Cost/Performance PanelP. M. Grant

1 April 1998

HTS/LTSFor HEP

II

Cost/Performance Panel

Paul M. Grant

EPRI

HTS/LTS for HEP II

Napa, California

30 March - 1 April 1998

Cost/Performance PanelP. M. Grant

1 April 1998

HTS/LTSFor HEP

II

What’s Needed?A Spec Sheet for HTS Wire!A Spec Sheet for HTS Wire!

V = f(I,T,B,,,A,l,,),

where V = voltage drop per unit length,I = current,T = temperature, B = magnetic field, = crystallographic orientation, = frequency,A = cross-sectional area,l = wire length, = stress, = strain.

C/P $/I×l = g (V,T,B,,,A,l,,).

Cost/Performance PanelP. M. Grant

1 April 1998

HTS/LTSFor HEP

II Malozemoff’s LawASC Short Rolled Multifilament

(Bi,Pb)-2223/Ag

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Year

Jc

(A

/cm

^2

, 7

7 K

, 0

T)

Cost/Performance PanelP. M. Grant

1 April 1998

HTS/LTSFor HEP

II IGC BSCCO

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

Jan-94 Mar-94 May-94 Jun-94 Aug-94 Oct-94 Nov-94 Jan-95 Dec-95

IGC/ANLPROGRESS IN FABRICATION OFLONG-LENGTH CONDUCTORS

Ove

rall

Cri

tical

Cur

rent

Den

sity

(Jo

) at 7

7K

Cost/Performance PanelP. M. Grant

1 April 1998

HTS/LTSFor HEP

II “The SokPlot”

1000 100 10 1 0.11

10

100

1000

10000

Y-123 IBAD

EURUS

Bi-222377K, 0TSiemensTarget

Bi-222377K, 0TNKT Target

"Sokolowski Plot" of HTSC Wire Performance and Cost

NbTi4.2K, 2T

Bi-22124.2K, 0TIGC

Nb3Sn

4.2K, 12-15 T

Bi-222377K, 0TIGC

$1,000

$100$10 $1 /kAm

Op

erat

ing

Cu

rren

t, Ic

(A

)

Cost ($/m)

Cost/Performance PanelP. M. Grant

1 April 1998

HTS/LTSFor HEP

II

3/98 DOE Handout????

10

100

1

1,000

10,000

$/kA×m

Cost/Performance PanelP. M. Grant

1 April 1998

HTS/LTSFor HEP

II

• Assumptions/Costs– Tape Dimensions: 5 mm 0.5 mm– 50% HTSC Fill Factor

– IC = 100 A

– Ag Cost = $0.153/gm ($4.75/troy oz)

• Ag C/P = $20/kA×m

BSCCO OPIT/Ag :Ag Component, C/P

Cost/Performance PanelP. M. Grant

1 April 1998

HTS/LTSFor HEP

II Warren Buffet Effect

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0$/troy oz

8/97 9/97 10/97 11/97 12/97 1/98 2/98 3/98 4/98

Month

May ‘98 Silver Futures-----------

Past 8 Months

Cost/Performance PanelP. M. Grant

1 April 1998

HTS/LTSFor HEP

II

• Assumptions/Costs– Tape Dimensions: 5 mm 0.5 mm– 50% HTSC Fill Factor

– IC = 100 A

– Ag Cost = $0.217/gm ($6.75/troy oz)

• Ag C/P = $20/kA×m $28.5/kA×m

BSCCO OPIT/Ag :Ag Component, C/P

Cost/Performance PanelP. M. Grant

1 April 1998

HTS/LTSFor HEP

II Malozemoff’s LawASC Short Rolled Multifilament

(Bi,Pb)-2223/Ag

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Year

Jc

(A

/cm

^2

, 7

7 K

, 0

T)

Cost/Performance PanelP. M. Grant

1 April 1998

HTS/LTSFor HEP

II

Polarized Micrograph

Magneto-Optic Image

JC Paths> 3.6 > 3.6 10 1055 A/cm A/cm22

> 2.6 > 2.6 10 1055 A/cm A/cm22

> 1.6 > 1.6 10 1055 A/cm A/cm22

> 0> 0 A/cm A/cm22

JC Paths in BSCCO OPIT/Ag

Cost/Performance PanelP. M. Grant

1 April 1998

HTS/LTSFor HEP

II As Good As It GetsASC Short Rolled Multifilament

(Bi,Pb)-2223/Ag

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Year

Jc (

A/c

m^

2, 7

7 K

, 0

T)

Slope = 9211 A/cm^2/yr

Cost/Performance PanelP. M. Grant

1 April 1998

HTS/LTSFor HEP

II Best

Best Scenario: ASC Performance

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Year

C/P

($/

kA.m

, 77

K,

0 T

)

Width (mm) 5 Ag ($/t-oz) BSCCO ($/cc)"L&O" ($/m)

Thick (mm) 0.5 4.75 0.34 1.108

HTSC (%) 50%

Ag BSCCO "L&O" Total

Cost ($/m) 1.645875 0.425 1.108 3.178875

Cost/Performance PanelP. M. Grant

1 April 1998

HTS/LTSFor HEP

II WorstWidth (mm) 5 Ag ($/t-oz) BSCCO ($/cc)"L&O" ($/m)

Thick (mm) 0.5 6.75 1.37 5.54

HTSC (%) 25%

Ag BSCCO "L&O" Total

Cost ($/m) 3.5083125 0.85625 5.54 9.9045625

Worst Scenario: ASC Performance

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Year

C/P

($/

kA.m

, 77

K,

0 T

)

Cost/Performance PanelP. M. Grant

1 April 1998

HTS/LTSFor HEP

II

BSCCO OPIT/Ag Tape: E-J Characteristic

Typical E vs J Power Law

0.0E+00

5.0E-06

1.0E-05

1.5E-05

2.0E-05

0 25000 50000 75000

J (A/cm^2)

E (

V/c

m)

E = aJn

n = 15

T = 77 K

E = 1 V/cm

Cost/Performance PanelP. M. Grant

1 April 1998

HTS/LTSFor HEP

II JC(B,T) for BSCCO

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.008.00 9.00

10.00

85

70

50200

1

2

3

4

5

6

Jc(B

,T)/J

c(0,

77)

B(T)

T(K)

ASC Bi-2223 OPIT TapeNormalized Jc, B||ab

85777064503520

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.008.00

9.0010.00

2050

70

85

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Jc(B

,T)/J

c(0,

77)

B(T)

T(K)

ASC Bi-2223 OPIT TapeNormalized Jc, B||c

20355064707785

Cost/Performance PanelP. M. Grant

1 April 1998

HTS/LTSFor HEP

II

Derating Factors:C/P Multipliers

(ASC)• 1 µV/cm Derating @ 77 K 1.2• 0.1 T Field 1.8 1.15 (B ab)• 1 km Length 3.0 1.05• ac Operation 2.5• Profit (???) 1.3

Accumulated Multiplier 21 ! 4.7

Cost/Performance PanelP. M. Grant

1 April 1998

HTS/LTSFor HEP

II

Wire C/P Market Entry Thresholds

Time

C/P

($/

kA

×m

) Substation Elimination

SMES/FCL/Transformers

70% New UG Cables

Cost/Performance PanelP. M. Grant

1 April 1998

HTS/LTSFor HEP

II

What’s Needed?A Spec Sheet for HTS Wire!A Spec Sheet for HTS Wire!

V = f(I,T,B,,,A,l,,),

where V = voltage drop per unit length,I = current,T = temperature, B = magnetic field, = crystallographic orientation, = frequency,A = cross-sectional area,l = wire length, = stress, = strain.

C/P $/I×l = g (V,T,B,,,A,l,,).