBMS, PL/SQL Commands

6. Computer Networks:

Introduction to Data communication, ISO 7-Layer model, Computer networks, Topologies,

Protocol, Introduction to LAN, WAN

References:

1. ANSI C - Balagurusamy, TMH

2. Let us C – Y Kanetkar, BPB

3. C++ - Balagurusamy, TMH

4. Let us C++ - Y Kanetkar, BPB

5. Data & Network Communications - Miller, Michael, Vikas Pub.

6. Data structure using C & C++ - Langsam et.al., PHI

7. Microsoft SQL Server 2008 - Cameron and Hitachi Consulting – PHI

SEM-II (P-VII)

10

SEM-II (P-VIII)

PAPER-VIII

SEM-II (Practical)

List of experiments:

1. Logic gates

2. Adders & Subtractor

3. Multiplexer & Demultiplexer

4. Flip-Flops

5. Register & Counter

6. ADC & DAC

7. Study of LVDT, Strain Gauge, Temperature transducers, optical transducers

8. C programming

9. C++ programming

10. PL/SQL programming

SEM-II (P-VIII)

11

SEM-III (P-IX)

PAPER-IX

Electronic Communications

1. Transmission lines:

Introduction & classification, distributed parameters of lines, Transmission line equations

and solutions, characteristic impedance, propagation constant, attenuation constant & phase

shift constant, impedance at a point on a line, loss less and distortion less transmission line,

voltage reflection coefficient and VSWR.

2. Electromagnetic Theory:

Maxwell’s Equations, EM wave equations and its solution, characteristic impedance of free

space, Poynting theorem.

3. Radio wave propagation: Ground waves, Tropospheric wave propagation, Sky waves, Ionosphere, Virtual height,

Chapman’s Theory of Layer formation, Refraction and Reflection of Radio waves,

Refractive index of ionized medium, Critical frequency, MUF, SKP Distance fading.

4. Antenna:

Alternating current element (Oscillation Electric dipole), Power radiated by current element,

Application to short antenna, radiation from quarter wave monopole or half wave dipole,

linear antenna arrays, directional properties, folded dipole antenna, Yagi-Uda Antenna,

Parabolic reflection antenna, feed mechanism, log, periodic antenna, helical antenna.

5. Principles of modulation: Basic principles of AM, FM, PAM, PWM, PPM, PCM, DM, ASK, FSK, PSK.

6. Noise:

Error rates in binary, Transmission, Optimum decision, levels, information, capacity of

PCM systems, relations among power and band width, noise power and spectral

representation of noise.

References:

1. Microwave device & Circuits -S Y Liao, Pearson

2. Electronic Communication Systems -Kennedy & Davis, TMH

3. Electronic Communication -Roody & Coolen, PHI

4. Antennas -John D Kraus , TMH

5. Electromagnetic waves and Radiating Systems -Jordan & Balmain, PHI

6. Principle of Communication Systems -Taub & Schilling, TMH

SEM-III (P-IX)

12

SEM-III (P-X)

PAPER-X

Microwave & Optical Electronics

1. Microwave Tubes:

Motion of electron in electric field, two cavity klystron amplifier, reflex klystron, traveling

wave tubes (helix type), motion of electrons in cross fields, magnetron

2. Waveguides:

Rectangular wave guide, solution of wave equations in rectangular wave guides, TE & TM

modes, introduction of circular wave guides

3. Microwave Techniques:

Microwave frequency band spectrum, microwave network representation using scattering

matrix

4. Microwave Components: E-plane Tee, H-plane Tee, Magic Tee, directional couplers, isolators & circulators,

Microstriplines, losses & Q factor

5. Lasers:

Spontaneous and stimulated emissions, Einstein A & B Coefficients, population inversion,

resonant cavity, three level and four level lasing systems, ruby laser, He-Ne laser,

semiconductor laser

6. Optical Fiber Communications: Introduction to optical fiber communication, structures of optical fibers, Ray transmission

by Total Internal Reflection, acceptance angle, numerical aperture of step index fiber, losses

in fiber, structure and characteristics of Optical Sources- LED and Laser diode, Optical

Detectors-Photo diode, Photo Transistor

References:

1. Microwave Devices & Circuits – S Y Liao, Pearson, PHI

2. Microwave devices & circuit design – Srivastava & Gupta, PHI

3. Laser – Theory & Application – Thyagrajan and Ghatak – McMillan

4. Optical Fibre Communications – Senior – PHI

SEM-III (P-X)

13

SEM-III (P-XI)

PAPER-XI

Microprocessors & Microcontrollers

1. Architecture:

Basic microcomputer architecture- System bus, memory and I/O devices, Architecture of 8085 and

pin description, Machine cycles and their timing diagrams

2. Programming of 8085:

Instruction format, Instruction set classification – Data transfer instructions, Arithmetic and logical

instructions, Program control instructions, Machine control instructions; Addressing modes of 8085

3. 8085 interrupts:

Interrupt operation of 8085, hardware and software interrupts

4. Interfacing:

Memory interfacing, I/O interfacing, Special purpose interfacing chips- 8155 (memory + I/O +

timer), 8255 (I/O), 8251 (USART), 8253 (timer/counter), 8257 (DMA controller), 8259 (interrupt

controller), 8279 (keyboard/display controller)

5. 8086 microprocessors:

8086 architecture & pin description, operating modes of 8086, memory addressing, addressing

modes and instruction set, programming of 8086, interrupts of 8086

6. Microcontrollers:

Introduction to 8-bit microcontrollers- 8031/8051 & 8048

References:

1. Microprocessor 8085 – R S Gaonkar, Penram

2. Microprocessor 8085 – B Ram, Dhanpat Rai

3. Microprocessor 8086 – 80486 – Barry B Brey, PHI

4. Microcontrollers - Ayala, PHI

5. 8051 Microcontrollers - Mazidi, pearson

SEM-III (P-XI)

14

SEM-III (P-XII)

PAPER-XII

SEM –III (Practical)

List of experiments:

1. 8085 programming

2. 8086 programming

3. Study of Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation

4. Study of Frequency Modulation & Demodulation

5. Study of Pulse Modulation & Demodulation

6. Study of Delta Modulation & Demodulation

7. Familiarizations with different types of Antennas

8. Observation & study of Radiation patterns of antennas

9. Familiarizations with Micro-Wave Bench

10. Determination of SWR & Reflection Coefficient

SEM-III (P-XII)

15

SEM-IV (P-XIII)

PAPER-XIII (ELECTRONICS)

SPECIAL PAPER

Embedded Systems

1. Introduction to Embedded Systems:

Embedded System overview, Design Challenge, Processor Technology, IC Design

Technology, Trade-offs

2. Custom Single Purpose Processors: Hardware

Combinational and Sequential Digital logic, Custom single purpose processor design,

RT level custom single purpose processor design, Optimizing custom single purpose

Processors

3. General Purpose Processors: Software

Basic Architecture, Operation, Programmers View, Development

Environment, ASIPs, Microprocessor Selection, General purpose processor design

4. Standard Single Purpose Processors: Peripherals

Timers, Counters and Watchdog Timer, UTAT, Pulse Width Modulator, Controllers –

LCD, Keypad and Stepper Motor, A/D Converters, Real Time Clock

5. Memory:

Memory, write Ability and Storage, Permanence, Common Memory Types, Composing

Memory, Memory Hierarchy and Cache, Advanced RAM

6. Interfacing:

Communication basics - processor Interfacing, I/O Address- processor Interfacing,

Interrupt- processor Interfacing, Direct Memory Address, Arbitration, Multilevel Bus

Architecture, Communication principles, Serial Protocol, Parallel Protocol, Wireless

Protocol

References:

1. Embedded System Design -Vahid & Givargis

2. Embedded Systems -Rajkamal, TMH

3. An Embedded Software Primer -Simon, Pearson

SEM-IV (P-XIII)

16

SEM-IV (P-XIII)

PAPER-XIII (COMPUTER APPLICATIONS)

SPECIAL PAPER

Internet Applications

1. Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)

Basic HTML, The document body, Text, Hyperlinks, adding more formatting, using colour,

images

2. More HTML

Tables, Multimedia Objects, Frames, Forms – Toward interactivity, The HTML Document

head in detail, XHTML – An Evolutionary markup

3. Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

Introduction, Using Styles: Simple examples, defining your own styles, properties and

values in styles, style sheets – worked example, formatting blocks of information, layers

4. An Introduction to Javascript

What is dynamic HTML?, Javascript, Javascript – The basics, variables, string

manipulation, mathematical functions, statement operators, arrays, functions

5. Dynamic HTML with Javascript

Data validation, opening a new window, messages and confirmations, the status bar, writing

to a different frame, rollover buttons, moving images, multiple images in a single download,

a text-only menu system, floating logos

6. Introduction to PHP

PHP, Introducing PHP, Including PHP in a page, data types, program control, arrays, user-

defined functions, built-in functions, regular expression, using files

References:

1. Web programming- Building INTERNET applications - Chris Bates, third

edition, Wiley

Eastern

2. Programming with Java – A primer - E Balagurusamy, TMH

SEM-IV (P-XIII)

17

SEM-IV (P-XIV)

PAPER-XIV (ELECTRONICS)

SPECIAL PAPER

Advanced Communication Systems

1. Signal analysis:

Continuous and Discrete signal analysis - Introduction to periodic and non periodic signals,

Fourier series of periodic functions, Fourier transform and its properties, Introduction to z-

transform, properties of z-transform

2. Information theory: Measurement of information, Entropy, quantization and coding, Channel capacity, Shanon-

Hartley theorem, redundancy, sampling theorem

3. Radar Communication:

Principles, arrangement, operating characteristic, maximum range of Radar set, Radar

transmitting systems, Radar antennas, Duplexer, Radar receivers

4. Satellite Communication:

Kepler’s Laws, Types of satellites, Geostationary orbit, attitude control, station keeping,

antenna look angles, limit of visibility, Frequency band and polarization, Transponders,

uplink and downlink

5. Cellular System:

Introduction and Characteristics of Cellular System, Cell area, Signal strength, cell

parameters, Cell capacity, frequency reuse, cluster formation, co-channel interface, cell

splitting, cell sectoring

6. Mobile Communication:

Cellular system infrastructures, Registration, Hand-off parameters and underlying supports,

Roaming support, Multicasting, Satellite systems, Network protocols, Ad-hoc and sensor

networks, wireless MAN, LANs & PANs

References:

1. Signal Analysis -B P Lathi

2. Electronic Communication Systems -Kennedy & Davis, TMH

3. Electronic Communication -Roody & Coolen, PHI

4. Principle of Communication Systems -Taub & Schilling, TMH

5. Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Systems -Agrawal & Zeng, Thomson India

6. Wireless Communications -Rappaport, PHI

SEM-IV (P-XIV)

18

SEM-IV (P-XIV)

PAPER-XIV (COMPUTER APPLICATIONS)

SPECIAL PAPER

Web Programming

1. Introduction to C#

Origin & Evolution of C#, Characteristics of C#, Applications of C#

2. Understanding .NET: The C# environment

.NET strategy, origin of .NET technology, .NET framework, common languages runtime

framework based classes, user and program interface, .NET languages, .NET approach.

3. Overview of C#

Introduction, C# programming, namespaces, adding comments, main returning a value,

using aliases for namespace classes, passing string objects to write line method, command

line arguments, main with a class, providing interactive input, using mathematical functions,

compile time errors, program structures, program coding style.

4. Literals, variables and data types

Introduction, literals, variables, data types, value types, reference types, declaration of

variables, initialization of variables, default values, constant values, scope of variables.

5. Decision making, branching and looping

Introduction, decision making with IF statement, simple IF statement, If….else statement,

nesting of If…. else statements, else if ladder, switch statement, ?: operator, looping-

introduction, while statement, do statement, for each statement, jumps in loop.

6. Operators and Expressions

Introduction, operators - arithmetic, relational, logical, assignment, increment and

decrement, conditional, bitwise, special operators, arithmetic expressions, evaluation of

expression, precedence of arithmetic operators, type conversions, mathematical functions.

References:

1. The complete reference Java - Herbert Schildt, TMH

2. The Java Handbook - Patrick Naughton, TMH

3. An Introduction to Web design + Programming - P S Wang & Sanda S Katila,

Thomson India

SEM-IV (P-XIV)

19

SEM-IV (P-XV)

PAPER-XV (ELECTRONICS)

(PRACTICAL)

List of experiments:

1. LCD controllers.

2. Keypad controllers

3. stepper motor controllers

4. analog-to-digital converters controllers

5. real time clock controllers

6. Fourier synthesis: to construct triangular, sawtooth and square waves

7. Mobile communications: study and measurement of frequency band, GMSK signals,

power supply, fault insertion

8. LAN: study and implementation of designs in networking

9. RADAR communication: To study the working of Doppler Radar, time and frequency

measurement, object counting, vibration of different tuning forks

10. Satellite communication: Establishment of audio-visual link, active link and link fail

operation, transmission delay

SEM-IV (P-XV)

20

SEM-IV (P-XV)

PAPER-XV (COMPUTER APPLICATIONS)

(PRACTICAL)

List of experiments:

1. HTML Programming

2. XHTML Programming

3. PHP Programming

4. C # Programming

5. . NET Programming

SEM-IV (P-XV)

21

SEM-IV (P-XVI)

PAPER-XV (ELECTRONICS)

(PROJECT WORK)

Project work will be assigned by the department under the supervision of a teacher and will consist

of software/ hardware, design/ development work based on Analog / digital Electronic circuit based

Applications or Microprocessor / Microcontroller based Applications.

On completion of the project, the student will submit two bound copies of the project report to the

department. The project work will be assessed by the examiner at the time of final project

examination.

SEM-IV (P-XVI)

22

SEM-IV (P-XVI)

PAPER-XVI (COMPUTER APPLICATIONS)

(PROJECT WORK)

Project work will be assigned by the department under the supervision of a teacher and will consist

of software, design/ development; work based on C, C+, HTML, XHTML, PHP, C#, .NET.

On completion of the project, the student will submit two bound copies of the project report to the

department. The project work will be assessed by the examiner at the time of final project

examination.

SEM-IV (P-XVI)