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IMD WORLDCOMPETITIVENESSCENTER
COUNTRYPROFILE CROATIA
1
BASIC FACTS
Capital
Land area (square km '000) 572018
Exchange Rate (per $) 6.2792018
Population - market size (millions) 4.092018
54
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US$ billions) 60.82018
55
GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 26,2642018
46
Real GDP growth (%) 2.62018
35
Consumer price inflation (%) 1.502018
18
Unemployment rate (%) 8.582018
51
Labor force (millions) 1.812018
54
Current account balance (% of GDP) 2.422018
24
Direct investment stocks inward ($bn) 33.42017
55
Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP) 2.112018
33
PEER GROUPS RANKINGSEUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (40 countries) POPULATIONS < 20 MILLION (34 countries)
COMPETITIVENESS TRENDS - OVERALL
CROATIAOVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Rank
Zagreb
CHALLENGES IN 2019Reform of public administration and local administrative units.
Developing an adequate education system.
National Competitiveness Council
COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE
58 58 5961 60
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
57
23
43
55
36
46
55 5560
43
5763 61 63 63
57 57 55
3742
Dom
estic
Eco
nom
y
Inte
rnat
iona
l Tra
de
Inte
rnat
iona
l Inv
estm
ent
Empl
oym
ent
Pric
es
Publ
ic F
inan
ce
Tax
Pol
icy
Inst
itutio
nal F
ram
ewor
k
Busi
ness
Leg
isla
tion
Soci
etal
Fra
mew
ork
Prod
uctiv
ity &
Effi
cien
cy
Labo
r M
arke
t
Fina
nce
Man
agem
ent
Prac
tices
Att
itude
s an
d V
alue
s
Basi
c In
fras
truc
ture
Tec
hnol
ogic
al In
fras
truc
ture
Scie
ntifi
c In
fras
truc
ture
Hea
lth a
nd E
nvir
onm
ent
Educ
atio
n
Economic Performance Government Efficiency Business Efficiency Infrastructure
37 3739 40 40
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
3332
33 33 33
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
• Reform of public administration and local administrative units.• Developing an adequate education system.• More efficient cooperation between the business and research
sectors (better transfer of R&D funds).• Reduce the share of the public sector in the overall economy.• Judicial reform.
Provided by:National Competitiveness Council
2
IMPROVEMENTSWCY 2018
WCY 2019 DECLINES
WCY 2018
2.1.09 Public finances 2.85 4.12 2.1.02 Government budget surplus/deficit (%) 0.08
2.3.12 Bureaucracy 0.91 1.24 2.4.14 Start-up days 7.0
4.5.15 University education 3.19 4.32 1.2.02 Current account balance 4.34
4.3.20 Scientific research legislation 2.84 3.77 2.3.08 Exchange rate stability 0.043
1.4.08 Long-term unemployment 4.60 3.40 1.5.01 Consumer price inflation 1.10
4.1.07 Population - growth -1.15 -0.85 4.2.16 High-tech exports (%) 11.62
4.3.10 Researchers in R&D per capita 1.4 1.8 3.2.21 Brain drain 2.43
1.4.07 Unemployment rate 11.20 8.58 1.1.18 Gross fixed capital formation - real growth 5.49
3.4.04 Credibility of managers 2.96 3.62 2.5.02 Homicide 0.9
3.3.19 Corporate debt 3.12 3.80 1.5.06 Gasoline prices 1.35
2.2.12 Real personal taxes 2.24 2.70 3.1.10 Use of digital tools and technologies 5.13
3.3.16 Credit 4.38 5.28 4.2.13 Development and application of technology 4.12
2.3.11 Transparency 2.24 2.68 1.5.02 Cost-of-living index 61.80
2.3.02 Cost of capital 3.03 3.62 1.1.15 Real GDP growth per capita 3.97
3.4.07 Use of big data and analytics 2.97 3.54 3.2.01 Compensation levels 6.28
COMPETITIVENESS EVOLUTION & ATTRACTIVENESS INDICATORS
CROATIACOMPETITIVENESS EVOLUTION
-0.50
1.50
7.45
1.74
4.10
1.0
1.58
3.51
The criteria below highlight the 15 biggest Improvements and the 15 biggest Declines in the overall performance of the economy. They are
determined by the largest percentage changes in the value of each criterion from one yearbook to the next.
WCY 2019
7.01
KEY ATTRACTIVENESS INDICATORS
From a list of 15 indicators, respondents of the Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select 5 that they perceived as the key
attractiveness factors of their economy. The chart shows the percentage of responses per indicator from the highest number of responses
to the lowest.
22.5
2.42
0.060
4.32
3.50
69.70
1.5%1.5%1.5%6.1%7.6%18.2%19.7%19.7%24.2%39.4%40.9%50.0%54.5%75.8%81.8%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
Effective legal environmentCompetency of government
Competitive tax regimePolicy stability & predictabilityBusiness-friendly environment
Quality of corporate governanceStrong R&D culture
Effective labor relationsDynamism of the economyOpen and positive attitudes
Cost competitivenessAccess to financing
High educational levelReliable infrastructure
Skilled workforce
3
Sub-Factor Rankings : 2018
Domestic Economy 60 International Trade 16 International Investment 55 Employment 58 Prices 11
Sub-Factor Rankings : 2018
Public Finance 46 Tax Policy 57 Institutional Framework 56 Business Legislation 59 Societal Framework 40
Sub-Factor Rankings : 2018
Productivity & Efficiency 54 Labor Market 63 Finance 60 Management Practices 63 Attitudes and Values 63
Sub-Factor Rankings : 2018
Basic Infrastructure 57 Technological Infrastructure 53 Scientific Infrastructure 57 Health and Environment 37 Education 40
COMPETITIVENESS TRENDS - FACTOR BREAKDOWN
CROATIA
ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
2019
57 23
57 57 55 37 42
36
2019
46 55 55 60 43
2019
55
57 63 61 63 63
BUSINESS EFFICIENCY
GOVERNMENT EFFICIENCY
43
INFRASTRUCTURE
2019
5756
5756
55
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
56 56 57 5658
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
61 6163
6263
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
43 4346 46
49
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
4
Rank1
1
6
7
12
15
18
18
20
23
Rank10
14
16
17
26
26
35
50
Rank13
20
27
27
Rank4
4
5
6
16
22
25
25
28
29
1.1.15 Real GDP growth per capita 1.4.02 Employment (%) 52
2.2.08 Corporate tax rate on profit 2.4.18 Immigration laws 63
1.5.04 Office rent 1.4.09 Youth unemployment 55
1.5.02 Cost-of-living index 1.3.03 Direct investment stocks abroad ($bn) 54
1.2.25 Tourism receipts 1.1.19 Resilience of the economy 61
1.2.13 Exports of commercial services (%) 1.3.07 Direct investment stocks inward ($bn) 55
4.5.01 Total public expenditure on education 4.1.05 Management of cities 58
CROATIASTRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
Infrastructure Infrastructure Rank
3.5.04 Flexibility and adaptability 62
2.4.06 Investment incentives 59
Business Efficiency Business Efficiency Rank
BALANCE SHEET - FACTOR BREAKDOWN
1.2.23 Trade to GDP ratio 1.4.08 Long-term unemployment 48
Government Efficiency Government Efficiency Rank
3.2.04 Remuneration of management 3.4.05 Corporate boards 63
4.4.09 Medical assistance 4.3.20 Scientific research legislation 59
4.2.02 Mobile Broadband subscribers 4.2.11 Qualified engineers 60
4.2.03 Mobile Telephone costs 4.3.21 Intellectual property rights 60
4.4.18 Renewable energies (%) 4.3.22 Knowledge transfer 61
4.5.03 Gov. expenditure on education per student 4.5.16 Management education 60
4.5.09 Women with degrees 4.4.25 Sustainable development 62
4.5.06 Pupil-teacher ratio (secondary education) 4.2.12 Public-private partnerships 61
4.2.01 Investment in Telecommunications 4.2.13 Development and application of technology 62
4.5.05 Pupil-teacher ratio (primary education) 4.1.07 Population - growth 62
3.5.06 Digital transformation in companies 63
3.1.10 Use of digital tools and technologies 63
3.5.03 National culture 63
3.2.10 Employee training 63
3.2.16 Female labor force 3.2.20 Attracting and retaining talents 63
3.4.06 Auditing and accounting practices 63
3.2.03 Remuneration in services professions 3.4.08 Customer satisfaction 63
3.2.01 Compensation levels 3.4.04 Credibility of managers 63
2.4.17 Unemployment legislation 59
2.5.14 Disposable Income 2.2.10 Employee's social security contribution rate 59
2.3.08 Exchange rate stability 2.2.12 Real personal taxes 59
2.5.02 Homicide 2.1.11 Pension funding 60
2.1.02 Government budget surplus/deficit (%) 2.3.12 Bureaucracy 60
1.3.08 Direct investment stocks inward (% of GDP) 1.3.05 Direct investment flows inward ($bn) 51
1.5.05 Food costs 54
1.5.01 Consumer price inflation 1.4.07 Unemployment rate 51
1.2.18 Export concentration by product 1.2.08 Exports of goods ($bn) 56
1.3.13 Relocation threats of business
2.4.01 Tariff barriers 2.3.09 Legal and regulatory framework 62
2.3.07 Foreign currency reserves per capita 2.4.09 State ownership of enterprises 61
2.5.06 Gini coefficient 2.3.10 Adaptability of government policy 61
Economic Performance Economic Performance Rank
5
Value Average Rank Year
6.279 74.055 2018
60.8 1,264.8 55 2018
107.4 1,903.1 54 2018
0.07 1.49 55 2018
35.0 697.9 54 2018
57.5 55.2 29 2018
12.0 202.1 52 2018
19.7 16.7 15 2018
13.0 313.1 53 2018
21.4 22.6 38 2018
13.8 343.8 55 2018
22.8 28.2 43 2018
2018
3.6 3.7 2018
25.8 29.5 2018
70.7 66.8 2018
0.62 0.83 36 2017
2.6 2.7 35 2018
3.51 1.92 18 2018
3.51 2.84 25 2018
2.87 2.23 26 2018
4.10 3.83 25 2018
2.93 5.52 61 2019
14,869 30,983 42 2018
26,264 39,972 46 2018
2.7 2.6 26 2019
1.1 · Domestic Economy1.1.00 · Exchange Rate
National currency per US$ (average)
1.1.02 · GDP (PPP)Estimates ; US$ billions at purchasing power parity
1.1.04 · Household consumption expenditure ($bn)US$ billions
1.1.06 · Government consumption expenditure ($bn)US$ billions
1.1.09 · Gross fixed capital formation (%)Percentage of GDP
EXTENDED COUNTRY PROFILE
CROATIA1 · Economic Performance
Percentage of GDP
1.1.08 · Gross fixed capital formation ($bn)US$ billions
1.1.01 · Gross Domestic Product (GDP)US$ billions
1.1.03 · World GDP contributionPercentage share of world GDP in market prices
1.1.05 · Household consumption expenditure (%)
1.1.07 · Government consumption expenditure (%)Percentage of GDP
1.1.22 · Forecast: Real GDP growth
1.1.21 · GDP (PPP) per capitaEstimates; US$ per capita at purchasing power parity
1.1.19 · Resilience of the economyResilience of the economy to economic cycles is strong
1.1.20 · GDP per capitaUS$ per capita
1.1.18 · Gross fixed capital formation - real growthPercentage change, based on constant prices.
1.1.17 · Government consumption expenditure - real growthPercentage change, based on constant prices.
1.1.16 · Household consumption expenditure - real growthPercentage change, based on constant prices.
1.1.14 · Real GDP growthPercentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
1.1.15 · Real GDP growth per capitaPercentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
1.1.13 · Economic complexity indexMeasures knowledge intensity, by considering exports
Economic sectors / ServicesBreakdown as a percentage of GDP
Economic sectors / IndustryBreakdown as a percentage of GDP
1.1.12 · Economic sectorsBreakdown of the economic sectors, percentage of GDP
Economic sectors / AgricultureBreakdown as a percentage of GDP
1.1.11 · Gross domestic savings (%)Percentage of GDP
1.1.10 · Gross domestic savings ($bn)US$ billions
6
0.9 158,733.1 6 2019
7.2 6.4 50 2019
2.0 1.3 22 2019
2.72 5.17 60 2018
Value Average Rank Year
1.5 8.9 29 2018
2.42 1.87 24 2018
-10.7 -2.3 47 2018
-17.64 -0.10 61 2018
10.46 3.58 15 2017
18.96 2.38 2 2017
0.14 1.48 56 2017
17.37 287.34 56 2018
28.57 39.75 34 2018
4,248 13,041 42 2018
8.11 10.84 39 2018
15.02 78.03 46 2017
27.20 15.50 6 2017
11.03 9.51 23 2017
31.08 340.78 56 2017
2017
9.7 10.6 2017
42.0 63.4 2017
48.3 26.0 2017
52.8 53.1 37 2017
31.2 53.6 1 2017
29.4 337.6 8 2017
53.2 52.1 39 2017
13.76 10.35 42 2017
1.1.99 · Diversification of the economyDiversification of the economy (industries, export markets, etc.) is extensive
1.2 · International Trade
1.1.24 · Forecast: UnemploymentPercentage of total labor force
1.1.25 · Forecast: Current account balancePercentage of GDP/GNP
1.1.23 · Forecast: InflationPercentage change
Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
Percentage change, based on US$ values
Percentage of GDP
1.2.21 · Imports of goods & commercial services - growth
1.2.20 · Imports of goods & commercial services (%)US$ billions
1.2.19 · Imports of goods & commercial services ($bn)
Exports to top 5 countries, percentage of total exports
Top 5 products, percentage of total exports
Percentage of total exports
1.2.17 · Export concentration by partner
1.2.18 · Export concentration by product
Exports breakdown by economic sector / ServicesPercentage of total exports
Exports breakdown by economic sector / IndustryPercentage of total exports
Exports breakdown by economic sector / Agriculture
US$ billions
Percentage of total exports
Percentage change, based on US$ values
1.2.15 · Exports of goods & commercial services
1.2.16 · Exports breakdown by economic sector
1.2.14 · Exports of commercial services - growthPercentage of GDP
1.2.13 · Exports of commercial services (%)US$ billions
Percentage change, based on US$ values
1.2.12 · Exports of commercial services ($bn)
US$ per capita
1.2.09 · Exports of goods (%)US$ billions
1.2.06 · Balance of commercial services (%)Percentage of GDP
1.2.07 · World exports contributionPercentage share of world exports (goods and commercial services)
1.2.08 · Exports of goods ($bn)
US$ billions (minus sign = deficit)
1.2.04 · Balance of trade (%)Percentage of GDP
1.2.05 · Balance of commercial services ($bn)US$ billions (minus sign = deficit)
1.2.01 · Current account balance ($bn)US$ billions (minus sign = deficit)
1.2.02 · Current account balancePercentage of GDP
1.2.03 · Balance of trade ($bn)
1.2.10 · Exports of goods per capita
1.2.11 · Exports of goods - growth
Percentage of GDP
7
2017
12.0 8.2 2017
72.5 67.9 2017
15.5 23.9 2017
54.77 53.12 23 2017
96.0 99.0 46 2018
19.79 3.78 1 2017
3.79 5.22 56 2018
Value Average Rank Year
0.45 16.70 47 2018
0.73 1.61 35 2018
6.1 484.2 54 2017
10.96 69.51 47 2017
1.28 18.51 51 2018
2.11 1.72 33 2018
33.4 469.5 55 2017
60.57 85.29 20 2017
-0.84 -1.90 24 2018
-1.37 -0.12 33 2018
-27.4 14.7 34 2017
-49.61 -15.79 53 2017
5.86 5.15 12 2019
0.20 25.74 49 2018
-0.60 20.50 43 2018
4.18 4.90 51 2018
4.29 4.93 47 2018
4.64 5.05 49 2018
Value Average Rank Year
1.66 39.31 54 2018
Exchange rates support the competitiveness of enterprises
1.3.10 · Balance of direct investment flows (%)Percentage of GDP (flows abroad minus flows inward)
1.4 · Employment
1.3 · International Investment
1.2.99 · Exchange rates
1.3.99 · Relocation threats of servicesRelocation of services is not a threat to the future of your economy
1.3.15 · Portfolio investment liabilities
Unit value of exports over unit value of imports
International tourism receipts as a percentage of GDP
Relocation of R&D facilities is not a threat to the future of your economy
(Exports + Imports) / (2 * GDP)
1.2.24 · Terms of trade index
1.2.25 · Tourism receipts
1.3.99 · Relocation threats of productionRelocation of production is not a threat to the future of your economy
1.3.99 · Relocation threats of R&D facilities
US$ billions
1.2.23 · Trade to GDP ratioPercentage of total imports
1.3.14 · Portfolio investment assetsUS$ billions
Imports breakdown by economic sector / ServicesPercentage of total imports
Imports breakdown by economic sector / Industry
1.3.12 · Net position in direct investment stocks (%)Percentage of GDP (stocks abroad minus stocks inward)
1.3.13 · Relocation threats of businessRelocation of business is not a threat to the future of your economy
Percentage of total imports
Percentage of total imports
US$ billions (stocks abroad minus stocks inward)
Imports breakdown by economic sector / Agriculture
1.2.22 · Imports breakdown by economic sector
1.3.11 · Net position in direct investment stocks ($bn)
1.3.09 · Balance of direct investment flows ($bn)US$ billions (flows abroad minus flows inward)
Total employment in millions
1.3.08 · Direct investment stocks inward (% of GDP)Percentage of GDP
1.3.05 · Direct investment flows inward ($bn)
US$ billions
1.3.06 · Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP)Percentage of GDP
1.3.07 · Direct investment stocks inward ($bn)
US$ billions
1.3.04 · Direct investment stocks abroad (% of GDP)Percentage of GDP
1.3.03 · Direct investment stocks abroad ($bn)US$ billions
Percentage of GDP
1.3.01 · Direct investment flows abroad ($bn)US$ billions
1.3.02 · Direct investment flows abroad (% of GDP)
1.4.01 · Employment
8
40.47 47.54 52 2018
1.85 1.34 27 2018
9.54 3.41 8 2018
2018
6.2 8.7 2018
27.4 23.9 2018
66.3 67.4 2018
31.00 17.65 57 2017
8.58 6.57 51 2018
3.40 2.33 48 2018
23.75 15.42 55 2018
15.4 12.3 43 2017
Value Average Rank Year
1.50 14,761.73 18 2018
69.70 81.10 15 2018
785 1,525 12 2018
269 603 7 2017
30.07 18.38 54 2017
1.58 1.29 43 2018
1.5 · Prices
1.5.06 · Gasoline pricesPremium unleaded gasoline (95 Ron) US$ per litre
Share of youth population (15-24) not in education, employment or training
1.4.08 · Long-term unemployment
1.4.09 · Youth unemployment
1.5.05 · Food costsPercentage of household final consumption expenditures
Percentage of labor force
Percentage of labor force
Percentage of youth labor force (under the age of 25)
1.5.04 · Office rentTotal occupation cost in the main city (US$/Sq.M. per year)
1.4.10 · Youth exclusion
1.5.03 · Apartment rent3-room apartment monthly rent in major cities, US$
Employment by sector / ServicesPercentage of total employment
Percentage of total employment
1.5.02 · Cost-of-living indexIndex of a basket of goods & services in the main city, including housing (New York City = 100)
1.5.01 · Consumer price inflationAverage annual rate
Employment by sector / Agriculture
1.4.07 · Unemployment rate
Percentage of total employment
1.4.06 · Employment in the public sector
Percentage of total employment
Employment by sector / Industry
Percentage of total employment
Estimates: % of population, percentage change in 4 years
1.4.04 · Employment - long-term growth
Percentage of population
1.4.03 · Employment - growth
1.4.02 · Employment (%)
Estimates: percentage change
1.4.05 · Employment by sector
9
Value Average Rank Year
-0.30 -35.78 23 2018
-0.50 -1.56 26 2018
44.82 1,075.60 12 2018
73.72 59.51 46 2018
-2.35 4.23 13 2018
45.92 38.21 37 2018
26.86 19.01 39 2018
5.29 5.89 35 2018
4.12 4.70 39 2019
3.62 4.73 45 2019
1.74 4.22 60 2019
46.4 35.1 52 2018
Value Average Rank Year
36.32 27.08 49 2017
3.28 5.89 21 2017
2.26 3.04 17 2017
18.08 9.78 62 2017
0.94 1.39 25 2017
11.58 7.12 46 2017
19.45 16.65 35 2016
18.00 23.10 10 2018
25.00 16.28 58 2018
19.27 9.27 59 2016
16.57 16.56 36 2016
2.70 5.17 59 2019
2.78 5.34 57 2018
Real personal taxes do not discourage people from working or seeking advancement
2.1.07 · Central government foreign debtPercentage of GDP
2.2.10 · Employee's social security contribution rateCompulsory contribution as a percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita
2.2.12 · Real personal taxes
2.1.01 · Government budget surplus/deficit ($bn)US$ billions
2.1.02 · Government budget surplus/deficit (%)Percentage of GDP
2.1.03 · Total general government debt ($bn)US$ billions
2.1.04 · Total general government debt (%)Percentage of GDP
2.1.05 · Total general government debt-real growthPercentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
2.1.06 · Central government domestic debtPercentage of GDP
EXTENDED COUNTRY PROFILE
2 · Government Efficiency
2.1.09 · Public finances
2.1 · Public Finance
Percentage of GDP
2.2 · Tax Policy
2.2.99 · Real corporate taxes
CROATIA
Pension funding is adequately addressed for the future
2.1.10 · Tax evasionTax evasion is not a threat to your economy
2.1.11 · Pension funding
Public finances are being efficiently managed
2.1.12 · General government expenditure
2.2.11 · Employer's social security contribution rateCompulsory contribution as a percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita
2.1.08 · Interest payment (%)Percentage of current revenue
2.2.08 · Corporate tax rate on profitMaximum tax rate, calculated on profit before tax
2.2.09 · Consumption tax rateStandard rate of VAT/GST
2.2.07 · Effective personal income tax ratePercentage of an income equal to GDP per capita
2.2.04 · Collected indirect tax revenuesTaxes on goods and services as a percentage of GDP
2.2.05 · Collected capital and property taxesPercentage of GDP
2.2.03 · Collected corporate taxesOn profits, income and capital gains, as a percentage of GDP
2.2.06 · Collected social security contributionCompulsory contribution of employees and employers as a percentage of GDP
2.2.02 · Collected personal income taxOn profits, income and capital gains, as a percentage of GDP
2.2.01 · Collected total tax revenuesPercentage of GDP
10
Value Average Rank Year
1.48 -1.53 46 2018
3.62 5.49 53 2019
4.62 3.89 47 2018
29.7 42.5 54 2018
5.16 6.30 54 2019
19.99 185.59 48 2018
4,889 6,963 16 2018
0.060 0.076 50 2018
2.03 5.09 62 2019
1.71 4.42 61 2019
2.68 4.68 53 2019
1.24 3.59 60 2019
2.23 4.66 50 2019
0.61 0.65 30 2018
2.09 4.47 58 2018
Value Average Rank Year
5.08 5.96 14 2017
4.20 5.83 53 2019
4.72 6.06 52 2019
5.86 6.93 48 2019
5.12 6.52 53 2019
3.82 5.92 59 2019
1.51 1.18 45 2018
3.83 5.45 56 2019
3.48 6.04 61 2019
4.14 5.77 58 2019
3.26 4.94 49 2019
5.0 5.9 23 2016
Parity change from national currency to SDR, 2018 / 2016
2.3.14 · Rule of lawRule of Law Index
2.3 · Institutional Framework
2.3.99 · Government decisionsGovernment decisions are effectively implemented
2.4 · Business Legislation
Real corporate taxes do not discourage entrepreneurial activity
2.3.13 · Bribery and corruptionBribery and corruption do not exist
The legal and regulatory framework encourages the competitiveness of enterprises
Bureaucracy does not hinder business activity
2.3.10 · Adaptability of government policyAdaptability of government policy to changes in the economy is high
2.3.11 · TransparencyTransparency of government policy is satisfactory
2.3.12 · Bureaucracy
2.3.09 · Legal and regulatory framework
2.3.08 · Exchange rate stability
2.3.04 · Country credit ratingIndex (0-60) of three country credit ratings: Fitch, Moody's and S&P
2.3.05 · Central bank policy
2.3.06 · Foreign currency reservesUS$ billions
2.3.07 · Foreign currency reserves per capitaUS$ per capita
Central bank policy has a positive impact on the economy
2.3.03 · Interest rate spreadLending rate minus deposit rate
Cost of capital encourages business development
2.4.10 · Competition legislationCompetition legislation is efficient in preventing unfair competition
2.4.12 · New business density
2.3.01 · Real short-term interest rateReal discount / bank rate
2.3.02 · Cost of capital
2.4.11 · Parallel economyParallel (black-market, unrecorded) economy does not impair economic development
2.4.09 · State ownership of enterprisesState ownership of enterprises is not a threat to business activities
2.4.07 · Government subsidiesTo private and public companies as a percentage of GDP
2.4.08 · SubsidiesSubsidies do not distort fair competition and economic development
2.4.05 · Capital marketsCapital markets (foreign and domestic) are easily accessible
2.4.06 · Investment incentivesInvestment incentives are attractive to foreign investors
2.4.01 · Tariff barriersTariffs on imports: Most favored nation simple average rate
2.4.02 · Protectionism
2.4.03 · Public sector contracts
2.4.04 · Foreign investorsForeign investors are free to acquire control in domestic companies
Protectionism of your government does not impair the conduct of your business
Public sector contracts are sufficiently open to foreign bidders
11
4.21 6.46 58 2019
22.5 14.9 54 2018
8.0 6.0 47 2018
3.16 5.24 58 2019
3.15 5.01 59 2019
3.91 5.83 63 2019
7.2 9.4 30 2018
4.00 5.92 53 2018
2.06 5.15 61 2018
Value Average Rank Year
2.76 5.68 54 2019
1.0 4.6 26 2016
20.0 14.3 55 2018
4.70 5.79 42 2019
3.57 5.46 57 2019
30.80 35.20 17 2017
2.60 2.73 2015
22.80 26.89 2015
0.83 0.28 12 2015
4.61 6.06 52 2019
18.50 25.22 45 2017
1.22 1.38 44 2018
0.124 0.189 31 2017
72.9 71.1 35 2018
1.33 4.54 63 2018
4.47 6.67 53 2018
2.5 · Societal Framework
2.5.99 · Personal security and private property rightsPersonal security and private property rights are adequately protected
2.5.99 · Ageing of societyAgeing of society is not a burden for economic development
2.5.14 · Disposable IncomeFemale / male ratio
2.5.13 · Gender inequalityGender Inequality Index (UNDP)
2.5.12 · Unemployment rate - gender ratioDifference between the female and male unemployement rates
2.5.11 · Females in parliamentPercentage of total seats in Parliament
2.4.15 · Start-up procedures
2.4.99 · Ease of doing businessEase of doing business is supported by regulations
2.4.16 · Labor regulations
2.5.10 · Equal opportunityEqual opportunity legislation in your economy encourages economic development
2.5.09 · Income share held by lowest 60% - growthPercentage change of household incomes going to lowest 60% of households
2.4.99 · Customs' authoritiesCustoms' authorities do facilitate the efficient transit of goods
2.5.08 · Income distribution - highest 10%Percentage of household incomes going to highest 10% of households
Number of procedures to start a business
2.5.07 · Income distribution - lowest 10%Percentage of household incomes going to lowest 10% of households
2.4.17 · Unemployment legislationUnemployment legislation provides an incentive to look for work
2.4.18 · Immigration lawsImmigration laws do not prevent your company from employing foreign labor
Labor regulations (hiring/firing practices, minimum wages, etc.) do not hinder business activities
2.4.19 · Redundancy costsNumber of weeks of salary
2.5.06 · Gini coefficientEqual distribution of income scale: 0 (absolute equality) to 100 (absolute inequality)
2.5.05 · Social cohesionSocial cohesion is high
2.5.04 · Risk of political instabilityThe risk of political instability is very low
2.5.03 · Ageing of populationPopulation over 65, percentage of total population
2.4.13 · Creation of firmsCreation of firms is supported by legislation
2.4.14 · Start-up daysNumber of days to start a business
2.5.02 · HomicideIntentional homicide, rate per 100'000 population
2.5.01 · JusticeJustice is fairly administered
Registered new businesses per 1'000 people aged 15-64
12
Value Average Rank Year
62,515 79,104 42 2018
0.93 1.36 39 2018
34.28 44.82 41 2018
37,227 49,157 30 2018
61,077 100,569 48 2018
69,255 78,649 41 2018
4.35 6.14 56 2019
5.51 6.69 58 2019
4.99 6.03 49 2019
4.32 6.07 63 2019
Value Average Rank Year
7.01 13.64 27 2018
1.25 2.23 17 2017
14,350 28,097 20 2018
10,350 18,893 2018
10,845 18,792 2018
16,476 30,286 2018
22,545 48,626 2018
13,642 29,496 2018
12,240 22,488 2018
91,668 168,492 13 2018
142,522 304,252 2018
92,817 148,688 2018
28,662 79,567 2018
102,669 141,460 2018
11.64 17.63 20 2018
3.1.01 · Overall productivity (PPP)Estimates: GDP (PPP) per person employed, US$
3.1.03 · Labor productivity (PPP)Estimates: GDP (PPP) per person employed per hour, US$
3.1.05 · Productivity in industry (PPP)Estimates: Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in industry, US$
3.1.07 · Workforce productivityWorkforce productivity is competitive by international standards
3.1 · Productivity & Efficiency
CROATIA
3.1.10 · Use of digital tools and technologiesCompanies are very good at using digital tools and technologies to improve performance
3.1.02 · Overall productivity (PPP) - real growthEstimates: Percentage change of GDP (PPP) per person employed
3.1.04 · Agricultural productivity (PPP)Estimates: Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in agriculture, US$
3.1.06 · Productivity in services (PPP)Estimates: Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in services, US$
3.2 · Labor Market
3 · Business Efficiency
3.1.09 · Small and medium-size enterprisesSmall and medium-size enterprises are efficient by international standards
EXTENDED COUNTRY PROFILE
3.1.08 · Large corporationsLarge corporations are efficient by international standards
3.2.05 · Remuneration spread
Total base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$
Remuneration of management / CEOTotal base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$
Remuneration in services professions / Sales AssistantGross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, in US$
Remuneration in services professions / Secretary / Personal Gross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, in US$
3.2.04 · Remuneration of management
Gross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, in US$
Remuneration in services professions / Primary school teacherGross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, in US$
Remuneration in services professions / Product ManagerGross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, in US$
3.2.03 · Remuneration in services professionsGross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, US$
Remuneration in services professions / Call center agentGross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, in US$
Remuneration in services professions / Nurse
3.2.01 · Compensation levelsTotal hourly compensation in manufacturing (wages + supplementary benefits), US$
3.2.02 · Unit labor costs for total economyPercentage change
Remuneration of management / EngineerTotal base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$
Remuneration of management / Human resources directorTotal base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$
Remuneration of management / Director manufacturingTotal base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$
13
1,824 1,838 32 2018
3.88 5.85 62 2019
- 11.29
2.93 5.03 62 2019
3.83 5.94 63 2019
1.81 41.32 54 2018
44.21 50.35 52 2018
-1.20 0.98 60 2018
-1.02 1.59 55 2018
3.73 14.17 49 2017
46.40 43.01 27 2018
3.83 14.71 33 2017
3.16 5.41 60 2019
3.83 6.27 62 2019
4.41 6.75 63 2019
1.74 4.88 62 2019
2.12 5.36 62 2019
3.50 5.61 62 2019
3.04 5.46 61 2019
4.35 6.24 59 2018
Value Average Rank Year
109.09 145.18 35 2018
2.53 3.39 28 2018
2,394 10,482 54 2018
86.14 82.69 34 2017
0.92 0.96 50 2017
4.81 6.09 55 2019
5.33 6.78 56 2019
3.16 5.54 58 2019
3.3 · Finance
3.2.99 · Labor relationsLabor relations are generally productive
3.2.24 · Competent senior managersCompetent senior managers are readily available
3.2.20 · Attracting and retaining talentsAttracting and retaining talents is a priority in companies
3.2.22 · Foreign highly-skilled personnelForeign highly-skilled personnel are attracted to your country's business environment
3.2.23 · International experienceInternational experience of senior managers is generally significant
3.2.21 · Brain drainBrain drain (well-educated and skilled people) does not hinder competitiveness in your economy
Percentage of total labor force
3.2.18 · Skilled laborSkilled labor is readily available
3.2.19 · Finance skillsFinance skills are readily available
3.2.17 · Foreign labor force
3.2.16 · Female labor forcePercentage of total labor force
3.2.15 · Part-time employmentPercentage of total employment
3.3.06 · Banking and financial servicesBanking and financial services do support business activities efficiently
3.3.07 · Regulatory compliance (banking laws)Regulatory compliance is sufficiently developed
3.2.14 · Labor force long-term growthEstimates: % of population, percentage change in 4 years
3.3.03 · Financial card transactionsUS$ per capita
3.3.05 · Access to financial services - gender ratioDifference between the female and male access to a bank account or mobile-money-service provider
3.2.12 · Labor force (%)Percentage of population
3.2.13 · Labor force growthPercentage change
3.3.08 · Stock marketsStock markets provide adequate financing to companies
3.2.07 · Worker motivationWorker motivation in companies is high
Employed and registered unemployed (millions)
Apprenticeships are sufficiently implemented
3.2.09 · Apprenticeships
3.2.10 · Employee trainingEmployee training is a high priority in companies
3.2.11 · Labor force
3.2.08 · Industrial disputesWorking days lost per 1,000 inhabitants per year (average 2015-2017)
3.3.04 · Access to financial servicesProportion of adults with a bank account or mobile-money-service provider
3.2.06 · Working hoursAverage number of working hours per year
3.3.02 · Financial cards in circulationNumber of cards per capita
Ratio of CEO to personal assistant remuneration
3.3.01 · Banking sector assetsPercentage of GDP
14
21.1 1,066.4 53 2018
34.77 79.72 38 2018
60 17,733 52 2018
155 707 36 2017
-6.58 6.10 60 2018
4.81 6.73 59 2019
4.2 2,955.1 56 2015
5.28 5.88 47 2019
3.16 5.13 57 2019
0.143 1.163 53 2017
3.80 5.85 58 2019
4.33 6.44 60 2018
3.82 5.93 58 2018
Value Average Rank Year
4.38 5.95 62 2019
5.36 6.58 60 2019
4.23 6.02 62 2019
3.62 6.03 63 2019
3.57 6.03 63 2019
5.09 7.16 63 2019
3.54 5.07 61 2019
4.99 6.88 63 2019
4.38 5.94 62 2019
3.51 5.84 62 2019
29.05 31.70 41 2017
19.00 18.25 24 2014
4.14 6.22 60 2018
Value Average Rank Year
3.80 6.37 62 2019
3.4 · Management Practices
3.3.15 · Initial Public Offerings
3.5 · Attitudes and Values
Social responsibility of business leaders is high
3.3.99 · Financial risk factorThe risk factor in the financial system (new financial instruments, non-performing loans, transparency) is adequately addressed
3.3.16 · Credit
3.3.99 · Finance and banking regulationFinance and banking regulation is sufficiently adequate
3.3.19 · Corporate debtCorporate debt does not restrain the ability of enterprises to compete
3.4.99 · Ethical practicesEthical practices are implemented in companies
3.3.18 · M&A ActivityDeals per listed company (average 2015-2017)
3.5.01 · Attitudes toward globalization
3.4.12 · Women on boardsBoardmembers of all companies analyzed by MSCI
3.3.17 · Venture capitalVenture capital is easily available for business
3.3.13 · Stock market index
3.3.14 · Shareholders' rightsShareholders' rights are sufficiently implemented
Female share of senior and middle management (% of management)
3.4.08 · Customer satisfactionCustomer satisfaction is emphasized in companies
By acquiror nation (average 2016-2018) US$ millions
3.4.07 · Use of big data and analyticsCompanies are very good at using big data and analytics to support decision-making
3.4.11 · Women in management
Attitudes toward globalization are generally positive in your society
Percentage change on index in national currency
3.3.12 · Listed domestic companies
Credit is easily available for business
Number of listed domestic companies
3.4.06 · Auditing and accounting practicesAuditing and accounting practices are adequately implemented in business
3.3.11 · Value traded on stock marketsUS$ per capita
3.4.05 · Corporate boardsCorporate boards do supervise the management of companies effectively
3.3.10 · Stock market capitalization (%)Percentage of GDP
US$ billions
3.4.03 · Opportunities and threatsCompanies are very good at responding quickly to opportunities and threats
3.4.04 · Credibility of managersCredibility of managers in society is strong
3.3.09 · Stock market capitalization ($bn)
3.4.01 · Agility of companiesCompanies are agile
3.4.02 · Changing market conditionsCompanies are generally extremely aware of changing market conditions
3.4.09 · EntrepreneurshipEntrepreneurship of managers is widespread in business
3.4.10 · Social responsibility
15
4.38 6.22 52 2019
4.35 6.68 63 2019
4.20 6.55 62 2019
3.74 5.79 61 2019
3.77 5.66 63 2019
3.54 6.16 62 2019
4.03 6.35 63 2018
3.5.04 · Flexibility and adaptabilityFlexibility and adaptability of people are high when faced with new challenges
3.5.02 · Image abroad or brandingThe image abroad of your country encourages business development
3.5.99 · Corporate valuesCorporate values take into account the values of employees
3.5.06 · Digital transformation in companiesDigital transformation in companies is generally well understood
3.5.05 · Need for economic and social reformsThe need for economic and social reforms is generally well understood
3.5.07 · Value systemThe value system in your society supports competitiveness
3.5.03 · National cultureThe national culture is open to foreign ideas
16
Value Average Rank Year
57 1,478 49 2018
2,262 3,111 29 2016
8,892 19,246 19 2014
7.74 8.00 44 2019
4.62 6.60 58 2019
4.09 83.80 54 2018
-0.85 0.79 62 2018
14.5 18.9 2018
20.0 14.3 2018
52.8 50.2 35 2018
0.52 1.22 38 2016
0.046 0.047 21 2017
2,058 62,185 55 2017
5.71 7.12 54 2019
6.32 7.07 46 2019
6.61 7.09 40 2019
4.42 178.96 54 2016
52.2 106.0 39 2016
7.05 125.73 10 2016
1.69 2.43 23 2016
0.150 0.103 48 2018
7.25 8.08 49 2018
4.82 5.97 48 2018
5.88 6.94 47 2018
Value Average Rank Year
0.85 0.47 4 2018
4.1 · Basic Infrastructure
4.2 · Technological Infrastructure
4.1.01 · Land areaSquare kilometers ('000)
4.1.02 · Arable areaSquare meters per capita
4.1.03 · Water resourcesTotal internal renewable per capita in cubic meters
4.1.05 · Management of citiesManagement of cities supports business development
4.1.07 · Population - growthPercentage change
EXTENDED COUNTRY PROFILE
CROATIA4 · Infrastructure
Estimates in millions
4.1.04 · Access to waterAccess to water is adequately ensured and managed
4.1.06 · Population - market size
Water transportation (harbors, canals, etc.) meets business requirements
4.1.99 · Maintenance and developmentMaintenance and development of infrastructure are adequately planned and financed
4.1.99 · Water transportation
4.1.99 · Access to commoditiesAccess to commodities (basic resources, food, etc.) is adequately addressed
4.1.19 · Total final energy consumptionMillions MTOE
4.1.20 · Total final energy consumption per capitaMTOE per capita
4.1.21 · Electricity costs for industrial clientsUS$ per kwh
Percentage of total requirements in tons of oil equivalent
4.1.16 · Energy infrastructureEnergy infrastructure is adequate and efficient
4.1.17 · Total indigenous energy productionMillions MTOE
4.1.18 · Total indigenous energy production (%)
Number of passengers carried by main companies, thousands
4.1.12 · RailroadsDensity of the network, km per square km
4.1.13 · Air transportation
4.1.14 · Quality of air transportationQuality of air transportation encourages business development
4.1.15 · Distribution infrastructureThe distribution infrastructure of goods and services is generally efficient
4.1.10 · Dependency ratioPopulation under 15 and over 64 years old, divided by active population (15 to 64 years)
4.1.11 · RoadsDensity of the network, km roads/square km land area
Percentage of total population
4.1.08 · Population under 15 yearsPercentage of total population
4.1.09 · Population over 65 years
4.2.01 · Investment in Telecommunications
17
86.7 75.4 25 2017
11.1 16.6 25 2017
6.84 7.71 49 2019
0.08 1.35 54 2017
540 713 42 2017
783 736 37 2017
329 369 41 2017
15.6 18.5 36 2018
5.35 6.91 57 2019
4.43 6.49 60 2019
3.71 5.96 61 2019
3.50 6.41 62 2019
3.77 5.88 57 2019
782 31,268 49 2017
7.45 13.58 46 2017
13.5 27.3 49 2017
4.38 5.80 56 2019
3.76 5.67 61 2018
Value Average Rank Year
477 25,527 53 2017
0.86 1.46 42 2017
115.7 557.5 42 2017
231 18,988 51 2017
0.42 0.97 42 2017
10.8 204.5 49 2017
2.62 4.57 38 2017
3.2 150.9 51 2017
0.77 2.78 43 2017
1.8 3.2 38 2016
4.3 · Scientific Infrastructure
4.2.99 · Technological cooperationTechnological cooperation between companies is developed
4.2.18 · Cyber securityCyber security is being adequately addressed by corporations
4.2.17 · ICT service exportsPercentage of service exports
4.2.13 · Development and application of technologyDevelopment and application of technology are supported by the legal environment
4.2.15 · High-tech exports ($)US$ millions
4.2.16 · High-tech exports (%)Percentage of manufactured exports
4.2.14 · Funding for technological developmentFunding for technological development is readily available
4.2.11 · Qualified engineersQualified engineers are available in your labor market
4.2.12 · Public-private partnershipsPublic and private sector ventures are supporting technological development
4.2.07 · Internet users
4.2.09 · Internet bandwidth speedAverage speed
4.2.10 · Digital/Technological skillsDigital/Technological skills are readily available
4.3.10 · Researchers in R&D per capitaFull-time work equivalent (FTE) per 1000 people
Number of internet users per 1000 people/ Source: Computer Industry Almanac
4.2.08 · Broadband subscribersNumber of subscriptions per 1000 inhabitants
4.2.04 · Communications technologyCommunications technology (voice and data) meets business requirements
4.2.05 · Computers in useWorldwide share/ Source: Computer Industry Almanac
4.2.06 · Computers per capitaNumber of computers per 1000 people/ Source: Computer Industry Almanac
4.2.03 · Mobile Telephone costsMonthly Blended Average Revenue per User
4.3.09 · Total R&D personnel in business per capitaFull-time work equivalent (FTE) per 1000 people
Percentage of GDP
4.2.02 · Mobile Broadband subscribers3G & 4G market, % of mobile market
4.3.07 · Total R&D personnel per capitaFull-time work equivalent (FTE) per 1000 people
4.3.08 · Total R&D personnel in business enterpriseFull-time work equivalent (FTE thousands)
4.3.06 · Total R&D personnelFull-time work equivalent (FTE thousands)
4.3.05 · Business expenditure on R&D (%)Percentage of GDP
4.3.01 · Total expenditure on R&D ($)US$ millions
4.3.02 · Total expenditure on R&D (%)Percentage of GDP
4.3.03 · Total expenditure on R&D per capita ($)US$ per capita
4.3.04 · Business expenditure on R&D ($)US$ millions
18
31.90 34.67 44 2014
4,056 34,843 47 2016
0 9 29 2018
0.00 0.19 29 2018
280 51,847 56 2017
6.79 82.67 45 2017
65 22,349 59 2017
11.5 341.1 46 2017
29.94 37.98 42 2015
3.77 5.85 59 2019
4.49 6.53 60 2019
2.84 5.34 61 2019
3.44 5.72 61 2018
2.58 4.86 55 2018
3.00 5.42 56 2018
Value Average Rank Year
7.2 7.4 32 2016
888 2,339 42 2016
78.25 66.07 18 2016
4.09 5.72 44 2019
69 74 49 2015
77.8 78.2 34 2017
69.3 69.5 32 2018
4.6 8.2 31 2017
28 2016
158.12 209.15 2016
308.20 485.47 2016
60 76 2018
0.831 0.851 42 2017
136 127 44 2016
4.4 · Health and Environment
4.3.99 · Scientific researchScientific research (public and private) is high by international standards
4.3.99 · Researchers and scientistsResearchers and scientists are attracted to your country
4.3.20 · Scientific research legislation
4.3.22 · Knowledge transferKnowledge transfer is highly developed between companies and universities
4.3.99 · Innovative capacityInnovative capacity of firms (to generate new products, processes and/or services) is high in your economy
4.3.19 · Medium- and high-tech value added
Intellectual property rights are adequately enforced
4.3.21 · Intellectual property rightsLaws relating to scientific research do encourage innovation
4.3.17 · Patent grantsNumber of patents granted by applicant's origin (average 2014-2016)
4.3.18 · Number of patents in forceby applicant's origin, per 100,000 inhabitants
4.3.16 · Patent applications per capitaNumber of applications filed by applicant's origin, per 100,000 inhabitants
4.3.15 · Patent applicationsNumber of applications filed by applicant's origin
4.3.13 · Nobel prizesAwarded in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine and economics since 1950
4.3.14 · Nobel prizes per capitaAwarded in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine and economics since 1950 per million people
Proportion of total manufacturing value added, expressed as a percentage
4.3.12 · Scientific articlesScientific articles published by origin of author
4.3.11 · Science degreesPercentage of total first university degrees in science and engineering
4.4.12 · Energy intensity
4.4.06 · Life expectancy at birthAverage estimate
Percentage of total health expenditure
4.4.04 · Health infrastructureHealth infrastructure meets the needs of society
4.4.05 · Universal health care covereage indexIndex (0-80) measuring coverage of essential health services
4.4.01 · Total health expenditurePercentage of GDP
4.4.02 · Total health expenditure per capitaUS$ per capita
4.4.03 · Public expenditure on health (%)
Combines economic - social - educational indicators/ Source: Human Development Report
4.4.07 · Healthy life expectancyAverage estimate
4.4.08 · Infant mortalityUnder five mortality rate per 1000 live births
4.4.09 · Medical assistanceNumber of inhabitants per physician and per nurse
Medical assistance / Per nurseNumber of inhabitants per physician and per nurse
Medical assistance / Per physicianNumber of inhabitants per physician and per nurse
4.4.10 · Urban populationPercentage of total population
4.4.11 · Human development index
19
46.0 76.7 44 2017
13.18 41.11 18 2015
15.9 448.2 7 2016
308.0 440.1 30 2016
17.66 20.11 40 2016
23.6 15.9 16 2016
0.1 1.4 32 2015
3.01 3.96 23 2015
3.8 5.4 20 2015
-0.78 -1.44 23 2015
0.02 1.59 50 2015
91.67 83.39 17 2015
3.71 6.08 62 2019
5.15 5.77 42 2019
5.18 6.22 54 2019
5.33 6.70 44 2019
Value Average Rank Year
4.7 4.6 29 2017
631 1,418 42 2017
22.6 21.1 22 2016
3,066 6,115 40 2016
10.50 16.25 4 2016
8.80 13.79 6 2016
90.8 89.5 35 2016
32.8 41.6 43 2016
56.5 37.9 5 2017
0.17 3.14 55 2016
2.17 2.42 18 2017
470 476 36 2015
4.5 · Education
4.4.20 · Total biocapacityGlobal hectares per capita of biologically productive space
4.4.21 · Ecological footprint
Share of renewables in total energy requirements, %
4.4.16 · CO2 emissions intensity
4.4.15 · CO2 emissionsMetric tons of carbon dioxide from fuel combustion
4.4.17 · Exposure to particle pollutionMean population exposure to PM2.5, Micrograms per cubic metre
4.4.18 · Renewable energies (%)
4.5.12 · Educational assessment - PISAPISA survey of 15-year olds
4.5.11 · Student mobility outboundNational tertiary-level students studying abroad per 1000 inhabitants
4.5.09 · Women with degreesShare of women who have a degree in the population 25-65
4.5.10 · Student mobility inboundForeign tertiary-level students per 1000 inhabitants
Total energy consumed for each 1000 US$ of GDP in MTOE
4.4.13 · Waste water treatment plantsPercentage of population served
4.5.08 · Higher education achievementPercentage of population that has attained at least tertiary education for persons 25-34
4.5.07 · Secondary school enrollmentPercentage of relevant age group receiving full-time education
4.4.27 · Environmental lawsEnvironmental laws and compliance do not hinder the competitiveness of businesses
4.4.28 · Quality of lifeQuality of life is high
4.5.06 · Pupil-teacher ratio (secondary education)Ratio of students to teaching staff
4.5.01 · Total public expenditure on educationPercentage of GDP
4.5.02 · Total public expenditure on education per capitaUS$ per capita
4.4.26 · Pollution problemsPollution problems do not seriously affect your economy
4.5.04 · Total public expenditure on education per studentSpending per enrolled pupil/student, all levels
4.5.05 · Pupil-teacher ratio (primary education)Ratio of students to teaching staff
4.4.25 · Sustainable developmentSustainable development is a priority in companies
4.5.03 · Gov. expenditure on education per studentPercentage of GDP per capita (secondary education)
Global hectares per person
4.4.19 · Forest area growthFive year percentage change of hectares
CO2 emissions from fuel combustion in metric tons per one million US$ of GDP
4.4.14 · Water consumption intensityWater withdrawal for each 1000 US$ of GDP in cubic meters
4.4.23 · Environment-related technologiesDevelopment of environment-related technologies, % inventions worldwide
4.4.24 · Environmental agreementsMultilateral agreements on hazardous waste, proportion fulfilled
4.4.22 · Ecological balance (reserve/deficit)Total biocapacity minus total footprint in global hectares per capita
20
464 475 2015
475 478 2015
90 89 30 2017
3.71 6.00 57 2019
4.32 6.29 56 2019
4.00 6.31 60 2019
8.38 31.72 46 2018
1.0 2.7 1 2016
6.29 6.31 35 2019
3.25 5.62 55 2018
3.13 5.34 56 20184.5.99 · Science in schoolsScience in schools is sufficiently emphasized
4.5.99 · Educational systemThe educational system meets the needs of a competitive economy
4.5.19 · Language skillsLanguage skills are meeting the needs of enterprises
4.5.17 · University education indexCountry score calculated from Times Higher Education univesity ranking
4.5.18 · IlliteracyAdult (over 15 years) illiteracy rate as a percentage of population
4.5.16 · Management educationManagement education meets the needs of the business community
4.5.15 · University educationUniversity education meets the needs of a competitive economy
4.5.14 · Primary and secondary educationPrimary and secondary education meets the needs of a competitive economy
Educational assessment - PISA / SciencesPISA survey of 15-year olds
4.5.13 · English proficiency - TOEFLTOEFL scores
Educational assessment - PISA / MathematicsPISA survey of 15-year olds
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