Costal Zone Management Plan Trivandrum (New 2014)

7/27/2019 Costal Zone Management Plan Trivandrum (New 2014)

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COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PLAN OF THIRUVANANTHAPURAM

DISTRICT, KERALA(As per CRZ Notification 2011 in 1: 25000 scale)

Prepared for


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COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PLAN OF THIRUVANANTHAPURAM DISTRICT,KERALA

(As per CRZ Notification 2011 in 1: 25000 scale)

Prepared for

Kerala State Council for Science Technology and EnvironmentGovt. of Kerala


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PROJECT TEAM

Dr. K.V. Thomas - Principal Investigator

Dr. D. S. Suresh Babu - Co Principal Investigator

Dr. K. Raju

B. K. Jayaprasad

D. Raju

S. Mohanan

M.K. Sreeraj

M.K. Rafeeque

Project Staff

K. C. Vimal - Project Scientist/Senior Research Fellow

M. Rameshan - Project Scientist

Abhi Aravind - Senior Research Fellow

T. Neelima - Senior Research Fellow

R. V. Viji - Junior Research Fellow

T. J. Arun - Junior Research Fellow

C. Anoop - Technical Assistant

R. Swaraj - Technical Assistant

Muhammed Asif - Technical Assistant

P. T. Arun - Technical Assistant

Dileep Roy - Technical Assistant

Robert Thampi - Technical Assistant

Y d B l h d T h i l A i t t


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CONTENTS

Page Number

I. Introduction 1

II. CRZof Kerala 1

III. Coastal Zone Management Plans 2

IV. CZMP in1:25000 scale 3

1.

High Tide Line 3

2. Low Tide Line 4

3.

Setback lines 4

3.1.Setback line for CRZ II 5

4.

Influence of Tidal action 5

5.

Different approaches to demarcate HTL 5

5.1. HTL using morphological signatures 5

5.2 Field method 6

6.

100, 200 & 500 m lines 7

7. HTL demarcation in the field and CRZ map generation 8

7.1 CRZ/CZM map in 1:25000 8

7.2 CRZ/CZM map in 1:4000 9

7.3Base maps 9

8. Field mapping and map generation 9

8.1 Use of Remote sensing data for HTL 11

8.2 LTL delineation 11

9. CZMP/CRZ map of Thiruvananthapuram in 1:25000 scale 11

9 1 Data Sources 12


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National Centre for Earth Science Studies, Thi ruvananthapuram

Coastal Zone Management Plan (CZMP) of Thiruvananthapuram District in 1:25000

I. Introduction

Damages to coastal zone and the impact of coastal hazards to coastal communities and

properties, to a certain extent, can be controlled by regulating high impact activities in thecoastal zone. It was with this objective the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification

(MoEF, 2011; 1991) was introduced in the country. The Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ)

notification of 2011 has made it mandatory for the State to prepare Coastal Zone

Management Plan (CZMP) as per the guidelines in the notification and get it approved by the

Govt of India. Accordingly the preparation of the CZMP has been entrusted with the

National Centre for Earth Science Studies (vide reference STED S.O (M.S) No.

02/2014/STED dt. 10.03.14 and Council (P) Order No. 35/2014/KSCSTE dt.30.04.2014)

Coastal Zone Management Plan (CZMP) for Thiruvananthapuram district has been prepared

as part of the study.

II.

CRZ of Kerala

CRZ (2011) notification (para 7 (V) A(ii)) has approved a special status for Kerala coastal

zone as areas requiring special consideration for the purpose of protecting the critical

coastal environment and difficulties faced by local communities.

1. To facilitate the above requirement, the CRZ of Kerala has been categorized under

Category V (CRZ V) within which CRZ I, CRZ II, CRZ III and CRZ IV aredefined.

2.

While detailing the Norms for regulation of activities permissible under this

notification it is mentioned under (para 8 (V) 2) that in view of the unique coastal


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(iii) within 50m from the HTL of these backwater islands existing dwelling units

of local communities may be repaired or reconstructed however no new

construction shall be permitted;

(iv)

beyond 50mts from the HTL on the landward side of backwater islands,

dwelling units of local communities may be constructed with the prior

permission of the Gram panchayat;

(v)foreshore facilities such as fishing jetty, fish drying yards, net mending yard,

fishing processing by traditional methods, boat building yards, ice plant, boat

repairs and the like, may be taken up within 50m width from HTL of these

backwater islands.

3.

Under Guidelines for preparation of Coastal Zone Management Plans in

Annexure I(II)12, it has been directed that In the CRZ V areas the land-use map shall

be superimposed on the Coastal Zone Management Plan and clearly demarcating the

CRZ I, II, III, IV.

The fisher people are confined to a very narrow stretch of 50 to 100m from the HTL and

belong to ecosystem peoplewho require the coastal zone for their settlement requirements

and livelihood related activities. Considering the livelihood requirements of the ecosystem

people, the high density of coastal population, unique style of their livelihood activities, the

CZMP have to project the various requirements to address the difficulties faced by local

communities.

III. Coastal Zone Management Plans

The CRZ provides a spatial planning framework for Coastal Zone Management Plans which


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1. CZMP consisting of CRZ maps in 1:25000 scale with Survey of India toposheets as

base maps.

2. CZMP consisting of CRZ maps in 1:4000 scale with cadastral maps as base maps.

The approach followed is:

i.

Generation of data in 1:4000 scale on HTL, LTL and eco-morphological systems

relevant for CRZ.

ii.

Demarcation of HTL, LTL, ecosystems and morphology relevant for CRZ in

1:25,000.

iii. Demarcation of HTL, LTL, ecosystems and morphology relevant for CRZ in 1:4,000

scale.

iv. Preparation of CZMP maps consisting of CRZ maps in 1:25000 scale.

v.

Preparation of Local Level CZMP maps in 1:4000 cadastral scale.

The CZMP/CRZ maps in 1:25000 scale with Survey of India toposheets as base maps are

required for formulating policy decisions. These are to be submitted to MoEF, Govt of India

for approval after stakeholder/public consultations. The local level CRZ/CZMP are prepared

in 1:4000 with cadastral base maps and based on the approved CZMP.

Local level data in cadastral scale has been generated initially which is being used for

preparing the 1;25000 CZMP on toposheet base maps. The same is used for local level

CRZ/CZMP maps.

IV. CZMP in 1:25000 scale

The present study and report provide the CZMP in 1:25000 scale.

1. High Tide Line

Different tide levels like Mean High Water Springs Mean Low Water Springs Lowest


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the usual definitions for the HTL (Menon, 1993). The HTL demarcated in this case for Goa

was found to be in the sea during the next monsoon.

A functional HTL is defined in the CRZ notification with the sole objective of protecting a

given stretch of coastal strip from environmental degradation. Hence an approach different

from the ones followed for navigational purpose, is necessary for demarcating HTL, in tune

with the definition given in the Notification.

The HTL is defined for the purpose of the notification asthe line on the land upto which

the highest waterline reaches during the spring tide which is different from the well known

and widely accepted definition of High Tide Level. The above definition of HTL takes into

consideration not only the level of inundation due to maximum tide (spring tide) but also the

wave set up (having a seasonal periodicity). The sea level thus formed due to the combined

effect of spring tide and wave set up gives the line of maximum reach of water on the land.

There is a similarity between the HTL thus defined and the High Water Line (HWL) given in

Survey of India (SoI) toposheets. Both are lines drawn on the land. But the HWL and HTL

are different that the former gives the fair season shoreline (because SoI field mapping is

conducted during non-rainy season) during spring tide while the latter accommodates the

rough season (monsoon) shoreline oscillations due to monsoon wave set up in addition to

spring tide inundation.

2. Low Tide Line

Unlike the HTL the Low Tide Line (LTL) has not been defined for CRZ. The HTL requiredspecific definition since the 100, 200 and 500m setback lines are defined with respect to the

HTL. The conventional definition of lowest low water level and the resultant low water line


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3.1.Setback line for CRZ II

For urban areas like Thiruvananthapuram Corporation in which developed areas are eligible

to be categorized as CRZ II, the setback lines are different. Those prohibited activities listed

under para 3 in the CRZ notification (2011) are applicable for the entire CRZ including

CRZ II. Other construction activities are permitted in CRZ II landward of existing buildings

or existing or approved roads. The word existing and approved are specifically definedin the notification.

4. Influence of Tidal action

The distance up to which CRZ is applicable upstream of estuaries, creeks, backwaters and

lagoons depends on the extent of tidal influence. The distance up to which tidal influence is

experienced is dependent on salinity concentration: if it is 5 ppt or more (during the driest

month) the water body is considered to be influenced by tidal action (MoEF, 2011). Salinity

measurements are carried out during the driest month (usually during March-April) to

determine the limit. Tidal barrages and bunds constructed are also taken as the limit of tidal

influence.

5. Different approaches to demarcate HTL

The highest level horizontal positional and spatial accuracy in mapping and presenting the

HTL becomes necessary for field uses by CRZ implementing agencies. The agencies are

looking for a planimetric accuracy approaching zero error.

The different approaches now practiced in the country to demarcate the HTL are:

tide level projection

i h l i l i t


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morphology. Shoreline remains stable and would not retreat significantly along cliffy coasts.

The shoreline retreats up to the cliff base along pocket beaches. Artificial morphologies like

seawalls confine the oscillation of shoreline along the line of the structure itself. Sandy

beaches are prone to seasonal and long term shoreline oscillation. Long term stability of the

beach and the position of the stable part of the beach would be evident from morphological

signatures such as berm and berm crest.

This could be done by field methods and using satellite data.

5.2.Field method

The HTL has to be fixed with respect to certain reference points on the land. These reference

points at sufficiently close intervals (preferably at least 1km alongshore) have to be marked

with respect to latitude-longitude and known points in the base map. Geomorphologic

features like berm crest, cliff, headland, line of permanent vegetation, etc are indicators of the

reach of sea water into the land. Stable coastal protective structures like seawall also limit the

intrusion of seawater. Hence High Tide Line (line of maximum reach of seawater into the

land during spring tide) can be fixed in the field, with respect to these features and tied to the

reference points, as detailed below.

a. Landward (monsoonal) berm crest for beaches

In all the well-formed wide beaches, one or more berms (which are nearly horizontal part of

the beach formed by the deposition of sand by wave action) are usually observed. The

seaward end of the berm, which shows a sudden downward slope is called the berm crest.When there is only one berm, it normally gets eroded during the monsoon with a berm crest

on the landward side. But when there are two berms the landward berm is the monsoonal


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beaches. The waves impinge upon the seawall during the monsoon season, especially during

the high tide. Thus they are the artificial barriers stopping the waves/tides at the coast. Since

the seaward part of the seawall in most cases is defaced due to erosion, the landward toe is

taken as the HTL boundary in such locations. There are some locations with two or three

lines of seawall, particularly in the accreting areas. The seaward seawall is considered here

for the purpose. On the other extreme, in the case of continuously eroding sites there are lines

of seawall which are now in the sea. In such cases the landward seawall is taken. In order to

facilitate the demarcation of HTL at seawall locations, the latter has to be clearly marked in

the beach profile during coastal surveys.

c. Permanent Vegetation L ine

Permanent vegetation develops on the stable part of the beach. The part of the beach

landward of monsoon berm crest is mostly stable. Hence the line of permanent vegetation

normally follows the line of monsoon berm crest which is the HTL.

d. Tidal flats and mudf lats

Tidal flats and mud flats are formed by fine-grained silts and clays in a medium to large tidal

environment. They have a fairly large intertidal zone fringed by vegetation. In such cases the

landward limit of HTL can be demarcated as the line of permanent vegetation other than salt

marsh vegetation and mangroves of intertidal habitat. Other geomorphic signatures like

changes in land forms and sediment characteristics can also be used.

e.

Rocks, Headlands, Cli f fs

At the rock outcrops, headlands and cliffs the water is quite deep that there is virtually no

spatial displacement in the waterline. Hence, the High Water Line available in the


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The distance of 100, 200 and 500m from the HTL is converted to the map scale at each

reference point and demarcated. The above lines are drawn parallel to the HTL uniformly all

along the coast.

For the use in the field, the distance of LWL, 100, 200 and 500m line from HTL from all the

reference points can be given as a table. The location details, including place names, latitude,

longitude etc can also be given in these tables.

7. HTL demarcation in the field and CRZ map generation

Since CRZ is applicable to inland water bodies, the influence of tidal action upstream of the

water bodies is determined by verifying the salinity of the water body during the driest month

of the year. If the salinity is 5 ppt or more, then the water body is considered to be influenced

by tidal action. This is assessed from field measurements and indicators like the limit of tidal

influence given in the CZMP (1996) and presence of mangroves.

Field studies are undertaken for fixing ground control points for georeferencing and referring

the position of the HTL. A hybrid approach of field studies supported through information

extracted from satellite imageries and existing maps are relied upon for CRZ mapping to

identify the HTL, LTL, eco-geomorphic systems and land use relevant for CRZ. The eco-

geomorphic systems include mangroves, intertidal zone, mudflats, saltpans, etc.

7.1.CRZ/CZM map in 1:25000

The CRZ map in 1:25000 is prepared with Survey of India topsheets as base maps. These

toposheets being of the coastal area, are restricted and hence have to be procured through

proper channel following specified procedures and after giving statutory undertakings to

ensure authorized use and safe custody. Toposheets of the area of study are georeferenced


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The variations of present HTL from that of CZMP (1996) is verified and documented. The

probable reasons for the variations are looked into and the details are given wherever

possible.

7.2.CRZ/CZM map in 1:4000

The base map on which HTL and LTL are demarcated have to be familiar for officials of

local bodies and the public. These have to be of sufficiently large scale with sufficient

number of reference points identifiable on the ground for facilitating field applications.

7.3Base maps

Cadastral maps available with Revenue/Survey and Land Records Dept are in 1:4000 or

1:5000 scale. Survey plots and plot boundaries are locatable on the ground. Plot boundary

junction points are taken as the reference points. The National Centre for earth Science

Studies has successfully used cadastral maps for preparing Panchayat resource maps which

are being widely used by local bodies for local level planning (CESS 2000).

8. Field mapping and map generation

Initially cadastral maps of the required area are obtained from the concerned departments

(Revenue/ Survey and Land Records Dept). These are checked for its scale accuracy through

comparing the distance of 2 known points from the map and from the ground. Toposheets

and imageries of the area for which HTL is to be demarcated, are referred to know the

features and available morphological signatures. Information derived from toposheets and

satellite imageries of different coastal ecosystems in the given area is used as baseline

information for planning the field investigations. Cadastral maps are rectified with

coordinates of known ground control points (GCP) taken from the field. The datum used is


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identified control points are taken using GPS/DGPS. The signature for the nearest HTL is

identified and distance to the HTL from the control point is measured with distometer

(usually laser distometer). The GPS/DGPS is moved along the HTL identified through

signatures and the readings are recorded. Wherever possible these are linked to the control

points identified earlier and distance to HTL measured with distometer. The data thus

collected is transferred to cadastral maps and superimposed in GIS platform. Information

from satellite imageries are used to verify the data collected and also to supplement the data

wherever the area is not approachable. Cadastral maps and satellite images are rectified in the

same geographical coordinate system and projection.

The most difficult part is the transferring of information from imageries to un-projected

cadastral maps on which CRZ maps are prepared. This is overcome by using sufficient

number of precise reference/control points spread over the entire study area for

georeferencing and compartmentalizing the maps. One of the major contributors to errors is

those occurring while reproducing the cadastral map from original map through

photocopying and scanning. While photocopying the enlargement or reduction produce the

scale error; also the shrinkage/folding of paper during the process. Another is the scale error

during geo-referencing the map. It may be noted that cadastral maps have no projection while

the images are projected. When overlying cadastral map on image by applying a common

coordinate system, some distortions do occur at edges and in the shape of features such as

road network, plot boundary etc. The errors in reproduction of cadastral maps can be

minimized by taking proper precautions. The errors in georeferencing could be controlled by

taking precautions through selection of proper field Ground Control Points (GCPs) and

identifying the field GCPs in the cadastral as well as satellite images precisely. And by


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8.1.Use of Remote sensing data for HTL

With the availability of precision GPS and high resolution satellite data like Quick Bird,

IKONOS, Resource Sat (P6) and Cartosat, it is now possible to get a mapping accuracy of

less than one meter for the demarcation of HTL/LTL. It requires georeferencing using

accurate GPS data at precisely locatable Ground Control Points (GCPs) in satellite images to

have improved accuracy level in the identification and demarcation of HTL/LTL. Accuratelyidentifying the positions for HTL with respect to signatures may become difficult when

vegetation like coconuts cover the signatures. For getting multispectral data with high spatial

resolution, the Cartosat (PAN) image has been merged with IRS-1C/1D LISS III, IRS P6

LISS IV and has been used wherever required. The IRS-1C/1D LISS III image has a spatial

resolution of 23.5m; the IRS P6 LISS IV has a resolution of 5.8 m whereas Cartosat-1 (PAN)

has a spatial resolution of 2.5 m.

8.2.LTL delineation

The LTL also depends on lunar cycle. The seaward/waterside limit will depend on the width

of tidal flat and beach. An initial assessment of LTL could be made from Hydrographical

charts. While mapping HTL the signatures of LTL could be noted and the distance from HTL

to LTL may be assessed. This is further verified and corrected with the information from

Hydrographical charts and satellite imageries. Information on LTL is derived from satellite

imagery by identifying the seaward limit of beach/ tidal flat during fair season when the

beaches/ intertidal zone have maximum width.

9. CZMP/CRZ map of Thiruvananthapuram in 1:25000 scale

The Thiruvananthapuram district area is shown in nine 1:25000 toposheets. These are:


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The HWL has been appropriately modified with the HTL obtained from field observations

and satellite imageries for preparing the CZMP as per CRZ 2011.

9.1.Data Sources

In addition to field investigations including GPS/DGPS mapping, data sources such as

topographic sheets, hydrographic charts and satellite images have been used. An initial

assessment of the morphology and ecosystems is obtained from Google imageries which are

mostly QuickBird images. Google imageries (QuickBird) of 2010 and 2011, available in the

public domain, were downloaded as different scenes with resolution zoomed to the required

level. These are then merged in Photoshop and georeferenced.

PAN merged IRS-1C/1D LISS III and IRS P6 LISS IV data were also used wherever

required. Cartosat (PAN) has a resolution of 2.5m, whereas LISS III has 23.5 m resolution.

The IRS P6 LISS IV has a resolution of 5.8 m.

9.2.Salinity and upstream boundary

The rivers, canals and backwaters that are connected to the sea include Neyyar river,

Karamana river,Vamanapuram river, Karichal canal, T S Canal, Veli-Akkualam backwater,Kadinamkulam kayaland Nadayara kayal. Salinity measurements have been carried out to

determine the upstream boundary of CRZ along these rivers and canals during February to

April 2014. Details are given in Table 1. In some places, the influence of tidal action has

been observed further upstream of what is given in CZMP (1996). These were not in CRZ in

CZMP (1995).It is seen that 5 ppt salinity is observed upstream along Karamana river up toKaramana bridge. It may be noted that CRZ upstream of Karamana River was limited to

Thiruvallam as per CZMP (1996). The present observation of Karamina River shows the


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(1996) since whatever reclamations, etc blocking tidal flow that has taken place after

February 1991 is not permissible as per CRZ (1991).

Table 1: Salinity in different locations

Sl

No

Date Location Place Name Salinity Depth

Neyyar River

1 11-04-2013 8 19 09.44 N

77 04 34.34 EPoovar Bridge 28.02 ppt

Surface

2 11-04-2013 8 20 29.50 N

77 05 22.62 EMavilakadavu Bridge 12.36 ppt

Surface

3 11-04-2013 8 21 04.38 N77 05 14.68 E

Thirupurm 7.3 pptSurface

4 11-04-2013 8 21 19.39 N

77 05 12.60 E

Kattuvila 3.008 pptSurface

Karichal Thod

5 11-04-2013 8 20 57.37 N

77 01 48.09 EAdimala Thura bridge 10.01 ppt

Surface

6 11-04-2013 8 21 35.15 N

77 01 44.47 EChappattu Bridge 6.10 ppt

Surface

7 11-04-2013 8 21 35.62 N77 01 44.33 E

Chappattu Bridge 3.89 pptSurface

Karamana River and Killi River

8 24.4.13 8o 24/ 22.2//

76o58/ 15.4//Back water in the western side of TajVivanta, Kovalam

3.28ppt Surface

9 24.4.13 8o 24/ 58.5//

76o57

/51.0

//Back water infront of Panathura Templeconnectivity is broken infront of thetemple.

5.185ppt Surface

10 24.4.13 8o

2506.0

76o57/ 48.6//Northern portion of back water towardsestuary.

7.08ppt Surface

11 24.4.13 8o 25/29.0//

76o57/28.44//Pozhi area. Pozhi closed with sand bar. 5.168ppt Surface

12 24.4.13 8o 27/12.8//

76o57/ 42.4//Karamana River. Mulakadavu 13.55ppt Bottom

13 24.4.13 8o 27 12.8

76o57

/42.4

//Karamana River. Mulakadavu 1.74ppt Surface

/ //


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SlNo

Date Location Place Name Salinity Depth

22 26.4.13 8o 38 / 58.5//76o 47/ 30.2//

Mamam Ar Culvert near ManjadimooduJunction.

20.46ppt Surface

23 26.4.13 8o 38 /58.8//

76

o

47

/

30.26

//Mamam Ar Eastern side of the culvert. 18.32ppt Surface

24 26.4.13 8o40 17.6

76o46

/22.0

//Valiyar. North of Ithikara Ar. 21.52ppt Surface

25 26.4.13 8o40 21.5

76o46/19.5//Valiyar upstream point of location 23. 21.00ppt Surface

26 26.4.13 8o40

/33.1

//

76o46/30.7//Valiyar upstream point of location 24. 21.00ppt Surface

27 26.4.13 8o 40 34.9

76o49/40.4//Sarkara Ar, Bridge across old NH, near MamamJunction.

0.11ppt Surface

28 26.4.13 8o

40/

27.8//

76o49

/26.4

// Sarkara Ar downstream point of location 26. 0.42ppt Surface

29 26.4.13 8o40

/38.7

//

76o48

/57.4

//Sarkara Ar downstream point of location 27 0.08ppt Surface

30 26.4.13 8o40 45.7

76o48

/42.9

//Sarkara Ar downstream point of location 28 0.08ppt Surface

31 26.4.13 8o40

/23.8

//

76o47/59.5//Stream connecting Ithikara Ar and Sarkara Ar.Bridge between Puravur and Pulimoodu

14.80ppt Bottom

32 26.4.13 8o

39/45.4

//

76o

48/

01.1//

Sarkara Ar. Downstream point of location 29.

Bridge beween Pulimoodu and Kattumurakkal

0.11ppt Shallow

33 27.4.13 8o

39/09.4

//

76o47

/19.0

//Sarkara Ar. Downstream point of location 30.Bridge between, Sarkara and Manjadimoodu.1.5

feet break water constructed across the stream toarrest the salt water intrustion towards upstream

20.37ppt shallow

34 27.4.13 8o 48 32.1

76o39

/29.6

//Canal connecting between Paravoor Thekke

kayal and Paravoor Kayal. Bridge locationbetween Paravoor and Pozhikkara.

26.53.pp

t

Surface

35 27.4.13 8o

48 32.1

76o

39/

29.6//

Canal connecting between Paravoor Thekke

kayal and Paravoor Kayal. Bridge locationbetween Paravoor and Pozhikkara.

28.33ppt Bottom

36 27.4.13 8o 47 /57.2//

76o40/03.0//Canal connecting between Paravoor ThekkeKayal and Paravoor Kayal.

26.25 Bottom

37 27.4.13 8o 45 33.0

76o43

/24.8

//Canal between Nadayara Kayal and

Kozhithottam Kayal. Bridge location nearNadayara.

0.31ppt Surface

38 27.4.13 8o

46 07.5

76o42/49.8//Canal between Nadayara Kayal andKozhithottam Kayal.

Bridge location north of location 35.

6.61ppt Surface

39 27.4.13 8o

46/19.4

//

76o42

/37.3

//Canal between Nadayara Kayal andKozhithottam Kayal. Ferry location north oflocation 36

12.33ppt Surface

40 27 4 13 8o 44 42 3 C l b t N d K l d 0 093 t S f


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10. CRZ categories

The CRZ of Thiruvananthapuram consists of CRZ I (CRZ IA & CRZ IB), CRZ II, CRZ III

and CRZ IV. The CRZ IA are those ecologically sensitive and the geomorphological features

which play a role in maintaining the integrity of the coast as listed under para 7(i)A such as

mangroves, corals, sand dunes, etc. The CRZ IB is area between Low Tide Line and High

Tide Line. The CRZ II is those developed areas (with more than 50% built up area) in legally

designated urban areas. Thiruvananthapuram Corporation and Attingal and Varkala

Municipalities are the urban areas in Thiruvananthapuram district. The CRZ in these urban

areas which have more than 50% built up area, is CRZ II. The CRZ III is undeveloped areas

in the CRZ of Thiruvananthapuram. The CRZ IV is the nearshore waters, the tidal influenced

inland waterbodies and the bed. The details are given in the attached CRZ map (Figure 1 and

Table 2).

The spread of mangrove is limited in Thiruvananthapuram. Patches of mangroves are

observed at Manamboor and Kadakkavoor along the bed of Anjuthengu kayal and

Vamanapuram River. Reclamation of mudflats/tidal flats and waterbody has caused

significant changes in the morphology and HTL in certain places.

Cliff edges bordering the sea were considered to be ecologically and morphologically

important and the land area upto 50m from the cliff base has been approved as CRZ I in the

CZMP (1996). This is not considered in the CZMP now presented. At the same considering

the geomorphological importance of Varkala cliffs, the same (land area upto 50m from the

cliff base) is retained as CRZ I. There is an active proposal to declare Varkala cliffs as anational geopark under a Geological Survey of India (GSI) initiative to preserve

geologically important sites in the country. With this, Varkala stands a chance to find a place


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as parks and play grounds have built up area more than 50% and hence could be considered

as CRZ II. Accordingly the CRZ in Thiruvananthapuram Corporation and Attingal and

Varkala Municipalities, other than CRZ I, CRZ IV, are shown as CRZ II.

The district has HTL for a length of 507.348 km. The total CRZ area is 45.31 km2. Mangrove

area (CRZ IA) is 18201.25m2with a mangrove buffer zone of 0.1km

2. The intertidal zone

(mostly mudflats on the banks of backwater) is spread over 4.53km2.

Table 2. CRZ details of Thiruvananthapuram District

HTL

Length

(km)

Mangroves (CRZ

IA) (m2)

Inter Tidal

Zone

(CRZ IB)

(km2)

Mangrove buffer

zone

(CRZ I) (km2)

CRZ II

(km2)

CRZ III

(km2)

507.348 18201.25 4.53 0.1 17.87 27.44


21/30


22/30

11. Summary

Thiruvananthapuram District has Lakshadweep Sea is on its west. Nadayar Kayal,

Anjuthengu Kayal, Kozhithottam Kayal, Mungottu kayal, Kadinamklam Kayal and

Veli-Akkulam Lake are the major backwaters with recharging rivers namely

Neyyatinkara river, Karamana Ar, Vamanpuram river, Killi Ar and interconnecting

Karichal canal and T.S canal. Muthalappozhi, Veli and Thiruvananthapuram tidal

inlet provides a permanent connection to the sea.

Thiruvananthapuram District is contained in toposheets Sheet Nos. 58 D9 SE, 58 D10

NE, 58 D14 NW, 58 D14 SE, 58 D14 SW, 58 D15 NE, 58 D15 SE, 58 H3 NW and

58 H3 SW.

The CZMP is prepared in 1:25000 scale based on field information collected in

1:4000 cadastral maps.

Avicennia officinalis and Rhizophora mucronata are the dominant variety of

mangroves

Flow in many canals is blocked due to reclamations restricting tidal flow. Bunds and

sluices have regulated the flow of tidal waters in many canals and rivers.

Thiruvananthapuram Corporation, Varkala and Attingal Municipality are highly

developed with a very high potential for further development, the CRZ in the

Corporation, other than CRZ I, CRZ IV and open spaces such as parks and play

grounds is considered to have built up area more than 50% and hence categorized as

CRZ II.


23/30

The total area of CRZ III in the panchayaths of Thiruvananthapuram district is 27.44

km2.

Mangrove area (CRZ IA) is 18201.25 m2with a mangrove buffer zone of 0.1 km2.

Intertidal zone (which includes sandy beachesand mudflats on the banks of

backwater/ river) is CRZ IB and is spread over 4.53km2. No distinction is made

between biologically active and not biologically active mudflats.

7642'30"E

7640'0"E

58 D 9 SEIndex Map

KASARAGOD

INDIAKarnataka


24/30

1787

33

1475

1514

33431452

3312

33

33

1463

238

3 3332

3291

3239

3315

333

1871

1590

2859

236

237

1

1516

1623

1503

333

3313

33 3

3342

3

3

1571

3320

3326

3

1 1

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1515

1618

1

1592

1

2072

1635

1600

1512

1519

1 1

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1591

1447

1872

33

1

1505

1499

1582

1873

1507

1478

3311

1 1

3308

1 13

1

1941 1933

2077

1597

1

1506

235

3307

1747

1602

1666

2860

3324

1

1474

1570

1912

1730

1

1649

33

1569

1758

2857

1

1522

1

2041

1929

1

1594

3

1501

1539

1 1

1669

1667

2007

1596

2067

1593

2080

1472

1746

2032

1653

2910

1445

1751

2056

234

13

1466

3

1579

13

1940

1490

1759

2033

1460

1968

1488

13

1538

1606

1580

2051

1468

1520

1478

2078

1451

1728

1467

2044

2086

2918

1

232

1911

1899

1481

2052

1609

2005

1909

1477

2927

3302

2882

1701

1492

1672

1544

2020

1904

1888

2061

1

1647

1910

13 1

1587

11

1

2074

2920

1500

1754

1617

1637

1524

1704

3319

33221485

2036

1953

1513

2048

1488

2930

2055

2851

1518

1975

1922

1616

3325

2059

1939

20292008

1321

1450

1

3321

2085

1908

2075

1469

13

1605

28791483

1568

3309

1576

13

2881

1526

1604

2031

11

2021

3

1671

1890

2983

2014

3208

233

13 1

1

2883

1843

1

1839

1509

1455

2932

2009

1930

2065

13

1885

1 3

11 333

1879

2931

1626

1633

2028

1 31

1494

3

1967

2861

13

1529

3045

1887

1899

3013

13

3

2049

1479

2017

13

1938

1945

1766

1 3

28852058

2024

1488

1997

131 3

2141

1745

1948

2054

1480

11446

1 3

1540

3306

2877

1624

2084

1976

2018

2000 3299

3038

1670

1760

1444

2063

1702

2081

1903

1458

2070

144933

1496

1

2013

1971

1773

1452

2042

1630

1937

1756

1614

1484

2856

242

1464

3298

2018

1854

1615

3

2016

1469

3035

1648

1502

1899

1541

2034

3102

1448

1771

1542

1

1508

1613

2067

2083

3170

1 3

1995

1601

1523

3306

30471956

1752

1783

1889

2058

2006

1731

1465

1495

2858

1763

1860

1832

1838

13

2884

2869

1836

1619

1870

228

1636

1

3

3310

1970

31273137

1776

1966

3301

2064

1487

1537

3033

3213

2050

3031

1608

2038

2889

31

2078

1833

1585

2926

1733

2908

1

2878

1642

2907

1944

2862

1749

2012

1530

1486

1517

2069

30741744

1665

1921

1610

3135

1753

1969

3034

1543

28521 3

1625

1925

1825

1535

1896

33

1543

1917

1588

1664

1881

1748

3

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2892

1640

231

1768

1612

2855

1928

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13 3

1899

1902

1926

2924

3

1945

2079

1892

1491

3

1891

2849

13 3

2888

1729

1526

30261790 2023

1651

2864

1511

1989

2872

1772

2854

3323

230

1497

2015

1

2022

2919

3131

1996

1949

8116

2911

3063

3

1983

3044

1947

1645

1629

1527

1599

3169

1866

3243

2875

1586

1941

3025

1876

1641

1972

3258

3128

1638

1664

1595

1981

1551

1915

3

1764 3190

3045

1804

3

1840 3069

3062

3030

1377

1

3091

2909

3099

1715

3154

1589

1646

1810

1973

1525

1573

1931

1920

166

1510

1918

2906

3

1897

2916

1774

1572

1662

3007

3

3241

1556

1865

3

1964

1607

3024

3104

1859

3124

3107

3284

1622

2898

1654

3188

1717

3279

3245

3105

1950

1875

3079

3314

1974

2933

1899

3154

1 1

1631

3341

3318

1857

1818

3233

1919

2863

3 3

3145

1574

3179

111

1655

1777

1842

1961

3103

2929

3314

1962

1583

1547

1703

1734

3056

1634

3290

1720

1632

1705

1620

2087

2923

2904

1864

3177

1

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1

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1 311

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0

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38

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236

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72

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194

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96

218

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195

246

195

475

403

71

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244

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239

269

261

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200

245

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25

273

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189

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392

192

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201

313

407

199

219

378

369

391

383

172

324

277

399377

396

198

368

197

161

328

321

173

224

Block 2

Block 29

Block 3

7642'30"E7640'0"E

850'0"N

850'0"N

847'30"N

847'30"N

CRZ of Thiruvananthapuram District is given intopos heet no. 58 D9 SE, 58 D10 NE,

58 D14 NW, 58 D14 SW, 58 D14 SE, 58 D15 NE,58 H3 NW, 58 D15 SE and 58 H3 SW

Legend

Road

Railway line

Seawall

Municipal/ Corporation Boundary

Village Boundary/Block boundary

High Tide Line

Low Tide Line

CRZ Line for River or Backwater

100m CRZ Line

200m CRZ Line

500m CRZ Line

Mangroves - CRZ IA

Mangrove Buffer Zone - CRZ I

Inter Tidal Zone - CRZ IB

CRZ II

CRZ III

Waterbody (sea) - CRZ IV A

Waterbody (backwater) - CRZ IV B

Waterbody (non-tidal)

Survey Plots

(Corporation and Municipal area havingbuiltup area > 50% in the CRZ is CRZ II)

13

L

a

k

s

h

a

d

w

e

e

p

s

e

a

C o n t i n u e d t o s h e e t n o . 5 8 D 1 0 N E

IDUKKI

PALAKKAD

KANNUR

KOLLAM

TRISHSHUR

WAYANAD

KOTTAYAM

ERNAKULAM

MALAPPURAM

KOZHIKODE

PATTANAMTITTA

KASARAGOD

ALAPPUZHA

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM

MAHE

58D9SE

58H3SW

58H3NW

58D14SE

58D15SE

58D15NE

58D10NE

58D14SW

58D14NW

KERALA

TamilNadu

KOLLAM

Kerala

Lakshadweep Sea

CZMP MAP IN 1:25000

58 D9 SE

DISTRICT THALUK

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM

NedumangadChirayankeezhu

Thiruvananthapuram

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM

KANYAKUMARI

LakshadweepS

ea

SHEET No.

INDEX TO SHEETS

Neyyatinkara

CHIRAYANKEEZHU

Thiruvananthapuram

58 D9 SE

58 D14 NW

58 D14 SW

LakshadweepS

ea

Chirayankeezhu

58 D10 NE

E D A V A

C H E M M A R U T H I

E L A K A M O N

Tidal limit

K O L L A M D I S T R I C T

NA D AYA R A KAY AL

KIL I

M UK K

AMK

A YA L

EDAVAKAYA

L

Map

ping

Limit

D R A F T M A P

0 500 1,000250

Meters

1:25,000

Coastal Zone Management PlanThiruvananthapuram District, Kerala

Mapped During Scale

Checked by Approved by

R e f e r C R Z r e p o r t f o r d e t a i l s

National Centre for Earth Science Studies Akkulam, Thuruvikkal P.O Thiruvananthapuram - 11

March - 2012 toMay - 2014

C Z M P o f K E R A L A - P r e p a r e d f o r G o v t . o f K e r a l a b y N a t i o n a l C e n t r e f o r E a r t h S c i e n c e S t u d i e s

T

.S.Canal

T.S.Canal


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Documents

Costal Zone Management Plan Trivandrum (New 2014)