1

LEADERSHIP

2

Questions to Lt. Gen David Leakey, Director-General, EUMS

Q: General Leakey, you took over from Lt. Gen.Jean-Paul Perruche, of France, as Director-Generalof the EUMS on 28 February this year. What are yourpriorities as DGEUMS?

Lt. Gen David Leakey: As you said, I have only justtaken over from Gen. Perruche and I am only six weeks orso in the job. First of all, I would like to thank him for a veryprofessional handover. But as he would be the first toagree, there remains much work tobe done. For a start, I believe that wein the EU need to become more agilein how we can respond to crisissituations. This requires, as far aspossible, a seamless integration of all of the instruments,civilian and military, so that there are parallel lines ofactivity working towards a common goal. This demandsintensive civil-military cooperation, and our ambition is toimprove our capabilities in this area, but not at the expenseof purely military capabilities: the essential capability thatthe military brings to a situation is to set the conditions forstability, so that the civilians are enabled to carry out theirroles. And that military capability may include therequirement to fight.

We are progressingwell, in terms of militarycapabilities: The EU'sBattlegroup concept

reached its Initial OperationalCapability in Jan 2005, and itsFull Operational Capability on

1st January this year. Of course,we still have to deal with

shortfalls in terms ofdeveloping our HeadlineGoal 2010, especiallywith regards tostrategic lift; but we areworking well in thatdirection, and arecapitalising as far aspossible on NATO'sexperiences.

I believe that weneed to improve ourplanning at the

strategic level. While the EUFOR Operation in the RDCongo was a great success, some of the lessons we arelearning from it indicate that political/military planningmachinery needs to be fine-tuned, and it is vital that thelessons learned are fully taken on board at all relevantlevels. The EU has carried out, or is carrying out, sixteenmissions so far, and is preparing two more civilian ones, inAfghanistan and Kosovo, under ESDP. While only four ofthese missions have been purely military ones, most, if not

all of the others, require a militarycontribution to a greater or lesser

degree.

Q: Can you briefly describe theplanning and decision making process to which you referred, and to which the EUMS contributes?

Lt. Gen David Leakey: The decision makingprocess that takes place at strategic level in Brusselsresults in a number of documents being preparedwhich allow the Operation Commander to preparehis own Concept of Operations. To simplify it as muchas possible, once the Council has decided that anoperation may take place, then the Secretary-General/High Representative will send a fact-findingmission (consisting, normally, of military and civilianexperts), the members of which will contribute to acomprehensive approach to the crisis with proposalsregarding various level of engagement.

The EU Military Committee (EUMC) will then considerthese before forwarding them to the Political and SecurityCommittee (PSC). These are also considered, of course, bymilitary and civilian members of headquarters and ministriesof Defence and Foreign Affairs in the capitals. Uponrecommendation, a Crisis Management Concept is agreedby the Council.

The EUMS then develops and prioritises Military StrategicOptions which are passed through the EUMC and thePSC before the Council agrees it. Finally, EUMS prepares anInitiating Military Directive to be approved by the PSC,authorising the Operation Commander to prepare hisConcept of Operations and Operation Plan.

Q: It is clear that the EU Military Staff will have amajor role in planning military missions. In whatway does the EUMS contribute to civilian missions?

Taking Charge: A New DG at the EUMS

Lt. General David Leakey wasappointed Director General of theEUMS on 28 February 2007.

Military capability may include the requirement to fight“ ”

D E F E N C E A N D S E C U R I T YLEADERSHIP

3

Lt. Gen David Leakey: Probably the main militaryinput is in the area of planning; but it is not limited to that.The Military Staff also provides essential military expertisein the preparation of any mission. For a typical mission, oncethe Council has decided that a fact-finding mission shouldbe sent to the area in question, and depending on the typeof mission, a range of experts will be selected to participate.These will include military experts in operations, logistics,communications and medical matters, and also in publicinformation and press. Since its establishment in 2005, theCiv-Mil Cell has been deeply involved in the planning andpreparation of many missions, and continues to be involved,for example, with the forthcoming police mission inAfghanistan. Indeed, many of the personnel who participateon civilian missions, such as the Aceh Monitoring Missionand EUSEC DR Congo, are themselves military officers onsecondment.

Q: What is the Civ-Mil Cell and how is it unique?

Lt. Gen David Leakey: The Civ/Mil Cell including itsinherent Operations Centre capacity is the first standing EUbody that fully integrates military and civilian expertise,including from the European Commission. It has beenplaced within the EU Military Staff and, consisting of some30 people, constitutes one of its six Divisions. In conformitywith its mandate agreed by the Council in December2004, the Civ/Mil Cell was established in the secondsemester of 2005. It consists of two distinct Branches:

• The Strategic Planning Branch, made up of a eightmilitary and seven civilian planners, including twocolleagues from the Commission, undertakes StrategicContingency Planning. Advance planning is developed forpossible missions/operations, taking account of the EU'sstrategic objectives, includingstrategic options for the variousinstruments and outline resourcerequirements. It is undertaken atthe initiative of the SG/HR Solana orthe Political and Security Committee. The aim of thisplanning is to enhance the EU's capacity for rapid action.Once the EU has decided to respond to a specific crisisand to launch a mission, the Cell provides assistance toCrisis Response Strategic Planning for single strandoperations, civilian or military, carried out under theresponsibility of the appropriate Secretariat service, inparticular in the context of previously undertaken StrategicContingency Planning.

• The Operations Centre Permanent Staff is responsible formaintaining the capability to generate the inherentcapacity to plan and run an autonomous EU operation- in particular where a joint civilian/military response isrequired and where no national HQ is identified. ThePermanent Staff forms the Key Nucleus of the EU Ops

Centre that will be activated upon a Council decision. AnInitial Operating Capability, that is the ability to plan, hasto be achieved within 5 days by using the Key Nucleusreinforced by essentially 'double-hatted' staff from theMilitary Staff. Full Operational Capability, that is theability to plan and operate, will be reached within 20 daysof activation with further reinforcement of pre-identifiedpersonnel from our civilian counterparts within theSecretariat and from Member States.

Q: While the EU and NATO have much in common,is there any concern that both may becomecompetitors in the crisis management market? Howdo EU member states, who are also NATO members,

decide to which organisation tocommit its assets in situations

where both are providing military forces?

Lt. Gen David Leakey: You are correct in saying thatthe EU and NATO have much in common. They are similarin that they have the same values, are groupings of westerndemocracies, and share similar strategic interests. Theydiffer in that while NATO is mainly a military force, operatesin a collective defence capacity and across the spectrum ofmilitary capabilities, the EU, on the other hand, is mainlypolitical, civilian and economic in its use of instruments, anddeals mainly with the crisis management tasks mentionedin article 17.2 of the Treaty on European Union andelaborated on in the EU's Security Strategy.

But the EU now also has an effective military arm. Withall these instruments it can undertake such tasks as:Humanitarian & rescue operations, Peacekeeping andCombat forces in crisis management, including

Political/military decisionmaking needs to be fine-tuned

So far, the EU has carried sixteen missions including four militaryoperations. (Photo Council of the EU, Aceh, September 2005)

“ ”

peacemaking. In addition, the EU can extend its missionsto Support for third countries in combatting terrorism andInstitution Building that include Disarmament,Demobilisation, Reintegration (DDR) and Security SectorReform (SSR).

From the EU Special Representative down, the EU adoptsa coherent approach to all of its efforts within a theatre.Real cooperation exists, for examplein the meetings that take placeregularly between NATO's NorthAtlantic Council (NAC), the EU'sPolitical and Security Committee (PSC) and between both MilitaryCommittees. Through the so-called "Berlin plus"arrangements, the EU may utilise NATO assets, including,as in the case of Operation ALTHEA in Bosnia i Herzegovina,command and control assets such as the OperationHeadquarters in SHAPE. Regular staff-to staff talks takeplace, and we have developed our liaison arrangements tothe extent that there is now an EU liaison cell at SHAPE,and a NATO Permanent liaison team in our building inBrussels.

To answer your question directly, then, EU MemberStates who are also NATO members, coordinate theircontributions to each organisation so as to avoid overlap.So, for example, those German soldiers who are part of theGerman-Dutch-Finnish battlegroup on standby to the EUnow may well find themselves on standby to NATO in thefuture.

Q: Given your experience, do you really believe thatESDP offers the best way to deal with crisismanagement conflicts?

Lt. Gen David Leakey: Yes, I have, over the years,participated in operations conducted under the leadershipof NATO, the UN, the EU, the OSCE, Coalition, and ofcourse national leadership. All of these were different,with one common denominator being that, apart from

national operations, national caveats and restrictions arealways part of multinational operations, no matter underwhose umbrella they take place. The secret is to select theright tool for the job, and that means to choose the mostappropriate vehicle for a particular operation. So, what wasaccomplished last year in the DR Congo, was very successfuland was suited to the EU. At present, other, more robustmissions and operations, may be better suited to other

organisations; but the EU is developingits capabilities, and we areapproaching a time when the EU willbe able to undertake operations suchas the separation of parties by force,which is one of the illustrative

scenarios used in the Headline Goal to which I referredearlier.

Certainly, the EU offers a very coherent approach,uniting as it does all of the instruments under a EU banner;this contributes to the confidence of all of the people intheatre. However, other organisations, such as the AfricanUnion where appropriate, may be more suitable (with, ofcourse, help, financial and advisory, from the EU). n

LEADERSHIP

4

National caveats andrestrictions are always part of multinational operations

PROFILE

Lieutenant General David Leakey CMG CBE, from the UKArmy (Royal Tank regiment) has served in Cyprus, NorthernIreland, Germany, the Balkans and in Canada.

General Leakey has an in-depth experience in crisismanagement. In 1993, at the MOD, he had responsibilityfor Operations Planning and Policy covering Eastern andWestern Europe, and specifically the Former Yugoslavia.Later that year, he was the UK Military Representative inDayton at the Bosnia peace negotiations. In 1996-1997,he deployed as part of the NATO (IFOR and SFOR) operationin Bosnia. He commanded the European Force (EUFOR)responsible for peace and security in Bosnia andHerzegovina in 2004-2005.

He has a keen interest in classical music and is a (very)amateur pianist and singer. He remains an enthusiastic andvigorous all round games player having played squash atArmy and national level and numerous other sports atlower representative levels. He enjoys tennis, shooting, golf,skiing, board sailing, and chain sawing. He is ColonelCommandant of the Royal Tank Regiment, President of ArmySquash, a Governor of the National Children’s Orchestra ofGreat Britain, Honorary Colonel of Army Cadet Force Music,Patron of the Dorset Yeomanry, and Chairman of a smallproperty management company. He is married and has twosons.The EU needs to become more reactive for early responses to crisis

situations (Photo EUFOR).

“”

5

FOCUS

With effect from 1 January2007, the EU has had athird option for

commanding, from Brussels, missionsand operations of Opreration"Artemis" size (that is, like that of abattlegroup: some 2,000 troops).From that date, the new EUOperations Centre within the EUMilitary Staff has been ready foractivation. Using some EUMS corestaff, as well as some extra “double-hatted” EUMS officers and so-called“augmentees” from the MemberStates, the EU has an increasedcapacity to respond to crisismanagement situations.

So far, the EU has had two optionsas to how to run a military operationat the Operation Headquarters(OHQ) level. One option is, in a so-called “autonomous” operation, tomake use of facilities provided byany of the five OHQs currentlyavailable in European MemberStates: France (used in "Artemis"),Germany (used in EUFOR RD Congo),Greece, Italy, and the UK. A secondoption is, through recourse to NATOcapabilities and common assets(under the so-called “Berlin plus”arrangements), to make use of an OHQ located at SupremeHeadquarters, Allied Powers Europe

(SHAPE) in Mons, Belgium. This isused in the conduct of OperationALTHEA, where EUFOR BiH operatesin Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Like other EU OHQs, the militarycomponent of the EU Ops Centre willbe organised in divisions - personnel,intelligence, operations, logistics,plans, communications, training,finance, CIMIC (civil-militarycooperation) and medical support -that will be led by a senior officerresponsible for a particular area ofcapability. They will conduct theplanning under the authority of theOperation Commander. The OpsCentre's civilian component willremain under the control of theCouncil General Secretariat (DG forExternal Relations). One of the main

advantages of such an 'integrated'civil-military Ops Centre will be thatcivilian experts and military officersare co-located and work hand inhand . This should lead to better co-ordination and enhanced civ-milcooperation in crisis managementoperations.

The Operations Centre will beequipped with the necessary securecommunications links to the militaryForce Headquarters as well as to theEU political-military structures.

Looking ahead, the militaryexercise MILEX 07/CPX will beconducted in June 2007. Its objectiveis to exercise and evaluate militaryaspects of the EU crisis managementat the military strategic andoperational level, including theactivation of the Operations Centre.The exercise will focus on theinteraction between the EUOperations Centre and an EU FHQprovided by Sweden in an EU-ledcrisis management operation. Thisexercise will be an importantopportunity to exercise and evaluatethe Operations Centre capacity,infrastructure, manning, functions,and procedures. nThe EU OpsCen provides a new option for commanding missions and operations from

Brussels.

A visit by the EU Military Committee to the Operations Centre (21 February 2007).

Ready for Activation:The New EU Operations Centre

OVERVIEW

In less than two years the EuropeanSecurity and Defence Policy willcomplete its first decade. I should

like to commend the quality of thesedevelopments, and would like totake stock, honestly, withoutcompromise or false modesty, of ourachievements since the Saint-Malomeeting and the Cologne Summit.To take stock but also to look ahead,for if we do not explore the future,we condemn our present to bemerely history.

The picture I present is first andforemost that of the Chiefs ofDefence of the EU Member States,since, as Chairman of the MilitaryCommittee, I am their spokesman. Itis a role in which I feel particularlycomfortable, having myself been amember of the Committee for thelast four years. The overridingconcern of a Chief of Defence Staffis to secure in the field the militarysuccess that the political authorities

are seeking, at the minimum humancost. For a CHOD there is nothingmore precious than the individualsoldier's life, for which he takes fullresponsibility during operations. Theoperation's overall management,based on exact and detailedplanning, military capabilities geared

to the mission and leaders appointedfor their abilities and personalcommitment, is what will bringsuccess in the best possibleconditions.

With an engagement that has reached 7,000 troops, Operation Althea in Bosnia is themost important EU military mission to date. (Photo EUFOR)

"What's Past is Prologue"

6

General Bentégeat, Chairman of the EU Military Committee gives a review of the military aspects of the ESDP

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"What's Past is Prologue"

D E F E N C E A N D S E C U R I T YOVERVIEW

The Current State of Play

Over the last four years the Unionhas conducted four militaryoperations1, one of which, Althea, isstill ongoing. All have been successfulor are well on the way to being so.Admittedly, they were on a modestscale in terms both of volume oftroops committed and of objectives.But this does not alter the fact thatfor each of the three completedoperations, the Union set a politicalgoal, which the military instrumentachieved within the allotted time.That could be summed up as follows:when the EU uses its militaryinstrument, it says what it does, doeswhat it says, and does it rather well.Clearly, that is a first good reason forsatisfaction.

My second comment bears moreparticularly on the Union's militarycapabilities, a term which I use tocover all the resources feeding intothe action, i.e. planning, equipmentand personnel. The planning of operations which the Unionconducted alone (Artemis, and morerecently EUFOR RD Congo) involved

c l o s e

cooperation between the EU MilitaryStaff, Operation Headquarters (OHQ)and, as necessary, at its level, Force Headquarters (FHQ). Sucharrangements do not necessarily raisedifficulties, but we found that the geographicaldistance betweenthe politicaldecis ion-takingc e n t r e ,in Brussels, themilitary planners of OHQ, and theplanners in the theatre of operationsdoes not facilitate exchange.

Force generation is also a primaryconcern. If a Member State is tosupply troops or major equipment toan EU operation, two conditionsmust be met: it must consider that itwill benefit politically from itsparticipation, and it must have theassets. But, heavy demands arebeing made on European countriestoday with the proliferation of crisesin the world. We have also to admitthat we have well-known shortfalls,in particular as regards strategic liftand joint logistics.

I nevertheless remain stronglyoptimistic: we have made a

significant step forward interms of organisation, Iought rather to say oftransformation, with thebattlegroup concept. BGs

not only provide the EUwith a minimum level of crisisresponse but also act as an important

means of achieving interoperability,developing a shared culture and oflearning about all the military andeven political constraints involved inrapid response to emergencies. Butthat is not all; we are also engaged

in the groundworkrelating to theHeadline Goal 2010process, an effortwhich should enableus to identify our

shortfalls, limit duplication and findinnovative organisational solutionsthrough more efficient sharing ofour capabilities.

To sum up, on the military level,the assessment of eight years ofEuropean security and defence policyis a positive one.

The Way Ahead

So do we stop here? Certainly not.My first concern for the future is to

demonstrate, operationally, therelevance of the work we have doneover the last three years. On 1 January2007 the battlegroup conceptofficially reached full operationalcapability. The concept's credibilitydepends on our will and our ability tocommit all or some of the BGs onstandby should a crisis occur in thenear future requiring swift use of themilitary instrument. And the moreimportant of those two words, youwill have guessed, is "will", politicalwill but also military will, which is

EU operations contribute to restoring security in crisis-torn countries. (Photo AntonioRusevski, FYROM)

wThe future is to demonstrate,operationally, the relevanceof the work we have done

7

General Henri Bentégeat was appointedChairman of the EU Military Committee On6 November 2006.

OVERVIEW

often more decisive than is believed.The inherent difficulties of launchingan operation and the shortfallsreferred to earlier will be brakes onour action but they need not to mymind be crucial. If battlegroups arenot operationally committed in thenext two years, their credibility andthat of the EU will beseriously affected.

The OperationsCentre, too, hasofficially reached fulloperational capability.The Milex/07 military exercise, due inJune 2007, is designed to test that,with regard to its main tasks, theCentre functions smoothly whenconducting a military operation. Oncethe test has been validated, the EUOpsCen will provide a third commandoption for EU operations, after thenational OHQs and the use of NATOcommon assets. The OpsCen should,of course, soon be given strategicoperational responsibility. Theadvantages of such a centre are wellknown (permanent facility for theEuropean Union, civilian/militarysynergy, political decision-taking andstrategic command located on one

site), as are its limitations, which arelinked to its modest size2.

This leads me to the second area inwhich I see scope for very rapidprogress, namely the post-HamptonCourt organisation measures recentlyoutlined by the Secretary General, Mr

Solana, which involvestrengthening the chainof command in civilianoperations. It barelyneeds stressing that thecrises that we have todeal with today cannot

be solved by military force alone. Themilitary instrument, whose task is torestore security in crisis-torn countries,must be supported by civilianinstruments, the only ones able toreinstate the rule of law and providelocal populations with long-termprospects to keep them from beingdrawn into violence.

This new approach - military andcivilian personnel working inintelligent synergy - must withoutdoubt be the focus of our effortsnow. It will involve adapting ourstructures but also changing ourcultures. Henceforward we must be

able to deploy a BG and a CrisisResponse Team (CRT) rapidly (andperhaps jointly, depending oncircumstances), to direct theiroperations through clearly definedchains of command, to put in placeat each level the means of conductingongoing, constructive and mutuallysupportive dialogue between civilianand military players, and to createfull synergy between the Union'scivilian and military operations.

Lastly, the third strand which I feelto be essential if we truly wish to givethe Union the means of ensuring itssecurity is the effort against thevarious forms of trafficking, inparticular the work undertaken onthe Union's maritime dimension withregard to Member States having totackle a common problem of coastalsurveillance, drug trafficking, illegalmigration and pollution, requiringheavy involvement of militarycapabilities.

I will end this review of the militaryaspects of the ESDP with thereminder that four years ago theEuropean security and defence policydid not exist outside its Brusselsstructures. Since then, the Union canclaim to its credit nearly twentyoperations and missions which it hasled or launched throughout theworld. This has been accomplishedwith the Union's partners, inparticular with the UN and NATO,with which close dialogue remainsessential.

But European defence is a reality,which must be nurtured if it is todevelop its full potential; that potentialmust be adapted to the securitychallenges of tomorrow's world.

Like William Shakespeare, I believethat "what's past is prologue". n

Notes1 Concordia, Artemis, Althea and EUFOR RD Congo.2 Operations Centre = 89 persons ; OHQ = from 150to 200 persons; SHAPE = 1000 persons.

8

wConstructive andmutually supportivedialogue betweencivilian and militaryplayers is key

IN A NUTSHELL

The EUMC and its Chairman

The European Union Military Committee (EUMC) is the highest militarybody set up within the Council. It is composed of the Chiefs of Defence of theMember States, who are represented by their permanent military representativesin Brussels.

The EUMC provides the Political and Security Committee of the EU Council withadvice and recommendations on all military matters within the EU.

The EUMC has a permanent Chairman. He is a Four-star flag officer onappointment, preferably a former Chief of Defence of an EU Member State. He isselected by the CHODS of the Member States and appointed by the Council. Histerm of office is in principle three years.

As the Chairman he is the spokesman of the EUMC, participates in the PSC asappropriate and attends Council meetings when decisions with defence implicationsare to be taken. He performs the function of military adviser to the SG/HR on allmilitary matters, in particular, to ensure consistency within the EU crisis managementstructure.

GLOBAL MEMO

EU Missions and Operations

CIVILIAN MISSIONS MILITARY MISSIONS

Missions /EUROPE AFRICA MIDDLE-EAST ASIAOperations

Military

Civilian

CONCORDIAFormer Yugoslav Republicof Macedonia (FYROM)March-December 2003

EUFOR ALTHEABosnia i Herzegovina(Took over from SFOR)December 2004

EUPOL Proxima(FYROM)December 2003 to December2005

EUPAT(FYROM)Followed EUPOL ProximaDecember 2005-June 2006

EUPM(EU Police MissionBosnia i HerzegovinaJanuary 2003

EUJUST ThemisGeorgiaJuly 2004-July 2005

ARTEMISIturi province (Congo RDC)June-September 2003

AMIS II Support(EU Support to the AfricanUnion Mission in Sudan)Darfur province (Sudan)

EUFOR RD CongoCongo RDCJuly - Nov 2006

EUSEC RD CongoCongo RDCJune 2005-July 2007

EUPOL KinshasaCongo RDCApril 2005

The EU has undertaken 16 missions andoperations since the ESDP became operational in2003.

The distinction between military and civilianoperations is in many cases rather artificial. Manycivilian missions require military support andmilitary missions are often followed by civilianmissions.

The EU is unique in its capability to combine andco-ordinate both civilian and military instruments injoint and comprehensive response.

"Last year, the European Union conducted 10operations with around 10 000 men and womenserving in them. The global reach and the scope ofthese different operations is striking. […] And theirimpact is significant. From Aceh to Rafah, and fromKinshasa to Sarajevo, the EU is providing the "keyenablers" for peace and stability."

Javier Solana, EU High Representative for theCommon Foreign and Security Policy,Berlin, 29 January 2007

Note. Missions/Operations in bold are ongoing/planned. Missions/Operations in italics are completed

Under Preparation(Civilian Missions)

EUPT(EU Planning Team)Kosovo - May 2006

EUPOLAfghanistan

EUPOL-COPPS(EU Police Mission in thePalestinian Territories)1 Jan 2006

EUJUST LEXIraqFeb 2005 - Dec 2007

EUBAM Rafah(EU Border AssistanceMission)Palestinian TerritoriesNov 2005 - May 2007

AMM(Aceh Monitoring Mission)Aceh province(Indonesia)Sept 2005 - Dec 2006

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CIVILIAN MISSIONS MILITARY MISSIONS

D E F E N C E A N D S E C U R I T Y

EUROPE

Kosovo

EUPT KOSOVO

Type: Mission under planning process.Crisis management, Rule of Law.

Objective: The EU Planning Team is preparing for a possiblecrisis management operation in the broader fieldof Rule of Law in the context of a future Kosovostatus settlement.

Commitment: 40 international personnel structured in 4 teams:Head of EUPT Kosovo, Police, Justice andAdministration. The headquarters is located inPristina. The financial reference amountsintended to cover the expenditure are €3 million(10 April 2006-31 December 2006) and €10.5million (1 January 2007 to 31 May 2007).

Mandate: The Planning Team has been operational sinceMay 2006, with an initial mandate to the 31st

December 2006, which has now been extended till the 31st of May 2007.

Senior Officer: Casper Klynge (DK) is Head of the EU PlanningTeam (preparing for the future ESDP mission).

Bosnia

EUFOR ALTHEAType: Military EU-led operation.

The largest operation launched by the EU, todate.

Objective: Ensure compliance with the 1995 DaytonPeace Agreement. Contribute to the safe andsecure environment in BiH.

Mandate: In December 2004, ALTHEA took over fromSFOR, a NATO-led mission.

Commitment: Following EUFOR's progressivereconfiguration, some 2,600 troops from 34countries including 24 Member States.

The security situation in BiH has evolvedenough to permit the EU to decide on atransition of operation ALTHEA. The EU willreduce EUFOR's size but keep an appropriaterobust military presence as part of its overallengagement in BiH, contributing to themaintenance of the safe and secureenvironment. EUFOR will reconfigureprogressively, but will also maintain thecapacity to reverse the effects of the forcereduction for an initial period of 6 monthsand to re-establish a more robust militarypresence if needed.

Under the transition plan, in 2007 the EUforce (EUFOR) will retain around 2,500 troopsin BiH, able to respond should the securitysituation require it.

Command: General John Reith (UK), NATO DeputySupreme Allied Commander Europe(DSACEUR) is the EU Operation Commander.Rear Admiral Hans-Jochen Witthauer (GE)is the EU Force Commander.

Bosnia

EUPMType: Police mission.

Objective: Support the reform andmodernization of police forces.Provide assistance in the fightagainst organized crime andcorruption.

Mandate: Initiated in January 2003. EUPM Iextended into EUPM II from 01January 2006 to 31 December2007 with a refocused mandateon the above mentionedobjectives. No executive mandatenor operational duty.

Commitment: 172 international officers andcontracted staff from 32 countries(25 EU and 7 non -EU).

Senior Officer: Christian Schwarz-Schilling(GE) is the EUSR in BiH.Brigadier-General VincenzoCoppola (IT) is Head of Mission.

Rule of Law: EUPT Kosovo is a new mission under planning process. (Photo Chris Hondros)

GLOBAL MEMO

10

CIVILIAN MISSIONS MILITARY MISSIONS

GLOBAL MEMO

AFRICADarfur (Sudan)

EU Support to AMIS II

Type: Civilian-military supporting action.

Objective: Support to the African Union’s effort to bring stability to theDarfur. The EU provides logistics, training (military and civilianforces) and troops airlift.

Commitment: 29 EU police officers, 17 EU operational and logistic planners,2 military observers (Ceasefire commissioners). <€242 millionhave been pledged by the EU’s African Peace Facility. Bilateralcontributions to AMIS amount to approximately <€163 million(figure based on information from MSs, from July 2006.) Ofthese, some 145 million were granted by two MSs. MSs'bilateral contributions are in excess of <€30 millions. SeveralMSs have supported through contributions in kind, providingtransport for African troops, etc.

Mandate: Request of the African Union. The EU Joint Action was adoptedon 18 July 05. Launched in January 2004.

Senior Officer: Pekka Haavisto (FN) is the EUSR for Sudan. Vice Chairman of the Ceasefire Commission is BGen Jean-Gilles Sintes (FR)Head of Police Team is Åke Roghe (S).

Democratic Republic of Congo

EUSEC DR Congo

Type: Support mission. in the field ofSecurity Sector Reform.

Objective: Provide advice and assistance forthe reform of the security sector.Assistance to the successfulintegration of former rebels in theCongolese army. Special programmeto improve the chain of payment ofthe new Brigades. Focus onrestructuring and redeveloping ofthe armed forces.

Commitment: Initially a dozen military experts,augmented by approximately 35 military and civilian experts inparticular in the financial field.

Mandate: Launched in June 2005, extendeduntil 01 July 2007

Commander: Roeland van de Geer (NL) is the EUSpecial Representative for theAfrican Great Lakes Region.General Pierre Michel Joana (FR)leads the mission.

Democratic Republic of Congo

EUPOL Kinshasa

Type: Police mission and security sector reform.

Objective: Provide assistance and guidance to the CongoleseIntegrated Police Unit (IPU), in support of the transitionprocess in DRC. The IPU is fully operational since March2005.

Commitment: 25 police officers and 5 civilian staff, augmented by 29 extrapolice officers from 30 June to 30 Nov 2006. 7 EU Memberstates and 5 Third States contribute personnel.

Mandate: Officially launched in April 2005 and extended until 30 June2007.

Commander: Roeland van de Geer (NL) is the EU Special Representativefor the African Great Lakes Region.Superintendent Aldo Custodio (PT) leads the mission.

Civilian-military operation: Support toAfrican Union In Darfur (Sudan). (Photo UNHCR/K.McKinsey)

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CIVILIAN MISSIONS MILITARY MISSIONS

GLOBAL MEMO

MIDDLE-EAST/ASIA

Afghanistan

EUPOL Afghanistan

Type: Planning process to be initiated. Police Mission withlinks into wider Rule of Law.

Objectives: Support to government of Afghanistan in reforming thepolice system of the country at central, regional andprovincial level. European Commission will offer support inreforming the justice sector with improving therecruitment process and establishing new standards and acode of ethics.

Commitment: Currently, Germany has bilateral lead for police training withjust 40 experts dealing with training, mentoring and equipmentprojects. US also has substantial engagement in training andequipping police. Italy has lead on reform of the judicialsystem. Some 160 European police officers will be deployed.The estimated cost for the ESDP police mission is €40 millionin 2007.

Mandate: Political agreement in principle by the General Affairs andExternal Relations Council on 12 February 2007. Legalbasis with a Council Joint Action will follow. Mission couldbe launched in June 2007.

Senior Officer: Francesc Vendrell (SP) is the EUSR for Afghanistan Head of Mission is to be designated.

Palestinian Territories

EUPOL-COPPS

Type: Police mission. Capacity-Building.

Objectives: Provide support to the Palestinian Authority in establishingsustainable and effective policing arrangements. Co-ordinate and facilitate EU Member State assistance, and - where requested - international assistance. Advise onpolice-related Criminal Justice elements.

Commitments: Approximately 13 unarmed personnel mainly secondedfrom EU Member States and invited nations. The referencebudget intended to cover the expenditure until the end of2006 will be >€6.1 million (common costs).

Mandate: Began on 1 January 2006 for an initial duration of 3 years.

Senior Officer: Marc Otte (BE) is the EUSR for the Middle East PeaceProcess. Colin Smith (UK) is the Head of Mission.

Iraq

EUJUST LEX

Type: Integrated Rule of Law Mission.

Objective: Provide assistance to politicaltransition. Strengthen the IraqiCriminal Justice System (CJS)through providing training for highand mid-level officials in seniormanagement and criminalinvestigation. The aim is to improvethe capacity, coordination andcollaboration of the differentcomponents of the Iraqi CJS.

Commitments: <€10 million from the EU budgetfor the first year.

Mandate: Launched in February 2005.Operational by 1 July 2005 for aninitial period of 12 months and nowextended to 31 Dec 2007.

Senior Officer: Stephen White (UK) is Head ofmission.

Palestinian Territories

EU BAM RAFAH

Type: Border Control Assistancemission. Monitoring.

Objective: Provide border assistance at theRafah Crossing Point at the Gaza-Egypt border, in order to supportthe "Agreement on Movement andAccess" reached between Israeland the Palestinian Authority (PA).

Commitments: Approximately 70 personnel mainlyseconded from EU Member States.

Mandate: Operational phase of EU BAM Rafahwas launched on 25 November2005 with duration of 12 months.May be extended with an additionalyear after 24 May 2007

Senior Officer: Marc Otte (BE) is the EUSR for theMiddle East Peace Process. Major-General Pietro Pistolese(IT) is Head of Mission.

Rule of Law Mission: EUJUST LEX in Iraq.

12

13

MISSION BUILDING

By Karin Limdal,Political Officer/Public Information Officer of the European Union PlanningTeam for Kosovo

The International communityand the European Union areplaying important roles in the

status process, and are preparing toplay an important role also in post-status Kosovo.

The International community’s andEU’s future role in Kosovo are closely attached to the post-statusarrangements where UNMIK willtransfer its authority of Kosovo overto the Kosovo authorities. On theground the future presence is beingprepared by two preparation teams:

- The ICO-EUSR (InternationalCivilian Office) preparationTeam represents the internationalcommunity and EU. Its major rolewill be to safeguard that theprovisions set up in the statussettlement is fulfilled. This Team islead by Torbjorn Sohlstrom,SG/HR Mr. Javier Solana’s, PersonalRepresentative in Kosovo.

- The European Union PlanningTeam (known as EUPT Kosovo),preparing a future civilian ESDPmission in the broader rule of lawarea (Police, Justice, Border and

Customs officials). Casper Klynge isHead of the EUPT.

ObjectivesThe purpose of the EUPT is to

support the implementation of thestatus for Kosovo settlement:

• to plan for a future ESDP missionwhich will support the Kosovoauthorities by monitoring,mentoring and advising on all areas related to the rule of law, in particular in the Judiciary, police, border andcustoms service;

• to prepare for afuture ESDP missionwhich will ensure, in closecooperation with the Kosovoauthorities or independently, thatserious and sensitive crimes areproperly investigated, prosecuted andthat any outcome of these proceduresis thereafter properly enforced;

• to plan for a future ESDP missionwith some clearly defined executivepowers in order to ensure theimplementation of the abovementioned purposes. Theseexecutive powers will be limited andcarried out by the ESDP missionunder the direction of the EUSR.

The basic philosophy is that Kosovoauthorities should be responsible formanaging Kosovo and are thereforethe prime responsible parties for therule of law system in Kosovo. TheESDP Mission should assist Kosovoauthorities in their progress towardssustainability and accountability and infurther developing and strengtheningan independent Judiciary, police,border and customs service, ensuringthat these institutions are free from

political interference and in accordancewith internationally recognizedstandards and European best practices.

Next StepsThe ESDP mission will become

operational on the 121st day of thetransfer period, which starts upimmediately after a new UNSCresolution on Kosovo, replacing theformer 1244 one, is in place. On thevery same day UNMIK will cease toexist after handing over theadministration of Kosovo to the

Kosovo authorities.

The ESDP mission inKosovo will be the biggestcivilian EU mission to date.

It will in all likelihood deploy around1800 police, judges, prosecutors,border and Customs officials from EUMember States as well as from invitedthird party states.

The mandate of the ESDP missionwill be terminated when the Kosovoauthorities have implemented theterms of the Status Settlement anddeveloped and gained enoughexperience to guarantee that allmembers of society benefit from theRule of Law. n

Building the Future. The priority ismaking Kosovo’s European perspective areality (Photo World Bank, Podujeve)

The Future ESDP-mission in KosovoBALKANS

wThe EU is planningits biggest civilianmission to date

PROFILE

Karin Limdal(Sweden) isworking as aP o l i t i c a lOfficer/PublicI n f o r m a t i o n

Officer for the European UnionPlanning Team for Kosovo (EUPT).Previous to joining the EUPT sheworked for the Aceh MonitoringMission (AMM) as well as for theTemporary International Presencein the city of Hebron (TIPH).

14

CRISIS MANAGEMENT

Lieutenant-Colonel Ronald Dorenbos, EUMS

The African Union Mission inSudan (AMIS) started in 2004as a result of the signing of

Humanitarian Cease Fire Agreement(HCFA). AMIS role was to monitorthe observance of the cease fire bythe Parties to the HCFA. EU MemberStates have provided bilateralsupport to AMIS from the start of itsmission, contributing, inter alia,military planning experts to assistthe African Union (AU) in thedevelopment of plans and, at therequest of the rebel forces, EUMilitary Observers. AMIS has beenenlarged twice since 2004 and thecurrent strength is around 7700,1300 of which are military observers.

Commitment

In the spirit of the strategicpartnership between the EU and theAU, the support to AMIS by EUMember States became an EUsupporting action with the adoptionof a Council Joint Action in July2005. Around 45 EU military andpolice personnel are currentlydeployed under direct operational

command of the AU. On the militaryside, the EU has been allotted 44military positions at the level of theDarfur Integrated Task Force (DITF) inAddis Ababa, the Mission HQ inKhartoum, the Forward HQ in ElFasher (Darfur) andMilObs in the AMISSectors.

An EU SpecialRepresentative forthe Sudan - Mr. Pekka Haavisto -was also appointed in July 2005. TheEUSR is supported by a small team inAddis Ababa which includes aMilitary Advisor (MA/EUSR) and aPolice Advisor. Finally, under theterms of the HCFA, the EU hasprovided the Vice Chairman of theCease Fire Commission. The key EUmilitary officers involved with AMISare the Vice Chairman of the CeaseFire Commission (BGen Jean-GillesSintes, FR) and the MA/EUSR (ColFrancois Amelineau, FR).

In addition to providing planningand other expert personnel, the EUMember States have providedstrategic airlift (on several occasions)

to transport AU military and policepersonnel, including the rotations ofthe Senegalese battalion and theGambian HQ company, and severalsmaller contingents over the past2 years. A joint EU/NATO cell has

been established inAddis Ababa tocoordinate airlift fromEU and NATOmembers respectively.The European Airlift

Centre based in Eindhovenrepresents the EU in this cell. Othermaterial support has been providedby EU Member States such as 4x4vehicles, generators, CIS equipmentand rations.

Finally, the European DevelopmentFund has provided €242 million fromthe African Peace Facility (APF) toAMIS in addition to bilateral donationsfrom several Member States.

Coordination

In order to provide day to daymanagement and guidance to theMA/EUSR, VC CFC and the PoliceAdvisor/Head of the Police Team, aco-ordination body has beenestablished in Brussels. This BrusselsJoint Co-ordination Team (BJCT) is ledby BGen Brauss and is comprised ofrepresentatives from the variousCouncil General Secretariat bodies,as well as the Commission.

While the AU is responsible for thesafety and well-being of EUpersonnel, the EU has also madeconsiderable efforts to improve theirsafety and living conditions. The EUhas provided satellite telephones toeach military officer. The EU hasprovided computer equipment andmodems to all personnel, enablingthem to exchange emails and otherThe conflict in Darfur has been raging since 2003. (Photo Scott Nelson)

Supporting the Peace EffortAFRICA

wThe only way ahead forDarfur is a strong UNsupport to AMIS.

15

D E F E N C E A N D S E C U R I T YCRISIS MANAGEMENT

information. Nevertheless, for EUpersonnel in Darfur, the livingconditions are not luxurious. Thefacilities for military personnel arefunded out of the so-called ATHENAmechanism, the facilities for EUCIVPOL personnel (including theirper diems) are funded out of theCFSP budget.

EU personnel are assisting the AU inthe daily conduct of the operation aswell as planning for the future. ManyEU officers are working in the logisticsbranches of AMIS as the support ofthe mission (fuel, food etc) is theAchilles heel of the operation andtheir expertise in this area is invaluableto AMIS. Others work, inter alia, asLegal Advisors, in the Personneldepartments, the Communicationsdepartments and as Aviation experts.Many EU officers havereported that theyfind their work withinthe AU an interestingexperience andfrequently rewarding,nevertheless it is a challenge toovercome organisational and culturaldifferences and therefore get one'sbest professional advice accepted.The experiences of EU personnel arerecorded at the end of their tour andtheir reports are distributed forinformation to the EU MilitaryCommittee. The EU Military Staff alsohosts a Lessons Learned workshoptwice a year in order to learn from theexperiences of deployed personneland improve EU support to themwhere possible. To the present date,more than 100 EU military officershave served in support of AMIS. EUpersonnel are recognised for theirduties in support of AMIS both bythe AU (by being awarded the AUmedal) and by the EU by beingawarded the ESDP medal.

Resources

The most immediate problem forAMIS is lack of funds. The APF iscurrently depleted and AMIS is

surviving at present on bilateralcontributions from internationalpartners including some EU MemberStates. The operating costs for AMISare currently some USD 23 million

per month.

A political solution tothe conflict is urgentlyrequired; otherwisethere will be no peace

to keep. The deployment of the AMIStroops has clearly achieved asignificant reduction in the number ofdeaths and other violence in Darfur,but its continuing effectiveness andefficiency is limited by lack of funds,capabilities and experience. Theinternational community agrees thatthe only way ahead for Darfur is forthe UN to be more closely involved inthe AMIS mission, providing inparticular, logistic support andfinance. An arrangement has beenagreed upon between the AU andthe UN, in which the UN will initiallysupport AMIS and at a later stage runa Hybrid Operation in Darfur togetherwith the AU. Still many difficultieshowever need to be overcome beforeeffective UN support in Darfur is inplace.

The first phase of the UN supportto AMIS (the "Light SupportPackage") is being implemented rightnow. It consists of 186 UN experts toaugment AMIS' structures, pluslimited material support. The next

phase is the "Heavy SupportPackage". This package will deliveradditional medical facilities, 3engineering companies, a transportcompany, a signals company,comprising a total of 2,250 militaryenablers; and some aviation assets,and 300 police advisors. The thirdphase is the UN/AU Hybrid Mission,the strength of which is nowanticipated to reach some 20,000troops, as well as some 3,800 policeofficers. The Hybrid Operation isexpected to be financed by the UN.EU personnel are working closelywith UN and AU officers as the UNsupport rolls out. n

About 2.5 million people are affected by the endemic crisis in Darfur. (Photo Scott Nelson)

wThe most immediateproblem for AMIS is the lack of funds

PROFILE

Lt Col RonaldD o r e n b o sjoined theEUMS in

October 2004 and has been involvedin Op ALTHEA and the EU SupportingAction to AMIS. He is by training anair defence officer in the RoyalNetherlands Air Force, having servedwith various air defence missileunits whilst being stationed inGermany. Prior to being posted tothe EUMS, he served in the NLDefence Operations Centre as thedesk officer for the Dutch missionsin Bosnia, FYROM, Turkey and Iraq.

16

PERSPECTIVES

Dr. Franziska Hagedorn, from the CivMil Cell of the EUMSis back from Kabul. She answers questions on the mission building process.

Q: The EU is considering an ESDP mission inAfghanistan. Where are we now in the missionbuilding process?

Franziska Hagedorn: On 12February, Ministers approved theCrisis Management Concept. Thisamounts to a political decision inprinciple to plan for a civilian ESDPmission in the field of policing with linkages to the widerrule of law. A Concept of Operations, specifying themandate and strategic objectives of the mission is currentlybeing considered by Member States. The legal basis for theoperation and the Operational Plan are the next steps inthe planning process. Envisaged launching date is 15 June.

Q: When was this new mission initiated and whatis the reference mandate?

Franziska Hagedorn: Themission's task will be to support thereform process towards a policeservice trusted by the citizens, workingwithin the framework of the rule oflaw and respecting human rights. It

will significantly contribute to the establishment by theGovernment of Afghanistan of sustainable and effectivecivilian policing arrangements that will ensure appropriateinteraction with the wider criminal justice system inaccordance with international standards.

Q: What are the core objectives of this comingmission?

Franziska Hagedorn: Four strategic objectives arebeing envisaged. The first objective is to place an emphasison strategy development and work towards a joint overallstrategy of the international community in police reform,taking into account the Afghanistan Compact and the i-ANDS. The second objective is to support the Governmentof Afghanistan in coherently implementing strategy. Thethird one is to improve cohesion and coordination amonginternational actors. The last objective is to address linkagesto the wider rule of law.

These objectives will be achieved through, amongstother means, monitoring, mentoring, advising and training.The mission will have a non-executive mandate. The missionwill also coordinate, facilitate and provide advice on projects

Afghan authorities face the challenges of forging national unityalong with a Democracy-building process.

EU in Afghanistan:A Support to Nation Building

A Concept of Operations is currently being considered

by Member States.“

EU in Afghanistan:A Support to Nation Building

”

17

D E F E N C E A N D S E C U R I T YPERSPECTIVES

implemented by Member States and Third Statesunder their responsibility.

Q: Afghanistan is still a dangerous placewith the characteristics of a failed state. Howare those parameters integrated in the missionplanning?

Franziska Hagedorn: Utmost care will be takento ensure the security of personnel in the mission'sarea of engagement. This concerns both personnelplaced in Kabul as well as those deployedthroughout the country. Where appropriate, themission is working with the ISAF (NATO ISAF force)and the PRT (Provincial Reconstruction Teams) leadnations in order to come to suitable arrangements.

Q: How will the EU manage thismission and what will be the areasof cooperation with the existingISAF Force?

Franziska Hagedorn: The mission will cooperate withISAF and PRT lead nations who are supporting theGovernment of Afghanistan with provision of a safe andsecure environment for reconstruction work.

It is envisaged that police experts continue to be locatedin PRTs. Close cooperation with ISAF/PRT lead nations willbe important in order to ensure that the appropriatearrangements are put in place.

Q: Could you tell us about the EU commitment tothis mission (contributing countries, budget, and staff)?

Franziska Hagedorn: The mission will have around 160police experts placed in Kabul, regions and provinces. EUMember States and a number of third states are going tocontribute personnel. Other elements will be decided oncethe Council has taken the decision.

Q: Who will be in charge at the EUMS?

Franziska Hagedorn: EUPOL AFGHANISTAN is a civilianESDP mission directed by the civilian crisis managementdirectorate. The EUMS has supported the planning of thisprocess with its expertise, particularly with regard tocontacts with NATO and provided expertise on technicallevel (medical, logistics, CIS) - and will continue to do so.

Q: From your perspective, what are the mainpriorities to focus on?

Franziska Hagedorn: The Afghan National Policeneeds to be seen as a police force trusted by the citizens.For this, it is necessary to support the Government ofAfghanistan in developing and implementing one overall,

coherent strategy for police reform in Afghanistan. Areasof particular emphasis should be tofurther strengthen Afghan educationand training capacity in the ANP,criminal investigation capacities andassisting in the development of an

effective border-management system.

Q: What are the expectations of the Afghanauthorities regarding the EU involvement?

Franziska Hagedorn: The Afghan authorities have aclear sense of ownership of the police reform process.What they expect from the international community andthe EU is continued international support to developing theirown capacities.

Q: Does the EU have a new ambition for the futureof Afghanistan?

Franziska Hagedorn: The EU and the Government ofAfghanistan together have declared their commitment to asecure, stable, free, prosperous and democratic Afghanistanas laid out in the Afghan Constitution. The ESDP missioncomplements the existing EU commitment to support theGovernment of Afghanistan in its reform efforts.

Q: You have been in Afghanistan recently. Could youtell about this personal experience? What feelings doyou bring from this country?

Franziska Hagedorn: Afghanistan grips you. I foundit to be a place of extremes. Bold and stunning beauty andfriendly and very smart people. But also a place people arewilling to get into a fierce strife for. If you watch a buzkashigame, you'll know what I mean…

Q: Are you going back to Kabul anytime soon?

Franziska Hagedorn: I very much hope so. n

The mission's task will be tosupport the reform process.

EUPOL will significantly contribute to the establishment of sustainable andeffective civilian policing arrangements.

“ ”

18

TEAM WORKING

Civilians from "Kortenbergh" tell about their experiences

Most people within the Council are becoming more and more aware of the European Union Military Staffand their role as a fundamental element underpinning ESDP. They are highly visible in their uniforms, makingtheir way to and from meetings in Justus Lipsius. However, not so many people are familiar with the rolesof what some may see as the "unsung heroes" (and heroines): the civilian staff working along with andamong the military officers in "the Kortenbergh", “KO” in Eurojargon.

What is it like to be a civilian working in this military environment? Is it strange, dealing with militarycustoms and modi operandi? Is the "Kortenbergh" really a place apart?

Telling about their experiences, they may surprise you!

Siw Gustafsson comes fromBolmen, Småland, in Sweden. Beforearriving in the Council, she hadworked in France, Sweden, andAustralia. Working in DG E II(Development) with specificresponsibility for Africa, theCaribbean and the Pacific (ACP)regions, she continued to travel,going on missions to South Africa,Senegal, Benin and Thailand, amongother countries. After an internalcompetition, she was asked to cometo the EUMS and accepted.

"As the Administrative assistant, Iwork as a link between the EUMSand DG A (Administration). It's notlike what people might think… it'scertainly not a case of officers givingorders all the time. In fact, since it'smy job to make sure that everyoneabides by the Council regulations, Ifind the military very good atfollowing my orders!!"

Magdalena (Magda) Zagorskastarted working in EUMS in June2006. From Elblag, a small town nearGdansk in Poland, Magda previouslyworked in the public relations andmarketing areas of the Polish/German Chamber of Commerce inWarsaw. She is now in the ExecutiveOffice (EXO) in the EUMS.

"This is very good for me," she says,"because as a relative newcomer itgives me an overview of all that goeson in the EUMS." Did EUMS meet herexpectations? "To be honest, I was abit apprehensive about working withthe military; but in fact they are not atall formal and I felt immediately part ofa friendly team. I am looking forwardto working here for several years yet!"

Helga Kafiotis is a native ofBrussels, although her parents areDutch and German. Consequentlyshe speaks Dutch and German aswell as English, French, and someGreek and Italian. This has helped herin her work of more than 30 years inthe Council, where she was in theDutch pool, the central archives, andPublications, as well as being avisitors' guide, before coming to theEUMS in 2002 as an assistant.

“I like the environment here…peopleare very polite, especially the militarystaff. In fact, I think we are a bit spoiledhere, because the military treat theirassistants very well. Also, I likeworking as part of a team, and theteam spirit is very evident here, aslong as we all respect what I call the4 R's: Rights, Rules, Respect andResponsibility." Helga likes being keptbusy, and says that the time flies."When I retire," she says, I hope towork somewhere in the charity area,helping others."

The "KO": a Place Apart?

It's not like what people might think“ ”

People are very polite“ ”Siw Gustafsson

Helga Kafiotis

I felt immediately part of a friendly team“ ”Magdalena (Magda) Zagorska

19

TEAM WORKING

Julie Bloom is a native of Hull inEngland. She has been in the Councilsince 1989 and came to work in theEUMS in Jan 2004. She has workedfor more or less a year in each ofthree divisions: Logistics/Resources,CIS (Communications andInformation Systems) and presentlyas assistant to the Chief of Staff,Rear Admiral Van der Burg and sohas a good general idea of the workin the EUMS.

"The EUMS is a totally unique part ofthe Council and I find the workvaried, interesting and challenging.The continual rotation of the militarypersonnel means opportunities towork with different nationalities andbranches of the services. I haveprevious experience working inNATO and in US military bases, so Isuppose I knew more or less what toexpect when I arrived at the KObuilding and to me it felt like cominghome! The military officers areextremely pleasant to work for asthey have a good sense of humour,they are polite and gentlemanly, andgive clear direction as to what isexpected of you workwise. There isalso a social side to working at theKO with regular "Meet and Greets",sports and other annual events andthe general camaraderie all add tothe overall ambience."

Adam Gutkind a native of Wroclawin Poland, joined EUMS in April2005, having previously worked forGerman Parliamentarians in Berlin,and studied at University there.

"I came straight into the EUMS oncoming to the Council," he says. "I work in administration, and it isvery interesting even exotic, to workin this environment and to be part ofESDP as it develops."

The general feeling of EUMSCivilian Staff is that working with themilitary is a rewarding and positivelearning experience. All of them arededicated people working away fromtheir home countries and this createsa sort of family atmosphere about theplace. As one person (who asked notto be named) said, unlike in the restof the Council, if you do happen toget a "bad" boss, then don't worrybecause you know in three or fouryears they will be gone! n

It is very interestingeven exotic“The general camaraderie

adds to the overall ambience

“

Some of the civilian staff working in EUMS. From left to right:Helga Kafiotis (Belgium), Christine Delgado (France), Magda Zagorska (Poland), TheadoraBenavidou (Greece), Julie Bloom (UK), Petra Eclerová (Czech Rep.), Manca Turk (Slovenia),Adam Gutkind (Poland) Maija Kaaro (Finland), Siw Gustafsson (Sweden), Maria Malmberg(Sweden), Tiziana Manzoni (Italy), Ingrid De Glas (Belgium).

” ”Adam GutkindJulie Bloom

Contents2 Taking Charge

A New DG at the EUMSLt. General David Leakey,Director General of the EUMS

5 Focus Ready for ActivationThe new EU Operations Centre

6 "What's Past is Prologue"A Review of the Military Aspects of the ESDPGénéral Henri Bentégeat,Chairman of the EU Military Committee

9 Global MemoEU Missions and Operations

13 Planning for KosovoKarin Limdal

14 Supporting the Peace EffortLt. Col. Ronald Dorenbos, EUMS

16 EU in Afghanistan:a Support to Nation BuildingDr. Franziska Hagedorn, EUMS

18 The “KO”: a Place Apart?Views from the EUMS Civilian Staff

20 In Brief

IN BRIEF

Contact: Lt. Col. John DurninPR/PI Officer, EUMSTel: +32-2-281-5242Fax: +32-2-282-5793

Visitors Address:Av. De Cortenbergh 150B-1040 BrusselsBelgium

Postal Address:Rue de la Loi 175B-1048 BrusselsBelgium

Impetus is a Newsletter published by the EU Military Staff

E-mail : eums.info@consilium.europa.euhttp://www.consilium.europa/eums

All rights reserved.Edition/Creation EuroFuture

The ceremony in the newly redesigned courtyard of the EU Council Building.

Back: HR/SG Javier Solana with GeneralHenri Bentégeat, Chairman of the EUMilitary Committee (behind). Front: LtGeneral Jean-Paul Perruche (left) and LtGeneral David Leakey (right).

Handover Ceremony at the EUMS

Style and Glamour

A Military Parade and ceremony tookplace in the Courtyard of the EUCouncil building, Justus Lipsius,Brussels, on Wednesday 28 February2007. Nearly 200 personnel, militaryand civilian, participated in the paradeat which the Secretary-General/HighRepresentative, Javier Solana,welcomed Lt General DavidLeakey (UK) as Director-General ofthe EUMS from 1 March 2007. He has succeeded Lt. General Jean-Paul Perruche (France) who served as Director-General of the EUMSfrom 1 March 2004 for a period ofthree years.

The pre-Christmas Dinner is an event where EUMS personnel (and their partners) get to show their style. The dinnerin 2006 was held on 9th November at the Club Albert, Brussels. About 120 guests attended.