Government at a Glance 2015

Country Fact Sheetwww.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm

The fiscal situation has improved, but public debt remains high

Following the recapitalisation of the banks in 2013, the fiscal deficit improved in 2014, reaching a level of 3.5% of GDP (compared to 12.3% in 2013). Greece succeeded in reaching a primary budget surplus of 0.4% in 2014, and a cyclically adjusted fiscal balance surplus in 2014 of 1.3% of potential GDP. This reflects some improvements in the underlying fiscal position, but Greece’s public debt, at 179.7% of GDP according to the System of National Accounts definition, is well above the OECD average of 109.3%, posing a risk for future macroeconomic stability.

Chapter 2: Public finance and economics

General government fiscal balance as a percentage of GDPGeneral government primary balance and interest spending as a percentage of GDPGeneral government structural balance as a percentage of potential GDPGeneral government gross debt as a percentage of GDP

Requirements for disclosure of private interests is generally higherthan in other OECD countries, but varies across branches of government

Disclosure of private interests of public officials can be an effective tool, alongside other mechanisms, in managing conflict of interest. In Greece, public officials have the highest obligations in terms of asset decla-rations in the legislative branch. The level of asset disclosure is also above the OECD average for the judicial branch and for “at risk” areas such as tax and customs officials, procurement agents and financial authorities. It is slightly below the OECD average for the executive branch. As in some other OECD countries, public officials in Greece are required to disclose as well some of the assets of their family members.

Chapter 7: Public Sector Integrity

Level of Disclosure and public availability of private interests across branches of government

Citizen satisfaction with institutions and services is low and decreasing

Between 2007 and 2014, citizen satisfaction with health care services has decreased by 17 p.p moving from 52% to 35%. This is well below the OECD average of 71% in 2014. The level of satisfaction with education services has slightly increased over the same period but remains low (45%) compared to OECD standards (67%). The confidence in the judicial system has slightly decreased over the period and is also low (44%) compared to the OECD average (54%).

Chapter 12: Serving Citizens

Citizens’ satisfaction with the health care systemCitizens’ satisfaction with the education systemCitizens‘ confidence with the judicial system

Greece

Government revenues(2013, 2014)

Government expenditures(2013, 2014)

Government gross debt *(2013, 2014)

% of GDP % of GDP % of GDP

Source: OECD National Accounts Source: OECD National Accounts Source: OECD National Accounts

G@G /dataG@G /data

-15% -10% 0%-5% +5% +10% +15%

Greece

-4.2%-3.5%

2013 2013

-12.3%

2014

Fiscal balance *(2013, 2014)

% of GDP

Public investment(2013, 2014)

% of of total govt. expenditures

How to read the figures:

Greece

Country value in blue (not represented if not available)

Average of OECD countries in green

Range of OECD country values in grey

Public Finance & Economics Public Employment & Compensation

Public Finance and Economics

GOVERNMENT INPUTS: FINANCIAL AND HUMAN RESOURCES

29.3%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

10.0%Greece

20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

2013

41.9%

49.3%(2014)

60.1%(2013)

Greece

0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

2013

7.8%

7.9%(2014)

4.6%(2013)

Greece179.7%

2013

181.0% 100%

0%2014

109.3%100%

0% 2013

0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250%

Greece

Source: OECD National Accounts. * See Notes

Values have been rounded. n.a. refers to

data not available

Source: OECD/Eurostat National Accounts* SNA definition, see Notes

Public Employment and Compensation

G@G /data

58.0%

45.6%Greece

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Public sector employment filled by women (2013)

Source: International Labour Organization (database)

Share of women ministers(2015)

Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union Parline Database

Public sector employmentas % of total employment (2013)

Source: International Labour Organization (database)

21.3%

22.6%Greece

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

2013

37.7%

45.8%(2014)

47.8%(2013)

Greece

GOVERNMENT PROCESSES

Institutions Regulatory Governance Public Procurement Public Sector Integrity Digital Government

Digital Gov.

High Moderate Low

30%59%11%

n.a.Greece

G@G /data

Level ofinfluence of the

Centre of Governmentover line ministries

(2013)

Institutions

Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Centre of Government

Women in Government

Primary lawsSubordinateregulations

Stakeholder engagement to inform o�cials about the problem and

possible solutions

Primary lawsSubordinateregulations

Consultation on draft regulations or proposed rules

For major subordinate regulations

For allprimary laws

For all primary laws /subordinate regulations

For major primary laws /subordinate regulations

For some primary laws /subordinate regulations

NeverNotapplicable

For someprimary laws

Never

3%15%65%15%2%

6%9%

62%23%0%

68%6%

18%6%2%

53%18%24%5%0%

Greece

G@G /data

Source: OECD Regulatory Policy Outlook (forthcoming)

Stakeholder engagement and consultation (2014)

Regulatory Governance

Strategic public procurement - Objectives(2014)

G@G /data

Public Procurement

0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

29.0%

50%

16.3%

Greece

Source: OECD National Accounts

Procurement expenditure(2013)

% of government expenditures

Source: 2014 OECD Survey on Public Procurement

Public Sector Integrity

2632

64

44

Judicial Branch “At risk” areasLegislative BranchExecutive Branch

Low level

Medium level

High level

39

GreeceGreeceGreeceGreece

79

42

33

Level of disclosure of private interestsacross branches of government

(2014)

Source: 2014 OECD Survey on Managing Conflict of Interest in the Executive Branch and Whistleblower Protection

0.58

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0.63Greece

OURdata Index:Open, Useful, ReusableGovernment Data (2014)

Composite indexfrom 0 lowest to 1 highest

Source: 2014 OECD Survey on Open Government Data

Support for greenpublic procurement

A strategy / policy has been developed by some procuring entities

A strategy / policy has been developed at a central level

Support forSMEs

Support for innovativegoods and services

13 26 1

A strategy / policy has been rescinded

A strategy / policy has never been developed

2 10 25 0 3 10 23 0 3

Greece

GOVERNMENT OUTPUTS AND OUTCOMES

Notes Fiscal balance as reported in the System of National Accounts (SNA) framework, also referred to as net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) of government, is calculated as total government revenues minus total government expenditures. Structural fiscal balance, or underlying balance, represents the fiscal balance adjusted for the state of the economic cycle (as measured by the output gap which resulted as the dif ference between actual and potential GDP) and one-off fiscal operations. Government gross debt is reported according to the SNA definition, which dif fers from the definition applied under the Maastricht Treaty. It is defined as all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. All debt instruments are liabilities, but some liabilities such as shares, equity and financial derivatives are not debt.

Core Government Results and Service Delivery

Out of pocket expenditure as a % of final household consumption Access to healthcare (2012)

Source: OECD Health Statistics 2014

Satisfaction and confidence across public services (2014)

71%

Judicial system

Education system

35%

20

40

60

80

100

Health care

67%45%

54%44%

National government42%19%

Greece

Average

Range

Source: Gallup World Poll

-15%

-10%

-5%

0%

5%

GreeceTop10%

-12.7%

Bottom10%

-9%

Top10%

Bottom10%

-1.6% -0.8%

Changes in household disposable income,by income group (2007-2011)

Source: OECD Income Distribution Database

Limited government powers(2014)

Greece0.65

0.76

[0.37-0.92]

Source: The World Justice Project

Equity in learning outcomes (2012)PISA mathematics score variance by socio economic background

14.8%

5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

15.5%Greece

Source: OECD, PISA 2012 results: Excellence through equity, 2013

% of citizens expressing confidence/satisfaction

Government at a Glance 2015With a focus on public administration, OECD Government at a Glance 2015 provides readers with a dashboard of key indicators assembled with the

goal of contributing to the analysis and international comparison of public sector performance across OECD countries. Indicators on public finances

and employment are provided alongside composite indexes summarising aspects of public management policies, and indicators on services to

citizens in health care, education, and justice. Government at a Glance 2015 also includes indicators on key governance and public management

issues, such as regulatory management, budgeting practices and procedures, public sector integrity, public procurement and core government

results in terms of trust in institutions, income redistribution and efficiency and cost-effectiveness of governments.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/gov_glance-2015-en

The Excel spreadsheets used to create the tables and figures in Government at a Glance 2015 are available via the StatLinks provided throughout the publication:

For more information on the data (including full methodology and figure notes)and to consult all other Country Fact Sheets: www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm

2.8%

0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5%

3.9%Greece