Country galleryMaldives

Basic socio-demographic indicators, 2007-2008

Total population (thousands) 306

Annual population growth rate 2.4

Population aged 15-49 (thousands) 172

Percentage of population in urban areas 31

Crude birth rate (births per 1,000 population) 23

Under 5 mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 30

Human Development Index (HDI)/Value 100/0.741

Life expectancy at birth 72

Adult literacy rate 97

GDP per capita (PPP, $US) 5,261

Per capita total health expenditure (Int.$) 878 (2005)

Source: 1. 2007 UN Population Division cited in WHO, UNAIDS and UNICEF, Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV and AIDS: Maldives, July 2008 2. UNDP, Human Development Report 2007/2008

HIV prevalence and epidemiological status

Estimated HIV prevalence among high and low risk populations, with and without interventions, by 2015

Source: UNICEF, The HIV/AIDS Situation in the Republic of Maldives in 2006, National HIV/AIDS Council, MoH, Aug 2006

Without intervention assumes “sex without condoms and widespread sharing of needles by IDUs”.

With intervention refers to comprehensive prevention programs in place.3

40

3025

8

0.2 0.22 2

5

0

9

18

27

36

45

Migrants Vulnerableyouth

MSM SWs IDUs

(%)

HIV prevalence - Without interventions

HIV prevalence - With interventions

Estimated HIV prevalence among population 15-24 yrs, with and without interventions, by 2015

8

0.20

2

4

6

8

10

Without interventions With interventions

(%)

Source: UNICEF, The HIV/AIDS Situation in the Republic of Maldives in 2006, National HIV/AIDS Council, MoH, Aug 2006

Report states that vulnerable youth and migrants are likely to get infection partly due to their involvement with IDUs, MSM and FSWs.

Without intervention assumes “sex without condoms and widespread sharing of needles by IDUs”

With intervention refers to comprehensive prevention programs in place

Estimated number of HIV cases among high and low risk populations, with and without

interventions, by 2015

Source: UNICEF, The HIV/AIDS Situation in the Republic of Maldives in 2006, National HIV/AIDS Council, MoH, Aug 2006

40030

9001,250

3,200

2 508010060

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

SWs IDUs Migrants MSM Vulnerableyouth

(Num

ber)

Estimated HIV cases - Without interventions

Estimated HIV cases - With interventions

Without intervention assumes “sex without condoms and widespread sharing of needles by IDUs”.

With intervention refers to comprehensive prevention programs in place.

Reported number of AIDS cases, 1990-2005

Source: UNAIDS, Epidemiological Fact Sheets Maldives, 2006 update

Men in Maldives are more at risk of getting HIV infection than women.

The ratio of male to female reported number of AIDS cases is 10:1.

0 0 0 0

1 1

2

1

0

1

0

2

1

0

1 1

0

1

2

3

(Num

ber)

Male Female Total

Vulnerability

% of population 15-24 yrs with knowledge of HIV prevention, 2004

4

3944 43

6

3946

41

4

3943 45

0

25

50

75

100

No way Abstinence Using condoms One partner

Ways to prevent HIV

(%) Total 15-24 yrs Male 15-24 yrs Female 15-24 yrs

Source: MoH, Reproductive Health Survey, 2004, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Sep 2004

Reproductive Health Survey, 2004 is a national survey.It covered 663 women and 469 men aged 15-24 yrs (N=1,132)

% of population 15-49 yrs with knowledge of HIV transmission, 2004

63

1

3

5

34

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Blood transfusion

Breast-feeding

Homosexuality

Mother-to-child

Infected needles

HIV

is tr

ansm

itted

thro

ugh

(%)

Source: MoH, Reproductive Health Survey, 2004, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Sep 2004

Reproductive Health Survey, 2004 is a national survey.

It covered 2,693 married women 15-49 yrs and 1,409 married men 15-64 yrs (N=4,102)

Risk behaviors

Population movements and link between risk behaviors and HIV transmission

across groups, 2006

Source: UNICEF, The HIV/AIDS Situation in the Republic of Maldives in 2006, National HIV/AIDS Council, MoH, Aug 2006

The ‘Low risk males’ circle feeds the ‘vulnerable males’ circle (through migration, mobility, peer pressure, disillusionment, societal pressure to earn money, etc) as well as a circle of MSM. Some men in the ‘Vulnerable males’ circle use drugs; part of them move into the red circle of IDUs. Some men who use drugs need money desperately and may move into the MSWs group; other poor vulnerable men may move into this group too. Same processes along with gender imbalance force low-risk females to move into drug use or join sex work.

% of population 15-24 yrs who had sexual intercourse before the age of 18, 2004

Yes62%

No38%

Source: MoH, Reproductive Health Survey, 2004, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Sep 2004

The data represents both male and females

aged 15-24 who reported a very high rate of sex before the age of

18.

Reproductive Health Survey, 2004 is a national survey.It covered 663 women 469 and men aged 15-24 yrs (N=1,132)

% of population 15-24 yrs who had higher-risk sex in the past 12 months, 2004

Source: MoH, Reproductive Health Survey, 2004, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Sep 2004

9

14

5

0

5

10

15

20

Total Male Female

(%)

Reproductive Health Survey, 2004 is a national survey.It covered 663 women and 469 men aged 15-24 yrs (N=1,132)

Higher-risk sex defined as “ sex with non-marital, non-cohabitating partner in the past 12 months”

% of population 15-24 yrs reporting the use of a condom during higher-risk sex in the past

12 months, 2004Reproductive Health Survey, 2004 is a national survey.

It covered 663 women and 469 men aged 15-24 yrs (N=1,132)

Higher-risk sex defined as “ sex with non-marital, non-cohabitating partner in the past 12 months”

Used condom

12%

Did not use88%

Source: MoH, Reproductive Health Survey, 2004, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Sep 2004

% of population <18 yr who were sexually active and who used condoms, 2004

Source: MoH, Reproductive Health Survey, 2004, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Sep 2004 cited by UNICEF, The HIV/AIDS Situation in the Republic of Maldives in 2006, National HIV/AIDS Council, MoH, Aug 2006

14

5

55

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Male <18 yr Female <18 yr Total

Sexually active Condom use

(%)

National response

% of pregnant women tested and counseled for HIV, 2007

Source: WHO_UNAIDS_UNICEF_Towards Universal Access – Scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector, 2008

No37%

Yes63%

Total 4,438 pregnant women were tested and counseled for HIV

<100 <100

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Based on UNAIDS/WHOmethodology

In need of ART Received ART

(Num

ber)

Number of adults and children with advanced HIV infection who are in need and who

received ART, 2007

Source: WHO_UNAIDS_UNICEF_Towards Universal Access – Scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector, 2008

THANK YOU

slides compiled by www.aidsdatahub.org

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