Henderson County Sent Almost 2000 Men To Civil War CONFEDERATES NUMBERED P;

Many OiluM" Otn'C Stales !*ii»k<! in

I oral SojI

Hendcr\on count V ettt more

Ult>n ;« *1:■ >»: and HU M into iTVuT

vith the wifcderate f<M*w ami len captru.i;. who were:

Haylu- V. Kiin»'\, formerly on:-ul to Palermo, Sicily, captain

the company ho organized, (tiuwn as Kdr.eyV llrcys, ari l vho was later made a general: 'oseph Jordan, Walter Brysnn. tlallory Henry. John W*. Lane. kV. I*. Lane. \\ K. Slupp. Renja- nin Whitaker. Henry (larren and 'ohn Corn.

Of this iiumlii'i-. only four ot

he officers and less than five lundred men returned after tli< var was over.

No record ha-* evt r lu-cn tiim-

deted of those who went from icve to join the I'nion army, hough there were a large num

•er. prohaM;. almost as many as

OUied the Confederate forces. After |>eac« was restored, many

iten who had served with the | orces of other Southern State-.] ante to Henderson county to

pend the remaining years of heir life, and • »• m»w huriod it; j ts sod.

IENDFRSON (.1 aros >RC.AN|/KD IN !S6I

On May is. |s»;t. j)r |\-,,ks. •astor the Presbyterian church' tfn.tr:

"You know that North Carolina

\i i*V an,l?s,,«'. und th:^ village, IiiTitifi M»n\ i114% i, ami count v an-

Jot backuai d in tin- good work, several companies have been or-

ganized a n .1 the Henderson l,"der command of ('apt

fh'pp. are now en route to Ashe- ule. Of th« ninety men who com

lose the company, only two are

lamed. !"h,- remainder are

ardy. vigorous young mountain- ers. Racer, impetuous, daring; i«u would as soon expect to see

(heir own mountain torreiit.s stay- Mi and driven hack to their tourccs as those mountain hoys eturn defeated and dishonored, rhese youths are the very jewels

th< »ounti y. ? he sons of grev- jig mothers, they are sent forth

|i ?"ar». rh» ii commission baptiz- ed by prayers. Yesterday, a few (f hem wuc assembled at then- Bible i l;i», ami their minister. Pr. Parks of the Presbyterian J hurcti in llendersonville. waiv- ing the customary lesson of in-

Itruction. arose and after a frw

upressive words o| encourage- lent, presented each of them •ith a Rihle given by the female temhers of their class.

"The young women presented le young men with a beautiful ag with I.» blue stars, emblem- tic of the Southern States, rad- iting from the centre forming no large star. On the "reverse de is voi ke din blue and white: To the Henderson fluards. Follow your banner to victory

or death." Prayerfully and tenderly it

as triven formally and gratefal- accepted, and we well know

lat banner will never be forsak- H or dishonored. I "They have gone They left t

ptemoon. It was ;» sad and Sn|.

Inn parting, but our confidence I* them anticipates a bright and i>norahle career, and our faith Ids us hope a speedy and safe rturn." I rhese Henderson Guard later ■came part of Company I. 16th forth «i • > I i ri.-» Yoltint" ■ Officer, named in it

I \V. I», WhiMed. as;;:-.la„t

r-'n. I W M Shipp. captain, commie

loned May ■ lf*H| I \V. It. \V Intaker. promoted in

■ I •' w I .'wif captain, commiss- ioned December 13, IH82. I J. J. Spann. first lieutenant. ■ John W. Mill., first lieuteuanl fniinii sioned .August i

I ^ 1' Miller. vecoi>d liutenant. mi missioned May isrti. p,o-

lot<ii f.i captain S}5th Regiment ■ •ri •. i s»; j. I J. M. Fletcher, second lieuti*n- lit. IT. l» Brittain, second lieuten- lit I J. II. Kimzey. second lieuten-

|»t,. (killed at Manassasi. I L. A. Ward. ■ « »n<l lieutenant, ■vounded ;,r Sev.-n fines and |Iled a' I* redericksburg.

NEARLY ALWAYS MISS

PHILADELPHIA. (UP*—Data tsembled by the Franklin In- itute in connection with an ex-

Ibition disclose only one record-

I instance of a man being1 struck a meteor. The accident oc-

irreit in Indian in 1827.

■RIDES AVOID OLD CHURCH

NORTH WOOD, X II. (UP) —

lie wedding of Ruth Mary Doe d William George Stergios was

|e second solemnized at the rst Baptist church here since

^72, so far as can be learned >m town.

Iritish BABIES JOIN CLUBS

I LONDON. (UP)—The club ^by may ^uon become a feature

British r'amiiv iit«■. There are

Ireadv five baby clubs in the Juntry and others are soon to be irted as part of the "fitness

jmpai^n.

THEY MADE MUSIC IN THE LONG AGO

HENDERSONVILLE BAND OF THE 70's

Omani;:ed in 1ST I. this Hi ndersonville band became an institution of note in tin- social and civic

!irt' of the coniniunity. The band held together for several years. It was trained and directed by Prof. W. H. Xeave of Salisbury. The members from left to riirht in the picture were: \V A.

Smith. A. Ficker. W. B. Justus.'J. M. Waldrop, W. II. Justus, C. C. Jordan. L. P. Taylor. C. ().

Allen. Mitchell (luliick. U. M. lustu •. Dave Stradiey and I. P». Livinyslon. Tiie ooy in the white

dres> ;s ( hai tes trench l'oni<. '.\ho died about two years aj^o. Of the band members, none is livinir

COLONISTS HAD TO LEARN NEW

l»e fount! in usr vet. Th,. "corn cracker" or tnI• mill

was tlu- 'i.'^t primitive method til"

of grinding corn by water power, anil came after the heater or

pound mill. This type of mill was

usually housed in a tall open structure l>uilt of loys. Water was

carried in .1 flume or mill race,

which wa.< a loir.:. not very la lire, leaky trough. Klcvated on a foun- dation or trestle work <>f logs, this ran from -"iiie small stream that picked it^ way through the thicket far hack on a hillside, per- haps fifty or seventy-five yards away.

The tub mill, the first rudimen- tary turbine. was made from a log of large size hollowed out. hut with a portion of the centre left standing to serve as a spindle. The tub was set up so water brought in tile trough would stiikc against it< side, to send it

spinning around. As it rotated the spindle turned also. STONES GROUND SLOWLY

A few puncheons laid loosely for a walkway, and housed under a roof of split boards, the mill wa> ready for grinding any time. The farmer as he started along his way to work in the morning would go by and pour a bushel of main into the hopper set above its stones. Slowly it was fed from

| this into the mill, a few grains at a time, from daylight until the last one had ben reduced to meal—from daylight to dark—or

I even all night. The turning stones

|ground slowly, but with a sure-

ness that dropped a few spoonfuls at a time into the wailing sack,

j When returning dusk brought the owner back on his way home. his

[meal would '»e ready, ground while he was away busy with oili- er work. No man's eye was re-

quired to watch operations of this old mill. These mills were usually built for private use, as their out put was limited, and while they continued to be used in the more

remote communities. improve- ments were made to increase their usef illness.

The Willis wheel, another rough turbine, seems to have been a

product of the more skilled arti- sans among the Dutch colonists

land was not commonh known in

jthe other settlements. An improve

j incut and enlargement of the tub

mill, its wheel also moved hori- zontally. This consisted of two | circles. out- about throe foot lar- ger lit diameter than the othor fitted <ni spokes that radiated from a hul>. and in tho space | formed between the two rim* anil the spokes, metal buckcts were

placed. Water impounded in a l'orcha.v

was carried through a trough fit- ted with a metal bucket or spout. When discharged into the metal i basins of the wheel, itforce caused the wheel to rotate. I'he jri'in«iin«r wiih this mill was much faster ami in *l;uger quantities than was ever possible with the tub mill. THE OVERSHOT WHEEL.

The Willis wheel was shortly succeeded by the picturesque o\ershot wheel, or where the flow <d the water was strong; enough, the undershot. These wheels turn- ed vertically, and differed very little. On one the wheel turned forward, and on the other, which required greater force, it turned backward. \\ ith either, the water was impounded by a dam fitted with a gate which could be raised or lowered, and was then brought in a flume made of hollow logs, or a box-like race built of boards, to the wheel as needed. .Many of those old mills, with their creak- in.ir. moss-covered buckets, are

still in operation on mountain streams.

Whin this large mill became common, grinding was no longer a family affair, but was a com-

munity service. In the large mills, huge stone burrs or mill rocks had to be cut and shaped. One was made to remain stationaiy

land the other was turned by the force of the water, while the corn

<>r other grain was fed in from a hopper. It has been said that some of the early mill stones were

brought from England. Today, we sometimes see these old round stone?. with their carvings, set up ;is sundials or ornaments in gar- dens. or perhaps used for a door-

| step or hearth rock in a house. Many of them weighed more than a t«• n and were patiently cut out

by hand. Millwrights and stone masons were key figures in the setup of the early communities.

I When other grain negan to be raised, equipment was put in to

provide for the grinding of flour. The corn mill could not grind flour, as there were no proper stones or bolting cloth to take the bran from it; the old flour mill, on the other hand, could als<» grind corn. Mills where flour could be ground were not so

close, sometimes five or ten mile:; apart. Each man must lake bis turn oaitiuL1 to get his grinding done, and this ga\e ri• to the

lO.xpre sion "taking turn to mill Never knowing how long il might

Established 132 i

F.nw. R. SUTHERLAND MARVIN F. SUTHERLAND

Phone 150 Jackson Hid;.;. Opp. Post Office

INSURANCE OF ALL KINDS

Prudenttal l.iIV. I'er onal Accident and Health, Fire, Tornado, Automobile Liability. Kire, Theft and Collision, in

Large, Non-Assessable Mutual

Companies We pay 20 and 25 per cent dividend on Automobile and Fire Insurance. Do you <ret a dividend on yours? If not. let's dis- cuss it before your policy is renewed.

Let us jrive our personal attention to your insurance needs. During the last li> years this office has built up a reputation for Insurance Service which is constantly inducing: others to place

their insurance business with us.

Also

REAL ESTATE AND RENTALS

PROPERTY MANAGEMENT

K. r

take to tret his grain handled. thr farmer going to mill would make

preparation like he was starting on the lengthy trip to market. He

would fill the ration box on the hack end of his wagon, hang his cooking utensils on the side, put in a few quilts ;und lilankets. then

load tlie sacks of grain and ho off, to return when his turn had come at the mill. Kvcn after l'.HO, wheat and flour had to he car-

ried twenty-five and thirty mil"s from some parts of this territory, to reach a mill.

(Jrisl mills, from the day of the lirst "pounder" down to the one.;

operated by internal combustion engines or electric current, have been important factors in the wel- fare of the highland peoples. Kven during the Revolutionary war, wherever one could be seiz-

ed by the 1'ritish. it was operated under heavy guard as long as the armies were where it could be

made to serve them. So important

were millers regarded that the i very earliest laws provided lh.it any man who "operaled a mill should he exempt from serving as

I a juror, and this law lias never' been changed.

The first grist mill west of the j Blue Uidge was huilt on Olefin's

i creek, about two miles above Ashcvillc, by John Burton. He

i had a man named llandlen lo op- erate it for him. and when not! busy with grinding, the miller cul tivated a crop on the mountain side just across French |{road river. One morning- when lie went across the river to see about he

planting, he was murdered Iron ambush by Indians. Since tluir time, the mountain has been rail ed llandlen, after him. THREATENED BY INDIANS

On one occasion a small hoy was sent to Handlen's mill lo hav< corn ground. As hi- was retuminv

I with a companion of about Ins : own aire, one of the sacks fell off the horse's back as they were \ crossing a steep hill. While the I boys were struggling to replace it. a party of Indians came by, and indulging their spirit of mischief. threatened and actually made

| show of hanging the boys, After J j teasing them until they were bad-, I lv frightened, they reloaded the

j meal and left the boys to go their way without harm.

Some of the more popular mills | j had stalls for the horses and shcl- ! ters for the men and boys who might lie forced lo spend the night

I while waiting for their grain to be ground. In busy seasons the | miil would run all night, particu-j

j larly just after crops had been | laid by or the approaching days j of the Christinas season. Another rush time was just after thresh- ing had been fiii'shed when every-j body wanted new rye or wheat bread.

The old mills were the center j of a gathering every day in the week; here politics, religion and all the neighborhood affairs were

discussed well and long. While the farmers waited, some of them would pitch horse shoes, box and | wrestle. They might p'a.v Fox and I (ieese on the board which had j

j been cut on some wide plank or1 i bench. In this homely game, whieh ! was one of regional origin, thai! (was also popular around the lire-1 •side in winter time, a diagram was I

laid out and on tiiis twcnly-tw- grains of corn, knnwii as gees", wore placed. Two grains, usually red or yellow, were the foxes. The hoard was cheeked (iff in such manner that if lli«* prose were

correctly moved llicy would hem the foxes in. One unwise move, and I he foxes were loosed to can-

ture. one ; fter another, in swift order, Use ;.ee r [>'o\ and Uees.' had a -"real deai <»f :i»nilarify t«» (lit l,'.-' me <>r tlieel:.n«>w popular. and prohahlv had its ori- gin in Ihe old woHd ch'vs board with if:- I.it".:. ;m,| lawn;., or Tables, the* Kli/.alxthian p-ame now known.as liackg.-'mnioii, and Dominoe::, whieli war; developed through a.< an cP dice lo !he frames of the T"i i:»I during tNir

qumt lvur.-:, weve also pepu;ar with the early settler.-..

!'onetimes on bet <l-n:\ hoy:, waiting at I'm mill would fish *-r

swim in the m:Hpond. and when it froze over in winter. the«-e would be vol .-ti.I ill skating -r

sledding on the ice. KECEIVKI) PAY IN CORN

The man who owned or operat- ed a prist mill received his pay for grinding from the grain, eith- er before or after it had been ground. This was measured out bv ineans of a round pan or bowl, known as a toddick or toll-dish his portion being one-cijrhth of each bushel pround. The toil *a- ken by him was somotftnes sold, and in many cases supplied the miller's family with bread.

When the Civil war was ended corn was scarcely to be had in this part of the state—any other grain was unknown—much of it had been requisitioned by the (|Uartormaster for the army. Hush- whackers had looted and carried away everything they could lind. 1

Confederate money was no longer! recognized and there was ve>-y little other medium of exchange known in the mountains. Most families subsisted on potatoes.

One old lady had :i little hoard i of gold money which she had man-

aged to save, and she wanted to ! mso it in buying corn from an- other section. She had 110 horse o'- j means of getting it herself, so sin- approached one of her neighbors and offered to pay him in corn if he would take his wagon and ov

to haul it for her. He made the j trip over the mountain and back

lip (ho long; road, there to receive gladly and as full compensation for his services a bushel of the precious corn.

When his portion harl l»ecn al- lotted <n him, despite the fait that il was Sunday and he had hecn on the tiresome trip over 1 he mouiilain, he started at once foi the mill. The miller demurred to his request 111 ;iL lie* j.;t ind 111-' coin on that day, but was final!* persuaded after heiu told of l!"

hungry children at home. Win-n the meal was ready, the •»<ill*-;- t<*on his share • >i the t• •!I-«Ii!i are! staried for the house, t he round of the' turning inili whe d iute'1 have heeii a welconi" one to l'i< n.iih '/:■ good wife, for as the man tr.ilid on his way li:n-k home

>v't h hi i-ieal, he pa.- ed I he in>i! :»ld there re.'A her already busily engaged witii the preliminaries oi

making1 can hroad for dinner. J'ioneer tamilie.-; were will fed

eii corn—iirst with the grci'v roasting; ears, then the parched <>:

dried corn beaten in the mortar and mixed with water for the hoe cake or ash cake which was baked on the hot stones of the wide hearth; then meal from the prim- itive mills.

Corn pone, a typical southern ilish. was baked in the iron oven which stood on its three legs be- fore the lire, or in the Dutch ovens. "Fatty" bread was made by adding- the cracklings, or crisp- ed hits of fat left when the lard was rendered at hoy killing time. NOT LIMITED TO BREAD

The usi* of corn meal was not limited to bread. There was stir about, which was corn mush eat- en with great bowls of milk. The Indian pudding sweetened with sorghum molasses was much like the traditional Boston dish (for which one hotel in that city was

long famous). The lye hominy, or

"big" hominy- so called to dis- tinguish it from the also widely used cracked corn ground on the mill, which we today know is

grits, was a product of the Caro- lina mountains.

In making hulled corn, a hop- per was made from a section of a hollow gum log, set up and fill- ed with ashes—hickory if this kind could be had. Water poured sparingly over this, resulted iu a

lye. When this hail leached out, it was poured over shelled corn to

Stars And Bars First Flown In NoC. At F. Rock

Tile firsl Conf<: «l«-i;!t«• flair ewr <li played within the boundary of !ienderson county. if not in the

ife, w." :•! line1 ••.onto time I ifore N'f.rl li <*jii ol'iia had ■,«<-«••!- i'.I from the union.

Tin- summer home of Itichard I't 111 l.ownde. beside lln* state

w'ere li><- original lion c. > v iiVMi'il !>y Mrs .). .1. Fret well, ii"V «:• ni!Arriving: th» re for his ;*i:ii-1;11 !m1. Mi-, f.owndes h:ir<lly i'i«l iiio:-.' 1 !»;>:i lirti !i •!.<' «l«ist of !ii-- trip from hi- coat before I:r had a poll* < -reeled on his front c :i. "I !n*r«* :tl uinrise next morn-

ii:.•. lite Starr and l!:;i>. released to fioal in the mountain lure?,!', m > doubt brought lo many their first ri aii;:ation «• f tlie* di'aster t I'M I had befallen the south.

loosen the casing or hull of the grain. After standing a few min- utes. it was then washed at the spout from the spring "branch" until all the husk came off.

This nia#s of hulled corn was turned into the bijj pot and there it was cooked for hours. From this came the snowy lye hominy that, played its part in the hog-nnd- hominy fare of early farm people.

When the fields of corn matur- ed. the lower blades were pulled from the stalk—by a process known as foddering-—tied into bundles and dried for winter for aye for the stock. The part of the stalk above the ear was cut and tied into shocks for "tops." This method of harvesting tlu* corn stalk is used in the moun- tains yet—the cutting and shock inir of the entire stalk as is done in the northern and western ag- ricultural sections having been adopted by only a few.

HOW TIMES CHANGE J.OWKI.L. Mass. (ITI When

Lucius A. Derby, No. made his fiist annual fishing tiip to Range- ley I akes in Maine, th<- journey !o the Pine Tree state pools re-

quired two days. lie recently made the trip by airplane in two hours.

Water Commission City s IVater Supply Comes From

Mount Pisgah's Slopes NewhrsofiviUp is proud of its water supply. Coming from the slopes of Mount Pisgah,

in the Pisgah National l ores!, the water is crystal clear, and as pure as waler can be. The

watershed, located entirely within the national forest has not only the protection af-

forded by heavy iorestation hat, in addition, is patrolled by federal officers whose duty it

Aei'iatinjf water as it flows into Ilemlersnnvillc's tivi- million «a!lon reservoir through a l»>-in/ pipe-

liiu* penetrating the Pisjtah National Forest.

ir, to know ihr purposes, movements and conduct of ifioy.i' ivho arc rrh 'ft'xai to visit the forest.

I he Hendersonville water system, as rebuilt

iii recent years, is strictly modem in every

respect. As it now stands, designed and con-

traction supervised by one of the outstanding

water supply engineers of the south, at a cost of

m?-rc than a million dollars, 'he system is adequate

to care for the needs of a population of 30,000

without additional cost.

Distribution from the reservoir is by gravity. By special agreement the city furnishes water to

the residents and industries of the suburbs adja- cent to Hendersonvdle within a radius of three

miles, the largest of which are Balfour, East Flat

Rock, Druid Hills, and Laurel Park. \ iew a'jove .^hnvvs one <>i (Ik- twin sections of He ntlcrsonviMe's 5.1)00,000 gallon distributing reser-

voir, :i beauty spot just above the city worth visit ing. Water is brought by gravity from Pisgah National Forest through 17 miles of 20-and-16-in ch cast iron pipe. As water is drawn from one

section of the reservoir, the other is drained an <i thoroughly cleaned.

Hendersonville's water system is controlled by a board of Water Commissioners composed of three members who are appointed by

and receive their authority direct from the state legislature. Each member is appointed for a term of six years, one member being elected

at each biennial sessian of the general assembly. This gives assurance of two experienced members on the board at all times while «

permanence of policies found most practical guards against sudden radical changes.

COMMISSIONERS; J. W.'BAILEY, Chairman; PR. W. R. KIRK, Z. C. BYERS Manager: J. H. LAMPLEY

r