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County-to-County Worker Flow Map County-to-County Worker Flow Map Journeys To and From Hampden MA Journeys To and From Hampden MA

County-to-County Worker Flow Map Journeys To and From Hampden MA

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Page 1: County-to-County Worker Flow Map Journeys To and From Hampden MA

County-to-County Worker Flow MapCounty-to-County Worker Flow MapJourneys To and From Hampden MAJourneys To and From Hampden MA

Page 2: County-to-County Worker Flow Map Journeys To and From Hampden MA

County Sub-DivisionsCounty Sub-Divisions

Page 3: County-to-County Worker Flow Map Journeys To and From Hampden MA
Page 4: County-to-County Worker Flow Map Journeys To and From Hampden MA
Page 5: County-to-County Worker Flow Map Journeys To and From Hampden MA

Journeys To and From HAMPDEN MA Journeys To and From HAMPDEN MA (Threshold = 50)(Threshold = 50)

County #County #

County ACounty A StateState County BCounty BJourneys Journeys from A to from A to BB

Journeys Journeys from A to from A to B % of B % of TotalTotal

Journeys Journeys from B to from B to AA

Journeys Journeys from B to from B to A %of A %of TotalTotal

33HARTFORHARTFORD CTD CT CTCT

HAMPDEN HAMPDEN MAMA 4,0534,053 2.05%2.05% 17,43517,435 8.67%8.67%

1313TOLLAND TOLLAND CTCT CTCT

HAMPDEN HAMPDEN MAMA 1,0881,088 0.55%0.55% 1,2141,214 0.60%0.60%

1313HAMPDEN HAMPDEN MAMA MAMA

HAMPDEN HAMPDEN MAMA 165,418165,418 83.54%83.54% 165,418165,418 82.23%82.23%

1515HAMPSHIRHAMPSHIRE MAE MA MAMA

HAMPDEN HAMPDEN MAMA 21,24221,242 10.73%10.73% 9,2929,292 4.62%4.62%

2727WORCESTWORCESTER MAER MA MAMA

HAMPDEN HAMPDEN MAMA 2,1772,177 1.10%1.10% 3,3853,385 1.68%1.68%

1111FRANKLIN FRANKLIN MAMA MAMA

HAMPDEN HAMPDEN MAMA 1,9591,959 0.99%0.99% 876876 0.44%0.44%

33BERKSHIRBERKSHIRE MAE MA MAMA

HAMPDEN HAMPDEN MAMA 829829 0.42%0.42% 909909 0.45%0.45%

1717MIDDLESEMIDDLESEX MAX MA MAMA

HAMPDEN HAMPDEN MAMA 167167 0.08%0.08% 759759 0.38%0.38%

Villanova UniversityDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Page 6: County-to-County Worker Flow Map Journeys To and From Hampden MA

ABSTRACTABSTRACTThe Census Bureau is planning to replace the Census The Census Bureau is planning to replace the Census Long Form that is distributed during the decennial Long Form that is distributed during the decennial census to 1/6 households with the American census to 1/6 households with the American Community Survey, a continuous survey intended to Community Survey, a continuous survey intended to sample the same number of households over a five-sample the same number of households over a five-year period. The USDOT and other agencies are year period. The USDOT and other agencies are concerned that the sampling errors may outweigh the concerned that the sampling errors may outweigh the benefits of more frequent data. By looking at the benefits of more frequent data. By looking at the microdata collected during an ACS “test” in microdata collected during an ACS “test” in Springfield, MA, this project is looking at seasonality Springfield, MA, this project is looking at seasonality and other data issues related to the transportation and other data issues related to the transportation variables.variables.

Acknowledgements:Acknowledgements: This research is funded by Federal Highway Administration (Elaine Murakami, This research is funded by Federal Highway Administration (Elaine Murakami,

Census Transportation Planning Package)Census Transportation Planning Package)

Villanova UniversityDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Page 7: County-to-County Worker Flow Map Journeys To and From Hampden MA

American Community SurveyAmerican Community Survey Replacement of the census long form (CLF)Replacement of the census long form (CLF) CLF reached 17% of households; ACS will try to CLF reached 17% of households; ACS will try to

reach 3% of all HH per yearreach 3% of all HH per yearAnnual release of data for areas over 65,000Annual release of data for areas over 65,000Three year release for areas over 20,000Three year release for areas over 20,000Five year release for other areasFive year release for other areas

Currently, 34 three-year test sitesCurrently, 34 three-year test sitesMail-back survey; no marketing with some phone and in Mail-back survey; no marketing with some phone and in

person follow-up to non-respondentsperson follow-up to non-respondentsConcerns over low response rates from minorities and Concerns over low response rates from minorities and

low incomeslow incomes

Villanova UniversityDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Page 8: County-to-County Worker Flow Map Journeys To and From Hampden MA

Desirable Transportation DataDesirable Transportation DataSimilar to current census long formSimilar to current census long formDirect transportation dataDirect transportation data

Travel time to work and place of workTravel time to work and place of workMeans of transportation to workMeans of transportation to workDeparture time from home for workDeparture time from home for work

Seasonality ConcernsSeasonality Concerns Travel times, mode choices, departure times Travel times, mode choices, departure times

may change by seasonmay change by season Some areas have changing populationsSome areas have changing populations

Villanova UniversityDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Page 9: County-to-County Worker Flow Map Journeys To and From Hampden MA

Continuous AdvantagesContinuous Advantages

Data isn’t twelve years oldData isn’t twelve years oldYou can argue that larger areas (with You can argue that larger areas (with

larger data and planning needs) will get larger data and planning needs) will get acceptable data every year or three years acceptable data every year or three years (still with two-year lag, possibly)(still with two-year lag, possibly)

Seasonal data: capture more bike and Seasonal data: capture more bike and walk trips; capture different times leaving walk trips; capture different times leaving for workfor work

Villanova UniversityDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Page 10: County-to-County Worker Flow Map Journeys To and From Hampden MA

Continuous DisadvantagesContinuous Disadvantages

DISCLOSURE—getting enough data for transportation DISCLOSURE—getting enough data for transportation usesuses

Aggregation of five year dataAggregation of five year data Error may propagate over five yearsError may propagate over five years One planning agency uses 2003-2007 data; another One planning agency uses 2003-2007 data; another

using 2005-2009 data may lead to different baselinesusing 2005-2009 data may lead to different baselines Worries about continuous congressional fundingWorries about continuous congressional funding Unexpected costs per completed interview may lead to Unexpected costs per completed interview may lead to

longer data accumulation periods or only voluntary longer data accumulation periods or only voluntary datadata

Villanova UniversityDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Page 11: County-to-County Worker Flow Map Journeys To and From Hampden MA

Mean Travel Time to Work by Season

19.5

20

20.5

21

21.5

22

D-J-F M-A-M J-J-A S-O-N

Months of the Year

Tra

vel

Tim

e (m

in.)

1999

2000

1999 and 2000 ACS data from 1999 and 2000 ACS data from Springfield, MASpringfield, MA

Villanova UniversityDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Page 12: County-to-County Worker Flow Map Journeys To and From Hampden MA

Rough “Look” at the Data (I)Rough “Look” at the Data (I)

Approximately 14000 people per year (6000 Approximately 14000 people per year (6000 households)—5%households)—5%

50% in Springfield, 50% in Hampden County50% in Springfield, 50% in Hampden County Approximately 6300/6400 work (45%)?Approximately 6300/6400 work (45%)? Journey to work data for 97% of these (some Journey to work data for 97% of these (some

work at home)work at home) Live in 14 census-defined “places”. Work in 114.Live in 14 census-defined “places”. Work in 114.

Villanova UniversityDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Page 13: County-to-County Worker Flow Map Journeys To and From Hampden MA

Rough “Look” at the Data (II)Rough “Look” at the Data (II)

Enough to give us some causes for concernEnough to give us some causes for concern Aggregate all Februarys? Aggregate all “winter”? Is Aggregate all Februarys? Aggregate all “winter”? Is

winter, Dec, Jan, Feb or Jan, Feb, March?winter, Dec, Jan, Feb or Jan, Feb, March? Are year to year differences “real” or caused by sample Are year to year differences “real” or caused by sample

errors? Month to month differences?errors? Month to month differences? Date issues: 27-32% of surveys are initially started 1-3 Date issues: 27-32% of surveys are initially started 1-3

months before they are received and journey to work Qs months before they are received and journey to work Qs are towards the end of the questionnaireare towards the end of the questionnaire

Rough differences in number of observations year to Rough differences in number of observations year to year from the same census tracts year from the same census tracts

Are census-provided “person-weights” helpful?Are census-provided “person-weights” helpful?

Villanova UniversityDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Page 14: County-to-County Worker Flow Map Journeys To and From Hampden MA

““Closer Look” ExampleCloser Look” Example [B[Bus ridersus riders to place “123” (~75% of transit trips)] to place “123” (~75% of transit trips)]

1999: 53 morning peak worker riders (2-8 1999: 53 morning peak worker riders (2-8 observations per month)observations per month)Unweighted and weighted travel time varies from 23-Unweighted and weighted travel time varies from 23-

39 minutes (after deleting obvious outliers)39 minutes (after deleting obvious outliers) 2000: 38 morning peak worker riders (1-8 2000: 38 morning peak worker riders (1-8

observations per month)observations per month)Unweighted travel time varies from 20-38 minsUnweighted travel time varies from 20-38 minsWeighted travel time varies from 17-33Weighted travel time varies from 17-33

No discernable seasonal patterns or year-to-No discernable seasonal patterns or year-to-year comparisonsyear comparisons

Villanova UniversityDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Page 15: County-to-County Worker Flow Map Journeys To and From Hampden MA

ConclusionsConclusions Month to Month differences in some transportation Month to Month differences in some transportation

variablesvariables Sampling differences across geographies and people Sampling differences across geographies and people

suggest by aggregationsuggest by aggregation

FutureFuture Statistical tests: ANOVA, Bonferroni, paired t-tests, etc.Statistical tests: ANOVA, Bonferroni, paired t-tests, etc. Hopefully other researchers are addressing the “how to Hopefully other researchers are addressing the “how to

aggregate ACS data” issuesaggregate ACS data” issues NCHRP study 08-48: NCHRP study 08-48: Using American Community Survey Using American Community Survey

Data for TransportationData for Transportation PlanningPlanning—a guidebook will result—a guidebook will result