COUNSELING 17 November 2012. What is counseling? Is a process that psychologically empowers...
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COUNSELING 17 November 2012. What is counseling? Is a process that psychologically empowers individuals to seize back control of their lives, while working
What is counseling? Is a process that psychologically empowers
individuals to seize back control of their lives, while working
through issues and problems that cause them to lose self-esteem, as
well as confidence in their own abilities. Counseling increases
self awareness and a sense of well-being, and is often the first
step individuals take on their path to a more positive life
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INDIVIDUAL(s) ISSUES AND PROBLEMS LOSS OF CONFIDENCE LOSS OF
SELF- ESTEEM LOSS OF SELF CONTROL REGAIN SELF-CONTROL empowerment
PROCESS
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What is counseling? Professional guidance of the individual
through psychological methods; collecting case-history data, using
various techniques of personal interview, testing interests and
interviews Generally orients the individual to towards
opportunities to guarantee achievement of goals and aspirations
Usually attempts to clarify individuals own thinking rather than
solve his problems
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What is counseling? THERAPY ADVISING ANALYSIS TREATMENT
ADVOCATING RECOMMENDING DIRECTING ENCOURAGING
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What counseling is NOT It is not the magic answer to all of
lifes problems; rather a mechanism to help individuals cope with
difficult, personal situations Not a filling-in time activity for
people perceived to be crazy because of their difficulty to cope
with possible extreme emotional situations It is not an emotional
crutch; nor a stand-alone solution. Time and effort still have to
exercised by the individual toward creating emotional improvements
Counseling is not advising. It is a supportive advice in which the
individual (client) is allowed to gain better understanding of self
by self- exploration of issues
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COUNSELING vs. ADVISING COUNSELINGADVISING GOAL To promote
self-understanding, learning, self-reliance and personal growth To
solve a problem as soon as possible, if possible immediately
METHODS We use various counseling techniques to meet individuals
needs and problems Tells the individual what the problem is and how
it can be resolved or tells him/her what to do because the adviser
is someone in authority OUTCOMES Encourage the individual to have
faith in him/herself and ability to solve problems; promotes self-
confidence, self-reliance and self- realization Encourages
dependency on others, diminishes self-reliance and self-
confidence, avoids responsibility and therefore stunts personal
growth and self-realization
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COUNSELING vs. COACHING Coaching is primarily task-oriented; of
counseling is person- oriented. Counseling may include goals for
both performance and growth as a person, coaching is basically
data-oriented. Coaching is generally directed to work performance
while counseling is both cognitive (thinking) and affective
(feeling). Strong involvement of the coach in coaching; involvement
of the counselor is oftentimes limited to asking process questions.
The session is usually initiated by the coach; in counseling
wherein the session may be initiated by the counselor or the
counselee.
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COUNSELOR Isaiah 9:6For unto us a child is born, unto us a son
is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his
name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor 1, The mighty God, The
everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace. yaw-ats' A primitive root;
to advise; reflexively to deliberate or resolve: - advertise, take
advice, advise (well), consult, (give take) counsel (-lor),
determine, devise, guide, purpose.
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ROLES OF THE COUNSELOR 1.PARA-PROFESSIONALS AS PEER SUPPORT
2.OFFERS CHALLENGING IDEAS 3.HELPS BUILD CONFIDENCE 4.OFFERS
FRIENDSHIP 5.LISTENS TO PERSONAL PROBLEMS 6.STANDS BY THEIR MENTORS
IN CRITICAL SITUATIONS 7.OFFERS WISE CHOICES 8.TRIGGERS SELF-
AWARENESS 9.INSPIRE THEIR MENTORS 10.SHARES CRITICAL KNOWLEDGE IF
SOLICITED 11.OFFER ENCOURAGEMENT
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ETHICS OF COUNSELING COMPETENCY & COMMITMENT
CONFIDENTIALITY RESPONSIBILITY CLIENT-COUNSELOR RELATIONSHIP
Obligation to extend help Ears only, Eyes only of disclosed
information Referrals of cases to other helping professionals
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Counseling Hazard OR IS IT COUNSELORS HAZARD?
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Too much pre-occupation/concern with the counselee his/her
problems and needs Identifying closely by carrying the problem as
if it is the counselors own problem Losing sleep wondering about
the counselees decision or response to problems Going out of the
ordinary ways to help the client OVERINVOLVEMENT (signs)
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Objectivity is lost; and counselor becomes an ineffective agent
Facilitator assumes responsibility and deprives the counselee of
learning and growing on his/her own May even pose a danger to the
counselors well being OVERINVOLVEMENT (dangers)
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Self assessment ego, motives A more detached and objective
stand towards the counselee and the problem Always assess your
facilitation goals and objectives Encourage counselee to assume
his/her roles and responsibilities outside the facilitating
sessions Be emphatic but do not lose the AS IF attitude Be honest,
if you cant help make a referral OVERINVOLVEMENT (How does one
handle it?)
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1)relationship 2)setting 3)techniques 4)adjustments 5)feedback
5 ESSENTIALS OF COUNSELING
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1 THE HEART OF COUNSELING IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE
COUNSELEE AND THE COUNSELOR RELATIONSHIP
3 COUNSELLING TECHNIQUES LISTEN ACTIVELY SUGGEST DONT IMPOSE
ENCOURAGE DONT PUSH REINFORCING OR REWARDING MODELING AND
ROLE-PLAYING OBSERVING & DESCRIBING BEHAVIOR
SUMMARIZE/INTEGRAGE DO NOT CONCLUDE
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4 ACTUAL ADJUSTMENTS SUPPORT COACHING (RE-ORIENTATION, NEW
SKILLS) PSYCHOTHERAPY
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DID THE COUNSELING SESSION OR THE TECHNIQUE APPLIED REALLY
WORKED? NEED FOR FOLLOW-UP SESSIONS? PERHAPS A NEW SETTING? ANOTHER
COUNSELOR? REFERRAL? THE FOLLOW-UP 5
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WHO SAID THAT? SUCCESSFUL COUNSELORS ARE NEVER TECHNICIANS,
THEY ARE FUNDAMENTALLY REASONABLE PEOPLE. Rev. Jaime Bulatao THE
SUCCESS OF COUNSELING DEPENDS NOT SO MUCH ON THE COUNSELORS
ORIENTATION OR TECHNIQUE, BUT ON HIS OR HER MATURITY. Maureen
McCarthy THE POWER OF COUNSELING IS IN THE KIND OF RELATIONSHIP
EXPERIENCED BY THE CLIENT. THIS KIND OF RELATIONSHIP NATURALLY
FLOWS FROM THE PERSONALITY OF THE COUNSELOR. COUNSELING IS NOT A
BAG OF TECHNIQUES. COUNSELING IS A HUMAN ENCOUNTER, A HUMAN
RELATIONSHIP Adrian Van Kaam
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THE EFFECTIVE COUNSELOR 1)Psychological maturity & moral
integrity 2)High level of common sense & good judgment
3)Genuine interest and being for people 4)Respect for the worth of
an individual and faith in him/her 5)Sensitivity to thoughts,
feelings of people & situations theyre in 6)Open-minded,
tolerant and flexible 7)Sincerity in attitudes and actions
8)Friendly, warm, accepting and emphatic 9)Objectivity in judgment
and interpretation 10)Sense of humor
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Something to keep in MIND TRUSTWORTHY OPEN-MINDED RESPECT FOR
THE WORTH OF THE PERSON ACCEPTANCE SENSITIVITY/SINCERITY
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Not truly concerned with the needs of others Pre-occupied with
own problems and concerns Insecure or just too lazy to be bothered
Prejudiced/biased Selective listening, we hear only what we want to
hear LISTENING why cant WE
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Sit closely to the person in an accepting and respectful manner
Lean towards the person Nod head occasionally to indicate
affirmation Smile at times Look bright and alive Talk in moderation
How to be the EFFECTIVE LISTENER
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S-SIT O-OPEN (eyes and mind) L-LEAN (but not too much)
E-EMPATHIZE R-RESPECT PRACTICE SOLER
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EMPATHY and SYMPATHY
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HELPING BEHAVIORS VERBAL USE SIMPLE WORDS REFLECT AND CLARIFY
ENCOURAGE USE VERBAL REINFORCERS GIVE INFORMATION SENSE OF HUMOR
NON-JUDGEMENTAL ACCEPTING RESPECTFUL SHARING/CARING NON-VERBAL
PLEASANT TONE OF VOICE EYE CONTACT OCCASIONAL NODING OF HEAD FACIAL
ANIMATION CLOSE PHYSICAL PROXIMITY MODERAT RATE OF SPEECH ACTIVE
LISTENING
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DONTs SNEER FROWN YAWN POINT FINGER SIT FAR APART JUDGE ARGUE
CRITICIZE INTERPRET CONDEMN MAKE PUT-DOWN AND RUDE REMARKS
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1.AN INTERVIEW IS A CONVERSATION WITH A PURPOSE 2.BE NATURAL,
BE YOURSELF 3.MEET THE COUNSELEE AS PLEASANTLY AS POSSIBLE but
without too much EMOTION 4.TAKE TIME AT THE BEGINNING OF THE
INTERVIEW TO PUT YOUR CLIENT AT EASE 5.BE A GOOD LISTENER. TALK
ONLY WHEN NECESSARY 6.END AN INTERVIEW WITH A CONSTRUCTION NOTE
CONDUCTING INTERVIEWS
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SKILLDESCRIPTIONS FUNCTIONING INTERVIEW OPEN QUESTIONS WHAT?
Draws out facts HOW? Probe out feelings WHY? Re asses COULD? Gets
picture Questions can be used to bring out major data and
facilitate conversations CLOSED QUESTIONS Usually begins with DO,
IS and ARE, and can be answered in a few words Can quickly obtain
specific data; close off lengthy answers ENCOURAGER Repeating back
to the counselee a few of his main words Encourage detailed
elaboration of the specific words and their meanings INTERVIEW TIPS
(1/2)
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SKILLDESCRIPTIONS FUNCTIONING INTERVIEW PARAPHRASE Repeating
back the essence of a Counselees words and thoughts using the
Counselees own main words Act as a promoter for discussion; shows
understanding; checks on clarity of Counselors own understanding
REFLECTION OF FEELING Selective attention to emotional content of
interview Results clarification of emotion, underlying key facts;
promotes discussion of feelings SUMMARIZATION Repeating back of
Counselees facts and feelings (and reasons) to counselee in an
organized form Useful in beginning interview, periodically in
session to clarify where the interview has come to date, and to
close the session INTERVIEW TIPS (2/2)
