COURSE OUTLINE

Honors Physics

Rutherford High SchoolRutherford, New Jersey

I. BASIC PHILOSOPHY Recognizing that a student's attitudes or feelings about physics are just as important in the long run as his or her acquisition of specific physical concepts, it is our goal to instill in our students the belief that physics is an exciting, relevant, human activity that can be enjoyable to study. To this end, the extensive use of laboratory experimentation, demonstrations and other hands-on activities are an integral part of the course.

II. METHODS EMPLOYED direct teacher instruction demonstrations laboratory experiments mini-activities (e.g. simulations) and laboratories computer-assisted instruction cooperative learning - problem solving filmstrips and videos library research problem and question & answer sessions homework

III. TEXT Modern Physics: Williams, Trinklein, and Metcalfe Pub. Holt, Rinehart and Winston - 1992

IV. BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES At the completion of this course students should be able to:1a 1. explain why physics is the most basic of the sciences.1b 2. differentiate between science and technology.1cde 3. distinguish between an observation and a fact.1cde 4. distinguish between a fact and a hypothesis.1cde 5. distinguish between the everyday meaning and the scientific meaning of the word theory.1cde 6. outline the five steps of the scientific method.1e 7. explain why refinement of theories is a strength in science.1f 8. describe the basic properties of matter.1gh 9. explain the similarities and differences between gravitational

mass and inertial mass.1j 10. state various forms of energy and units for energy.

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1kl 11. differentiate between potential and kinetic energy.1m 12. state the law of conservation of energy.1n 13. discuss the relationship between matter and energy. 14. describe and discuss the subdivisions of physics.1cde 15. describe the metric units of measure.1f 16. perform calculations using scientific notation.1ghij 17. define and calculate the accuracy and precision of a group of

measurements.2ab 18. identify and apply appropriate mathematical operations to solve physics problems.2c 19. draw a graph showing a relationship between two variables.2def 20. interpret a graph showing a relationship between two variables.2g 21. given a right triangle, solve for one of the sides using the Pythagorean theorem.2g 22. given a right triangle, solve for one of the angles or one of

the sides using basic trigonometry.3b 23. differentiate between a scalar and a vector quantity, and

identify the components of each quantity.3c 24. add vectors using the graphical method.3bef 25. differentiate between speed and velocity.3bef 26. define speed and velocity in terms of distance, displacement

and time.3ef 27. differentiate between instantaneous speed and average

speed.3ef 28. differentiate between instantaneous velocity and average

velocity.3g 29. describe acceleration in terms of the rate of change of

velocity.3hi 30. describe the factors which can cause an object to accelerate.3j 31. describe the motion of an object in free fall from rest.4a 32. draw and interpret a position-time graph for constant velocity.4bc 33. obtain the slope of a position-time graph at any point to obtain the instantaneous velocity.4d 34. recognize that the slope of a velocity-time graph for constant

velocity is zero.

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4ef 35. draw and interpret a position-time graph and a velocity-time graph for uniform acceleration.4g 36. recognize that the slope of an acceleration-time graph for uniform acceleration is zero.5a 37. define net force.5b 38. state Newton's first law of motion.5c 39. state Newton's second law of motion.5d 40. estimate the magnitude of several common forces in newtons and in pounds.5e 41. distinguish among mass, volume and weight.5g 42. describe the effect of friction on a moving object.5h 43. state the relation between acceleration and net force.5i 44. apply Newton's second law to explain why the acceleration of

an object in free fall does not depend upon the mass of the object.5i 45. state Newton's third law of motion.5i 46. given an action force, identify the reaction force.6a-e 47. determine the resultant of any two forces acting

concurrently.6b-eh 48. resolve a single force into two appropriate components at right angles.6f-g 49. use the fact that for objects in translational equilibrium, the resultant force is zero, and solve equilibrium problems when one force is known and the directions of two others are implied.6i 50. calculate a coefficient of friction.6j 51. use the sine rule to calculate the resultant of two or more vectors.7ab 52. explain why a projectile moves equal distances horizontally in equal time intervals, when air resistance can be neglected.7ab 53. for a projectile, describe the changes in the horizontal and

vertical components of its velocity, when air resistance canbe neglected.

7c 54. define and calculate centripetal acceleration.7c 55. distinguish between centripetal and centifugal forces.7d 56. explain how the speed of a satellite in circular orbit around the earth is related to the distance an object falls in the first

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second due to gravity.7d 57. explain why the force of gravity does not cause a change in the speed of a satellite in circular orbit.7d 58. describe how the speed of a satellite changes for different portions of an elliptical orbit.7d 59. describe what is meant by escape speed.7e 60. define and identify harmonic motion.8a 61. explain Kepler's laws of planetary motion.8b 62. state Newton's law of universal gravitation.8c 63. explain the significance of an inverse-square law.8bcd 64. describe how a belief in the validity of the law of universal gravitation led to the discovery of two planets.8e 65. describe the experiment developed by Cavendish to verify the existance of gravitational forces between masses.8f 66. describe a gravitatioanl field.8f 67. describe the gravitational field of the earth both inside and outside the earth's surface.8g 68. define and give examples of Einstein's first and second

postulates of special relativity.9a 69. define momentum.9a 70. define impulse and relate it to momentum.9b 71. describe Newton's third law in conjunction with conservation of momentum.9ce 72. state the law of conservation of momentum.9ce 73. give an example of how the vector nature of momentum affects the law of conservation of momentum.9d 74. distinguish between an elastic and an inelastic collision.10a 75. define energy in terms of work.10b 76. determine the amount of work done, given the force and the distance moved.10c 77. determine the amount of power required, given the work done and the time required.10d 78. describe the six simple machines: lever, pulley, screw, wheel and axle, inclined plane and wedge.10e 79. explain how the mechanical advantage of a simple machine is calculated.10e 80. given examples in which the mechanical advantage of a

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machine is (a) greater than 1 and (b) less than 1.11a 81. define energy in terms of work.11bcd 82. distinguish among mechanical energy, potential energy, and kinetic energy.11bc 83. give examples of situations in which (a) the gravitational potential energy changes and (b) does not change, even though something ismoved.11d 84. describe how the kinetic energy of an object depends upon the speed of the object.11e 85. state the law of conservation of energy.11e 86. use energy relationships and conservation of energy in the

analysis and solution of problems.11f 87. describe the potential and kinetic energy changes involved in both elastic and inelastic collisions.12a 88. describe the kinetic theory of matter.12b 89. describe the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy.12c 90. explain what determines whether heat will flow into or out of a substance.12de 91. use the Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales for reporting

temperatures, in problem-solving, and in discussions of temperature measurement.12fi 92. apply the first law of thermodynamics - the law of heat exchange - in laboratory and problem solving.12g 93. apply the second law of thermodynamics - the concept of

entropy or random disorder - in laboratory and problem solving.12h 94. define, measure and use the concept of specific heat in laboratory and problem solving.12j 95. describe and calculate energy changes associated with changes in state.13a 96. describe what determines the pressure of a liquid at any point.13a 97. explain what causes a buoyant force on a submerged object.13a 98. relate the buoyant force on an immersed object with the weight of fluid it displaces.13a 99. describe what determines whether an object will sink or float in a liquid.

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13a 100. determine the weight of fluid displaced by a floating object,given the weight of the object.

13a 101. describe how Pascal's principle can be applied to increase the force of a fluid on a liquid.13b 102. describe how an increase in the velocity of a fluid causes the pressure exerted by that fluid to decrease (Bernoulli's principle)13d 103. decribe the factors which cause surface tension of a liquid.13e 104. explain energy changes involved in evaporation and condensation of a liquid.13cfi 105. distinguish among solids, liquids, gases, and plasma.13g 106. distinguish between an elastic material and an inelastic material.13h 107. obtain the coefficient of linear expansion for a given material both mathematically and experimentally.14a 108. distinguish between longitudinal and transverse waves.14bc 109. identify wave characteristics such as amplitude, period frequency, wavelength and phase.14d 110. explain the changes in speed of a sound wave and an electromagnetic wave in various media.14e 111. describe the behavior of a wave at a boundary.14g 112. distinguish between constructive and destructive interference.14h 113. define a standing wave and explain how it occurs.14i 114. apply the law of reflection to predict wave paths and optical effects.14ij 115. distinguish between reflection and refraction.14k 116. describe diffraction and conditions necessary to produce it.14k 117. discuss interference of waves in terms of the superposition principle.15a 118. describe the conditions necessary to generate sound.15b 119. relate the pitch of a sound to frequency.15c 120. give examples of forced vibrations.15d 121. describe the conditions for resonance and give several examples.15f 122. describe the relationship between pitch and frequency, intensity and loudness, and quality and harmonic content.

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16ab 123. describe the properties of light.16b 124. explain that light is a form of electromagnetic radiation

having a speed of approximately 3 x 108 m/s.16c 125. explain what happens to light when it enters a substance and

how the frequency of the light affects what happens.16d 126. describe the photoelectric effect.16e 127. describe an electromagnetic wave, give examples, and cite

their similarities and differences.16f 128. describe what factors determine whether a material will

reflect or transmit light of particular colors.16g 129. explain why polarizing sunglasses are helpful in reducing sun glare from horizontal surfaces such as water and roads.16h 130. explain why colors in thin soap films are formed.17a 131. describe the two laws of reflection.17b 132. differentiate between diffuse and regular reflection.17c 133. differentiate between reflection and refraction of light.17d 134. discuss refraction in terms of speed change and make predictions using the law of refraction and Snell's Law.17e 135. experimentally calculate the index of refraction of light through a given medium.17f 136. relate critical angle to total internal reflection.17g 137. describe factors which cause light dispersion.18a 138. analyze images formed by plane mirrors.18b-g 139. define the terminology of curved mirrors.18b-g 140. describe the location of image points formed by concave and convex mirrors.18b-g 141. do problem solving with the mirror equation.18h-k 142. define the terminology of lenses.18h-k 143. analyze the formation of images by ray diagrams.18h-k 144. solve object-image problems.18h-k 145. calculate the magnification of images.18l 146. derive the lens equation.18m 147. explain how chromic aberration limits the sharpness of an image on the film of a camera.18n 148. explain the construction of optical devices such a the telescope and microscope.18n 149. calculate the power of a pair of glasses given distances that can be seen with and without glasses.19a 150. describe the conditions for visible diffraction of waves.

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19b 151. solve problems based on the relationship betweenwavelength and diffraction angle.

19c 152. distinguish between single slit and double slit interference.19d 153. discuss double refraction.19e 154. discuss the resolving power of a lens in terms of wavelength of light and width of the lens.20ab 155. explain, from the point of view of electron transfer, how an

object becomes either positively charged or negatively charged, and relate this to the net charge.20c 156. distinguish among a conductor, insulator and semiconductor.20e 157. describe electrical forces between objects.20f 158. describe the relation among the electrical force between two

charged objects, their charge, and the distance between the objects.20g 159. relate the unit of charge, the Coulomb, to the number of

electrons.20h 160. differentiate between charging by induction and by

conduction.21ab 161. describe how the strength of an electric field at two different

points can be compared.21ab 162. describe how the direction of an electric field at a point is

determined.21c 163. explain why a charged object in an electric field is considered to have electric potential energy.21c 164. calculate the work needed to move a charge in an electric field.21de 165. describe Millikan's oil drop experiment and the results of this

experiment.21f 166. describe the sharing of charge by electrical conduction.21g 167. explain how the electric field around a conducting body depends on the structure and shape of the body.21h 168. describe the function and design of a capacitor.22a 169. discuss the nature of electric current in terms of charge.22b 170. determine whether current will pass through a bulb, given a diagram showing the bulb connected by wire to a battery.22c 171. relate current to electric power using the power equation.22d 172. state Ohm's law verbally and mathematically and use this

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relationship in problem solving.22e 173. be able to diagram an electric circuit given the number of resistors, batteries, etc. and their positions with respect to each other.22f 174. relate the current at any point in a series circuit to the current at any other point.22f 175. relate the current in the lead to a parallel circuit to the current in each branch.22g 176. explain the relationship between heat energy and resistance.22g 177. discuss power dissipation in an electric circuit.22h 178. discuss the transfer of energy in an electric circuit.22i 179. calculate the cost of energy consumption using the power equation and cost per kilowatt hour.23ace 180. distinguish between series and parallel circuits.23b 181. calculate voltage drop across a resistor in a series circuit.23f 182. use ammeters, voltmeters, and ohmmeters in the laboratory.24a 183. discuss general properties of magnets.24b 184. interpret the strength of a magnetic field at different points

near a magnet from the pattern formed by iron filings.24c 185. use the left-hand rule to determine the direction of the magnetic field around a current-bearing wire.24d 186. explain the construction of a solenoid.24e 187. explain the differences between paramagnetic, diamagnetic,

and ferromagnetic materials and give examples of each.24fg 188. explain and calculate the magnetic field produced by the

current in a straight wire and a solenoid.24h 189. explain the function and construction of a galvanometer.24i 190. compare and contrast motor effect and generator effect.24j 191. calculate the force on a single charged particle in a magnetic field.25a 192. discuss Faraday's laws.25b 193. describe the factors that affect an induced emf.25c 194. describe the generator principle.25d 195. explain the distinction between ac and dc power.25e 196. predict and explain the interaction of magnetic fields as

applied to electromagnets, generators and motors.25f. 197. use Lenz's law in explaining conservation of energy in a generator.25g 198. differentiate between mutual inductance and self-

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inductance.25h 199. describe a transformer and how it works.26a 200. explain the experiments performed by J.J. Thompson which led to the determination of the mass to charge ratio of the electron.26b 201. explain the function and construction of a mass spectrograph.26c 202. describe Maxwell's contributions to the discovery of the

electromagnetic wave.26d 203. explain the production of electromagnetic waves by the acceleration of electrons in a wire.26e 204. explain transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves

such as radio waves.26f 206. describe the discovery of X-Rays by Roentgen.27a 207. describe the theory of blackbody radiation.27b 208. explain why the photoelectric effect is evidence for the

particle nature of light.27c 209. explain the experiment performed by Arthur Compton which

verified Einstein's photoelectric theory.27d 210. describe deBroglie's model of matter waves in the atom,28c and use it to explain the lines seen in atomic spectra.27e 211. describe the theory of wave-particle duality.28ab 212. explain the subatomic particles in the atom.28df 213. describe the Bohr theory of the atom and the downfalls of

this theory.28e 214. describe fluorescence and phosphorescence.28g 215. describe the present theory of the atom.28h 216. distinguish between light from a laser and light from a lamp.29a 217. describe the nucleus of an atom.29b 218. explain isotopes in terms of the number of neutrons in the

nucleus of the atom.29c 219. distinguish among the three types of rays given off by

radioactive nuclei, and compare their penetrating power.29d 220. predict, given the symbol for a radioactive isotope and the

particle it gives off, the product of the decay.29e 221. predict, given the half-life of a radioactive isotope and the

original amount of the isotope, how much will remain at the end of some multiple of that half-life.29f 222. distinguish between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission.

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29f 223. describe Rutherford's experiment.29g 224. describe the construction and purpose of a linear accelerator.29h 225. relate the linear accelerator to the synchrotron.29i 226. explain how photographic plates are used to detect particles

in radioactive decay.29j 227. explain the fundamental particles - the quarks and the

leptons.29k 228. compare and contrast particles and antiparticles.29l 229. describe the quark model of the nucleons.30ab 230. discuss the relationship between nuclear binding force and

nuclear mass defect.30c 231. describe how radioactive isotopes can be formed from stable

isotopes by nuclear bombardment.30de 232. describe the advantages of fusion over fission as a source of

power.30fg 233. explain the role of nuclear reactors and the uses of

radioisotopes.

V. COURSE OUTLINE

1. Physics: The Science of Inquiry The Methods of Science a. science and daily life b. science and engineering c. scientific laws and theories d. scientific hypotheses e. certainty in science What is Physics? f. matter g. mass h. inertia i. mass density j. energy k. potential energy l. kinetic energy m. conservation of energy n. relationship between matter and energy o. subdivisions of physics

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2. Measurement and Problem Solving Units of Measure a. the metric system b. the meter c. the kilogram d. force and weight e. the second

Making and Recording Measurements f. accuracy and precision g. significant digits h. scientific notation

Solving Problems i. data, equations, and graphs j. vectors k. rules of problem solving

3. Velocity and Acceleration Velocity a. the nature of motion b. speed c. velocity d. solving velocity vector problems Acceleration e. the nature of acceleration f. solving acceleration problems g. freely falling bodies Newton's Laws of Motion h. law of inertia i. law of acceleration j. law of interaction Gravitation k. Newton's law of universal gravitation l. the mass of the earth m. relationship between gravity and weight n. gravitational fields

4. Concurrent and Parallel Forces

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Composition of Forces a. describing forces b. combining force vectors c. the equilibrant force Resolution of Forces d. components of force vectors e. resolving gravitational forces Friction f. the nature of friction g. measuring friction h. changing friction i. solving friction problems

Parallel Forces j. center of gravity k. torques l. rotational equilibrium m. coupled forces

5. Two-Dimensional and Periodic Motion Circular Motion a. motion in a curved path b. motion in a circular path c. motion in a vertical circle d. frames of reference Rotary Motion e. motion around an axis f. angular velocity g. angular acceleration h. rotational inertia i. precession

6. Conservation of Energy and Momentum Work, Machines, and Power a. definition of work b. work done by varying forces c. work in rotary motion d. machines e. definition of power

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f. power in rotary motion Energy g. gravitational potential energy h. kinetic energy in linear motion i. kinetic energy in rotary motion j. elastic potential energy k. conservation of mechanical energy Momentum l. the nature of momentum m. the conservation of momentum n. inelastic collisions o. elastic collisions p. angular momentum 7. Phases of Matter The Structure of Matter a. early theories b. molecules c. atoms d. kinetic theory of matter e. forces between molecules The Solid Phase f. the nature of solids g. cohesion and adhesion h. tensile strength i. ductility and malleability j. elasticity k. Hooke's law The Liquid Phase l. the nature of liquids m. cohesion and adhesion n. surface tension o. capillary p. melting q. effect of pressure on the freezing point r. effect of solutes on the freezing point The Gaseous Phase s. the nature of gases t. vaporization u. equilibrium vapor pressure

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v. boiling w. plasma Fluids in Motion x. common properties of fluids y. the buoyant force of fluids z. streamline flow aa. Bernoulli's principle bb. reducing drag by streamlining

8. Heat Measurements Units of Temperature and Heat a. relationship between heat and temperature b. temperature scales c. heat units

Thermal Expansion d. thermal expansion of solids e. thermal expansion of liquids f. abnormal expansion of water Heat Exchange g. heat capacity h. specific heat i. law of heat exchange Change of Phase j. the triple point k. heat of fusion l. the freezing process m. the boiling process n. heat of vaporization o. the condensing process p. the critical point q. summary of phase changes

9. Heat Engines Heat and Work a. mechanical equivalent of heat b. first law of thermodynamics c. isothermal expansion d. adiabatic expansion e. specific heats of gases

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Heat Transfer Mechanisms f. efficiency of ideal heat engines g. second law of thermodynamics h. entropy i. steam engines j. steam turbines l. gasoline engines m. diesel engines n. gas turbines o. jet engines p. rockets q. heat pumps

10. Waves The Nature of Waves a. energy transfer b. mechanical waves c. transverse waves d. longitudinal waves e. periodic waves f. characteristics of waves g. amplitude and energy Wave Interactions h. properties of waves i. rectilinear propogation j. reflection k. impedance l. refraction m. diffraction n. the superposition principle o. interference p. standing waves

11. Sound Waves The Nature of Sound a. the sonic spectrum b. the production of sound c. sound transmission d. the speed of sound

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e. the properties of sound f. intensity and loudness g. relative intensity measurements h. frequency and pitch i. the Doppler effect Characteristics of Sound Waves j. fundamental tones l. harmonics m. the quality of sound n. the law of strings o. forced vibrations p. resonance q. beats 12. The Nature of Light Waves and Particles a. properties of light b. the corpuscular theory c. the wave theory d. the electromagnetic theory e. the electromagnetic spectrum f. the photoelectric effect g. laws of photoelectric emission h. failures of the wave theory i. the quantum theory j. Einstein's photoelectric equation k. the quantized atom l. coherent light: the laser m. production of X-rays n. the pressure of light Illumination o. luminous and illuminated objects p. the speed of light q. light measurements r. the intensity of a source

13. Reflection a. reflectance b. regular and diffused reflection c. mirrors as reflectors

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d. images by reflection e. images formed by plane mirrors f. curved-mirror terminology g. rays focused by spherical mirrors h. constructing the image of a point i. images formed by concave mirrors j. images formed by convex mirrors k. the reflecting telescope l. object-image relationships

14. Refraction Optical Refraction a. the nature of optical refraction b. refraction and the speed of light c. the index of refraction d. the laws of refraction e. total reflection Lens Optics f. types of lenses g. ray diagrams h. images by refraction i. images formed by converging lenses j. images formed by diverging lenses k. object-image relationships l. the simple magnifier m. the microscope n. refracting telescopes

Dispersion o. dispersion by a prism p. the color of light q. the color of objects r. complementary colors s. the primary colors t. mixing pigments u. chromatic aberration

15. Diffraction and Polarization Interference and Diffraction

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a. double-slit interference b. interference in thin films c. diffraction of light d. wavelength by diffraction e. single-slit diffraction Polarization f. polarization of transverse waves g. selective absorption h. polarization by reflection i. polarization by refraction j. interference patterns k. scattering l. optical rotation

16. Electrostatics Electric Charge a. charges at rest b. two kinds of charge c. electricity and matter d. the electroscope e. conductors and insulators f. transferring electrostatic charge g. residual charge by induction h. the force between charges i. electric fields Potential Difference j. electric potential k. distribution of charges l. effect of the shape of a conductor m. discharging effects of points n. capacitors o. dielectric materials p. the effect of dielectrics q. combinations of capacitors

17. Direct-Current Circuits Sources of Direct Current a. electric charges in motion b. continuous current c. sources of continuous current

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d. the dry cell e. combinations of cells Series and Parallel Circuits f. Ohm's law for dc circuits g. determining internal resistance h. resistances in series i. resistances in parallel j. resistances in simple networks k. the laws of resistance l. range of resistivities m. measuring resistance

18. Heating and Chemical Effects Heating Effects a. energy of an electric current b. energy conversion in resistance c. Joule's law d. power in electric circuits e. maximum transfer of power f. purchasing electric power Electrolysis g. electrolytic cells h. electroplating materials i. Faraday's laws of electrolysis

19. Magnetic Effects Magnetism a. magnetic materials b. the domain theory of magnetism c. force between magnet poles d. magnetic fields of force e. magnetic permeability f. terrestrial magnetism g. the magnetosphere

Electromagnetism h. the link between an electric current and magnetism i. magnetic field and a charge in motion

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j. magnetic field and a current loop k. the electromagnet l. the galvanometer m. the dc voltmeter n. the dc ammeter o. the ohmmeter

20. Electromagnetic Induction Induced Currents a. discovery of induced current b. Faraday's induction experiments c. factors affecting induced emf d. the cause of an induced emf e. the direction of induced current f. Lenz's law Generators and Motors g. the generator principle h. the basic ac generator i. instantaneous current and voltage j. paractical ac generators k. the dc generator l. field excitation m. Ohm's law and generator circuits n. the motor effect o. back emf p. practical dc motors q. practical ac motors Inductance r. mutual inductance s. self-inductance t. inductors in series and parallel u. the transformer v. transformer losses

21. Alternating-Current Circuits AC Measurements a. power in ac circuits b. effective values of current and voltage c. inductance in an ac circuit

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d. inductance and resistance e. inductive reactance f. impedance g. capacitance in an ac circuit h. capacitance and resistance i. L, R, and C in series Resonance j. inductive reactance vs frequency k. capacitive reactance vs frequency l. series resonance m. selectivity in series resonance

22. Electronic Devices Vacuum Tubes a. electronics, a branch of physics b. vacuum-tube applications c. vacuum tube development d. thermionic development e. diode character f. the triode amplifier g. the cathode-ray tube h. photomultiplier tube Transistors i. crystal diodes j. transistor development k. p- and n-type semiconductors l. the p-n junction m. two types of junction transistors n. transistor amplification o. transistor characteristics p. the photovoltaic effect

23. Atomic Structure The Electron a. subatomic particles b. discovery of the electron c. measuring the mass of the electron d. the electronic charge

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e. size of the electron f. motion of the electron

The Nucleus g. discovery of the atomic nucleus h. the proton i. the neutron j. isotopes k. the mass spectrograph l. nuclear binding

24. Nuclear Reactions Types of Nuclear Reactions a. discovery of radioactivity b. nature of radioactivity c. types of natural radioactivity d. nuclear symbols and equations e. radioactive decay f. nuclear bombardment g. fission h. fusion i. cosmic rays Uses of Nuclear Energy j. chain reactions k. nuclear reactors l. nuclear power m. radioisotopes

25. High-Energy Physics Quantum Mechanics a. the uncertainty principle b. quantum numbers c. matter waves Particle Accelerators d. providing high-energy particles e. Van de Graff generators f. circular accelerators g. linear accelerators Detection Instruments h. types of detectors

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i. low-energy detectors j. photographic film k. liquid bubble chambers l. electronic bubble chambers m. solid-state detectors

Subatomic Reactions n. classification of subatomic particles o. particle interactions p. subatomic conservation laws q. quarks r. unified field theory

VI. SUGGESTED LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS A. Laboratory Manual For Modern Physics

1. Measurement of Length2. Measurement of Mass and Density3. Graphing Experimental Data4. Measurement of Time5. Graphical Analysis of Motion6. Graphical Analysis of Motion: Uniform Acceleration7. Force and Acceleration8. Mass and Acceleration9. Friction

10. Addition of Force Vectors11. Analysis of the Path of a Projectile12. Centripetal Force13. The Pendulum14. Kepler's Law of Equal Areas15. Conservation of Momentum: Internal Force16. Conservation of Momentum: A Collision in Two Dimensions17. Pulleys18. Conservation of Energy: The Inclined Plane19. The Conservation of Thermal Energy20. The Specific Heat of a Metal21. Heat of Fusion of Ice22. The Diameter of a Molecule23. Boyle's Law24. Archimedes' Principle

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25. Wave Properties26. Pulses in a Ripple Tank27. Wavelength, Frequency, and Speed28. Refraction of Waves29. Diffraction and Interference of Waves30. Speed of Sound in Air31. Luminous Intensity and Efficiency of Light Bulbs32. Snell's Law33. Images Produced by Curved Mirrors34. Law of Refraction of Light35. Convex Lenses36. Measuring the Wavelength of Light Waves37. Static Electricity38. Coulomb's Law39. Charging and Discharging a Capacitor40. Ohm's Law41. Electrical Equivalent of Heat42. Series Circuits43. Parallel Circuits44. Series-Parallel Circuits45. Magnetic Fields Around Magnets46. Magnetic Fields Around a Current-Bearing Wire47. Current and Field Strength48. Induced Current and Lenz' s Law49. The DC Generator, the DC Motor50. Energy Transfer by an Electric Motor51. Magnetic Field Strength (Magnetic Induction)52. Ratio of q/m for the Electron53. A Model For the Quantum Concept54. The Spectra of Elements55. Half-Life Simulation

B. PRISMS - Physics Resources and Strategies For Motivating Students

Iowa Physics Task ForcePub. Physics Dept., University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa

Kinematics and VectorsI-1. Name That Motion (Video - Collage of Motion)

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I-2. The Physics 500I-3. In Time You Will See The Moving Plot - Part II-4. In Time You Will See The Moving Plot - Part III-5. Keep Your Eye on The BallI-7. How Fast Do You Fall?

I-10. Crepe Paper RelayI-13. Rafter PhysicsI-14. Toothpick BridgesI-15. Collapsing BridgesI-17. A Lab With a TwistI-18. Mass WatchersI-19. Where Is Your Center of Gravity?

Dynamics

II-1. Look Out! No Brakes!II-2. Pool Ball - Silver Dollar TrickII-3. Barbie, Ken, and Sir IsaacII-4. Carts With Spring BalanceII-5. Can You Change Your Motion?II-6. Who Has the Pull Around Here?II-8. Why Do You Slip on a Water Slide?II-9. Slippery As An Eel

II-10. Chair Friction Lab II-11. Balloon RocketsII-12. The All-American Egg DropII-13. Blow-OutII-14. "Pop Goes The Weasel" DemonstrationII-15. Three-Stage Human Rocket

II-16. Shot From BehindII-18. Spin Offs II-19. Around And AroundII-21. Motion of a Projectile

Work and EnergyIII-1. It's All UphillIII-2. All Work and No PlayIII-3. Giant SlideIII-4. Kinetic Energy on a Hot Wheels TrackIII-9. How Fast Is Your Fast Ball?

III-11. How Fast Can You Work?

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III-12. Human Body Power LabIII-13. Coasting Is Easy

Internal Energy and HeatIV-1. Gulf Stream In a FlaskIV-2. Are You A Warm Body?IV-3. Go With The Flow: Thermometers and HeatIV-4. Absolute Zero: The Uncommon ColdIV-5. Give And TakeIV-6. Antifreeze in the Summer?IV-7. The Big Bang!IV-8. Hot StuffIV-9. Cool and Wet

IV-10. You Make Me BoilIV-11. Hot Shot

Wave PhenomenaV-1. Chalk Talk *#!!+?V-2. Mechanical SnakeV-3. Ripple While You WorkV-4. "Fore!" Golf and the Speed of SoundV-6. Images, Images, ImagesV-7. Don't Shatter My ImageV-8. Mirror, Mirror on the WallV-9. The Kaleidoscope

V-10. The Right Stuff From Right-Angle MirrorsV-11. Focal Point: Where The Sons Raise MeetV-13. Do You Have a Twin?V-14. Out of Sight CoinsV-15. Bending Light, Lenses, and Focal LengthV-16. Air LensesV-17. Rainbows Without RainV-18. Photons on the EdgeV-19. Measuring The MicroscopicV-23. To Be or Not To Be Polarized

Electricity and MagnetismVI-1. Will That Be Cash or "Charge?"VI-2. How Do You Get So Charged?VI-5. Charges on a HillVI-6. Lightning RodsVI-7. Charge a Peanut

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VI-8. Sparky The ElectricianVI-10. Ohm, Ohm, on the Range - Parts I, II, and IIIVI-11. 3-D Magnetic FieldVI-12. Mystery BoxesVI-13. Which Way Is North?VI-14. You're RepulsiveVI-16. Bicycle Generator

Atomic and NuclearVII-1. Making InferencesVII-2. How Big Is That Nucleus, I Mean Marble?VII-3. The "M and M" Half-Life AnalogVII-4. Chain Reaction SimulationVII-5. Nuclear Issues

VII. SUGGESTED DEMONSTRATIONS1. Newton's First Law2. Inertia and Newton's First Law3. Acceleration of Freely Falling Objects4. Frictional Effects of Air5. Independence of Horizontal and Vertical Motion6. A Projectile Path Demonstrator7. Centripetal Force8. Newton's Third Law9. Conservation of Momentum I

10. Conservation of Momentum II11. Galilean Thermometers12. Specific Heat of a Metal and Water13. Gravitational Energy to Thermal Energy14. Heating and Cooling a Gas15. Compressibility of Air-A Cartesian Diver16. Atmospheric Pressure17. Bernoulli's Principle18. Atomizers19. Surface Tension20. Thermal Expansion of a Solid21. Slinky Wave Demonstrator22. Sound Waves Require a Medium23. The Doppler Effect24. Resonance25. Beats

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26. Light Travels in a Straight Line27. Inverse Square Law28. The Red Sunset - Light Scattering29. Refraction - The Disappearing Act30. Total Internal Reflection31. Cool Light32. Burning the Candle at Both Ends33. Lens Combinations34. Interference of paper Waves35. Diffraction Patterns With a Laser36. Patterns on the Overhead Projector37. Using a Vande Graaff Generator38. Bending Water39. Shielding the Electroscope40. Properties of Capacitors41. Extent of an Electric Field42. The Electric Pinwheel43. Ohm's Law44. Heating Effect of Electricity45. Short Circuits46. Parallel and Series Circuits47. Magnetic Fields Around Current-Bearing Wires48. Current-Carrying Wires In a Magnetic Field49. Forces Between Parallel Current-Carrying Wires50. The Generator-Motor Effect51. Photoelectric Cells52. Models of the Atom - Rutherford's Effect53. A Statistical Probability Demonstrator

VIII. SUGGESTED VIDEOS, COMPUTER SOFTWARE, AND FILMSTRIPS Videos:

1. Conceptual Physics

Software:1. Interactive Physics2. Fun Physics3. Delta Graph Pro

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Filmstrips:- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Filmstrip Number Cassette Number-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1. Madame Curie: Radium 212. Laws of Motion 453. Scientific Revolution I 92 12184. Scientific revolution II 93 12195. Scientific Revolution III 94 12206. Dynamics: Bodies in Motion 1627. Heat and Work Engines 1678. Radioactivity 1799. Moments of Force and Torque 182

10. Electrical Units (Definitions) 193 124011. Measure of Resistance 239 12. Photoelectric Effects 24513. Voltaic Cells 39514. Energy and Man: Heat Energy I 56515. Energy and Man: Heat Energy II 56616. Temperature 108017. Science Adventures:

Magnetism and Electricity Magnetism 1512

Nature of Electricity 1513Chemical Energy and Electricity 1515

18. Introduction to Energy 1547 Side 1 68119. Radiant Energy 1548 Side 2 68120. Mechanical Energy 1552 Side 2 68321. Light: Part I - What is Light? 1555 68522. Light: Part II - How Light Travels 1556 68623. Sound: Part I - What is Sound? 1557 68724. Sound: Part II - How Sound Travels 1558 68825. Static Electricity and Base Currents 1579 69926. Series Circuits 1580 70027. Parallel Circuits 1581 70128. AC and DC Circuits 1582 70229. Cells and Batteries 1583 70330. Problems on Simple Electric Circuits 1584 70431. Light and Color 1585 70532. Color Combinations 1586 70633. Reflection 1587 70734. Refraction 1588 70835. Galileo: Challenge of Reason-Part I 1590 71636. Galileo: Challenge of Reason-Part II 1591 71737. Quantum Theory - Part I 1993 99438. Quantum Theory - Part II 1994 99539. Particles and Waves - Part I 1995 99640. Particles and Waves - Part II 1996 99741. Particles and Waves - Part III 1997 99842. Particles and Waves - Part IV 1998 99943. Light - Part I 2002 1003

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44. Light - Part II 2003 100445. Light - Part III 2004 100546. Light - Part IV 2005 100647. Newton - Part I 2024 102548. Newton - Part II 2025 102649. General Relativity - Part I 2300 136650. General Relativity - Part II 2301 136751. General Relativity - Part III 2302 136852. General Relativity - Part IV 2303 136953. General Relativity - Part V 2304 137054. Collecting and Plotting Linear Data 2336 1406 s55. Gravity - Part I: Planetary Motion 2366 145756. Gravity - Part II: Universe Gravitation2367 145859. Optics - Reflection: Curved Mirrors 2368 146060. Optics - Refraction: Curved Lenses 2369 146161. Optics - Diffraction & Interference 2370 146262. What is Science? What is Physics? 2517 166263. World of Sound Energy - Part I 2815 202664. World of Sound Energy - Part II 2816 202765. World of Sound Energy - Part III 2817 202866. World of Sound Energy - Part IV 2818 202967. World of Sound Energy - Part V 2819 203068. World of Light Energy - Part I 2822 203369. World of Light Energy - Part II 2823 203470. World of Light Energy - Part III 2824 203571. World of Light Energy - Part IV 2825 203672. World of Light Energy - Part V 2826 2037

IX. EVALUATION Student evaluation for this course is in accordance with the Board-approved policy on grading, including the mandatory Homework requirement and Final Exams.

Grades are also assigned based upon:

1. tests (teacher-made and/or standardized) 2. quizzes 3. class participation The following evaluation criteria may also be used:

1. notebooks 2. lab books 3. research reports (oral/written) 4. projects 5. labs

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X. CORRELATION WITH STATE CORE COURSE PROFICIENCIES

PROFICIENCIESA Definition of Physics:

Energy and matter are the only observable things in the universe and are really the same thing. Matter is an extremely compact form of energy. The universe is a space-time continuum that is defined by matter-energy. In the belief that nature is governed by a few basic laws, the science of physics is founded upon discovering the interactive relationships of matter and energy.A. Proficiencies that emphasize the process of physics: Upon completion of a high school physics course the student will be able to:

1. Use a geometric, algebraic, or physical model to explain or predict outcomes for systems considered in the content proficiencies and recognize that they are dynamic in nature.

2. Recognize and quantitatively apply the conservation principles of momentum and mechanical energy to explain and predict outcomes of one-dimensional, two-body interactions.

3. Recognize and qualitatively use the conservation of energy (mechanical, heat, electrical) and the concept of entropy to demonstrate the transformation from one form of energy to another.

4. Recognize the interrelationships, synthesis, and historical context of major breakthroughs in physics, such as the work of Copernicus, Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, and Einstein.

5. Recognize the error in measurement in light of their knowledge of the limits of precision in a given instrument

and identify reasonable outcomes and predictions based on measurements with the instrument.

6. Identify the frame of reference when observing physical phenomena.

7. Realize the universality of physical laws by recognizing laws as they operate in different circumstances and/or

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environments (e.g. universal gravitation).8. Realize the universality of physical laws by recognizing

the basic assumptions associated with the application of laws (ideal vs. real, e.g. no friction).

9. Apply a problem-solving technique while conducting inquiries by:

a. formulating a problem or question that can be analyzed, b. setting up proper experimental conditions for solving the problem, c. following proper and safe experimental procedure, d. analyzing observations, d. interpreting and describing this analysis, and e. evaluating the results against the original question.

10. Apply the tools of physics in conducting inquiries such as: a. Using the instruments normally found in a high school laboratory, including analog meters, to collect and organize measurements of physical variables. b. Describing gravitational, electrical, and magnetic effects in terms of fields. c. Using the International System of Units (metric system)

in measurement and problem analysis. d. Using mathematical, simple statistical, and graphical models identify patterns and relationships

that can be found directly from a given set of measurements. e. Adding and subtracting displacement, velocity, and force vectors by graphical methods.

11. Use core course concepts to make informed decisions regarding technological applications, career goals and

opportunities, and safety and well-being.

B. Proficiencies that emphasize the content of physics: Upon completion of a high school physics course the student will be able to:

1. Apply Galileo's analysis to describe Newton's Laws to explain the motion of single objects (including the special

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cases of: linear motion, projectile motion, uniform circular motion, and universal gravitation).

2. Qualitatively identify or predict the transport of energy and the reflection, refraction, diffraction, or interference of

both transverse and longitudinal waves.

3. Describe the reflection and qualitatively represent the refraction of light at an interface in terms of the principles of reflection and refraction.

4. Apply knowledge of reflection and refraction of light to relate the path of light to the geometry of plane and spherical surfaces and to find the path of light through a converging lens with a given foci.

5. Qualitatively apply an appropriate model (e.g. particle, wave, or photon) of electromagnetic radiation to account for

reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction, photoelectric effect, line spectra.

6. Describe static and current electricity as it occurs in experimental and day-to-day settings.

7. Apply the mathematical expressions of Ohm's Law and electric power

to account for experimental observations of single resistors.8. For the simplest case in electromagnetism, qualitatively

describe: (a) the effect on a charged particle moving through a magnetic field, and (b) the magnetic interaction of two current-carrying wires.

9. Recognize the fact that electromagnetic waves are generated by accelerated charge.

10. Describe the equivalence of mass and energy implicit in the relationship E = mc2.

11. Describe the sources and effects of ultra-violet, gamma, alpha, beta, infrared, and cosmic radiation.

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Minimum Proficiencies - Honors Physics

The course proficiencies listed below represent the minimumrequirements in order to receive a passing grade for this course.

1. Students should participate in discussions following classwork, movies, or demonstrations with a general knowledge of subjects.2. Students should be able to follow instructions to complete a lab task set before them.3. Students should be able to write a complete lab report using guidelines set by the instructor.4. Students should be able to read charts and graphs for information they contain.5. Students should be able to successfully complete graphing problems.6. Students should be able to choose equipment required for lab work.7. Students should know the application and operation of equipment and be able to properly use the equipment to get accurate measurements.8. Students should be able to function as a lab team to successfully arrive at a solution to a lab problem.9. Students should demonstrate good safety practices in the laboratory.

10. Students should be able to research and organize information and data for a scientific paper. (Guidelines for the paper are those set by the English department of Rutherford High School).11. Students should be able to research and organize information and data for an oral report based on the material mentioned in proficiency # 10.12. Students should have the basic understanding of the operation of any microcomputer of access to the science department.13. Students should successfully complete a set of problems on the computer in any of the disciplines of physics.14. Students should be able to transpose a word problem into an algebraic or trigonometric equation and come to a correct numerical conclusion.15. Students should be able to use and understand the MKS system of metric measurement.

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16. Students should have an understanding of the following material:• Motion in a straight line• Graphical analysis of motion• Vectors• Dynamics• Momentum and its conservation• Motion in two dimensions• Universal gravitation• Work and power• Energy and its conservation• Measurement of heat• Heat as energy• Kinetic theory• Gas laws• Waves and energy transfer• The nature of light• Reflection, refraction, diffraction, and origin of light• Mirrors and lenses• Static electricity• Electric currents• Series and parallel circuits• Magnetic fields• Electromagnetic field applications• Quantum theory• Atomic and nuclear physics

17. Students should demonstrate the basic understanding of the operation of a simple scientific calculator.18. Students should have a basic vocabulary of terms in the physics area.19. Students should maintain an organized notebook for both lecture and lab throughout the entire year.20. Students should hand in homework assignments consistantly on time. (including lab assignments)21. Students must meet the standards for a passing grade as outlined in the policy on grading in the student/parent handbook.22. Students must meet the requirements for school attendance as outlined in the Board of Education policy on attendance.

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